beta-carotene and Dyslipidemias

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; beta Carotene; Bile Acids and Salts; Carotenoids; Caspase 3; Cholesterol; Cytokines; Diet, High-Fat; Dyslipidemias; Fatty Acids; Focal Adhesion Kinase 2; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-6; Lipopolysaccharides; Lipoproteins, HDL; Lipoproteins, LDL; Liver; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Obese; Nerve Growth Factors; PPAR alpha; Proteomics; Signal Transduction; Triglycerides; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of retinol, beta-carotene, and alpha-tocopherol serum concentrations in adolescents with dyslipidemia. A case series dyslipidemia study was conducted, with an attached control group, including 104 adolescents of public schools in Recife during the months of March/April 2013. Retinol, beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol serum concentrations were analysed by high efficiency liquid chromatography. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical and biochemical variables were analysed. Dyslipidemic adolescents had high serum concentrations of both retinol (p=0.007) and beta-carotene/apolipoprotein A-I ratio (p=0.034); they also had low concentrations of beta-carotene/total cholesterol (p<0.0001) and beta-carotene/apolipoprotein B ratios (p=0.033) when compared to the controls. The alpha-tocopherol serum status was not associated with dyslipidemia. Overweight, abdominal obesity, lipid profile markers, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were more prevalent in dyslipidemic adolescents. The findings show an association between vitamin A and dyslipidemia in adolescents. However, additional investigations of this risk group are necessary to clarify the mechanisms of action of this nutrient in the pathogenesis of this syndrome, aiming at reducing cardiometabolic risks as of earlier ages.

Topics: Adolescent; alpha-Tocopherol; Apolipoprotein A-I; Apolipoproteins B; beta Carotene; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Brazil; Child; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diet; Dyslipidemias; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Obesity; Overweight; Socioeconomic Factors; Vitamin A; Waist Circumference; Young Adult

To assess serum retinol and levels of carotenoids in children and adolescents with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and to correlate low serum retinol and carotenoid levels with the presence of lipodystrophy, lipid profile changes, lipid peroxidation, and insulin resistance.. A cross-sectional, controlled observational study was carried out with 30 children and adolescents with AIDS (mean age 9.1 y) receiving antiretroviral therapy (median length of treatment 28.4 mo), including 30 uninfected healthy controls matched for age and gender. Clinical and laboratory assessments were performed to determine nutritional status, presence of lipodystrophy, serum concentrations of retinol, beta-carotene, lycopene, lipid profile (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerols), lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances), glycemia, and serum insulin (homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, cutoff point >3). Statistical analysis was done with chi-square test and Student's t test.. Lipodystrophy was observed in 53.3% of patients with AIDS, and dyslipidemia was detected in 60% and 23% of subjects with human immunodeficiency virus and control subjects, respectively (P = 0.004). A higher prevalence of retinol deficiency (60% versus 26.7%, P = 0.009) and beta-carotene deficiency (23.3% versus 3.3%, P = 0.026) was found in the group with human immunodeficiency virus than in the control group. No correlation was found for low retinol and beta-carotene levels, changes in lipid and glucose metabolism, or lipodystrophy in children and adolescents with AIDS.. Despite the high frequency of dyslipidemia, lipodystrophy, and retinol and beta-carotene deficiencies, it was not possible to demonstrate a correlation of these findings with lipid peroxidation and insulin resistance. More studies are needed to investigate the causes of retinol and beta-carotene deficiencies in this population and the clinical consequences of these findings.

Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adolescent; Anti-Retroviral Agents; beta Carotene; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dyslipidemias; Female; HIV; HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Lipid Metabolism; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Oxidative Stress; Prevalence; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency

Few studies have examined the relationship among carotid atherosclerosis, vascular risk factors, and antioxidant plasma concentrations, and those that have reported conflicting results. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis, as defined by carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and inflammatory markers, plasma lipids and serum antioxidant vitamins.. We examined baseline characteristics of the 640 participants in the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerotic Disease In Manfredonia Study. All participants were asymptomatic with respect to carotid artery disease in 2006-2007 and underwent physical examination with carotid ultrasound investigation, the collection of medical history and laboratory data. Analysis of variance methods were used to examine differences between participants by category of CIMT. Of the 640 participants, 291 did not have evidence of carotid atherosclerosis (CIMT<0.8 mm), 232 were found to have some atherosclerosis (0.8 mm< or =CIMT<1.2 mm), and 117 were found to have extensive atherosclerosis (CIMT>1.2 mm). Among participants with CIMT> or =0.8 mm, body mass index, blood pressures, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen were significantly higher, whereas concentrations of vitamin A, vitamin E, lycopene, and beta-carotene were all significantly lower when compared with participants who did not show evidence of carotid atherosclerosis (P<0.001).. The optimal control of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, in addition to smoking cessation and an adequate intake of antioxidant micronutrients from foods represent a key for the prevention of atherosclerotic disease.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antioxidants; beta Carotene; Biomarkers; Carotenoids; Carotid Arteries; Carotid Artery Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Complications; Dyslipidemias; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Inflammation Mediators; Italy; Lipids; Lycopene; Male; Middle Aged; Nutritional Status; Odds Ratio; Prospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Smoking; Tunica Intima; Tunica Media; Ultrasonography; Vitamin A; Vitamin E; Vitamins