beta-carotene and Bacterial-Infections

Cystic fibrosis is a multi-system disease characterised by the production of thick secretions causing recurrent pulmonary infection, often with unusual bacteria. This leads to lung destruction and eventually death through respiratory failure. There are no antibiotics in development that exert a new mode of action and many of the current antibiotics are ineffective in eradicating the bacteria once chronic infection is established. Antibiotic adjuvants - therapies that act by rendering the organism more susceptible to attack by antibiotics or the host immune system, by rendering it less virulent or killing it by other means, would be a significant therapeutic advance. This is an update of a previously published review.. To determine if antibiotic adjuvants improve clinical and microbiological outcome of pulmonary infection in people with cystic fibrosis.. We searched the Cystic Fibrosis Trials Register which is compiled from database searches, hand searches of appropriate journals and conference proceedings. Date of most recent search: 16 January 2020. We also searched MEDLINE (all years) on 14 February 2019 and ongoing trials registers on 06 April 2020.. Randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised controlled trials of a therapy exerting an antibiotic adjuvant mechanism of action compared to placebo or no therapy for people with cystic fibrosis.. Two of the authors independently assessed and extracted data from identified trials.. We identified 42 trials of which eight (350 participants) that examined antibiotic adjuvant therapies are included. Two further trials are ongoing and five are awaiting classification. The included trials assessed β-carotene (one trial, 24 participants), garlic (one trial, 34 participants), KB001-A (a monoclonal antibody) (two trials, 196 participants), nitric oxide (two trials, 30 participants) and zinc supplementation (two trials, 66 participants). The zinc trials recruited children only, whereas the remaining trials recruited both adults and children. Three trials were located in Europe, one in Asia and four in the USA. Three of the interventions measured our primary outcome of pulmonary exacerbations (β-carotene, mean difference (MD) -8.00 (95% confidence interval (CI) -18.78 to 2.78); KB001-A, risk ratio (RR) 0.25 (95% CI 0.03 to 2.40); zinc supplementation, RR 1.85 (95% CI 0.65 to 5.26). β-carotene and KB001-A may make little or no difference to the number of exacerbations experienced (low-quality evidence); whereas, given the moderate-quality evidence we found that zinc probably makes no difference to this outcome. Respiratory function was measured in all of the included trials. β-carotene and nitric oxide may make little or no difference to forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV. We could not identify an antibiotic adjuvant therapy that we could recommend for treating of lung infection in people with cystic fibrosis. The emergence of increasingly resistant bacteria makes the reliance on antibiotics alone challenging for cystic fibrosis teams. There is a need to explore alternative strategies, such as the use of adjuvant therapies. Further research is required to provide future therapeutic options.. پیشینه: فیبروز سیستیک یک بیماری چند سیستمی است که مشخصه آن، تولید ترشحات ضخیمی است که باعث عفونت مکرر ریوی، غالبا با باکتری‌های غیرمعمول می‌شود. این وضعیت منجر به تخریب ریه و در نهایت مرگ در اثر نارسایی تنفسی می‌شود. هیچ آنتی‌بیوتیک در حال توسعه‌ای وجود ندارد که دارای یک روش جدید عملکرد باشد و بسیاری از آنتی‌بیوتیک‌های فعلی، در ریشه‌کن کردن باکتری‌ها پس از استقرار عفونت مزمن بی‌اثر هستند. داروهای کمک کننده به آنتی‌بیوتیک ‐ درمان‌هایی که ارگانیسم را با حساس‌تر کردن آن به حمله آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها یا سیستم ایمنی بدن میزبان، یا با کاهش بیماری‌زایی آن یا کشتن آن با روش‌های دیگر تسلیم می‌کند، پیشرفت درمانی قابل‌توجهی خواهد بود. این یک به‌روزرسانی از مرور منتشر شده قبلی است. اهداف: تعیین اینکه داروهای کمک کننده به آنتی‌بیوتیک باعث بهبود پیامد بالینی و میکروبیولوژیکی عفونت ریوی در افراد مبتلا به فیبروز سیستیک می‌شوند یا خیر. روش‌های جست‌وجو: ما پایگاه ثبت کارآزمایی‌های گروه فیبروز سیستیک در کاکرین را جست‌وجو کردیم که شامل جست‌وجوها در بانک‌های اطلاعاتی و جست‌وجوی دستی در مجلات و کتاب چکیده مقالات کنفرانس‌های مرتبط بود. تاریخ آخرین جست‌وجو: 16 ژانویه 2020. ما همچنین MEDLINE (همه سال‌ها) را در 14 فوریه 2019 و پایگاه‌های ثبت کارآزمایی‌های در حال انجام را در 6 اپریل 2020 جست‌وجو کردیم. معیارهای انتخاب: کارآزمایی‌های تصادفی‌سازی و کنترل شده و کارآزمایی‌های شبه‐تصادفی‌سازی و کنترل شده حاوی استفاده از یک درمان با مکانیسم عملکرد کمک به آنتی‌بیوتیک، در مقایسه با دارونما (placebo) یا عدم درمان برای مبتلایان به فیبروز سیستیک. گردآوری و تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها: دو نفر از نویسندگان به‌طور مستقل از هم، داده‌های به دست آمده از کارآزمایی‌های شناسایی شده را ارزیابی و استخراج کردند. نتایج اصلی: ما 42 کارآزمایی را شناسایی کردیم که از این میان، هشت (350 شرکت‌کننده) کارآزمایی وارد شدند که درمان‌های کمک کننده به آنتی‌بیوتیک را مورد بررسی قرار دادند. دو کارآزمایی دیگر در حال انجام و پنج مورد در انتظار طبقه‌بندی هستند. کارآزمایی‌های وارد شده به بررسی β‐ کاروتن (یک کارآزمایی، 24 شرکت‌کننده)، سیر (یک کارآزمایی، 34 شرکت‌کننده)، KB001‐A (یک آنتی‌بادی مونوکلونال) (دو کارآزمایی، 196 شرکت‌کننده)، نیتریک اکسید (دو کارآزمایی، 30 شرکت‌کننده) و مکمل زینک (دو کارآزمایی، 66 شرکت‌کننده) پرداختند. کارآزمایی‌های زینک فقط روی کودکان انجام شدند، در حالی که کارآزمایی‌های باقی‌مانده هم بزرگسالان و هم کودکان را جذب کردند. سه کارآزمایی در اروپا، یک مورد در آسیا و چهار مورد در ایالات متحده انجام شدند. سه مورد از مداخلات، پیامد اولیه ما را که تشدیدهای حملات ریوی بودند، اندازه‌گیری کردند (β‐کاروتن، تفاوت میانگین (MD): 8.00‐ (95% فاصله اطمینان (CI): 18.78‐ تا 2.78)؛ KB001‐A، خطر نسبی (RR): 0.25؛ (95% CI؛ 0.03 تا 2.40)؛

