beta-carotene and Kidney-Neoplasms

Of the few studies that have examined alcohol consumption in relation to risk of renal cell cancer (RCC), most are case-control studies. The extent to which alcohol affects RRC risk is unclear. We prospectively examined the association between total alcohol intake as well as specific types of alcoholic beverage and RCC in a large cohort of Finnish male smokers. Men from the Alpha-Tocopherol, BetaCarotene (ATBC) Cancer Prevention Study were followed for 12 years and RCC cases were identified. Alcohol consumption was assessed at baseline using a questionnaire previously shown to be both reproducible and valid. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to adjust simultaneously for known or suspected risk factors for RCC. We ascertained 195 incident cases of RCC. In multivariate analysis, the relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of RCC according to increasing quartiles of total alcohol intake were 1.0, 0.91 (0.62-1.33), 0.94 (0.64-1.38), and 0.53 (0.34-0.83), respectively (P value for trend = 0.005); for spirit consumption, 1.0, 0.93 (0.63-1.Fspiait39), 0.84 (0.58-1.20), and 0.55 (0.36-0.85) (P for trend = 0.02); and for beer intake, 1.0, 1.22 (0.85-1.76), 0.83 (0.57-1.22), and 0.55 (0.36-0.85) (P for trend = 0.003). Too few people in this cohort drank wine to assess its association with risk of RCC. These data suggest that alcohol consumption is associated with decreased risk of RCC in male smokers. Because most of the risk reductions were seen at the highest quartile of alcohol intake and alcohol is a risk factor for a number of cancers particularly among smokers, these data should be interpreted with caution.

Topics: Alcohol Drinking; alpha-Tocopherol; beta Carotene; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Double-Blind Method; Finland; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Proportional Hazards Models; Prospective Studies; Registries; Risk Factors; Smoking

Few studies have examined exercise in relation to risk of renal cell cancer. We examined the association between leisure-time and occupational physical activity and renal cell cancer in a cohort of 29,133 male smokers 50-69 years of age in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene (ATBC) Cancer Prevention Study. Physical activity was assessed at baseline using a self-administered questionnaire that inquired about usual level of physical activity during leisure-time and at work during the past year. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to adjust simultaneously for known or suspected risk factors for renal cell cancer. During 12 years (354,407 person-years) of follow-up, 210 incident cases of renal cell cancer were identified. In age-adjusted analysis, the RRs of renal cell cancer in increasing categories of leisure-time physical activity (light, moderate and heavy) were 1.0, 0.89 (95% CI = 0.67-1.17) and 0.38 (95% CI = 0.15-0.94), respectively (p-value for trend = 0.06). After adjustment for body mass index, energy intake, smoking, hypertension, education and fruit and vegetable intake, the multivariate RRs of renal cell cancer in increasing categories of leisure-time physical activity (light, moderate and heavy), were 1.0, 0.89 (95% CI = 0.66-1.19), and 0.46 (95% CI = 0.18-1.13) (p-value for trend = 0.12). Occupational physical activity was unrelated to renal cell cancer risk. These data suggest that recreational physical activity may play a role in the prevention of renal cell cancer in men.

Topics: Age Distribution; Aged; alpha-Tocopherol; beta Carotene; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Cohort Studies; Double-Blind Method; Exercise; Finland; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Smoking

Renal carcinoma represents histologically heterogeneous group of malignant tumors, with various clinical aggressiveness. The frequency of p53 mutation in primal renal carcinoma is rare, although there are information about its heterogeneous accumulation. The loss of protein p16 expression in primal renal carcinoma is detected in 20-30% of the cases. The aim of this paper was to determine frequency of mutated protein p53 and expression of protein p16(INK4a) in renal carcinoma, to analyze their correlative relation and relation with the examined clinicopathological parameters.. The examination included 12 patients (66.7% men, 33.3% women), with patohistologically verified renal carcinoma. Expression of mutated form of protein p53 and protein p16 was determined in tissue samples, by immunohistochemical analysis using of mice monoclonical antibodies produced by DAKO, Denmark. In 9 (75%) of the cases was detected mutated protein p53, of whom 66.6% had higher histological gradus of tumor (G3-4) and higher pathological stadium of the disease (pT3a-b) at the same time. In 7 (58.3%) and 5 (41.7%) of the cases expression of protein p16, the loss of expression of protein p16 were detected respectively. A statistically significant positive correlation was determined between pathological stadium of disease (TNM) and the degree of tumor differentiation (G) (p = 0.834; p < 0.001), as well as between TNM and mitotic index (p = 0.622; p = 0.031).. A mutated form of protein p53 exists in 75% of the cases with the renal carcinoma and 66.6% of then have higher histological gradus of tumor and higher stadium of tumor disease at the same time. Coexpression of mutated protein p53 and protein p16(INK4a) in renal carcinoma is not statistically significant and it is not in correlation with clinicopathological parameters. Immunohistochemical analysis of mutated protein p53 in renal carcinoma can have predictive significance.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; beta Carotene; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; Female; Genes, p53; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Proteins; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53

