baclofen and Injuries, Spinal Cord studies

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
") baclofen on chronic, dysesthetic, and spasm-related pain (SRP) among patients with spinal spasticity [i."	9.07	Intrathecal baclofen suppresses central pain in patients with spinal lesions. A pilot study. ( D'Luzansky, SC; Herman, RM; Ippolito, R, 1992)
"To study the relationship between autonomic dysreflexia and intrathecal baclofen in patients with spinal cord injury."	7.88	An investigation of the relationship between autonomic dysreflexia and intrathecal baclofen in patients with spinal cord injury. ( Del Fabro, AS; Mejia, M; Nemunaitis, G, 2018)
"To investigate the long-term dosage evolution and complication rate of intrathecal baclofen use in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury patients, based on a large population with a long follow-up."	7.79	Intrathecal baclofen in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury: complications and long-term dosage evolution. ( Degraeuwe, B; Draulans, N; Kiekens, C; Meurrens, T; Nuttin, B; Peers, K; Vermeersch, K, 2013)
"To retrieve data about the utility of intrathecal baclofen for the treatment of otherwise refractory priapism that may occur in patients with spinal spasticity."	7.75	Favorable response to intrathecal, but not oral, baclofen of priapism in a patient with spinal cord injury. ( Bramanti, P; D'Aleo, G; Kofler, M; Rifici, C; Saltuari, L, 2009)
"To determine the effect of the GABA-agonist baclofen on cough reflex sensitivity in subjects with cervical spinal cord injury (C-SCI)."	7.70	Baclofen-induced cough suppression in cervical spinal cord injury. ( Dicpinigaitis, PV; Grimm, DR; Lesser, M, 2000)
"We investigated the short-term effects of an intrathecal bolus injection of baclofen on central pain due to stroke or spinal cord injury."	7.69	A new approach to the control of central deafferentation pain--spinal intrathecal baclofen. ( Iseki, H; Kawabatake, H; Kawamura, H; Taira, T; Takakura, K; Tanikawa, T; Ueda, A, 1995)
"Baclofen, an agonist of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, has antinociceptive effects, and its intrathecal administration reduces allodynic responses in animal models of neurogenic central pain."	7.69	A new approach to control central deafferentation pain: spinal intrathecal baclofen. ( Iseki, H; Kawabatake, H; Kawamura, H; Taira, T; Takakura, K; Tanikawa, T, 1995)
"This study reports the use of intrathecal baclofen in two ventilator-dependent children with severe spasms secondary to spinal-cord injury."	7.68	Continuous intrathecal baclofen treatment of severe spasms in two children with spinal-cord injury. ( Armstrong, RW; Cochrane, D; Farrell, K; Kube, S; Norman, MG; Steinbok, P, 1992)
"Baclofen is the most commonly-prescribed antispasmodic after SCI."	5.41	Intrathecal and Oral Baclofen Use in Adults With Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review of Efficacy in Spasticity Reduction, Functional Changes, Dosing, and Adverse Events. ( D'Amico, JM; Dietz, N; Harkema, SJ; Wagers, S, 2023)
"Twelve patients with intractable spasticity caused by spinal cord injuries underwent implantation of a programmable continuous infusion pump after significant reduction in spasticity following an intrathecal test bolus of baclofen."	5.31	Continuous intrathecal infusion of baclofen in patients with spasticity caused by spinal cord injuries. ( Darwish, N; Gaab, MR; Glaeser, E; Korenkov, AI; Niendorf, WR, 2002)
" We describe a 39-year-old quadriplegic women who, over a 16-week period, developed clinical signs of baclofen toxicity confirmed by progressively rising serum baclofen levels while on a conventional stable dosing regimen."	5.29	Baclofen toxicity in a patient with subclinical renal insufficiency. ( Aisen, ML; Dietz, M; Kutt, H; McDowell, F, 1994)
"Baclofen is a muscle relaxant approved in this country for the treatment of muscle spasms secondary to multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and other spinal diseases."	5.27	Hallucinations after preoperative baclofen discontinuation in spinal cord injury patients. ( Harrison, SA; Wood, CA, 1985)
"This study assessed the safety and efficacy of intrathecal baclofen in the treatment of intractable spasticity caused by spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis."	5.07	Intrathecal baclofen for treatment of intractable spinal spasticity. ( Abel, NA; Smith, RA, 1994)
"A total of 93 patients with intractable spasticity due to either spinal cord injury (59 cases), multiple sclerosis (31 cases), or other spinal pathology (three cases) were entered into a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled screening protocol of intrathecal baclofen test injections."	5.07	Intrathecal baclofen for intractable spasticity of spinal origin: results of a long-term multicenter study. ( Cahill, D; Coffey, JR; Gill, B; Herman, R; Levy, R; Meythaler, J; Ordia, J; Park, TS; Shetter, AG; Steers, W, 1993)
") baclofen on chronic, dysesthetic, and spasm-related pain (SRP) among patients with spinal spasticity [i."	5.07	Intrathecal baclofen suppresses central pain in patients with spinal lesions. A pilot study. ( D'Luzansky, SC; Herman, RM; Ippolito, R, 1992)
" He developed acute kidney injury at hospital secondary to vancomycin use, and mental status declined."	5.05	Encephalopathy of Unknown Origin in a Baclofen Patient: Case Report and Review of the Literature. ( Abraham, M; Behmer Hansen, R; Gold, J; Lad, M; Mammis, A; Zhao, K, 2020)
"Intrathecal baclofen therapy, given via an implanted pump in the abdominal wall either as a continuous infusion or bolus dosing, has been used for more than 25 years to treat the spasticity and dystonia associated with various brain and spinal cord conditions."	4.95	Baclofen Pumps: Uses and Complications. ( Baum, CR; Woolf, SM, 2017)
"To review the available evidence on the effectiveness of intrathecal baclofen in the treatment of spasticity in individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) at least 6 months post-injury or diagnosis."	4.90	Examining the effectiveness of intrathecal baclofen on spasticity in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury: a systematic review. ( Hsieh, J; Janzen, S; Mays, R; McIntyre, A; Mehta, S; Teasell, R; Townson, A; Wolfe, D, 2014)
"Baclofen is used for treatment of the spasticity of spinal origin that is a common sequela of spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis; spasticity occurs in about 50% of patients affected by these disorders."	4.82	A benefit-risk assessment of baclofen in severe spinal spasticity. ( Dario, A; Tomei, G, 2004)
"The authors describe a patient who experienced a prolonged course of intrathecal baclofen withdrawal syndrome after removal of an implantable baclofen pump for treatment of pump infection and meningitis."	4.82	Prolonged intrathecal baclofen withdrawal syndrome. Case report and discussion of current therapeutic management. ( Douglas, AF; Schwartz, DR; Weiner, HL, 2005)
"To evaluate the use of intrathecal baclofen for the treatment of muscle spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury."	4.78	Intrathecal baclofen for severe spasticity secondary to spinal cord injury. ( Lewis, KS; Mueller, WM, 1993)
"Pregnant women with spinal cord injuries are often advised to continue oral baclofen during pregnancy to manage spasticity, though the potential for adverse events in neonates is not well understood."	4.12	Neonatal baclofen withdrawal following intrauterine exposure. ( Daunter, AK; Mousigian, MA; Neil Knierbein, EE; Rosenblum, SA, 2022)
"Although, confusion and lightheadedness in SCI are commonly caused by orthostatic hypotension, it is important for physicians to be cognizant of baclofen's side effects, which increase in the setting of acute kidney injury (AKI)."	4.12	Transient alteration of consciousness in spinal cord injury secondary to Baclofen use: a case report. ( Ace, J; Hon, B; Pisano, TJ, 2022)
"To study the relationship between autonomic dysreflexia and intrathecal baclofen in patients with spinal cord injury."	3.88	An investigation of the relationship between autonomic dysreflexia and intrathecal baclofen in patients with spinal cord injury. ( Del Fabro, AS; Mejia, M; Nemunaitis, G, 2018)
"To perform an analysis of oral baclofen dosage in patients with traumatic spinal cord injuries over time and to ascertain the clinical determinants of long-term baclofen dosage trends."	3.81	Baclofen dosage after traumatic spinal cord injury: a multi-decade retrospective analysis. ( Anderson, WS; Cheng, JJ; Sunshine, A; Veerakumar, A; Ye, X; Zorowitz, RD, 2015)
"To investigate the long-term dosage evolution and complication rate of intrathecal baclofen use in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury patients, based on a large population with a long follow-up."	3.79	Intrathecal baclofen in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury: complications and long-term dosage evolution. ( Degraeuwe, B; Draulans, N; Kiekens, C; Meurrens, T; Nuttin, B; Peers, K; Vermeersch, K, 2013)
"To retrieve data about the utility of intrathecal baclofen for the treatment of otherwise refractory priapism that may occur in patients with spinal spasticity."	3.75	Favorable response to intrathecal, but not oral, baclofen of priapism in a patient with spinal cord injury. ( Bramanti, P; D'Aleo, G; Kofler, M; Rifici, C; Saltuari, L, 2009)
" After the first admission of 5 mg of oral Baclofen, he collapsed in bed with extreme bradycardia, hypotension, hyperventilation and decreased oxygen saturation."	3.74	Heart conduction problems in a tetraplegic patient caused by a single therapeutic dosage of Baclofen. ( Slim, EJ; Smit, CA, 2008)
"We present a case of a 38-year-old male with complete T9 spastic paraplegia for 15 years, treated with intrathecal baclofen for 11 years."	3.72	Subdural catheter migration may lead to baclofen pump dysfunction. ( Cahana, A; Pasquier, Y; Schnider, A, 2003)
"To determine the effect of the GABA-agonist baclofen on cough reflex sensitivity in subjects with cervical spinal cord injury (C-SCI)."	3.70	Baclofen-induced cough suppression in cervical spinal cord injury. ( Dicpinigaitis, PV; Grimm, DR; Lesser, M, 2000)
"We investigated the short-term effects of an intrathecal bolus injection of baclofen on central pain due to stroke or spinal cord injury."	3.69	A new approach to the control of central deafferentation pain--spinal intrathecal baclofen. ( Iseki, H; Kawabatake, H; Kawamura, H; Taira, T; Takakura, K; Tanikawa, T; Ueda, A, 1995)
"Baclofen, an agonist of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, has antinociceptive effects, and its intrathecal administration reduces allodynic responses in animal models of neurogenic central pain."	3.69	A new approach to control central deafferentation pain: spinal intrathecal baclofen. ( Iseki, H; Kawabatake, H; Kawamura, H; Taira, T; Takakura, K; Tanikawa, T, 1995)
"Baclofen is a central nervous system agent that is commonly used for the treatment of muscle spasticity in spinal cord injury patients."	3.68	Neurological manifestations of baclofen withdrawal. ( Chancellor, MB; Freedman, MK; Hill, K; Rivas, DA, 1993)
"This study reports the use of intrathecal baclofen in two ventilator-dependent children with severe spasms secondary to spinal-cord injury."	3.68	Continuous intrathecal baclofen treatment of severe spasms in two children with spinal-cord injury. ( Armstrong, RW; Cochrane, D; Farrell, K; Kube, S; Norman, MG; Steinbok, P, 1992)
"The efficacy of intrathecally administered baclofen was demonstrated in three patients with different types of muscular hypertonia (supraspinal rigidity, spasms shortly after spinal trauma, spasms for many years induced by multiple sclerosis) using integrated electromyography."	3.67	The effect of intrathecal baclofen on electrical muscle activity in spasticity. ( Börner, U; Dralle, D; Hoffmann, O; Müller, H; Zierski, J, 1987)
"Baclofen, commonly used to reduce severe muscle spasms in patients with spinal cord injuries, is also active in the brain."	3.66	A possible neurochemical basis for the neuropsychiatric aspects of baclofen therapy. ( Keegan, DL; Kirby, AR; Richardson, JS, 1983)
"The influence of spasticity, experienced by the patients with a spinal cord injury, on their quality of life was analyzed before the surgery and 12 months after it."	3.30	Neuromodulation and quality of life for patient with spasticity after spinal cord injury. ( Biktimirov, A; Bryukhovetskiy, I; Sharma, A; Sharma, HS, 2023)
"Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI), and Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) were obtained for assessment of neuropathic pain."	2.87	Analgesic effect of intrathecal baclofen bolus on neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury patients. ( Benito-Penalva, J; Kofler, M; Kumru, H; Vidal, J, 2018)
" Modified Ashworth scale (mAS) score, disability assessment scale (DAS) score, modified medical research council (mMRC) score, the Barthel Index (BI) score, and treatment-emergent adverse effects were evaluated during the follow-up period."	2.87	Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Spasticity Caused by Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. ( Lan, J; Liu, Y; Miao, J; Yan, X, 2018)
"The management of spasticity can be achieved through the combination of both nonpharmacological and pharmacological approaches."	2.82	Role of Baclofen in Modulating Spasticity and Neuroprotection in Spinal Cord Injury. ( Barreiro-Iglesias, A; de Sousa, N; Monteiro, S; Salgado, AJ; Santos, D; Silva, N, 2022)
"Baclofen was administered at 20 mg/day for 8 weeks; then increased to 40 mg/day for another 8 weeks."	2.78	Low-dose baclofen therapy raised plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations, but not into the normal range in a predictable and sustained manner in men with chronic spinal cord injury. ( Bauman, WA; Cirnigliaro, CM; Kirshblum, SC; La Fountaine, MF; Spungen, AM, 2013)
"When a sleep apnea syndrome was preexisting, it was generally severely worsened by the bolus mode of administration."	2.77	Pilot study assessing the impact of intrathecal baclofen administration mode on sleep-related respiratory parameters. ( Bensmail, D; Godard, AL; Lofaso, F; Marquer, A; Quera-Salva, MA; Roche, N, 2012)
"In the primary analysis, AP significantly improved Ashworth scores compared with placebo over the dosing interval: least-squares mean reduction versus placebo was 0."	2.76	Efficacy and safety study of arbaclofen placarbil in patients with spasticity due to spinal cord injury. ( Ayyoub, Z; Bian, A; Chen, D; Huff, FJ; Martinez-Arizala, A; Nance, PW; Stamler, D, 2011)
"Oral baclofen dose was positively related to body mass index, but not to extensor or flexor spasticity."	2.75	Oral baclofen administration in persons with chronic spinal cord injury does not prevent the protective effects of spasticity on body composition and glucose homeostasis. ( Chiodo, AE; Gater, DR; Gorgey, AS, 2010)
"Severity of spasticity and overall health-related quality of life were also assessed."	2.73	Effects of intrathecal baclofen on perceived sexual functioning in men with spinal cord injury. ( Bilsky, G; Bowman, B; Jones, ML; Leslie, DP, 2008)
"This therapy is indicated in severe spasticity of cerebral or spinal origin that is unresponsive to oral antispastic medications."	2.73	Intrathecal antispastic drug application with implantable pumps: results of a 10 year follow-up study. ( Koulousakis, A; Kuchta, J, 2007)
"In a group of 17 patients with spastic hemiparesis, with a different etiology, 2 groups were separated."	2.73	[Assessment of spasticity therapy with baclofen pump in children]. ( Swierczyńska, A, 2007)
"Patients with spinal cord injury and spasticity were included in the study."	2.71	Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation versus baclofen in spasticity: clinical and electrophysiologic comparison. ( Aydin, G; Demir, SO; Keleş, I; Orkun, S; Tomruk, S, 2005)
"0001) increase in intrathecal baclofen dosage requirements during the 1-year follow-up period to maintain the reductions in spasm frequency, reflexes and tone."	2.70	Intrathecal baclofen in tetraplegia of spinal origin: efficacy for upper extremity hypertonia. ( Burns, AS; Meythaler, JM, 2001)
"Baclofen was associated with minor changes in walking."	2.69	Effects of drugs on walking after spinal cord injury. ( Barbeau, H; Norman, KE; Pépin, A, 1998)
" A reduction in dosage was necessitated by muscular hypotonia in three ambulatory patients, areflexic bladder and urinary retention in three others, and nausea, dizziness, and drowsiness in one."	2.68	Chronic intrathecal delivery of baclofen by a programmable pump for the treatment of severe spasticity. ( Adamski, E; Fischer, E; Ordia, JI; Spatz, EL, 1996)
"In twenty-five SCI subjects, antispasticity effects of three putative antispasticity agents [clonidine (an alpha-2 noradrenergic agonist), cyproheptadine (a 5-HT2 antagonist) and baclofen (a GABA-B agonist)] were tested in terms of changes in leg tone as graded by the Ashworth scale (AS), in terms of the vibratory inhibition of the H-reflex (VII) and in terms of the ability of the knee to swing passively in the pendulum test as quantified by video motion analysis."	2.67	A comparison of clonidine, cyproheptadine and baclofen in spastic spinal cord injured patients. ( Nance, PW, 1994)
" The dosage for all patients more than doubled (P < 0."	2.67	Continuous intrathecal baclofen in spinal cord spasticity. A prospective study. ( Cross, LL; Haworth, CS; Meythaler, JM; Steers, WD; Tuel, SM, 1992)
" Baclofen dosage increased from 182 +/- 135 to 528 +/- 266 mcg/day over the 3-22 month follow-up period."	2.67	Continuous infusion of intrathecal baclofen: long-term effects on spasticity in spinal cord injury. ( Donovan, WH; Loubser, PG; Narayan, RK; Russell, KD; Sandin, KJ, 1991)
"Quantitative measurements of spasticity were also taken at each session."	2.67	The supraspinal anxiolytic effect of baclofen for spasticity reduction. ( Hinderer, SR, 1990)
"The independent variable was spasticity medication treatment, where the levels were 40 mg/day and 80 mg/day of baclofen v placebo treatment."	2.67	Spasticity in spinal cord injured persons: quantitative effects of baclofen and placebo treatments. ( Deitz, J; deLateur, BJ; Hinderer, SR; Lehmann, JF; Price, R; White, O, 1990)
"This procedure is recommended for spasticity of spinal origin refractory to physiotherapy and oral medication."	2.66	Intrathecal baclofen for long-term treatment of spasticity: a multi-centre study. ( Gardner, BP; Gybels, J; Jamous, A; Linderoth, B; Meyerson, BA; Ochs, G; Struppler, A; Teddy, P; Weinmann, P, 1989)
"Twenty patients with spinal spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis or spinal-cord injury who had had no response to treatment with oral baclofen received an intrathecal infusion of baclofen or saline for three days."	2.66	Intrathecal baclofen for severe spinal spasticity. ( Corcos, D; Gottlieb, G; Kroin, JS; Latash, M; Parke, B; Penn, RD; Savoy, SM, 1989)
"Muscle spasms and spasticity constitute a significant problem in patients with spinal cord injury, interfering with rehabilitation and leading to impairments in quality of life in addition to medical complications."	2.50	Spasticity and the use of intrathecal baclofen in patients with spinal cord injury. ( Garg, DS; Khurana, SR, 2014)
"Local spasticity can be treated with botulinum toxin injections."	2.48	Spasticity following spinal cord injury. ( Grønning, M; Hagen, EM; Rekand, T, 2012)
"Baclofen is an agonisit at gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, and is, therefore, a neuroinhibitor, and decreases spasticity."	2.44	[Intrathecal baclofen for severe spasticity]. ( Ueta, T, 2008)
"Symptoms of spasticity are often experienced by individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) following a period of spinal shock and, in many cases, these symptoms negatively affect quality of life."	2.43	Spasticity after spinal cord injury. ( Adams, MM; Hicks, AL, 2005)
" Dosage errors can be a source of significant morbidity and the risk is greatest when the clinician is changing solution concentration."	2.42	Managing spasticity in spinal cord injury: safe administration of bridge boluses during intrathecal baclofen pump refills. ( Elovic, E; Kirshblum, SC, 2003)
"With the introduction of the antispasticity agent, tizanidine hydrochloride (Zanaflex), physicians have requested information about the optimal way to switch appropriate patients from baclofen to tizanidine."	2.40	An approach to switching patients from baclofen to tizanidine. ( Brenner, R; Hyman, N; Knobler, R; O'Brien, M; Stephan, T, 1998)
" Extensor spasticity was lower in the high-responders compared to the low-responders as was the dosage of baclofen."	1.91	Predictors of muscle hypertrophy responsiveness to electrically evoked resistance training after spinal cord injury. ( Adler, RA; Cardozo, C; Goldsmith, JA; Gorgey, AS; Khalil, RE; Liu, XH; Pan, J, 2023)
" The objectives of this study were to compare the efficacy and adverse effects of tolperisone compared to baclofen among patients with spasticity associated with spinal cord injury."	1.62	Efficacy and safety of tolperisone versus baclofen among Chinese patients with spasticity associated with spinal cord injury: a non-randomized retrospective study. ( Chen, R; Fang, S; Huang, Y; Li, M; Liu, N, 2021)
" The effects of chronic administration of baclofen on humans have not been investigated to date."	1.62	Improvement of Memory Functions in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury After Long-Term Intrathecal Baclofen Delivery for Spasticity Relief. ( Keller, J; Krámská, L; Štětkářová, I, 2021)
"A mouse model of spasticity was developed by producing incomplete SCI at the 9th thoracic level."	1.56	The beneficial aspects of spasticity in relation to ambulatory ability in mice with spinal cord injury. ( Konno, DJ; Kubota, K; Maeda, T; Matsumoto, Y; Nakashima, Y; Okada, S; Saito, T; Tanaka, M; Yokota, K; Yoshizaki, S, 2020)
"Most commonly, severe cases of spasticity are treated surgically with intrathecal baclofen therapy (ITB)."	1.56	Spinal cord stimulation and intrathecal baclofen therapy for patients with severe spasticity after spinal cord injury. ( Biktimirov, A; Bryukhovetskiy, I; Sharma, A; Sharma, HS, 2020)
"Baclofen use was associated with higher rates of marked neurologic recovery, even after adjustment for injury severity (HR = 2."	1.51	A Longitudinal Study of the Neurologic Safety of Acute Baclofen Use After Spinal Cord Injury. ( Cashman, N; Cragg, JJ; Geisler, F; Jutzeler, CR; Kramer, JLK; Tong, B; Warner, FM, 2019)
"Froin syndrome can impact intrathecal drug delivery and CSF diagnostics."	1.51	Froin Syndrome After Spinal Cord Injury. ( Decramer, T; Kiekens, C; Theys, T; Wouters, A, 2019)
"To indicate the appropriate baclofen dosage to control severe spasticity of spinal origin and to develop the optimal administration protocol for long-term intrathecal baclofen (ITB) therapy."	1.48	The dosage and administration of long-term intrathecal baclofen therapy for severe spasticity of spinal origin. ( Hayashi, T; Kawano, O; Maeda, T; Masuda, M; Morishita, Y; Sakai, H; Takao, T; Ueta, T, 2018)
"Diazepam 20 mg was used up to three times per day, but didn't seem to improve or reduce the anxiety, agitation, visual or auditory hallucinations."	1.48	Delirium tremens in an AUD patient after an intrathecal baclofen pump induced total alcohol abstinence. ( Calvo, ME; Gunnarsson, T; Hao, M; Smith, L, 2018)
"To examine dosing patterns in patients receiving baclofen via intrathecal baclofen pumps to assess for common patterns by diagnosis, ambulation ability, and affected limbs distribution."	1.43	Intrathecal Baclofen Dosing Regimens: A Retrospective Chart Review. ( Clearfield, JS; McGuire, J; Nelson, ME; Rein, LE; Tarima, S, 2016)
"Rats underwent spinal cord transection at Th10 level followed by 7, 10, and 14 days of survival."	1.42	Baclofen or nNOS inhibitor affect molecular and behavioral alterations evoked by traumatic spinal cord injury in rat spinal cord. ( Chalimoniuk, M; Gálik, J; Hricová, Ľ; Kisucká, A; Langfort, J; Lukáčová, N; Maršala, M; Pavel, J; Radoňak, J; Strosznajder, JB, 2015)
"To assess the frequency and types of adverse events (AEs) related to intrathecal baclofen (ITB) therapy in adults, and associated risk factors."	1.40	Occurrence of adverse events in long-term intrathecal baclofen infusion: a 1-year follow-up study of 158 adults. ( Bensmail, D; Borrini, L; Hugeron, C; Jourdan, C; Rech, C; Thiebaut, JB, 2014)
" Our results demonstrate that the control of precision grip in humans involves premotoneuronal subcortical mechanisms, likely disynaptic or polysynaptic spinal pathways that are lacking after SCI and restored by long-term use of baclofen."	1.40	Subcortical control of precision grip after human spinal cord injury. ( Bunday, KL; Perez, MA; Rothwell, JC; Tazoe, T, 2014)
"Baclofen is a GABAB receptor agonist commonly used to relief spasticity related to motor disorders."	1.39	Selective effects of baclofen on use-dependent modulation of GABAB inhibition after tetraplegia. ( Barry, MD; Bunday, KL; Chen, R; Perez, MA, 2013)
"Two patients with spinal myoclonus who required the use of an assistive device because of difficulty walking resulting in falls."	1.38	Intrathecal baclofen for the treatment of spinal myoclonus: a case series. ( Chiodo, AE; Saval, A, 2012)
"In one patient, the BS along with spastic signs disappeared after intrathecal injection of Baclofen."	1.36	The occurrence of the Babinski sign in complete spinal cord injury. ( Dietz, V; Petersen, JA; Schubert, M, 2010)
"Parameters evaluated included daily dosage of medication required, flex vs simple continuous delivery modes, dosing changes, need for other local spasticity treatment, and catheter complications."	1.36	Intrathecal baclofen for spasticity management: a comparative analysis of spasticity of spinal vs cortical origin. ( Chiodo, AE; Saval, A, 2010)
"Recurrent respiratory tract infections and occasional decubitus required periodic hospitalizations."	1.35	[Comprehensive management of a child with a post-traumatic brain stem and spinal cord injury. A case study and presentation of current therapeutic modalities]. ( Inglot, B; Kobylarz, K; Kwiatkowski, S; Mróz, A, 2008)
"Baclofen per se has the potential of lowering blood pressure."	1.35	Intrathecal baclofen for autonomic instability due to spinal cord injury. ( Kofler, M; Poustka, K; Saltuari, L, 2009)
"At 4 weeks after Th9-10 spinal cord transection awake cystometry and recordings of external urethral sphincter electromyogram were performed to examine the effect of intrathecal application of the gamma-aminobutyric acid A and B agonists muscimol and baclofen or the gamma-aminobutyric acid A and B antagonists bicuculline and saclofen (Tocris Cookson, Ellisville, Missouri), respectively, at the level of the L6-S1 spinal cord."	1.35	GABA receptor activation in the lumbosacral spinal cord decreases detrusor overactivity in spinal cord injured rats. ( Chancellor, MB; de Groat, WC; Hiragata, S; Miyazato, M; Sasatomi, K; Sugaya, K; Yoshimura, N, 2008)
"Treatment of spasticity with intrathecal baclofen pump implantation is a chance for clinical improvement in patients with severe spasticity."	1.34	[The parents expectations after baclofen pump implantation in child with severe spasticity in physical rehabilitation and psychological aspects]. ( Fafara, A; Grzegorzewski, P; Kawecka, J; Kawecki, Z; Kwiatkowski, S, 2007)
"Reduction of spasticity and spasms achieved with intrathecally delivered baclofen, leads to functional improvement and pain relief."	1.33	Functional outcome of intrathecal baclofen administration for severe spasticity. ( Boviatsis, EJ; Korfias, S; Kouyialis, AT; Sakas, DE, 2005)
"Consecutive sample with acute tetraplegia."	1.33	A longitudinal evaluation of sleep and breathing in the first year after cervical spinal cord injury. ( Berlowitz, DJ; Brown, DJ; Campbell, DA; Pierce, RJ, 2005)
"We assessed spasticity and obtained polysomnography, pulmonary function tests, and resting energy expenditure measurements 1 week before and at least 8 days after pump implantation."	1.33	Effect of intrathecal baclofen on sleep and respiratory function in patients with spasticity. ( Bensmail, D; Benyahia, S; Bohic, M; Bussel, B; Denys, P; Lofaso, F; Quera Salva, MA; Roche, N, 2006)
"Patients that were receiving anti-spasticity medications (e."	1.32	Windup of flexion reflexes in chronic human spinal cord injury: a marker for neuronal plateau potentials? ( Benz, EN; Hornby, TG; Rymer, WZ; Schmit, BD, 2003)
"We present a SCI patient, in whom bladder calculi acted as red herring for increased spasticity whereas the real cause was spontaneous extrusion of catheter from intrathecal space."	1.32	Bladder stones - red herring for resurgence of spasticity in a spinal cord injury patient with implantation of Medtronic Synchromed pump for intrathecal delivery of baclofen - a case report. ( Hughes, PL; Oo, T; Sett, P; Singh, G; Soni, BM; Vaidyanathan, S; Watt, JW, 2003)
"To report treatment of spasticity in a spinal cord-injured person with intrathecal morphine after the person developed tolerance to intrathecal baclofen."	1.32	Treatment of spasticity in a spinal cord-injured patient with intrathecal morphine due to intrathecal baclofen tolerance--a case report and review of literature. ( Mani, RM; Oo, T; Soni, BM; Vaidyanathan, S, 2003)
"Twelve patients with intractable spasticity caused by spinal cord injuries underwent implantation of a programmable continuous infusion pump after significant reduction in spasticity following an intrathecal test bolus of baclofen."	1.31	Continuous intrathecal infusion of baclofen in patients with spasticity caused by spinal cord injuries. ( Darwish, N; Gaab, MR; Glaeser, E; Korenkov, AI; Niendorf, WR, 2002)
"Severe, uncontrolled spasticity resulting from spinal cord injury (SCI) and multiple sclerosis (MS) can have a profound effect on the patient's ability to function and thus, their quality of life."	1.30	Quality of life: effect of reduced spasticity from intrathecal baclofen. ( Gianino, JM; Paice, JA; Shott, S; York, MM, 1998)
"35 patients with severe spasticity, 29 of spinal origin and six of supraspinal origin resistant to conservative treatment, had a programmable pump (Synchromed, Medtronic) for continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion implanted."	1.30	[Continuous intrathecal infusion of baclofen. A new therapeutic method for spasticity]. ( Berg-Johnsen, J; Lundar, T; Røste, GK; Solgaard, T, 1998)
" The present study investigated the effect of chronic administration of baclofen on the provocative testing of hGH secretion and plasma IGF-I levels."	1.29	Chronic baclofen therapy improves the blunted growth hormone response to intravenous arginine in subjects with spinal cord injury. ( Bauman, WA; Spungen, AM; Tsitouras, PD; Zhong, YG, 1994)
" We describe a 39-year-old quadriplegic women who, over a 16-week period, developed clinical signs of baclofen toxicity confirmed by progressively rising serum baclofen levels while on a conventional stable dosing regimen."	1.29	Baclofen toxicity in a patient with subclinical renal insufficiency. ( Aisen, ML; Dietz, M; Kutt, H; McDowell, F, 1994)
" Our data show that there was a significant increase in baclofen dosage needed to control spasticity during the first 12 months post implantation."	1.29	Intrathecal baclofen: does tolerance occur? ( Akman, MN; Donovan, WH; Loubser, PG; O'Neill, ME; Rossi, CD, 1993)
"Case series evaluating spasticity using clinical scales commonly referenced in contemporary literature, including the Penn Spasm Frequency Scale, the Ashworth Scale, and standard scales of tendon taps, clonus, and plantar stimulation."	1.29	Clinical assessment of spasticity in spinal cord injury: a multidimensional problem. ( Kharas, NF; Markowski, J; Priebe, MM; Sherwood, AM; Thornby, JI, 1996)
"Clonidine was added to baclofen in the pump reservoir and both drugs were administered intrathecally in combination."	1.29	Intrathecal clonidine and baclofen in the management of spasticity and neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury: a case study. ( Middleton, JW; Molloy, AR; Rutkowski, SB; Siddall, PJ; Walker, S, 1996)
"Baclofen is a centrally acting muscle relaxant used for treatment of spasticity."	1.28	Clinical and pharmacokinetic aspects of high dose oral baclofen therapy. ( Aisen, ML; Cedarbaum, JM; Dietz, MA; Kutt, H; Rossi, P, 1992)
"Baclofen was given intrathecally to six patients with severe lower limb spasticity due to traumatic spinal cord injury."	1.28	Intrathecal baclofen and the H-reflex. ( Grundy, D; Macdonell, RA; Swash, M; Talalla, A, 1989)
"Six patients with long-lasting spasticity resistant to different drug therapies including oral baclofen received a bolus injection of lumbar intrathecal baclofen."	1.28	Short-term effects of intrathecal baclofen in spasticity. ( Corcos, DM; Gottlieb, GL; Latash, ML; Penn, RD, 1989)
"We report on a group of patients with spasticity not relieved by these methods."	1.28	Functional outcome after delivery of intrathecal baclofen. ( Corcos, D; Parke, B; Penn, RD; Savoy, SM, 1989)
"We present the case of a spastic quadriplegic who developed mental symptoms which resolved when his Baclofen was discontinued."	1.27	Reversible electroencephalogram changes associated with administration of baclofen in a quadriplegic patient: case report. ( Lee, L; Riley, TL; Wainapel, SF, 1986)
"Baclofen is a muscle relaxant approved in this country for the treatment of muscle spasms secondary to multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and other spinal diseases."	1.27	Hallucinations after preoperative baclofen discontinuation in spinal cord injury patients. ( Harrison, SA; Wood, CA, 1985)
"Motor point blocks may partially dampen spasticity in selected muscles of some patients."	1.26	Management of spasticity in spinal cord injury. ( Merritt, JL, 1981)
"Baclofen is a new alternative in the medical treatment of postural non-electrically induced detrusor striated sphincter dyssynergia in spinal cord injury patients."	1.26	Baclofen in the treatment of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia in spinal cord injury patients. ( Leyson, JF; Martin, BF; Sporer, A, 1980)

Research

Studies (206)

Authors

Clinical Trials (6)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Subjects Experiencing Maximal MAS Change From Baseline - Spasticity of Cerebral Origin

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	23 (11.17)	18.7374
1990's	51 (24.76)	18.2507
2000's	57 (27.67)	29.6817
2010's	56 (27.18)	24.3611
2020's	19 (9.22)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Li, M	1
Huang, Y	1
Chen, R	2
Liu, N	1
Fang, S	1
Biktimirov, A	3
Pak, O	1
Bryukhovetskiy, I	3
Sharma, A	3
Sharma, HS	3
Mousigian, MA	1
Rosenblum, SA	1
Neil Knierbein, EE	1
Daunter, AK	1
Pisano, TJ	1
Ace, J	1
Hon, B	1
Dietz, N	1
Wagers, S	1
Harkema, SJ	1
D'Amico, JM	1
de Sousa, N	2
Pinho, AG	1
Monteiro, S	2
Liberato, V	1
Santos, DJ	1
Campos, J	1
Cibrão, JR	1
Silva, NA	1
Barreiro-Iglesias, A	3
Salgado, AJ	2
Cinone, N	1
Santoro, L	1
Spina, S	1
Facciorusso, S	1
Battaglia, M	1
Baricich, A	1
Marcogiuseppe, P	1
Santamato, A	2
Gorgey, AS	2
Goldsmith, JA	1
Khalil, RE	1
Liu, XH	1
Pan, J	1
Cardozo, C	1
Adler, RA	1
Koopmans, RJ	1
Meskers, CGM	1
de Groot, V	2
Slot, KM	1
Chan, J	1
Singh, H	1
Shem, K	1
Delhaas, EM	2
Harhangi, BS	1
van Doormaal, PJ	1
Dinkelaar, W	1
van Es, ACGM	1
van Assema, DME	1
Frankema, SPG	2
van der Lugt, A	1
Huygen, FJPM	2
Yoshizaki, S	1
Yokota, K	1
Kubota, K	1
Saito, T	1
Tanaka, M	1
Konno, DJ	1
Maeda, T	2
Matsumoto, Y	1
Nakashima, Y	1
Okada, S	1
Gold, J	1
Zhao, K	1
Abraham, M	1
Behmer Hansen, R	1
Lad, M	1
Mammis, A	1
Wang, SF	1
Wang, ZM	1
Song, WD	1
Tang, ZC	1
Chai, Y	1
Štětkářová, I	1
Krámská, L	1
Keller, J	1
Santos, D	1
Silva, N	1
Woolf, SM	1
Baum, CR	1
Del Fabro, AS	1
Mejia, M	1
Nemunaitis, G	1
Tysseling, VM	1
Klein, DA	1
Imhoff-Manuel, R	1
Manuel, M	1
Heckman, CJ	1
Tresch, MC	1
Bakare, AA	1
Weyhenmeyer, J	1
Lee, A	1
Kumru, H	5
Benito-Penalva, J	1
Kofler, M	9
Vidal, J	4
Hacene, B	1
Draulans, N	3
Theys, T	2
Kawano, O	1
Masuda, M	1
Takao, T	1
Sakai, H	1
Morishita, Y	1
Hayashi, T	1
Ueta, T	2
Romaus-Sanjurjo, D	1
Ledo-García, R	1
Fernández-López, B	1
Hanslik, K	1
Morgan, JR	1
Rodicio, MC	1
Calvo, ME	1
Gunnarsson, T	1
Smith, L	1
Hao, M	1
Yan, X	1
Lan, J	1
Liu, Y	1
Miao, J	1
Cragg, JJ	1
Tong, B	1
Jutzeler, CR	1
Warner, FM	1
Cashman, N	1
Geisler, F	1
Kramer, JLK	1
Decramer, T	1
Wouters, A	1
Kiekens, C	3
Roels, E	1
Nuttin, B	2
Peers, K	2
Hatem, SM	1
Minooee, K	1
Vermeersch, K	1
Degraeuwe, B	1
Meurrens, T	1
Barry, MD	1
Bunday, KL	2
Perez, MA	2
Bauman, WA	6
La Fountaine, MF	1
Cirnigliaro, CM	2
Kirshblum, SC	3
Spungen, AM	4
Kucharíková, A	1
Schreiberová, A	1
Závodská, M	1
Gedrová, Š	1
Hricová, Ľ	2
Pavel, J	2
Gálik, J	2
Maršala, M	2
Lukáčová, N	2
McIntyre, A	1
Mays, R	1
Mehta, S	2
Janzen, S	1
Townson, A	1
Hsieh, J	1
Wolfe, D	2
Teasell, R	1
Chu, VW	1
Hornby, TG	3
Schmit, BD	3
Borrini, L	1
Bensmail, D	3
Thiebaut, JB	2
Hugeron, C	1
Rech, C	1
Jourdan, C	1
Tazoe, T	1
Rothwell, JC	1
Reynolds, RM	1
Morton, RP	1
Walker, ML	1
Massagli, TL	1
Browd, SR	1
Gunnarsson, S	1
Samuelsson, K	1
Khurana, SR	1
Garg, DS	1
Gündüz, A	1
Uzun, N	1
Örnek, Nİ	1
Ünalan, H	1
Karamehmetoğlu, ŞS	1
Kızıltan, ME	1
Kisucká, A	1
Strosznajder, JB	1
Chalimoniuk, M	1
Langfort, J	1
Radoňak, J	1
Manix, M	1
Wilden, J	1
Cuellar-Saenz, HH	1
Ravindra, VM	1
Ray, WZ	1
Sayama, CM	1
Dailey, AT	1
Carter, GT	1
Veerakumar, A	1
Cheng, JJ	1
Sunshine, A	1
Ye, X	1
Zorowitz, RD	1
Anderson, WS	1
Clearfield, JS	1
Nelson, ME	1
McGuire, J	1
Rein, LE	1
Tarima, S	1
Dekopov, AV	1
Shabalov, VA	1
Tomskiy, AA	1
Gaevyi, IO	1
Salova, EM	1
Mi, YP	1
Bailey, AZ	1
Nelson, AJ	1
Agarwal, S	1
Patel, T	1
Shah, N	1
Patel, BM	1
Jones, ML	1
Leslie, DP	1
Bilsky, G	1
Bowman, B	1
Kobylarz, K	1
Kwiatkowski, S	3
Inglot, B	1
Mróz, A	1
Poustka, K	1
Saltuari, L	3
D'Aleo, G	1
Rifici, C	2
Bramanti, P	1
Heetla, HW	2
Staal, MJ	2
Kliphuis, C	1
van Laar, T	2
Valls-Solé, J	2
Portell, E	3
Bowden, M	1
Stokic, DS	1
Chiodo, AE	3
Gater, DR	1
Petersen, JA	1
Schubert, M	1
Dietz, V	1
Peerdeman, SM	1
Feller, RE	1
Thomas, CK	1
Häger-Ross, CK	1
Klein, CS	1
Morton, CM	1
Rosenow, J	1
Wong, C	1
Kirschner, KL	1
Maugans, TA	1
Wyndaele, JJ	1
Saval, A	2
Teasell, RW	1
Aubut, JA	1
Foulon, B	1
Wolfe, DL	1
Hsieh, JT	1
Townson, AF	1
Short, C	1
Gómez-Soriano, J	1
Goiriena, E	1
Taylor, J	1
Panza, F	1
Ranieri, M	1
Amoruso, MT	1
Amoruso, L	1
Frisardi, V	1
Solfrizzi, V	1
Fiore, P	1
Nance, PW	2
Huff, FJ	1
Martinez-Arizala, A	1
Ayyoub, Z	1
Chen, D	1
Bian, A	1
Stamler, D	1
Marquer, A	1
Roche, N	2
Godard, AL	1
Lofaso, F	2
Quera-Salva, MA	1
Hama, A	1
Sagen, J	1
Rekand, T	1
Hagen, EM	1
Grønning, M	1
Turner, M	1
Nguyen, HS	1
Cohen-Gadol, AA	1
Angeli, C	1
Ochsner, J	1
Harkema, S	1
Flores, MC	1
Robles, V	1
Leon, N	1
Korenkov, AI	1
Niendorf, WR	1
Darwish, N	1
Glaeser, E	1
Gaab, MR	1
Rymer, WZ	1
Benz, EN	1
Vaidyanathan, S	4
Soni, BM	4
Oo, T	3
Hughes, PL	2
Singh, G	3
Watt, JW	2
Sett, P	2
Meythaler, JM	3
Roper, JF	1
Brunner, RC	1
Denys, P	4
Even-Schneider, A	1
Rémy-Néris, O	3
Ben Smaïl, D	1
Chartier-Kastler, E	2
Bussel, B	4
Elovic, E	2
Mani, RM	1
Roberts, AG	1
Graves, CR	1
Konrad, PE	1
Groomes, TE	1
Pfister, AA	1
Damian, MM	1
Charles, PD	1
Pasquier, Y	1
Cahana, A	1
Schnider, A	1
Selmi, F	1
Liu, J	1
Hao, S	1
Huang, S	1
Glorioso, JC	1
Mata, M	1
Fink, DJ	1
Plassat, R	1
Perrouin Verbe, B	1
Menei, P	1
Menegalli, D	1
Mathé, JF	1
Richard, I	1
Dario, A	2
Tomei, G	2
Li, Y	1
Li, X	1
Harvey, PJ	1
Bennett, DJ	1
Zahavi, A	1
Geertzen, JH	1
Middel, B	1
Staal, M	1
Rietman, JS	1
Kesiktas, N	1
Paker, N	1
Erdogan, N	1
Gülsen, G	1
Biçki, D	1
Yilmaz, H	1
Adams, MM	1
Hicks, AL	1
Scamoni, C	1
Picano, M	1
Casagrande, F	1
Boviatsis, EJ	1
Kouyialis, AT	1
Korfias, S	1
Sakas, DE	2
Berlowitz, DJ	1
Brown, DJ	1
Campbell, DA	1
Pierce, RJ	1
Douglas, AF	1
Weiner, HL	1
Schwartz, DR	1
Aydin, G	1
Tomruk, S	1
Keleş, I	1
Demir, SO	1
Orkun, S	1
Kahn, JH	1
Wu, M	1
Morrison, NG	1
Zhang, RL	1
Taricco, M	2
Pagliacci, MC	1
Telaro, E	2
Adone, R	2
Quera Salva, MA	1
Benyahia, S	1
Bohic, M	1
Al Khudhairi, D	1
Rababa, A	1
Saddiqui, MN	1
Schneider, AE	1
Ben-Smail, D	1
Ruffion, A	1
Oliviero, A	1
Rubio-Esteban, M	1
Foffani, G	1
Aguilar, J	1
Lopez-Dolado, E	1
Arzoz-Lezaun, T	1
Godino-Duran, JA	1
Gómez-Argüelles, JM	1
Pérez-Borrego, Y	1
de la Cruz, FS	1
Di Lazzaro, V	1
Koulousakis, A	1
Kuchta, J	1
Rapidi, CA	1
Panourias, IG	1
Petropoulou, K	1
Smit, CA	1
Slim, EJ	1
Müller, H	2
Swierczyńska, A	1
Fafara, A	1
Kawecka, J	2
Grzegorzewski, P	1
Kawecki, Z	1
Miyazato, M	2
Sasatomi, K	2
Hiragata, S	2
Sugaya, K	2
Chancellor, MB	3
de Groat, WC	2
Yoshimura, N	2
Vanhauwaert, DJ	1
Kalala, JP	1
Baert, E	1
Hallaert, G	1
Crombez, E	1
Caemaert, J	1
Van Roost, D	1
Doraisamy, P	1
Vij, SP	1
Don, RG	1
Penn, RD	7
Kroin, JS	4
Keegan, DL	1
Richardson, JS	1
Kirby, AR	1
Roberts, MH	1
Wright, V	1
Delaney, JF	1
Dahlin, PA	1
Merritt, JL	1
Leyson, JF	1
Martin, BF	1
Sporer, A	1
Ali, A	1
York, M	1
Khorasani, A	1
Peruzzi, WT	1
Nance, P	1
Schryvers, O	1
Schmidt, B	1
Dubo, H	1
Loveridge, B	1
Fewer, D	1
Akman, MN	2
Loubser, PG	6
Fife, CE	1
Donovan, WH	5
Jamous, A	4
Kennedy, P	1
Psychol, C	1
Grey, N	1
Helén, P	1
Kuurne, T	1
Dicpinigaitis, PV	2
Absgarten, A	1
Almenoff, PL	2
Zhong, YG	1
Tsitouras, PD	1
Rivas, DA	1
Hill, K	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Dexmedetomidine Comme Adjuvant à la rachianesthésie Lors de césariennes électives : Une étude Pilote[NCT05099055]	Phase 3	42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-03-15	Completed
Immediate Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Muscle Tone in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy[NCT05649254]		22 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2022-11-30	Recruiting
Intrathecal (IT) Baclofen Drug Distribution Pilot Study[NCT02903823]	Phase 4	27 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-04-22	Completed
Transitioning to a Valve-Gated Intrathecal Drug Delivery System (IDDS): A Randomized, Controlled, Multi-center, Prospective Study Evaluating Dose Reduction in ITB Patients.[NCT04530955]		92 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-09-24	Recruiting
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Incobotulinumtoxin Type A for the Functional Improvement of Lower Extremity Spasticity in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis[NCT01968902]	Phase 4	27 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-11-30	Completed
The Use of Penile Vibratory Stimulation to Decrease Spasticity Following Spinal Cord Injury[NCT00223873]		30 participants	Interventional	2002-11-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

"The Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) is a 6-point scale (Standard MAS scale values: 0, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, or 4) used to evaluate spasticity based on grading muscle tone by moving joints. The MAS scores in this cohort are measured in biceps, triceps and forearm flexor muscles in upper extremities; and quadriceps, hamstrings and gastrocnemius muscles in lower extremities. The score ranges from 0 (no increase in muscle tone) to 4 (affected part(s) rigid in flexion or extension). Improvement in spasticity was a reduction in MAS score by 1 point across a joint tested. Maximal MAS change is the sum of MAS score reduction in all four limbs tested.~This outcome looks at subjects with spasticity of cerebral origin." (NCT02903823)
Timeframe: Baseline to 6 hours post-injection

Subjects Experiencing Maximal MAS Change From Baseline - Spasticity of Spinal Origin

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Cervical level 4 injection site	Thoracic level 3 injection site	Thoracic level 10 injection site	Lumbar lever 2 injection site
Subjects With Max MAS Change	8	7	3	3

"The Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) is a 6-point scale (Standard MAS scale values: 0, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, or 4) used to evaluate spasticity based on grading muscle tone by moving joints. The MAS scores in this cohort are measured in biceps, triceps and forearm flexor muscles in upper extremities; and quadriceps, hamstrings and gastrocnemius muscles in lower extremities. The score ranges from 0 (no increase in muscle tone) to 4 (affected part(s) rigid in flexion or extension). Improvement in spasticity was a reduction in MAS score by 1 point across a joint tested. Maximal MAS change is the sum of MAS score reduction in all four limbs tested.~This outcome looks at subjects with spasticity of spinal origin." (NCT02903823)
Timeframe: Baseline to 6 hours post-injection

Article	Year
Intrathecal and Oral Baclofen Use in Adults With Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review of Efficacy in Spasticity Reduction, Functional Changes, Dosing, and Adverse Events. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2023, Volume: 104, Issue:1 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Baclofen; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Muscle Relaxants, Central;	2023
Encephalopathy of Unknown Origin in a Baclofen Patient: Case Report and Review of the Literature. World neurosurgery, 2020, Volume: 136 Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Baclofen; Brain Diseases; Electroencephalography;	2020
Role of Baclofen in Modulating Spasticity and Neuroprotection in Spinal Cord Injury. Journal of neurotrauma, 2022, Volume: 39, Issue:3-4 Topics: Baclofen; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle Spasticity; Neuroprotection;	2022
Baclofen Pumps: Uses and Complications. Pediatric emergency care, 2017, Volume: 33, Issue:4 Topics: Baclofen; Brain Injuries; Dystonia; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Reoperation; Spinal Cord In	2017
Examining the effectiveness of intrathecal baclofen on spasticity in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury: a systematic review. The journal of spinal cord medicine, 2014, Volume: 37, Issue:1 Topics: Baclofen; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle Spasticity; Spinal Cord Inju	2014
Spasticity and the use of intrathecal baclofen in patients with spinal cord injury. Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America, 2014, Volume: 25, Issue:3 Topics: Baclofen; Equipment Failure; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Infusion	2014
[Intrathecal baclofen for severe spasticity]. Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo, 2008, Volume: 60, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Aged; Baclofen; Female; GABA Agonists; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spina	2008
Intrathecal baclofen administration during pregnancy: a case series and focused clinical review. PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation, 2009, Volume: 1, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle Spasticity; P	2009
A systematic review of pharmacologic treatments of pain after spinal cord injury. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2010, Volume: 91, Issue:5 Topics: Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Antidepressive Agents; Baclofen; Cannabinoids; Humans; Pain; Spinal Cor	2010
Effect of spinal cord injury and of intrathecal baclofen on brainstem reflexes. Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2012, Volume: 123, Issue:1 Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Animals; Baclofen; Blinking; Brain Stem; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Humans; Inj	2012
Spasticity following spinal cord injury. Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 2012, Apr-30, Volume: 132, Issue:8 Topics: Administration, Oral; Baclofen; Botulinum Toxins; Critical Pathways; Humans; Infusions, Spinal; Inje	2012
[Intrathecal therapy for bladder hyperreflexia]. Neuro-Chirurgie, 2003, Volume: 49, Issue:2-3 Pt 2 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Baclofen; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Muscle Rel	2003
Managing spasticity in spinal cord injury: safe administration of bridge boluses during intrathecal baclofen pump refills. The journal of spinal cord medicine, 2003,Spring, Volume: 26, Issue:1 Topics: Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Infusions, Parenter	2003
A benefit-risk assessment of baclofen in severe spinal spasticity. Drug safety, 2004, Volume: 27, Issue:11 Topics: Administration, Oral; Baclofen; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Multiple Scler	2004
Spasticity after spinal cord injury. Spinal cord, 2005, Volume: 43, Issue:10 Topics: Baclofen; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle Spasticity; Spinal Cord Inju	2005
Pharmacological complications of the chronic baclofen infusion in the severe spinal spasticity. Personal experience and review of the literature. Journal of neurosurgical sciences, 2004, Volume: 48, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Constipation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug	2004
Prolonged intrathecal baclofen withdrawal syndrome. Case report and discussion of current therapeutic management. Journal of neurosurgery, 2005, Volume: 102, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Humans; Infusion Pumps; Injections, Spinal; Male; Meningitis; Methicillin Resistanc	2005
Pharmacological interventions for spasticity following spinal cord injury: results of a Cochrane systematic review. Europa medicophysica, 2006, Volume: 42, Issue:1 Topics: Baclofen; Clonidine; Dantrolene; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle Spasticity; Randomized Co	2006
Management and rehabilitation of neuropathic bladder in patients with spinal cord lesion. Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement, 2007, Volume: 97, Issue:Pt 1 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Humans; Male; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Spinal Cord Injuries; Urinary Bladder; Uri	2007
Functional effects of spinal baclofen. Przeglad lekarski, 2007, Volume: 64 Suppl 2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Baclofen; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; GABA Agonists	2007
[Treatment of spasticity by intrathecal baclofen treatment]. Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja, 1993, Volume: 109, Issue:14 Topics: Baclofen; Female; Humans; Infusion Pumps; Injections, Spinal; Male; Multiple Sclerosis; Muscle Spast	1993
Intrathecal baclofen for severe spasticity secondary to spinal cord injury. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 1993, Volume: 27, Issue:6 Topics: Baclofen; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Muscle Spasticity; Spinal Cord Injur	1993
An approach to switching patients from baclofen to tizanidine. Hospital medicine (London, England : 1998), 1998, Volume: 59, Issue:10 Topics: Baclofen; Clinical Competence; Clonidine; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Mus	1998
Continuous intrathecal baclofen infusions. An introduction and overview. Axone (Dartmouth, N.S.), 1999, Volume: 20, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Injections, Spinal; Multiple Sclero	1999
Death after acute withdrawal of intrathecal baclofen: case report and literature review. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 1999, Volume: 80, Issue:12 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Baclofen; Brain Death; Cervical Vertebrae; Equipment Failure; Fatal Out	1999
Treatment alternatives for spinal cord injury related spasticity. The journal of spinal cord medicine, 1999,Fall, Volume: 22, Issue:3 Topics: Baclofen; Botulinum Toxins; Disability Evaluation; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Muscle Relaxants, Cen	1999
Continuous intrathecal baclofen infusions. An introduction and overview. Axone (Dartmouth, N.S.), 1999, Volume: 20, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Muscle Spasticity; Nursing Assessme	1999
Pharmacological interventions for spasticity following spinal cord injury. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2000, Issue:2 Topics: Baclofen; Clonidine; Dantrolene; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Parasympatholytics; Spasm; Spina	2000
Principles of pharmaceutical management of spastic hypertonia. Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America, 2001, Volume: 12, Issue:4 Topics: Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Botulinum Toxins; Brain Injuries; Clonidine; Dant	2001
Intrathecal baclofen therapy for spastic hypertonia. Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America, 2001, Volume: 12, Issue:4 Topics: Baclofen; Cerebral Palsy; Drug Overdose; GABA Agonists; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Multiple Scleros	2001
Pharmacologic strategies in the treatment of experimental spinal cord injury. Journal of neurotrauma, 1992, Volume: 9 Suppl 1 Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Animals; Baclofen; Disease Models, Animal; Gangliosides; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation	1992

Article	Year
Neuromodulation and quality of life for patient with spasticity after spinal cord injury. International review of neurobiology, 2023, Volume: 172 Topics: Baclofen; Female; Humans; Male; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle Spasticity; Pain; Quality of Life;	2023
Analgesic effect of intrathecal baclofen bolus on neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury patients. Brain research bulletin, 2018, Volume: 140 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Baclofen; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Age	2018
Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Spasticity Caused by Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 2018, Nov-13, Volume: 24 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Female; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Muscle S	2018
Low-dose baclofen therapy raised plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations, but not into the normal range in a predictable and sustained manner in men with chronic spinal cord injury. The journal of spinal cord medicine, 2013, Volume: 36, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Chronic Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Fact	2013
Effect of antispastic drugs on motor reflexes and voluntary muscle contraction in incomplete spinal cord injury. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2014, Volume: 95, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Clonidine; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Electromyography; Humans; Isome	2014
Comparative study of therapeutic response to baclofen vs tolperisone in spasticity. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2017, Volume: 87 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Baclofen; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Femal	2017
Effects of intrathecal baclofen on perceived sexual functioning in men with spinal cord injury. The journal of spinal cord medicine, 2008, Volume: 31, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Erectile Dysfunction; Health Surveys; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Longitud	2008
Oral baclofen administration in persons with chronic spinal cord injury does not prevent the protective effects of spasticity on body composition and glucose homeostasis. Spinal cord, 2010, Volume: 48, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Baclofen; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dos	2010
Efficacy and safety study of arbaclofen placarbil in patients with spasticity due to spinal cord injury. Spinal cord, 2011, Volume: 49, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action Preparations; Double-Blind Method; Female; Human	2011
Pilot study assessing the impact of intrathecal baclofen administration mode on sleep-related respiratory parameters. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2012, Volume: 93, Issue:1 Topics: Baclofen; Disabled Persons; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Female;	2012
Long term effect (more than five years) of intrathecal baclofen on impairment, disability, and quality of life in patients with severe spasticity of spinal origin. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 2004, Volume: 75, Issue:11 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Aged; Baclofen; Disability Evaluation; Dose-Response Relationship	2004
The use of hydrotherapy for the management of spasticity. Neurorehabilitation and neural repair, 2004, Volume: 18, Issue:4 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Administration, Oral; Adult; Baclofen; Combined Modality Therapy; Disabi	2004
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation versus baclofen in spasticity: clinical and electrophysiologic comparison. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation, 2005, Volume: 84, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Female; GABA Agonists; H-Reflex; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Relaxants, Centr	2005
Temporal facilitation of spastic stretch reflexes following human spinal cord injury. The Journal of physiology, 2006, Mar-15, Volume: 571, Issue:Pt 3 Topics: Adult; Ankle Joint; Baclofen; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Neurons; Mu	2006
Effect of low-dose baclofen administration on plasma insulin-like growth factor-I in persons with spinal cord injury. Journal of clinical pharmacology, 2006, Volume: 46, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Chronic Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Fact	2006
Intrathecal antispastic drug application with implantable pumps: results of a 10 year follow-up study. Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement, 2007, Volume: 97, Issue:Pt 1 Topics: Baclofen; Cerebellar Diseases; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Routes; Female;	2007
[Assessment of spasticity therapy with baclofen pump in children]. Przeglad lekarski, 2007, Volume: 64 Suppl 2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Baclofen; Child; Feasibility Studies; Follow-Up Studies; GABA Agonists; Hemiplegi	2007
A comparison of clonidine, cyproheptadine and baclofen in spastic spinal cord injured patients. The Journal of the American Paraplegia Society, 1994, Volume: 17, Issue:3 Topics: Baclofen; Clonidine; Cyproheptadine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule;	1994
Intrathecal baclofen for treatment of intractable spinal spasticity. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 1994, Volume: 75, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Chronic Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Female; Hum	1994
Intrathecal baclofen for intractable spasticity of spinal origin: results of a long-term multicenter study. Journal of neurosurgery, 1993, Volume: 78, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Baclofen; Double-Blind Method; Drug Tolerance; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infus	1993
Intrathecal baclofen administration for control of severe spinal spasticity: functional improvement and long-term follow-up. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 1996, Volume: 77, Issue:1 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Baclofen; Drug Overdose; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infus	1996
Chronic intrathecal delivery of baclofen by a programmable pump for the treatment of severe spasticity. Journal of neurosurgery, 1996, Volume: 85, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Baclofen; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple S	1996
Intrathecal baclofen--a multicentre clinical comparison of the Medtronics Programmable, Cordis Secor and Constant Infusion Infusaid drug delivery systems. Paraplegia, 1995, Volume: 33, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Baclofen; Drug Delivery Systems; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Inj	1995
Effects of intrathecal baclofen on chronic spinal cord injury pain. Journal of pain and symptom management, 1996, Volume: 12, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Back Pain; Baclofen; Female; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Male; Middle Aged; Neuralgi	1996
Effects of drugs on walking after spinal cord injury. Spinal cord, 1998, Volume: 36, Issue:10 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Baclofen; Clonidine; Cyproheptadine; Electromyography; Exercise Te	1998
Intrathecal baclofen in tetraplegia of spinal origin: efficacy for upper extremity hypertonia. Spinal cord, 2001, Volume: 39, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Arm; Baclofen; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Leg; Male; Mid	2001
An evaluation of baclofen treatment for certain symptoms in patients with spinal cord lesions. A double-blind, cross-over study. Neurology, 1976, Volume: 26, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aminobutyrates; Baclofen; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Male; Mo	1976
Pharmacological rebound: a tool in the evaluation of antispasticity drugs. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 1976, Volume: 57, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Aminobutyrates; Baclofen; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Male; Mi	1976
Continuous intrathecal baclofen in spinal cord spasticity. A prospective study. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation, 1992, Volume: 71, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Catheters, Indwelling; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Femal	1992
Intrathecal baclofen suppresses central pain in patients with spinal lesions. A pilot study. The Clinical journal of pain, 1992, Volume: 8, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; R	1992
Intrathecal baclofen. Effects on nocturnal leg muscle spasticity. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation, 1992, Volume: 71, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Double-Blind Method; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Infusion Pumps; Injections,	1992
Continuous infusion of intrathecal baclofen: long-term effects on spasticity in spinal cord injury. Paraplegia, 1991, Volume: 29, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Baclofen; Humans; Infusion Pumps; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle	1991
The supraspinal anxiolytic effect of baclofen for spasticity reduction. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation, 1990, Volume: 69, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Baclofen; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Male; Muscle Spasticity; Random Allocation; Spina	1990
Spasticity in spinal cord injured persons: quantitative effects of baclofen and placebo treatments. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation, 1990, Volume: 69, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Double-Blind Method; Electrophysiology; Humans; Male; Muscle Spasticity; Placebos;	1990
Intrathecal baclofen for long-term treatment of spasticity: a multi-centre study. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 1989, Volume: 52, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Catheters, Indwelling; Clinical Trials as Topic; Electromyography; Female; Follow-U	1989
Intrathecal baclofen for severe spinal spasticity. The New England journal of medicine, 1989, Jun-08, Volume: 320, Issue:23 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Infusion Pumps; Male	1989

Article	Year
Efficacy and safety of tolperisone versus baclofen among Chinese patients with spasticity associated with spinal cord injury: a non-randomized retrospective study. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas, 2021, Volume: 54, Issue:11 Topics: Baclofen; China; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Retrospective Studies; Spinal Cord Injuries; Tol	2021
Neuromodulation as a basic platform for neuroprotection and repair after spinal cord injury. Progress in brain research, 2021, Volume: 266 Topics: Baclofen; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle Spasticity; Neuroprotection; Spinal Cord Injurie	2021
Neonatal baclofen withdrawal following intrauterine exposure. Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicine, 2022, Volume: 15, Issue:2 Topics: Baclofen; Cesarean Section; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Injections, Spinal; Male; Muscle Relaxa	2022
Transient alteration of consciousness in spinal cord injury secondary to Baclofen use: a case report. Spinal cord series and cases, 2022, 05-21, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Baclofen; Consciousness; Humans; Hypotension, Orthostatic; Male; Spinal	2022
Acute baclofen administration promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury. The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society, 2023, Volume: 23, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Mice; Recovery of Function; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries	2023
Reasons and Determinants of BoNT-A Treatment Discontinuation in Patients Living with Spasticity: A 10-Year Retrospective Analysis. Toxins, 2022, 09-29, Volume: 14, Issue:10 Topics: Baclofen; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Humans; Middle Aged; Multiple Scleros	2022
