bassianolide and Anisakiasis

Anisakidosis is a foodborne zoonotic infection induced by members of the family Anisakidae via the consumption of raw or undercooked fish such as sushi and sashimi. Identifying anisakid larval species is critical for the epidemiology and diagnosis of diseases caused by them. This study aimed at identifying Anisakis larvae collected from marine fish in Egyptian waters based on morphological characteristics and molecular analysis. Thirty marine fish coral trout, Plectropomus areolatus, were collected from Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt, to investigate larval nematodes of the genus Anisakis. The larvae were detected encapsulated in the peritoneal cavity and muscle of the fish host. This examination revealed that anisakid larvae naturally infected 19 fish specimens with a prevalence of 63.33% and a mean intensity of 4.1 ± 0.40. Most of them (68 larvae: 71.57%) were found in the musculature. Morphological and morphometric analyses using light and scanning electron microscopy revealed a head region with a prominent boring tooth, inconspicuous lips, and a characteristic protruded cylindrical mucron. All larvae in this study possessed the same morphology as Anisakis Larval type I. Molecular analysis based on ITS region using maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic methods confirmed them as Anisakis typica. This is the first study to identify A. typica larvae from the commercial fish coral trout P. areolatus in Egyptian waters using morphological and molecular methods.

Topics: Animals; Anisakiasis; Anisakis; Ascaridoidea; Bass; Bayes Theorem; Fish Diseases; Fishes; Indian Ocean; Larva; Phylogeny; Trout

We examined 151 European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) samples from farms and fish markets of Sicily (Southern Italy) for Anisakidae larvae detection. All the samples were examined by visual inspection and modified chloro-peptic digestion. Two nematode larvae were found in the viscera of only one European sea bass sample from a farm located in Greece (FAO 37.3), giving a total prevalence of infestation of 0.7%. No other parasites were found after chloro-peptic digestion of the samples. The larvae were morphologically ascribed, at genus level, to morphotypes I and molecularly identified as Anisakis pegreffii. To the best if our knowledge, this is the first report on the presence of anisakid parasites in farmed European sea bass of Mediterranean Sea. Our findings suggest that the risk of exposure to Anisakidae nematodes in farmed European sea bass remains very low. However, further data on Mediterranean farms are needed to have a detailed risk analysis.

Topics: Animals; Anisakiasis; Anisakis; Aquaculture; Bass; Fish Diseases; Fisheries; Greece; Larva; Mediterranean Sea; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sicily

This study assessed the anisakid nematode distribution pattern in the fish collected from coasts of Mediterranean Sea, Egypt, during the period September 2010-April 2011. Two hundred thirty out of 300 (76.7%) Dicentrarchus labrax (European seabass) marine fishes belonging to family Moronidae were dissected and found to be infected with larva three nematodes. The larvae had been studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. The present work represents the first record of the presence of the parasite in this fish in the Mediterranean Sea. The concentrations of some heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Fe, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni) in parasites as well as in tissues of fish were measured. The presented results showed that the nematode parasites are able to accumulate heavy metals in their tissues and in some cases that they are able to accumulate large amounts of heavy metals in a higher amount than host tissues. This demonstrated their sustainability as bioindicators of environmental pollution by removing heavy metals and help in the survival of fish.

Topics: Animals; Anisakiasis; Anisakis; Bass; Egypt; Environmental Monitoring; Fish Diseases; Larva; Mediterranean Sea; Metals, Heavy; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Water Pollutants; Water Pollution

Viscera and muscle of a total of 40 wild 1-2kg European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from Northeast Atlantic (FAO area 27) were examined for Anisakidae larvae detection by digestion method. Extracted parasites were counted and mean intensity was calculated. Parasites were identified by genetic/molecular markers (allozymes and sequences analysis of the mtDNA cox2 gene) as belonging to the species Anisakis simplex (sensu stricto). In viscera, the main localisations of the larvae were under the gastric serosa, where several parasites alive and dead were found, and intestinal serosa. The visceral prevalence was 0.950 and the mean intensity was 96.39. The main localisation of A. simplex (s.s.) in edible parts was in belly muscles, with a prevalence of 0.425 and a mean intensity of 1.9. This is the first record on the prevalence and mean intensity of A. simplex (s.s.) in European sea bass muscle. This finding has an important consequence on epidemiology of anisakiasis and public health risk assessment.

Topics: Animals; Anisakiasis; Anisakis; Atlantic Ocean; Base Sequence; Bass; DNA, Helminth; DNA, Mitochondrial; Female; Larva; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Sequence Alignment