basic-red-46 and Dermatitis--Allergic-Contact

Topics: Aged; Azo Compounds; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Occupational; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Male; p-Aminoazobenzene; Patch Tests; Phenylenediamines; Textile Industry; Textiles

Textile allergy is a well-established entity, but there are relatively few Australian reports in this area.. To report the combined experience of textile contact dermatitis from the general and occupational contact dermatitis clinics at the Skin and Cancer Foundation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.. On the basis of the clinical suspicion of textile allergy, 2069 patients were tested with a textile series.. One hundred and fifty-seven (7.6%) patients reacted to any of the textile-related allergens. The most common allergen was Basic Red 46 (20.2% of the positive reactions), followed by Disperse Blue 106 and Disperse Blue 124 (11.8% and 11.2%, respectively). Reactions to formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasing chemicals accounted for 30.6% of the concomitant reactions, and reactions to p-phenylenediamine accounted for 12.6% of the concomitant reactions. The use of Disperse Blue mix yielded only 12.2% of patients sensitive to either of these two allergens, and it is not endorsed as a screening agent for textile dye allergy.. Textile allergy is not uncommon. In Melbourne, Basic Red 46 in inexpensive, dark-coloured, acrylic-blend, men's work socks is the most important cause. It is important to test with samples of patients' clothing.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Australia; Azo Compounds; Child; Clothing; Cohort Studies; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Formaldehyde; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patch Tests; Prevalence; Textiles; Young Adult

A 41-year-old HIV-positive man presented with a 2-month history of a generalized pruritic rash, which had started on his feet. Patch testing made a diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis to the textile dye basic red 46, likely to have been present in his dark-blue-coloured socks. Complete resolution of his symptoms occurred with avoidance of these socks. The patient had developed allergic contact dermatitis with a low CD4 T lymphocyte count of 361 cells/microl (normal range 410-1545 cells/microl). This raised the question of the level of CD4 count necessary for an individual to develop allergic contact dermatitis to an allergen, given its role in delayed hypersensitivity. It was concluded that a low CD4 count as a result of HIV infection does not decrease the ability of an individual to develop allergic contact dermatitis. Whereas the effector role in delayed type 4 hypersensitivity reactions is mediated by CD4 T lymphocytes, in allergic contact dermatitis it appears that CD4 T lymphocytes have the suppressor role, with CD8 T lymphocytes having the effector role.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Anti-Allergic Agents; Azo Compounds; Clothing; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Mometasone Furoate; Pregnadienediols; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Adolescent; Allergens; Azo Compounds; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Patch Tests; Students

17 male subjects are described with foot dermatitis in association with positive patch test reactions to the textile dye Basic Red 46. Chromatographic analysis of the socks of 2 affected patients confirmed the presence of Basic Red 46. Withdrawal of the acrylic blend socks suspected of having been dyed with Basic Red 46 resulted in the improvement of symptoms in 12 of 17 patients (70.6%). However, equivocal or negative patch test results to their own socks were frequently noted in those patients. A highly significant association between the presence of foot dermatitis and a positive Basic Red 46 patch test reaction was noted in 555 patients from a patch test clinic population (P < 0.001). The prevalence of positive patch test reactions to Basic Red 46 was 1.2%. We suggest that patients with foot dermatitis be routinely patch tested for textile dyes. In particular, testing with Basic Red 46 should be considered in those with a history of use of dark-coloured acrylic and/or acrylic blend socks.

Topics: Adult; Azo Compounds; Clothing; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Foot Dermatoses; Humans; Irritants; Male; Middle Aged; Patch Tests; Textiles; Victoria

Topics: Azo Compounds; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Occupational; Flame Retardants; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Occupational Exposure; Patch Tests; Protective Clothing