bacoside-a and Neurodegenerative-Diseases

Andrographis paniculata, Bacopa monnieri and Centella asiatica are mentioned in Ayurveda for the management of neurodegenerative disorders. These plants and their phytomolecules, such as andrographolide, bacoside A and asiaticoside, were studied for their inhibition potential on pooled CYP450 as well as human CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C9 and CYP1A2 by CYP-CO complex assay and fluorogenic assay respectively followed by IC. CYP-CO complex assay indicated significantly less inhibition potential than standard inhibitor (P < 0.05 and above). A. paniculata showed highest inhibitory activity against CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 (IC. The findings suggested that selected food plants and bioactive compounds contributed negligible interaction potential with CYP isozymes and may not possess any harmful effect with regard to their therapeutic application. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Topics: Andrographis; Bacopa; Centella; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Diterpenes; Humans; Medicine, Ayurvedic; Metals, Heavy; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Saponins; Spectrophotometry, Atomic; Triterpenes

Cigarette smoking is associated with the development of several diseases and antioxidants play a major role in the prevention of smoking-related diseases. Apoptosis is suggested as a possible contributing factor in the pathogenesis of smoking-induced toxicity. Therefore the present study was designed to investigate the influence of chronic cigarette smoke exposure on apoptosis and the modulatory effect of bacoside A (triterpenoid saponin isolated from the plant Bacopa monniera) on smoking-induced apoptosis in rat brain. Adult male albino rats of Wistar strain were exposed to cigarette smoke and simultaneously administered with bacoside A (10 mg/kg b.w./day, orally) for a period of 12 weeks. Expression of brain hsp70 was analyzed by Western blotting. Apoptosis was identified by DNA fragmentation, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxy uridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that exposure to cigarette smoke induced hsp70 expression and apoptosis as characterized by DNA laddering, increased TUNEL-positive cells and ultrastructural apoptotic features in the brain. Administration of bacoside A prevented expression of hsp70 and neuronal apoptosis during cigarette smoking. We speculate that apoptosis may be responsible for the smoking-induced brain damage and bacoside A can protect the brain from the toxic effects of cigarette smoking.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Brain; Brain Damage, Chronic; Cerebral Cortex; Disease Models, Animal; DNA Fragmentation; Free Radicals; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Nerve Degeneration; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neuroprotective Agents; Nicotiana; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Saponins; Smoking; Triterpenes; Up-Regulation