bafilomycin-a1 and Osteoporosis

We have recently demonstrated that pathological changes leading to increased bone resorption by osteoclast activation are related to the induction of pain-like behavior in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. In addition, bisphosphonate and the antagonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), an acid-sensing nociceptor, improved the threshold value of pain-like behaviors accompanying an improvement in the acidic environment in the bone tissue based on osteoclast inactivation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of (i) an inhibitor of vacuolar H(+) -ATPase, known as an proton pump, (ii) an antagonist of acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) 3, as another acid-sensing nociceptor, and (iii) the P2X2/3 receptor, as an ATP-ligand nociceptor, on pain-like behavior in OVX mice. This inhibitor and antagonists were found to improve the threshold value of pain-like behavior in OVX mice. These results indicated that the skeletal pain accompanying osteoporosis is possibly associated with the acidic microenvironment and increased ATP level caused by osteoclast activation under a high bone turnover state.

Topics: Acid Sensing Ion Channels; Anilides; Animals; Bone and Bones; Bone Remodeling; Carbazoles; Chronic Pain; Cinnamates; Cnidarian Venoms; Cytokines; Female; Macrolides; Mice; Nociceptive Pain; Osteoporosis; Ovariectomy; Phenols; Polycyclic Compounds; Receptors, Purinergic P2X

FR167356, a novel inhibitor of vacuolar ATPase, has high potency against osteoclast V-ATPase and low potency against lysosomal V-ATPase. FR167356 is the first compound of this nature to be tested. It has the potential to be useful for clinical application.. It has been suggested that the key issue regarding the therapeutic usefulness of V-ATPase inhibitors is their selectivity.. In in vitro and in vivo studies, we compared FR167356 with other vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) inhibitors, bafilomycin A1 and SB242784. H+ transport by various membrane vesicles was assayed by measuring uptake of acridine orange. Inhibitory activity against in vitro bone resorption was examined by measuring the Ca2+ release from cultured calvariae. In vivo, hypercalcemia was induced by retinoic acid in thyroparathyroidectomized-ovariectomized rats, and the effect on serum Ca2+ level was assessed. Ovariectomized rats were treated with FR167356 or SB242784. One week after surgery, free deoxypyridinoline levels in 24-h urine samples, which were collected from 6 h after administration of FR167356, were measured by ELISA. After 4 weeks of treatment, plasma biochemical parameters were analyzed. BMD of the distal femur metaphysis was measured with pQCT. Histomorphometric analysis of the proximal tibias was performed. Blood gases of rats treated with FR167356 were measured with a blood gas analyzer for estimating the effect of FR167356 on in vivo function of renal V-ATPase.. FR167356, which is distinctly different from other V-ATPase inhibitors, has a high potency against osteoclast V-ATPase and low potency against lysosomal V-ATPase. Similarly, FR167356 inhibited bone resorption in vitro when stimulated by PTH, IL-1, and IL-6. FR167356 reduced retinoic acid-induced hypercalcemia in thyroparathyroidectomized-ovariectomized rats in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, FR167356 was shown to restore BMD of ovariectomized rats caused by the inhibition of bone resorption. Ovariectomized rats treated with FR167356 did not show adverse symptoms, whereas SB242784 caused a decrease in body weight gain and significant changes in two plasma biochemical parameters. Interestingly, FR167356 treatment did not affect blood acid-base balance; however, FR167356 inhibited renal V-ATPase with a similar potency as for osteoclast V-ATPase inhibition.. Comparison of FR167356 with SB242784 implies that the characteristics of FR167356 may be more appropriate for clinical application as a V-ATPase inhibitor.

Topics: Animals; Benzamides; Benzofurans; Biological Transport; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Bone Resorption; Calcium; Cell Membrane; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Femur; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Kidney; Lysosomes; Macrolides; Male; Mice; Models, Chemical; Osteoclasts; Osteoporosis; Protons; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Time Factors; Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases