beta-carotene and Muscular-Atrophy

Topics: Animals; beta Carotene; Cachexia; Carcinoma, Lewis Lung; Culture Media, Conditioned; Cytokines; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Muscle Development; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Atrophy; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Signal Transduction

The antioxidant factors, astaxanthin, β-carotene, and resveratrol, have a potential effect on protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and a combined intake may have a greater cumulative effect than individual intake. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects on skeletal muscle mass and protein metabolic signaling during the hypertrophic process from atrophy in mice.. Male ICR mice were divided into five dietary groups consisting of seven animals each: normal, astaxanthin, β-carotene, resveratrol, and all three antioxidants. Equal concentrations (0.06% [w/w]) of the respective antioxidants were included in the diet of each group. In the mixed group, three antioxidants were added in equal proportion. One leg of each mouse was casted for 3 wk to induce muscle atrophy. After removal of the cast, the mice were fed each diet for 2 wk. The muscle tissues were collected, weighed, and examined for protein metabolism signaling and oxidative damage.. The weight of the soleus muscle was increased in the astaxanthin, β-carotene, and resveratrol groups to a greater extent than in the normal group; this was accelerated by intake of the mixed antioxidants (P = 0.007). Phosphorylation levels of mammalian target of rapamycin and p70 S6 K in the muscle were higher in the mixed antioxidant group than in the normal group (P = 0.025; P = 0.020). The carbonylated protein concentration was lower in the mixed antioxidant group than in the normal group (P = 0.021).. These results suggested that a combination of astaxanthin, β-carotene, and resveratrol, even in small amounts, promoted protein synthesis during the muscle hypertrophic process following atrophy.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; beta Carotene; Diet; Hypertrophy; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Atrophy; Oxidative Stress; Protein Biosynthesis; Resveratrol; Xanthophylls

The combination of sarcopenia and obesity (i.e., sarcopenic obesity) is more strongly associated with disability and metabolic/cardiovascular diseases than obesity or sarcopenia alone. Therefore, countermeasures that simultaneously suppress fat gain and muscle atrophy to prevent an increase in sarcopenic obesity are warranted. The aim of this study was to investigate the simultaneous effects of fucoxanthinol (FXOH) on fat loss in mature adipocytes and the inhibition of atrophy and loss in myotubes induced by oxidative stress. C2C12 myotubes were treated with FXOH for 24 h and further incubated with hydrogen peroxide (H

Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; Animals; Atrophy; beta Carotene; Cell Line; Fatty Acids; Hydrogen Peroxide; Lipolysis; Metabolic Diseases; Mice; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Muscular Atrophy; Obesity; Oxidative Stress; Triglycerides

Muscle atrophy increases the production of reactive oxygen species and the expression of atrophy-related genes, which are involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. In the present study, we investigated the effects of β-carotene on oxidative stress (100 μM-H2O2)-induced muscle atrophy in murine C2C12 myotubes. β-Carotene (10 μM) restored the H2O2-induced decreased levels of myosin heavy chain and tropomyosin (P< 0·05, n 3) and decreased the H2O2-induced increased levels of ubiquitin conjugates. β-Carotene reduced the H2O2-induced increased expression levels of E3 ubiquitin ligases (Atrogin-1 and MuRF1) and deubiquitinating enzymes (USP14 and USP19) (P< 0·05, n 3) and attenuated the H2O2-induced nuclear localisation of FOXO3a. Furthermore, we determined the effects of β-carotene on denervation-induced muscle atrophy. Male ddY mice (8 weeks old, n 30) were divided into two groups and orally pre-administered micelle with or without β-carotene (0·5 mg once daily) for 2 weeks, followed by denervation in the right hindlimb. β-Carotene was further administered once daily until the end of the experiment. At day 3 after denervation, the ratio of soleus muscle mass in the denervated leg to that in the sham leg was significantly higher in β-carotene-administered mice than in control vehicle-administered ones (P< 0·05, n 5). In the denervated soleus muscle, β-carotene administration significantly decreased the expression levels of Atrogin-1, MuRF1, USP14 and USP19 (P< 0·05, n 5) and the levels of ubiquitin conjugates. These results indicate that β-carotene attenuates soleus muscle loss, perhaps by repressing the expressions of Atrogin-1, MuRF1, USP14 and USP19, at the early stage of soleus muscle atrophy.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; beta Carotene; Cells, Cultured; Forkhead Box Protein O3; Forkhead Transcription Factors; Gene Expression Regulation; Hydrogen Peroxide; Male; Mice; Muscle Denervation; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Muscle Proteins; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Atrophy; Myoblasts, Skeletal; Oxidative Stress; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes