bephenium-hydroxynaphthoate and Ancylostomiasis

The anthelmintic pyrantel plays an important role in the control of gastrointestinal helminths of humans and domestic animals. Despite the demonstration of pyrantel resistance in several helminth species over the last 20 years, the resistance mechanism remains unclear. It has been hypothesized that resistance may arise as a consequence of changes to the relative proportions of subpopulations of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchRs). To test this hypothesis, we examined the responses of two isolates of the canine hookworm Ancylostoma caninum with low-level resistance (isolate NT) and high-level resistance (isolate PR) to pyrantel to nicotinic agonist drugs reported to be selective for three nAchR subtypes. We used larval motility and conformation assays and force transduction experiments with adult worms. Pyrantel and levamisole were less potent against larvae of isolate PR than larvae of isolate NT (up to an 18-fold increase in the 50% inhibitory concentration); on the other hand, bephenium was more potent against larvae of isolate PR than larvae of isolate NT (twofold) and nicotine had the same potency against larvae of both isolates. In adults, pyrantel, levamisole, and nicotine were less potent against isolate PR than isolate NT (two- to threefold), but the potency of bephenium against the two isolates was equivalent. Our data indicate a complex pattern of nAchRs in this species and suggest that the two isolates differ in their relative sensitivities to agonists targeting different nAchRs.

Topics: Ancylostoma; Ancylostomiasis; Animals; Antinematodal Agents; Bephenium Compounds; Dogs; Drug Resistance; Female; Humans; Larva; Levamisole; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Phenotype; Pyrantel; Receptors, Nicotinic

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Albendazole; Ancylostomiasis; Anthelmintics; Benzimidazoles; Bephenium Compounds; Child; Community Health Services; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Necatoriasis; Nigeria; Parasite Egg Count; Rural Population; Seasons

Topics: Adolescent; Ancylostoma; Ancylostomiasis; Anemia; Animals; Ascariasis; Bephenium Compounds; Blood Pressure Determination; Child; Drug Therapy; Egypt; Female; Helminths; Hepatomegaly; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Kidney Function Tests; Liver Function Tests; Pregnancy; Schistosoma; Splenomegaly; Tetrachloroethylene; Toxicology; Trichostrongyloidiasis; Trichuriasis; Vomiting

Topics: Ancylostomiasis; Bephenium Compounds; Biomedical Research; Communicable Diseases; Drug Therapy; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Tetrachloroethylene; Toxicology

Topics: Ancylostomatoidea; Ancylostomiasis; Animals; Ascariasis; Bephenium Compounds; Biomedical Research; Child; Dosage Forms; Drug Therapy; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Naphthalenes; Nematode Infections; Pakistan; Toxicology; Tropical Medicine

Topics: Ancylostomiasis; Bephenium Compounds; Hookworm Infections; Humans

Topics: Ancylostomiasis; Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Bephenium Compounds; Hemoglobinometry; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Iron

Topics: Ancylostomiasis; Anthelmintics; Bephenium Compounds; Hookworm Infections

Topics: Ancylostomiasis; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Anthelmintics; Bephenium Compounds; Egypt; Hookworm Infections

Topics: Ancylostomiasis; Anthelmintics; Bephenium Compounds; Hookworm Infections

Topics: Ancylostomiasis; Anthelmintics; Bephenium Compounds; Hookworm Infections

Topics: Ancylostomiasis; Bephenium Compounds; Hookworm Infections

Topics: Ancylostomiasis; Anthelmintics; Ascariasis; Bephenium Compounds; Hookworm Infections; Trichuriasis

Topics: Ancylostomatoidea; Ancylostomiasis; Animals; Anthelmintics; Ascariasis; Ascaris; Bephenium Compounds; Hookworm Infections; Trichuriasis; Trichuris

Topics: Ancylostomiasis; Anthelmintics; Bephenium Compounds; Child; Hookworm Infections; Infant

Topics: Ancylostomatoidea; Ancylostomiasis; Animals; Anthelmintics; Bephenium Compounds; Hookworm Infections; Parasites; Tetrachloroethylene

Topics: Ancylostomatoidea; Ancylostomiasis; Animals; Anthelmintics; Bephenium Compounds; Hookworm Infections; Pakistan

Topics: Ancylostomiasis; Anthelmintics; Bephenium Compounds; Hookworm Infections

Topics: Ancylostoma; Ancylostomiasis; Animals; Anthelmintics; Bephenium Compounds; Hookworm Infections

Topics: Ancylostomatoidea; Ancylostomiasis; Animals; Anthelmintics; Bephenium Compounds; Hookworm Infections; Sri Lanka