baclofen has been researched along with Pregnancy in 42 studies
Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "Pregnancy in patients with intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pumps is rare." | 8.85 | Intrathecal baclofen and pregnancy: implications for clinical care. ( Campbell, C; Delaney, G; DeRibaupierre, S; DeVries-Rizzo, M; Levin, S; Warren, D, 2009) |
| "A comparison of 134 pregnant women who had taken baclofen in early pregnancy and 400 pregnant controls showed an increased risk of major malformations." | 7.81 | Baclofen and pregnancy: birth defects and withdrawal symptoms. ( , 2015) |
| "Intrathecal baclofen is a GABA-receptor agonist and one of the mainstay treatments of severe spasticity due to multiple sclerosis (MS)." | 7.74 | The safety of baclofen in pregnancy: intrathecal therapy in multiple sclerosis. ( Buckley, L; Dalton, CM; Jarrett, L; Keenan, E; Stevenson, VL, 2008) |
| "A 6-months pregnant woman suffering from severe tetanus was successfully treated with intrathecal baclofen." | 7.71 | Intrathecal baclofen for severe tetanus in a pregnant woman. ( Benhamou, D; Engrand, N; Van De Perre, P; Vilain, G, 2001) |
| "A report on pregnancy in a quadriplegic patient treated with a high dose of 1000 mcg/24 h continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion using an implanted drug delivery system (Synchromed, Medtronic, USA)." | 7.68 | Pregnancy in a quadriplegic patient treated with continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion to manage her severe spasticity. Case report. ( Delhaas, EM; Verhagen, J, 1992) |
| "This study evaluated the analgesic efficacy of baclofen in relation to specific pain stimuli in 83 women (27 nulliparas and 56 multiparas) undergoing voluntary abortion (clamping of the cervix and dilatation and curettage)." | 5.05 | Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of baclofen, alone and in combination, in patients undergoing voluntary abortion. ( Bacchini, M; Battagliarin, G; Brambilla, C; Corli, O; Di Piazza, D; Grossi, E; Roma, G, 1984) |
| "Pregnancy in patients with intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pumps is rare." | 4.85 | Intrathecal baclofen and pregnancy: implications for clinical care. ( Campbell, C; Delaney, G; DeRibaupierre, S; DeVries-Rizzo, M; Levin, S; Warren, D, 2009) |
| "Pregnant women with spinal cord injuries are often advised to continue oral baclofen during pregnancy to manage spasticity, though the potential for adverse events in neonates is not well understood." | 4.12 | Neonatal baclofen withdrawal following intrauterine exposure. ( Daunter, AK; Mousigian, MA; Neil Knierbein, EE; Rosenblum, SA, 2022) |
| "A comparison of 134 pregnant women who had taken baclofen in early pregnancy and 400 pregnant controls showed an increased risk of major malformations." | 3.81 | Baclofen and pregnancy: birth defects and withdrawal symptoms. ( , 2015) |
| " She had previously received an intrathecal baclofen infusion pump to relieve the spasticity of cerebral palsy." | 3.75 | Epidural analgesia in labor for a woman with an intrathecal baclofen pump. ( Ali Sakr Esa, W; Barsoum, S; Tetzlaff, JE; Toma, I, 2009) |
| "Intrathecal baclofen is a GABA-receptor agonist and one of the mainstay treatments of severe spasticity due to multiple sclerosis (MS)." | 3.74 | The safety of baclofen in pregnancy: intrathecal therapy in multiple sclerosis. ( Buckley, L; Dalton, CM; Jarrett, L; Keenan, E; Stevenson, VL, 2008) |
| "Maternal use of the antispasmodic baclofen during pregnancy is an uncommon clinical scenario and leads to uncertainty regarding neonatal risks." | 3.72 | Intrauterine baclofen exposure: a multidisciplinary approach. ( Almeida, PG; Huttner, KM; Moran, LR; Worden, S, 2004) |
| "A 6-months pregnant woman suffering from severe tetanus was successfully treated with intrathecal baclofen." | 3.71 | Intrathecal baclofen for severe tetanus in a pregnant woman. ( Benhamou, D; Engrand, N; Van De Perre, P; Vilain, G, 2001) |
| "A report on pregnancy in a quadriplegic patient treated with a high dose of 1000 mcg/24 h continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion using an implanted drug delivery system (Synchromed, Medtronic, USA)." | 3.68 | Pregnancy in a quadriplegic patient treated with continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion to manage her severe spasticity. Case report. ( Delhaas, EM; Verhagen, J, 1992) |
| "A lactating woman with spastic paraplegia was given 94 mumol (20 mg) of baclofen orally to study the transport of the drug into breast milk." | 3.66 | Concentrations of baclofen in serum and breast milk from a lactating woman. ( Eriksson, G; Swahn, CG, 1981) |
| " For some drugs, attention should be paid to patients with renal failure and medications may be used with caution, adjusting the dosage according to kidney function." | 2.58 | Alcohol addiction - the safety of available approved treatment options. ( Addolorato, G; Antonelli, M; Ferrulli, A; Gasbarrini, A; Mirijello, A; Mosoni, C; Rando, MM; Sestito, L; Tarli, C; Vassallo, GA, 2018) |
| "The term cerebral palsy is restricted to non-progressive disorders of motor function, already observed at an early age and due to cerebral lesions." | 2.37 | [Functional neurosurgery of cerebral palsy]. ( Alexandre, F; Angelini, L; Benezech, J; Broggi, G; Claverie, P; Deonna, T; Frerebeau, P; Lazorthes, Y; Siegfried, J; Verdie, JC, 1985) |
| " Baclofen PK in the neonate after birth followed a monoexponential elimination with a half-life of 10 h, 3-fold longer than that in adults." | 1.62 | Pharmacokinetics of Baclofen in a Full-Term Newborn after Intrauterine Exposure: A Case Report. ( Balakirouchenane, D; Chevillard, L; Chouchana, L; Declèves, X; Khoudour, N; Parat, S, 2021) |
| " Finally, in vitro results demonstrated that GABA (ranging from 10 to 50 μg/μL) markedly inhibited preimplantation embryo development in a dose-response manner." | 1.56 | GABA consumption during early pregnancy impairs endometrial receptivity and embryo development in mice. ( Cao, K; Liang, H; Luo, W; Tan, D; Tan, Y; Tian, N; Wang, X; Zhang, Q, 2020) |
| "Baclofen is a gamma-aminobutyric acid agonist used primarily as a muscle relaxant to treat spasticity in children and adults." | 1.39 | Use of baclofen for withdrawal in a preterm infant. ( Devlin, LA; Duncan, SD, 2013) |
| "It is characterized by muscle spasms triggered by startle, voluntary movement, or tactile or emotional stimuli, occurring predominantly in the axial musculature." | 1.37 | Stiff person syndrome and pregnancy. ( Blaskiewicz, R; Goldkamp, J; Myles, T, 2011) |
| "Pretreatment with muscimol, a GABAA receptor agonist, over a concentration range of 0." | 1.33 | Chronic stimulation of GABAA receptor with muscimol reduces amyloid beta protein (25-35)-induced neurotoxicity in cultured rat cortical cells. ( Ban, JY; Lee, BY; Seong, YH, 2005) |
| " Although in humans it is usually administered at 2 mg/ml, the dosage to be used in the treatment of other diseases is unknown." | 1.33 | Baclofen and potential therapeutic use: studies of neuronal survival. ( Dario, A; Fesce, R; Peres, A; Pessina, F; Pisani, R; Protasoni, M; Reguzzoni, M; Sangiorgi, S; Soragna, A; Tomei, G, 2006) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 6 (14.29) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 3 (7.14) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 20 (47.62) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 9 (21.43) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 4 (9.52) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Balakirouchenane, D | 1 |
| Khoudour, N | 1 |
| Chouchana, L | 1 |
| Chevillard, L | 1 |
| Parat, S | 1 |
| Declèves, X | 1 |
| Mousigian, MA | 1 |
| Rosenblum, SA | 1 |
| Neil Knierbein, EE | 1 |
| Daunter, AK | 1 |
| Tian, N | 1 |
| Liang, H | 1 |
| Luo, W | 1 |
| Wang, X | 1 |
| Cao, K | 1 |
| Zhang, Q | 1 |
| Tan, Y | 1 |
| Tan, D | 1 |
| Boussicault, L | 1 |
| Laffaire, J | 1 |
| Schmitt, P | 1 |
| Rinaudo, P | 1 |
| Callizot, N | 1 |
| Nabirotchkin, S | 1 |
| Hajj, R | 1 |
| Cohen, D | 1 |
| Antonelli, M | 1 |
| Ferrulli, A | 1 |
| Sestito, L | 1 |
| Vassallo, GA | 1 |
| Tarli, C | 1 |
| Mosoni, C | 1 |
| Rando, MM | 1 |
| Mirijello, A | 1 |
| Gasbarrini, A | 1 |
| Addolorato, G | 1 |
| Duncan, SD | 1 |
| Devlin, LA | 1 |
| Méndez-Lucena, C | 1 |
| Chacón Peña, J | 1 |
| García-Moreno, JM | 1 |
| Stratton, MS | 1 |
| Staros, M | 1 |
| Budefeld, T | 1 |
| Searcy, BT | 1 |
| Nash, C | 1 |
| Eitel, C | 1 |
| Carbone, D | 1 |
| Handa, RJ | 1 |
| Majdic, G | 1 |
| Tobet, SA | 1 |
| Bolton, MM | 1 |
| Heaney, CF | 1 |
| Murtishaw, AS | 1 |
| Sabbagh, JJ | 1 |
| Magcalas, CM | 1 |
| Kinney, JW | 1 |
| Gómora-Arrati, P | 1 |
| Dominguez, G | 1 |
| Ågmo, A | 1 |
| Dalton, CM | 1 |
| Keenan, E | 1 |
| Jarrett, L | 1 |
| Buckley, L | 1 |
| Stevenson, VL | 1 |
| Grampp, T | 1 |
| Notz, V | 1 |
| Broll, I | 1 |
| Fischer, N | 1 |
| Benke, D | 1 |
| Numan, M | 1 |
| Stolzenberg, DS | 1 |
| Ali Sakr Esa, W | 1 |
| Toma, I | 1 |
| Tetzlaff, JE | 1 |
| Barsoum, S | 1 |
| DeVries-Rizzo, M | 1 |
| Warren, D | 1 |
| Delaney, G | 1 |
| Levin, S | 1 |
| Campbell, C | 1 |
| DeRibaupierre, S | 1 |
| Morton, CM | 1 |
| Rosenow, J | 1 |
| Wong, C | 1 |
| Kirschner, KL | 1 |
| Goldkamp, J | 1 |
| Blaskiewicz, R | 1 |
| Myles, T | 1 |
| Nomura, S | 1 |
| Kagawa, Y | 1 |
| Kida, H | 1 |
| Maruta, Y | 1 |
| Imoto, H | 1 |
| Fujii, M | 1 |
| Suzuki, M | 1 |
| Martire, M | 1 |
| Altobelli, D | 1 |
| Cannizzaro, C | 1 |
| Maurizi, S | 1 |
| Preziosi, P | 1 |
| Sands, SA | 1 |
| Purisai, MG | 1 |
| Chronwall, BM | 1 |
| Enna, SJ | 1 |
| Roberts, AG | 1 |
| Graves, CR | 1 |
| Konrad, PE | 1 |
| Groomes, TE | 1 |
| Pfister, AA | 1 |
| Damian, MM | 1 |
| Charles, PD | 1 |
| Weatherby, SJM | 1 |
| Woolner, P | 1 |
| Clarke, CE | 1 |
| Priest, CA | 1 |
| Puche, AC | 1 |
| Moran, LR | 1 |
| Almeida, PG | 1 |
| Worden, S | 1 |
| Huttner, KM | 1 |
| Lee, BY | 1 |
| Ban, JY | 1 |
| Seong, YH | 1 |
| Dario, A | 1 |
| Pisani, R | 1 |
| Sangiorgi, S | 1 |
| Soragna, A | 1 |
| Reguzzoni, M | 1 |
| Protasoni, M | 1 |
| Pessina, F | 1 |
| Fesce, R | 1 |
| Peres, A | 1 |
| Tomei, G | 1 |
| Lee, HY | 1 |
| Naha, N | 1 |
| Li, SP | 1 |
| Jo, MJ | 1 |
| Naseer, MI | 1 |
| Naseer, ML | 1 |
| Park, MS | 1 |
| Park, TJ | 1 |
| Chung, BC | 1 |
| Kim, MO | 1 |
| Corli, O | 1 |
| Roma, G | 1 |
| Bacchini, M | 1 |
| Battagliarin, G | 1 |
| Di Piazza, D | 1 |
| Brambilla, C | 1 |
| Grossi, E | 1 |
| DeLisa, JA | 1 |
| Little, J | 1 |
| Eriksson, G | 1 |
| Swahn, CG | 1 |
| Tkachuk, SS | 1 |
| Pishak, VP | 1 |
| Myslyts'kyĭ, VF | 1 |
| Behar, TN | 1 |
| Schaffner, AE | 1 |
| Scott, CA | 1 |
| Greene, CL | 1 |
| Barker, JL | 1 |
| Engrand, N | 1 |
| Van De Perre, P | 1 |
| Vilain, G | 1 |
| Benhamou, D | 1 |
| Ratnayaka, BD | 1 |
| Dhaliwal, H | 1 |
| Watkin, S | 1 |
| Briner, W | 1 |
| Delhaas, EM | 1 |
| Verhagen, J | 1 |
| Kamiya, H | 1 |
| Hösli, L | 1 |
| Hösli, E | 1 |
| Redle, S | 1 |
| Rojas, J | 1 |
| Schramek, H | 1 |
| Rudick, RA | 1 |
| Schiffer, RB | 1 |
| Herndon, RM | 1 |
| Siegfried, J | 1 |
| Lazorthes, Y | 1 |
| Broggi, G | 1 |
| Claverie, P | 1 |
| Deonna, T | 1 |
| Frerebeau, P | 1 |
| Verdie, JC | 1 |
| Alexandre, F | 1 |
| Angelini, L | 1 |
| Benezech, J | 1 |
6 reviews available for baclofen and Pregnancy
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Alcohol addiction - the safety of available approved treatment options.
Topics: Alcohol Deterrents; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Approval; Europe; F | 2018 |
Medial preoptic area interactions with dopamine neural systems in the control of the onset and maintenance of maternal behavior in rats.
Topics: 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Baclofen; Ben | 2009 |
Intrathecal baclofen and pregnancy: implications for clinical care.
Topics: Adolescent; Baclofen; Cerebral Palsy; Female; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spina | 2009 |
Intrathecal baclofen administration during pregnancy: a case series and focused clinical review.
Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle Spasticity; P | 2009 |
Drug treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Cerebellar Ataxia; Female; Humans; Multiple | 1987 |
[Functional neurosurgery of cerebral palsy].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Brain; Brain Diseases; Cerebellar Cortex; Cer | 1985 |
1 trial available for baclofen and Pregnancy
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of baclofen, alone and in combination, in patients undergoing voluntary abortion.
Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Baclofen; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diazepam; Dilatation and C | 1984 |
35 other studies available for baclofen and Pregnancy
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Pharmacokinetics of Baclofen in a Full-Term Newborn after Intrauterine Exposure: A Case Report.
Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Placenta; Pregnancy | 2021 |
Neonatal baclofen withdrawal following intrauterine exposure.
Topics: Baclofen; Cesarean Section; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Injections, Spinal; Male; Muscle Relaxa | 2022 |
GABA consumption during early pregnancy impairs endometrial receptivity and embryo development in mice.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Baclofen; Cadherins; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Embryo Implant | 2020 |
Combination of acamprosate and baclofen (PXT864) as a potential new therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Topics: Acamprosate; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Animals; Baclofen; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cereb | 2020 |
Use of baclofen for withdrawal in a preterm infant.
Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Cervical Vertebrae; Cesarean Section; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Hum | 2013 |
Intrathecal baclofen for dystonia treatment during pregnancy: A case report.
Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Cesarean Section; Dystonia; Female; Humans; Molecular Chaperones; Muscle Relaxants, | 2016 |
Embryonic GABA(B) receptor blockade alters cell migration, adult hypothalamic structure, and anxiety- and depression-like behaviors sex specifically in mice.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Baclofen; Cell Movement; Depression; Embryo, Mammalian; Female; GABA-B Receptor An | 2014 |
Postnatal alterations in GABAB receptor tone produce sensorimotor gating deficits and protein level differences in adulthood.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Age Factors; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Baclofen; Body Weight; Brain; Disease | 2015 |
Baclofen and pregnancy: birth defects and withdrawal symptoms.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; In | 2015 |
GABA Receptors in the Medial Preoptic Area Modulate the Onset of Oestradiol-Induced Maternal Behaviour in Hysterectomised-Ovariectomised, Pregnant Rats.
Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Bicuculline; Estradiol; Female; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; GABA-B Receptor Agon | 2016 |
The safety of baclofen in pregnancy: intrathecal therapy in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Female; GABA Agonists; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Injections, Spinal; Male; Multiple | 2008 |
Constitutive, agonist-accelerated, recycling and lysosomal degradation of GABA(B) receptors in cortical neurons.
Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Biomarkers; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Clathrin; Cysteine Prote | 2008 |
Epidural analgesia in labor for a woman with an intrathecal baclofen pump.
Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Baclofen; Catheterization; Cerebral Palsy; Fema | 2009 |
Stiff person syndrome and pregnancy.
Topics: Adult; Amines; Baclofen; Cesarean Section; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Diazepam; Female; Gabapentin | 2011 |
Effects of intrathecal baclofen therapy on motor and cognitive functions in a rat model of cerebral palsy.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Baclofen; Cerebral Palsy; Cognition Disorders; Electric Stimulation; Evok | 2012 |
Prenatal diazepam exposure functionally alters the GABA(A) receptor that modulates [3H]noradrenaline release from rat hippocampal synaptosomes.
Topics: Allosteric Regulation; Animals; Baclofen; Bicuculline; Diazepam; Female; Fetal Proteins; GABA Agonis | 2002 |
Ontogeny of GABA(B) receptor subunit expression and function in the rat spinal cord.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Baclofen; Blotting, Northern; Blotting, Western; Cerebral Cortex; DNA Pro | 2003 |
Intrathecal baclofen pump implantation during pregnancy.
Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Inje | 2003 |
Pregnancy in stiff-limb syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anticonvulsants; Baclofen; Diazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ext | 2004 |
GABAB receptor expression and function in olfactory receptor neuron axon growth.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Axons; Baclofen; Cells, Cultured; Drug Interactions | 2004 |
Intrauterine baclofen exposure: a multidisciplinary approach.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Baclofen; Breast Feeding; Female; GABA Agonists; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Muscle | 2004 |
Chronic stimulation of GABAA receptor with muscimol reduces amyloid beta protein (25-35)-induced neurotoxicity in cultured rat cortical cells.
Topics: Amyloid beta-Peptides; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Baclofen; Blotting, Western; Calcium; Calcium | 2005 |
Baclofen and potential therapeutic use: studies of neuronal survival.
Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Colorimetry; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Fe | 2006 |
In vivo and in vitro ethanol exposure in prenatal rat brain: GABA(B) receptor modulation on dopamine D(1) receptor and protein kinase A.
Topics: Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System; Animals; Baclofen; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Central Nervou | 2008 |
Drugs in current use: baclofen. From the Royal Melbourne Hospital Pharmacy Department.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Baclofen; Child; Female; Humans; Pregnancy | 1982 |
Managing spasticity.
Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Child, Preschool; Cold Temperature; Dantrolene; Diazepam; Female; Humans; Muscle Sp | 1982 |
Concentrations of baclofen in serum and breast milk from a lactating woman.
Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lactation; Milk, Human; Paraplegia; Pregnancy; Pre | 1981 |
[The mechanisms of the GABA-ergic regulation of beta-endorphin levels in the hypothalamic structures of prenatally stressed male rats].
Topics: Animals; Baclofen; beta-Endorphin; Brain Chemistry; Female; GABA Agonists; Hypothalamus, Middle; Mal | 2000 |
GABA receptor antagonists modulate postmitotic cell migration in slice cultures of embryonic rat cortex.
Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Bicuculline; Bromodeoxyuridine; Cell Movement; Cellular Senescence; Cerebral Cort | 2000 |
Intrathecal baclofen for severe tetanus in a pregnant woman.
Topics: Adolescent; Baclofen; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Injections, Spinal; Muscle Relaxants, Central | 2001 |
Drug points: Neonatal convulsions after withdrawal of baclofen.
Topics: Baclofen; Female; GABA Agonists; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Muscle Relaxants, | 2001 |
The effect of GABA receptor ligands in experimental spina bifida occulta.
Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Bicuculline; Female; GABA Agonists; GABA Antagonists; Male; Muscimol; Pregnancy; | 2001 |
Pregnancy in a quadriplegic patient treated with continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion to manage her severe spasticity. Case report.
Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Cesarean Section; Drug Implants; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Muscle Spastic | 1992 |
Some pharmacological differences between hippocampal excitatory and inhibitory synapses in transmitter release: an in vitro study.
Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Baclofen; Carbachol; Electrophysiology; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Hippoca | 1991 |
Action of baclofen, GABA and antagonists on the membrane potential of cultured astrocytes of rat spinal cord.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Autoradiography; Baclofen; Bicuculline; Electrophysiology; Female; GABA Antagon | 1990 |