beta-carotene and Edema

Asphodelus microcarpus is an important medicinal plant belonging to family Liliaceae. This plant is used in traditional medicine to treat abscesses by local application of the powder; the roots are used against white spots, and specifically used for ear pain.. The aim of the present study was to assess the in vitro antioxidant effects and the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the different parts methanolic extracts of the Asphodelus microcarpus: aerial part (APME), leaf (LME), stem flowers (SFME) and root (RME).. The antioxidant potency of extracts was evaluated by DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS, β-carotene bleaching assays, iron chelating, free hydroxyl radicals (HO. The estimation of polyphenols and flavonoids showed that the leave methanolic extract contains a high amount of polyphenols and flavonoids: 755.3 ± 0.036 mg Gallic acid equivalent and 42.2 ± 0.043 mg Rutin equivalent/g of dried material, respectively. Oral administration of the APME and RME extract produced significant (p < 0.05) anti-edematogenic effect with a dose of 500 mg/kg in the carrageenan induced paw edema after 6 h (58.04%, 58.75%, respectively). APME, LME; SFME and RME extracts at 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg, exhibited significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of xylene induced ear edema.. the present study confirms the use of A. microcarpus in traditional medicine as anti-inflammatory agent.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Benzothiazoles; beta Carotene; Biphenyl Compounds; Carrageenan; Edema; Female; Hydroxyl Radical; Iron; Liliaceae; Mice; Phytotherapy; Picrates; Plant Components, Aerial; Plant Extracts; Rats, Wistar; Sulfonic Acids; Xylenes

Pleurotus florida has been widely used for nutritional and medicinal purposes. The present study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the fruiting bodies of P. florida extracted with acetone, methanol, and hot water. The antioxidant activities of the acetone and methanol extracts of P. florida showed stronger inhibition of β-carotene-linoleic acid compared to that of the hot water extract. The acetone extract (8 mg/mL) showed a high reducing power of 1.86. The acetone and methanol extracts showed more effective DPPH radical scavenging activities than the hot water extract. The chelating effect of the extracts at lower concentrations was significantly effective compared to that of the positive control. Thirteen phenolic compounds were detected from acetonitrile and hydrochloric acid solvent extracts. Nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in lipolysaccahride (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, a murine macrophage cell line, were inhibited significantly by the mushroom extracts in a concentration dependent manner. The anti-inflammatory activity on carrageenan-induced edema in the rat hind-paw reduced significantly by the mushroom extracts. Therefore, we have demonstrated that P. florida fruiting bodies possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activites related to their inhibitory activities on NO production, iNOS protein expression, and carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. The results suggest that the fruiting bodies of P. florida are a good source of natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; beta Carotene; Complex Mixtures; Edema; Free Radical Scavengers; Fruiting Bodies, Fungal; Iron Chelating Agents; Linolenic Acids; Male; Phenols; Pleurotus; Rats

Decoctions or infusions of the stem bark of Byrsonima japurensis A. Juss. (Malpighiaceae) are widely used as an anti-inflammatory drug in folk medicine of Amazonas State (Brazil).. To evaluate the pharmacological potential of an aqueous extract of the stem bark of Byrsonima japurensis (BJEA) to scientifically verify of its traditional use.. Anti-inflammatory, antihyperalgesic and antiulcer activities were evaluated in Wistar rats, a Hippocratic screening was performed in Swiss mice to evaluate the toxic effects, and antiplatelet evaluation was performed in human platelet rich plasma assay. Additionally, antioxidant activity was evaluated by superoxide radical scavenging method and β-carotene bleaching test.. Anti-inflammatory, antihyperalgesic and gastroprotective activities were observed in rats treated orally with different doses of BJEA. While signals of toxicity were observed in the mice treated with a very high dose of extract (5000mg/kg), no death occurred. BJEA also showed expressive antiplatelet and antioxidant activities in vitro.. According to our results, it was concluded that stem bark of Byrsonima japurensis has significant and safe anti-inflammatory activity, which is closely related with their potent antioxidant activity, supporting the folk medicinal use of this species.

Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Antioxidants; beta Carotene; Brazil; Carrageenan; Edema; Female; Humans; Male; Malpighiaceae; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Pain; Phytotherapy; Plant Bark; Plant Extracts; Plant Stems; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Stomach Ulcer; Superoxides

A new anthraquinone, 1,5,15-tri-O-methylmorindol (1), and two new saccharide fatty acid esters, 2-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-O-hexanoyl-beta-D-gluropyranose (4) and 2-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-O-octanoyl-beta-D-gluropyranose (5), have been isolated from a methanol extract of the fruits of Morinda citrifolia (noni) along with 10 known compounds, namely, two anthraquinones (2, 3), six saccharide fatty acid esters (6-11), an iridoid glycoside (12), and a flavanol glycoside (13). Upon evaluation of six compounds (5-7, 9, 10, and 13) for inhibitory activity against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation (1 microg/ear) in mice, four saccharide fatty acid esters, 5-7 and 9, exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity, with ID50 values of 0.46-0.79 mg per ear. In addition, when compounds 1-13 were evaluated against the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by TPA, all of the compounds exhibited moderate inhibitory effects (IC50 values of 386-578 mol ratio/32 pmol TPA).

Topics: Animals; Anthraquinones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Antigens, Viral; Caproates; Caprylates; Ear; Edema; Fruit; Glucosides; Japan; Mice; Molecular Structure; Morinda; Plants, Medicinal; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

Ten oleanane-type triterpene glycosides, 1-10, including four new compounds, calendulaglycoside A 6'-O-methyl ester (2), calendulaglycoside A 6'-O-n-butyl ester (3), calendulaglycoside B 6'-O-n-butyl ester (5), and calendulaglycoside C 6'-O-n-butyl ester (8), along with five known flavonol glycosides, 11-15, were isolated from the flowers of marigold (Calendula officinalis). Upon evaluation of compounds 1-9 for inhibitory activity against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation (1 microg/ear) in mice, all of the compounds, except for 1, exhibited marked anti-inflammatory activity, with ID50 values of 0.05-0.20 mg per ear. In addition, when 1-15 were evaluated against the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by TPA, compounds 1-10 exhibited moderate inhibitory effects (IC50 values of 471-487 mol ratio/32 pmol TPA). Furthermore, upon evaluation of the cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines in vitro in the NCI Developmental Therapeutics Program, two triterpene glycosides, 9 and 10, exhibited their most potent cytotoxic effects against colon cancer, leukemia, and melanoma cells.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Antigens, Viral; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Calendula; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Ear; Edema; Egypt; Flowers; Glycosides; Humans; Mice; Oleanolic Acid; Plants, Medicinal

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis, Experimental; beta Carotene; Carotenoids; Cells, Cultured; Edema; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-1; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Recombinant Proteins; Time Factors

1. The effects of carotenes (alpha- and beta-) on edema, MDA contents and peroxidizability of croton oil-treated mouse skin epidermis, hydroperoxide production and enzymatic lipid peroxidation of epidermal homogenates were studied. Edema was determined as ear punch weight and the intensity of lipid peroxidation was measured using malondialdehyde formation. 2. Carotenes (alpha- and beta-) significantly suppressed edema formation, hydroperoxide production, lipid peroxidation caused by croton oil, Fe + 3-ADP/NADPH or paraquat/NADPH in vivo as well as in vitro. 3. These results indicate that both alpha- and beta-carotene have chemopreventive effects on croton oil-induced tumor promotion in skin tumorigenesis by scavenging oxygen free radicals, indirectly determined as carotene inhibition of lipid peroxidation and hydroperoxide formation.

Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Animals; beta Carotene; Carotenoids; Croton Oil; Ear; Edema; Epidermis; Hydrogen Peroxide; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Malondialdehyde; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; NADP