The structures of two novel 3,4-seco-lanostane-type triterpenes isolated from the sclerotium of Poria cocos were established to be 16alpha-hydroxy-3,4-seco-lanosta-4(28),8,24-triene-3,21-dioic acid (1; poricoic acid G) and 16alpha-hydroxy-3,4-seco-24-methyllanosta-4(28),8,24(24(1))-triene-3,21-dioic acid (2; poricoic acid H) on the basis of spectroscopic methods. These two, and eight other known compounds isolated from the sclerotium, poricoic acid B (3), poricoic acid A (4), tumulosic acid (5), dehydrotumulosic acid (6), 3-epidehydrotumulosic acid (7), polyporenic acid C (8), 25-hydroxy-3-epidehydrotumulosic acid (9), and dehydroabietic acid methyl ester (10), showed potent inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of compounds 1 and 4 against human cancer cell lines revealed that 1 was significantly cytotoxic to leukemia HL-60 cells [GI(50) (concentration that yields 50% growth) value 39.3 nM], although it showed only moderate cytotoxicity to the other cells. Compound 4 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity to all of the cancer cell lines tested.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Brain Neoplasms; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Colonic Neoplasms; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Female; Humans; Japan; Kidney Neoplasms; Lanosterol; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lung Neoplasms; Melanoma; Molecular Conformation; Molecular Structure; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Ovarian Neoplasms; Plants, Medicinal; Polyporaceae; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Triterpenes; Tumor Cells, Cultured

The effects of pretreatment with beta-carotene-containing preparation carinat on the development of renal tumors in rats receiving single intravenous injection of chemical carcinogen 3-(1-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl)-1-methyl-1-nitrosourea were studied. Fourteen months after carcinogen administration, the degree of lipid oxidation in rat kidneys 2.5-fold surpassed that in animals receiving carinat in a dose producing in vivo antioxidant effect. Carinat decreased the total number of induced tumors and the incidence of mesenchymal renal tumors and suppressed the development of multiple tumors. The accumulation of lipoperoxides in the kidneys during carcinogenesis is associated with activation of free radical processes and carcinogen-induced inhibition of lipoperoxide enzymatic degradation and probably promotes renal malignancies due to co-carcinogenic action of these compounds. The data suggest that carinat-induced suppression of tumor development attests to antioxidant effects of beta-carotene.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; beta Carotene; Carcinogens; Female; Kidney Neoplasms; Lipid Peroxidation; Nitrosourea Compounds; Rats

The percent population attributable risk (AR) for kidney cancer was estimated in relation to smoking habits, beta-carotene intake, history of cystitis and family history of kidney cancer, using data from a case-control study conducted between 1985 and 1989 in Milan, northern Italy. The data comprised 133 histologically confirmed cases of incident kidney cancer and 392 controls, admitted to hospital for a wide range of acute, non-neoplastic, non-smoking-related diseases. On the basis of multivariate odds ratios (ORs), smoking habits accounted for about 26% of cases, a low beta-carotene intake for 18%, a history of cystitis for 7%, and a family history of kidney cancer in first-degree relatives for 3% of cases. Ever smoking and low beta-carotene intake combined explained 38% of all kidney cancers, and the combination of these two factors plus a history of cystitis and a family history of kidney cancer explained 45% of the incidence of the disease. Thus, even if available, dietary information was limited and the AR estimates were based on somewhat arbitrary assumptions. A considerable proportion of kidney cancers could be avoided simply by eliminating smoking and increasing consumption of fruit and vegetables in this Italian population. This would mean that about 1,500 kidney cancer deaths every year in the whole of Italy could be avoided.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; beta Carotene; Case-Control Studies; Confidence Intervals; Female; Humans; Incidence; Italy; Kidney Neoplasms; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Risk Factors; Sex Distribution; Smoking; Survival Rate; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Animals; Anticarcinogenic Agents; beta Carotene; Carcinogens; Carotenoids; Female; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Nitrosourea Compounds; Rats

Topics: beta Carotene; Carcinoma in Situ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Carotenoids; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged