benazepril and Cat-Diseases

Heart disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cats, but there is limited evidence of the benefit of any medication.. The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazepril would delay the time to treatment failure in cats with heart disease of various etiologies.. One hundred fifty-one client-owned cats.. Cats with heart disease, confirmed by echocardiography, with or without clinical signs of congestive heart failure, were recruited between 2002 and 2005 and randomized to benazepril or placebo in a prospective, multicenter, parallel-group, blinded clinical trial. Benazepril (0.5-1.0 mg/kg) or placebo was administered PO once daily for up to 2 years. The primary endpoint was treatment failure. Analyses were conducted separately for all-cause treatment failure (main analysis) and heart disease-related treatment failure (supportive analysis).. No benefit of benazepril versus placebo was detected for time to all-cause treatment failure (P = .42) or time to treatment failure related to heart disease (P = .21). Hazard ratios (95% confidence interval [CI]) from multivariate analysis for benazepril compared with placebo were 1.00 (0.57-1.74) for all-cause failure, and 0.99 (0.50-1.94) for forward selection and 0.93 (0.48-1.81) for bidirectional selection models for heart disease-related failure. There were no significant differences between groups over time after administration of the test articles in left atrium diameter, left ventricle wall thickness, quality of life scores, adverse events, or plasma biochemistry or hematology variables.. Benazepril was tolerated well in cats with heart disease, but no evidence of benefit was detected.

Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Benzazepines; Cat Diseases; Cats; Female; Heart Diseases; Male

We examined effects of an angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitor, benazepril hydrochloride (BH), on renal hypertension and chronic renal failure (CRF) in cats. For experimental CRF, healthy cats (n=5) underwent 7/8 renal ablation. After renal insufficiency and hypertension were confirmed by blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, creatinine clearance and telemetric recording of systemic blood pressure, BH was administered orally once daily at 0.9 to 2.0 mg/kg/day for 2 to 3 weeks. Within 2 months after renal ablation, renal failure and hypertension developed as evidenced by significant increases in BUN, serum creatinine and systemic blood pressure (p<0.01 or 0.05) and significantly decreased creatinine clearance accompanied by elevated plasma renin activity, angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone (p<0.01 or 0.05). BH administration corrected systemic hypertension (p<0.05) and significantly reduced angiotensin II and aldosterone (p<0.05). Upon discontinuation of BH, these values returned to the pre-administration levels. Studies on spontaneous CRF enrolled 11 cats with spontaneously occurring CRF. BH was administered orally to 6 cats once daily for 24 weeks at a final dose of 1.0 mg/kg/day, while 5 cats served as control. BH administration reduced serum creatinine and urinary protein concentration in every cat. Results demonstrate that in cats, loss of renal mass leads to activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and associated renal hypertension, and indicate that BH is effective in correcting renal hypertension and may provide renal benefits to cats with CRF.

Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Benzazepines; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male

Twenty-one cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were enrolled in this study to determine if the administration of benazepril (0.5 mg/kg body weight [BW], PO, q24h) to cats with subclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy improves cardiac diastolic function and reverses left ventricular hypertrophy when compared with diltiazem controlled delivery (CD) (10 mg/kg BW, PO, q24h). Cats were evaluated at day 0 and after 3 and 6 months of therapy. In the benazepril group (n = 11), the diastolic transmitral flow of the E and A waves ratio (E/A ratio) increased significantly between 0 and 6 months (P = 0.009) and the thickness of the left ventricular free wall in systole (LVFWs) decreased significantly between 0 and 3 months (P = 0.04). In the diltiazem CD group (n = 5), none of the parameters varied significantly throughout the study. There was no difference between the benazepril and the diltiazem CD group throughout the study. Therefore, the variations observed for the E/A ratio and the LVFWs may have been incidental. Further studies will be needed to establish the role of benazepril in subclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cat.

Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzazepines; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Cat Diseases; Cats; Diltiazem; Double-Blind Method; Echocardiography; Female; Male; Prospective Studies; Treatment Outcome

The effect of renal insufficiency was studied on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor benazepril in cats. The active metabolite of benazepril, benazeprilat, is eliminated principally ( approximately 85%) via biliary excretion in cats. A total of 20 control animals and 32 cats with moderate renal insufficiency induced by partial nephrectomy were used. Assessments were made at steady state after treatment with placebo or benazepril (0.25-2 mg/kg) once daily for a minimum of 10 days. The PK endpoint was the AUC (0-->24 h) of total plasma benazeprilat. The PD endpoints were systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures (respectively SBP, DBP and MBP) measured by telemetry, and plasma ACE activity, assessed by an ex vivo assay. Renal function was assessed by glomerular filtration rate (GFR), measured by inulin clearance, and plasma creatinine concentrations (1/PCr). As compared with control animals, the renal insufficient cats had a 78% reduction in GFR (0.57 +/- 0.41 mL/min kg), increased plasma creatinine (2.7 +/- 1.0 mg/dL), urea (44.0 +/- 11.9 mg/dL) and ACE activity, and moderately increased blood pressure (SBP 171.8 +/- 5.1 mmHg) (all parameters P < 0.05). Renal insufficient cats receiving benazepril had significantly (P < 0.05) lower SBP, DBP, MBP and ACE, and higher GFR values as compared with placebo-treated animals. There were no significant differences in SBP, DBP, MBP, benazeprilat or ACE values according to the degree of renal insufficiency in cats receiving benazepril. It is concluded that no dose adjustment of benazepril is necessary in cats with moderate renal insufficiency.

Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Area Under Curve; Benzazepines; Blood Pressure; Cat Diseases; Cats; Creatinine; Female; Kidney; Kidney Function Tests; Male; Renal Insufficiency

We compared the natural multicomponent, multitarget therapy SUC (Solidago compositum ad us. vet., Ubichinon compositum and Coenzyme compositum, Heel GmbH, Baden-Baden, Germany) to the well-known angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazepril in a prospective, observational, nonrandomized, two-arm cohort study of cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The objective was to assess the tolerability and the effectiveness of SUC in cats with CKD.. One hundred thirty-six cats were screened for CKD, and 70 cats were eligible for the study. Thirty-three cats were assigned to the SUC treatment, and 35 cats received benazepril. All cats were diagnosed with CKD. The follow-up period was 168 days. Response was assessed as an improved or stable serum creatinine from baseline to the end of the study. Additionally, a clinical summary score, as measure of quality of life, was evaluated.. Serum creatinine remained close to baseline in both study groups with slightly improved values in the SUC group. The clinical summary score improved significantly in the SUC group on days 3, 7, 28, 56 and 112, but not on day 168.. Within the limitations of the study, the results carry implications for the usefulness of SUC as an interesting new treatment option for feline CKD. The results indicate that SUC might be more effective if given at least twice weekly.. Hintergrund: Es wurde die Multicomponent-Multitarget-Therapie SUC (Solidago compositum ad us. vet., Ubichinon compositum und Coenzym compositum, Heel GmbH, Baden-Baden, Deutschland) mit dem bekannten Angiotensin-Converting-Enzym-Inhibitor (ACEI) Benazepril in einer prospektiven, nichtrandomisierten, zweiarmigen Kohortenstudie an Katzen mit chronischer Nierenerkrankung (CNE) untersucht. Ziel war es, die Verträglichkeit und Wirksamkeit von SUC bei Katzen mit CNE zu beurteilen. Material und Methoden: Einhundertsechsunddreißig Katzen mit Verdacht auf CNE wurden untersucht, bei 70 Katzen wurde eine CNE diagnostiziert und diese wurden in die Studie aufgenommen. Dreiunddreißig Katzen wurden mit SUC therapiert und 35 Katzen erhielten Benazepril. Der Beobachtungszeitraum betrug 168 Tage. Das Ansprechen auf die Therapie wurde definiert als ein verbessertes bzw. ein stabiles Serumkreatinin am Ende der Studie im Vergleich zum Ausgangswert. Zusätzlich wurde zur Bewertung der Lebensqualität der Katzen ein klinischer Summenscore erfasst. Ergebnisse: Das Kreatinin blieb in beiden Studiengruppen nahezu unverändert, mit geringgradig niedrigeren Werten in der SUC-Gruppe. Der klinische Summenscore verbesserte sich in der SUC-Gruppe im Vergleich zur Benazepril-Gruppe signifikant an den Tagen 3, 28, 56 und 112, nicht aber am Tag 168. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass SUC eine neuartige und gut verträgliche Behandlungsalternative zu ACEIs bei Katzen mit leichter bis mittelschwerer CNE darstellt. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass eine zweimal wöchentliche Therapie mit SUC effektiver sein könnte als eine Dosierung einmal pro Woche.

Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Benzazepines; Cat Diseases; Cats; Female; Male; Prospective Studies; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

To investigate factors associated with long-term visual outcome in cats with hypertensive chorioretinopathy.. Eighty-eight client-owned cats diagnosed with hypertensive chorioretinopathy.. Medical records from cats with systemic hypertension and associated retinal lesions were reviewed.. Most cats (61%) were blind in both eyes at presentation. Presence of menace response at last follow-up evaluation was positively correlated with presence of menace response at presentation (P = .0025), time to complete retinal reattachment (P < .0001), and gender (P = .0137). Seventy-six of 132 eyes (57.6%) that were blind at presentation regained some vision following treatment. At the time of last evaluation, 101/176 eyes (60%) had a positive menace response, while 34/46 (74%) eyes with a follow-up of >6 months had a positive menace response. Eyes that had a menace response at presentation were 17 and 37 times more likely to have a menace response at last examination compared to eyes blind for less than 2 weeks and eyes blind greater than 2 weeks, respectively. Female cats were overrepresented (62.5% of cases), and male cats were 4.2 times more likely to be visual at time of last examination compared to female cats.. With treatment, the prognosis for long-term vision in cats with hypertensive chorioretinopathy, even following complete retinal detachment, is good.

Topics: Amlodipine; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzazepines; Blindness; Cat Diseases; Cats; Choroid Diseases; Female; Hypertension; Hypertensive Retinopathy; Male; Prognosis; Treatment Outcome; Vision, Ocular

A 14-year-old Persian cat was referred for evaluation of the progression of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) after an acute episode of congestive heart failure. The diagnosis of HCM had been made almost 13 years ago. Echocardiography and electrocardiography revealed end-stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and multifocal atrial tachycardia. The patient was discharged on medical management with a grave prognosis.

Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Atenolol; Benzazepines; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Cardiotonic Agents; Cat Diseases; Cats; Clopidogrel; Diuretics; Furosemide; Male; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyridazines; Ticlopidine

A 10-year-old cat with the paresis of hind limbs was initially diagnosed as a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy followed by acute thromboembolism of caudal abdominal aorta from the findings of the medical examinations. However, this case was proved to be an chronic myocardial infarction due to arteriosclerosis of coronary arteries by the pathologic diagnosis. In the left ventricular, the hypertrophy and the narrowing were slight, and a coagulative infarction was seen obviously. The intramural coronary arteriosclerosis showed thickening of the wall due to medial hyperplasia by fibrosis, and arterial stenosis. Myocardial infarction and arteriosclerosis are scarcely any reports of these lesions in cats. This case is valuable for an extremely rare case of myocardial infarction in the cat.

Topics: Animals; Aorta, Abdominal; Benzazepines; Cat Diseases; Cats; Coronary Artery Disease; Diltiazem; Dipyridamole; Echocardiography, Doppler; Electrocardiography; Fatal Outcome; Myocardial Infarction; Propranolol; Thromboembolism

To determine effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor benazepril in cats with induced renal insufficiency.. 32 cats.. Renal mass was surgically reduced, and cats were assigned to 1 of 4 eight-cat groups. Group 1 received placebo, whereas groups 2, 3, and 4 received benazepril hydrochloride orally once daily for approximately 6.5 months at the following doses: group 2, 0.25 to 0.50 mg/kg of body weight; group 3, 0.50 to 1.00 mg/kg; and group 4, 1.00 to 2.00 mg/kg. Arterial blood pressures, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and renal plasma flow were determined before treatment and during the treatment period. Other determinants of renal hemodynamics were measured by use of micropuncture techniques. Renal biopsy specimens were examined microscopically.. Compared with cats that received placebo, mean systolic arterial blood pressure was significantly less and GFR significantly greater in cats that received benazepril. Glomerular capillary pressure and the ratio of efferent to afferent arteriolar vascular resistance were also significantly less in treated cats. However, histologic differences in renal specimens were not detected.. Treatment with benazepril sustained single nephron GFR in remnant nephrons of cats with induced renal insufficiency. Administration of benazepril was also associated with a small but significant reduction in degree of systemic hypertension and an increase in whole kidney GFR. Benazepril may be an effective treatment to slow the rate of progression of renal failure in cats with renal disease.

Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Benzazepines; Blood Pressure; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Cat Diseases; Cats; Creatinine; Echocardiography; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Heart Rate; Hypertension, Renal; Kidney Diseases; Male; Random Allocation; Renal Plasma Flow; Telemetry