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Bacterial Infections; beta Carotene; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Disease Progression; Garlic; Humans; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; Lung Diseases; Nitric Oxide; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Vitamins; Young Adult; Zinc

Cystic fibrosis is a multi-system disease characterised by the production of thick secretions causing recurrent pulmonary infection, often with unusual bacteria. This leads to lung destruction and eventually death through respiratory failure. There are no antibiotics in development that exert a new mode of action and many of the current antibiotics are ineffective in eradicating the bacteria once chronic infection is established. Antibiotic adjuvants - therapies that act by rendering the organism more susceptible to attack by antibiotics or the host immune system, by rendering it less virulent or killing it by other means, are urgently needed.. To determine if antibiotic adjuvants improve clinical and microbiological outcome of pulmonary infection in people with cystic fibrosis.. We searched the Cystic Fibrosis Trials Register which is compiled from database searches, hand searches of appropriate journals and conference proceedings.Date of most recent search: 26 July 2012.We also searched MEDLINE (all years) on 23 February 2013 and ongoing trials registers on 13 February 2013.. Randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised controlled trials of a therapy exerting an antibiotic adjuvant mechanism of action compared to placebo or no therapy for people with cystic fibrosis.. The authors independently assessed and extracted data from identified studies.. We identified eighteen studies of which four are included that examined antibiotic adjuvant therapies, three studies are ongoing. The included studies involve the assessment of β-carotene, garlic and zinc supplementation and KB001 (a biological agent). No therapy demonstrated a significant effect upon pulmonary function, pulmonary exacerbations or quality of life. The study of zinc supplementation reports a reduction in the requirement of oral antibiotics but not of intravenous antibiotics, an effect that is difficult to understand. . We could not identify an antibiotic adjuvant therapy that could be recommended for the treatment of lung infection in those with cystic fibrosis. The emergence of increasingly resistant bacteria makes the reliance on antibiotics alone challenging for cystic fibrosis teams. There is a need to explore alternative strategies, such as the use of adjuvant therapies. Further research is required to provide future therapeutic options.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Bacterial Infections; beta Carotene; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Cystic Fibrosis; Garlic; Humans; Lung Diseases; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Vitamins; Zinc

To assess the effect of oral supplementation with fully oxidised β-carotene (OxBC) on bacteriological cure, the incidence of clinical mastitis, and somatic cell counts (SCC) in pasture-fed cows with subclinical intramammary infection.. Cows from four dairy herds were enrolled in early lactation if they had quarter-level SCC >200,000 cells/mL and they had a recognised bacterial intramammary pathogen in one or more quarters. They were randomly assigned to be individually fed from Day 0, for a mean of 40 days, with 0.5 kg of a cereal-based supplementary feed that either contained 300 mg of OxBC (treatment; n = 129 quarters) or did not (control; n = 135 quarters). Quarter-milk samples were collected on Days 21 and 42 for microbiology and SCC assessment. Bacteriological cure was defined as having occurred when the bacteria present on Day 0 were not isolated from samples collected on Days 21 or 42. A new intramammary infection was defined as a bacterial species isolated either on Day 21 or 42 differing from that isolated on Day 0. Clinical mastitis was diagnosed and recorded by herdowners up to Day 42.. The bacteriological cure rate was greater for quarters from cows in the treatment group (13.9 (95% CI = 4.1-23.7)%) than for cows in the control group (6.9 (95% CI = 4.8-9.1)%; p = 0.02). The percentage of quarters that developed a new intramammary infection at Day 21 or 42 was greater for cows in the treatment group (17.9 (95% CI = 6.7-29.1)%) than for cows in the control group (13.0 (95% CI = 4.3-21.8)%; p < 0.01). The prevalence of quarters that were infected on Day 42 was less in cows in the treatment group (79.9 (95% CI = 62.3-97.6)%) than the control group (88.2 (95% CI = 78.4-97.9)%; p = 0.009). The incidence of quarters diagnosed with clinical mastitis by Day 42 was lower in cows from the treatment group (1/129 (0.78 (95% CI = 0.02-4.24)%)) than in cows from the control group (6/135 (4.44 (95% CI = 1.65-9.42)%; p = 0.03)). Mean quarter-level SCC was not statistically different between treatment groups (p = 0.34).. Feeding 300 mg/cow/day of OxBC resulted in a higher bacteriological cure rate, a lower prevalence of intramammary infection, and a lower incidence of clinical mastitis compared to untreated controls. However new intramammary infections increased in treated cows, and the magnitude of the increased bacteriological cure was low, resulting in 80% of cows remaining infected at Day 42. Therefore treatment with OxBC should be considered as an adjunct to other mastitis control measures.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; beta Carotene; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cell Count; Female; Lactation; Mammary Glands, Animal; Mastitis; Mastitis, Bovine; Milk

To investigate whether chronic bacterial prostatitis might increase oxidative stress and oxidative damage in chronic bacterial prostatitis patients (CBPP), and to explore its possible mechanism.. Enrolled in a case-control study were 70 randomly sampled CBPP and 70 randomly sampled healthy adult volunteers (HAV), on whom plasma nitric oxide (NO), vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE) and beta-carotene (beta-CAR) level, erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA) level, as well as erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities were determined by spectrophotometry.. Compared with the HAV group, values of plasma NO and erythrocyte MDA in the CBPP group were significantly increased (P < 0.001); those of plasma VC, VE and beta-CAR as well as erythrocyte SOD, CAT and GPX activities in the CBPP group were significantly decreased (P < 0.001). Findings from partial correlation for the 70 CBPP showed that with prolonged course of disease, values of NO and MDA were gradually increased (P < 0.001), and those of VC, VE, beta-CAR, SOD, CAT and GPX were gradually decreased (P < 0.05-0.001). The findings from stepwise regression for the 70 CBPP suggested that the model was Y = -13.2077 + 0.1894MDA + 0.0415NO - 0.1999GPX, F = 18.2047, P < 0.001, r = 0.6729, P < 0.001.. The findings suggest that there exist increased oxidative stress and oxidative damage induced by chronic bacterial prostatitis in the patients, and such phenomenon was closely related to the course of disease.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Bacterial Infections; beta Carotene; Case-Control Studies; Catalase; Erythrocytes; Glutathione Peroxidase; Humans; Male; Malondialdehyde; Nitric Oxide; Oxidative Stress; Prostatitis; Reference Values; Superoxide Dismutase; Vitamin E

We sought to prospectively assess whether self-reported periodontal disease is associated with subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease in a large population of male physicians.. Periodontal disease, the result of a complex interplay of bacterial infection and chronic inflammation, has been suggested to be a predictor of cardiovascular disease.. Physicians' Health Study I was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of aspirin and beta-carotene in 22,071 U.S. male physicians. A total of 22,037 physicians provided self-reports of presence or absence of periodontal disease at study entry and were included in this analysis.. A total of 2,653 physicians reported a personal history of periodontal disease at baseline. During an average of 12.3 years of follow-up, there were 797 nonfatal myocardial infarctions, 631 nonfatal strokes and 614 cardiovascular deaths. Thus, for each end point, the study had >90% power to detect a clinically important increased risk of 50%. In Cox proportional hazards regression analysis adjusted for age and treatment assignment, physicians who reported periodontal disease at baseline had slightly elevated, but statistically nonsignificant, relative risks (RR) of nonfatal myocardial infarction, (RR, 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92 to 1.36), nonfatal stroke (RR, 1.10; CI, 0.88 to 1.37) and cardiovascular death (RR, 1.20; CI, 0.97 to 1.49). Relative risk for a combined end point of all important cardiovascular events (first occurrence of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke or cardiovascular death) was 1.13 (CI, 0.99 to 1.28). After adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors, RRs were all attenuated and nonsignificant.. These prospective data suggest that self-reported periodontal disease is not an independent predictor of subsequent cardiovascular disease in middle-aged to elderly men.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspirin; Bacterial Infections; beta Carotene; Cause of Death; Coronary Disease; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontitis; Physicians; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors

We investigated the activity of glutathione peroxidase in whole blood; concentrations of vitamin E, vitamin A, and beta-carotene in serum; SCC; udder bacterial infections and the incidence of clinical mastitis; fertility treatments; and the success of first AI of 511 dairy cows for 1 yr. The mean Se content in whole blood and the concentrations of vitamin E, vitamin A, and beta-carotene concentrations in serum were 191 micrograms/L, 5.9 mg/L, 0.39 mg/L, and 12.9 mg/L, respectively. An increase in Se concentration in whole blood was associated with a decrease in all infections, including infections by Staphylococcus aureus, Actinomyces pyogenes, and Corynebacterium spp. (-17.7, -31.7, and -70.6%, respectively). There was no association among the different infections or SCC and concentrations of vitamin E, vitamin A, or beta-carotene, but an association existed between vitamin A concentration and SCC. The lower Se concentration in whole blood did not increase incidence of clinical mastitis. The Se concentration in whole blood (200 micrograms/L) was accepted as a target value to optimize udder health. The incidence of fertility disorders (anestrus, subestrus, cystic ovaries, or delayed ovulation) was 34.4%. The pregnancy rate following first insemination was 48.6%. No significant association was observed among Se in whole blood; concentrations of total vitamin E, vitamin A, or beta-carotene in serum; and fertility disorders or success of first AI.

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Infections; beta Carotene; Cattle; Cell Count; Female; Fertility; Glutathione Peroxidase; Mammary Glands, Animal; Mastitis, Bovine; Milk; Pregnancy; Reproductive Techniques; Selenium; Vitamin A; Vitamin E

Vitamin A may play a role systemically and locally in controlling intra-abdominal sepsis. Adult male rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 ate a standard rat laboratory chow (not vitamin A deficient), group 2 ate the same chow supplemented with vitamin A, and group 3 ate the chow supplemented with beta carotene. All animals underwent cecal ligation, and the cecum was perforated either with a 27-gauge or an 18-gauge needle. Vitamin A dietary supplementation had a significant protective effect, which was manifested by improved survival in the animals whose cecum was perforated with an 18-gauge needle, prevention of postoperative hypothermia, maintenance of peripheral WBC counts at normal or above-normal values, and better localization of the intra-abdominal inflammatory process. Dietary supplementation with beta carotene had a lesser protective effect.

Topics: Abdomen; Abscess; Animals; Bacterial Infections; beta Carotene; Carotenoids; Male; Peritoneal Diseases; Peritonitis; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Surgical Wound Infection; Vitamin A; Wound Healing

Topics: Animal Husbandry; Animals; Bacterial Infections; beta Carotene; Carotenoids; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Diet; Female; Infertility; Lactation; Male; Pregnancy; Soil