Predictors of muscle hypertrophy responsiveness to electrically evoked resistance training after spinal cord injury. European journal of applied physiology, 2023, Volume: 123, Issue:3 Topics: Baclofen; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Humans; Hypertrophy; Muscle Spasticity; Muscle, Skeletal; Pr	2023
Unique form of catheter malconnection following intrathecal baclofen surgery for spinal cord injury: a case report. Acta neurochirurgica, 2023, Volume: 165, Issue:9 Topics: Baclofen; Catheters; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Silicones; Spinal Cord Injuries	2023
The presence of Candida parapsilosis with intrathecal baclofen pump in a person with high cervical spinal cord injury; infection or colonization? A Case Report. Spinal cord series and cases, 2023, Nov-30, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Candida parapsilosis; Cervical Cord; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Male; Mus	2023
Restoration of rostral cerebrospinal fluid flow to solve treatment failure caused by obstruction in long-term intrathecal baclofen administration. The journal of spinal cord medicine, 2021, Volume: 44, Issue:2 Topics: Baclofen; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spinal; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle	2021
Intrathecal baclofen as emergency treatment alleviates severe intractable autonomic dysreflexia in cervical spinal cord injury. The journal of spinal cord medicine, 2021, Volume: 44, Issue:4 Topics: Autonomic Dysreflexia; Baclofen; Cervical Cord; Emergency Treatment; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implant	2021
The beneficial aspects of spasticity in relation to ambulatory ability in mice with spinal cord injury. Spinal cord, 2020, Volume: 58, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Behavior, Animal; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Locomotion; Mice; Mice, Inbred	2020
Efficacy of intrathecal baclofen bolus on neuropathic pain in patients with spinal cord injury: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine, 2020, Jun-19, Volume: 99, Issue:25 Topics: Baclofen; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Neuralgia;	2020
Spinal cord stimulation and intrathecal baclofen therapy for patients with severe spasticity after spinal cord injury. Progress in brain research, 2020, Volume: 258 Topics: Baclofen; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Muscle Spasticity; Spinal Cord Injuries; Spinal	2020
Improvement of Memory Functions in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury After Long-Term Intrathecal Baclofen Delivery for Spasticity Relief. Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society, 2021, Volume: 24, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spinal; Muscle Relaxants, Centra	2021
An investigation of the relationship between autonomic dysreflexia and intrathecal baclofen in patients with spinal cord injury. The journal of spinal cord medicine, 2018, Volume: 41, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Autonomic Dysreflexia; Baclofen; Female; Humans; Infusions, Spinal;	2018
Constitutive activity of 5-HT Journal of neurophysiology, 2017, 11-01, Volume: 118, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Female; Fluoxetine; Mice; Motor Neurons; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Receptor, Ser	2017
Subarachnoid-to-Subarachnoid Shunt for Correction of Nonfunctioning Baclofen Pump in a Severe Case of Chronic Debilitating Post-Spinal Cord Injury Spasticity. World neurosurgery, 2018, Volume: 110 Topics: Baclofen; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle Spasticit	2018
Problems with an intrathecal pump in a paraplegic scuba diver. Diving and hyperbaric medicine, 2018, Jun-30, Volume: 48, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Diving; Humans; Male; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle Spasticity; Quality of Life	2018
The dosage and administration of long-term intrathecal baclofen therapy for severe spasticity of spinal origin. Spinal cord, 2018, Volume: 56, Issue:10 Topics: Baclofen; Drug Tolerance; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spinal	2018
GABA promotes survival and axonal regeneration in identifiable descending neurons after spinal cord injury in larval lampreys. Cell death & disease, 2018, 06-28, Volume: 9, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Axons; Baclofen; Caspases; Cell Survival; Enzyme Activation; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Lampr	2018
Delirium tremens in an AUD patient after an intrathecal baclofen pump induced total alcohol abstinence. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 2018, Volume: 22, Issue:16 Topics: Alcohol Abstinence; Alcohol Drinking; Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Diazepam; H	2018
A Longitudinal Study of the Neurologic Safety of Acute Baclofen Use After Spinal Cord Injury. Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2019, Volume: 16, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Female; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Proportional	2019
Froin Syndrome After Spinal Cord Injury. World neurosurgery, 2019, Volume: 127 Topics: Baclofen; Bilirubin; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Humans; Injections, Spinal;	2019
Permanent mechanical deformation of an intrathecal baclofen pump secondary to scuba diving: a case report. Spinal cord, 2013, Volume: 51, Issue:11 Topics: Accidents; Adult; Baclofen; Diving; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spinal; Male; M	2013
Has the time come for using intrathecal baclofen in neuropathic pain? European journal of pain (London, England), 2013, Volume: 17, Issue:7 Topics: Baclofen; Evoked Potentials; Female; Humans; Male; Pain; Pain Perception; Spinal Cord Injuries	2013
Intrathecal baclofen in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury: complications and long-term dosage evolution. Clinical rehabilitation, 2013, Volume: 27, Issue:12 Topics: Baclofen; Belgium; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; In	2013
Selective effects of baclofen on use-dependent modulation of GABAB inhibition after tetraplegia. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2013, Jul-31, Volume: 33, Issue:31 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Antimanic Agents; Baclofen; Case-Control Studies; Cortical Spreading De	2013
Repeated Baclofen treatment ameliorates motor dysfunction, suppresses reflex activity and decreases the expression of signaling proteins in reticular nuclei and lumbar motoneurons after spinal trauma in rats. Acta histochemica, 2014, Volume: 116, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Gene Expression Regulation; Immunohistochemistry; Lumbosacral Region; Male; Motor	2014
Occurrence of adverse events in long-term intrathecal baclofen infusion: a 1-year follow-up study of 158 adults. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2014, Volume: 95, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Baclofen; Cerebral Palsy; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru	2014
Subcortical control of precision grip after human spinal cord injury. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2014, May-21, Volume: 34, Issue:21 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Baclofen; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Electromyography; Evoked Potenti	2014
Role of dorsal rhizotomy in spinal cord injury-induced spasticity. Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics, 2014, Volume: 14, Issue:3 Topics: Accidental Falls; Adolescent; Baclofen; Cervical Vertebrae; Child; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug;	2014
Patient experiences with intrathecal baclofen as a treatment for spasticity - a pilot study. Disability and rehabilitation, 2015, Volume: 37, Issue:10 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Aged; Baclofen; Cerebral Palsy; Female; Humans; Injections, Spina	2015
Trigemino-cervical reflex in spinal cord injury. Neuroscience letters, 2014, Sep-19, Volume: 580 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Case-Control Studies; Electric Stimulation; Female; GABA Agonists; Humans; Male; Mi	2014
Baclofen or nNOS inhibitor affect molecular and behavioral alterations evoked by traumatic spinal cord injury in rat spinal cord. The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society, 2015, Jun-01, Volume: 15, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Enzyme Inhibitors; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Hot Temperature; Male; Motor Neurons	2015
Percutaneous retrieval of an intrathecal foreign body: technical note. BMJ case reports, 2014, Oct-07, Volume: 2014 Topics: Baclofen; Equipment Failure; Foreign Bodies; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Male; Middle Aged;	2014
Increased spasticity from a fracture in the baclofen catheter caused by Charcot spine: case report. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2015, Volume: 96, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Arthropathy, Neurogenic; Baclofen; Catheterization; Equipment Failure; Humans; Injections, Spi	2015
Pediatric rehabilitation. Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America, 2015, Volume: 26, Issue:1 Topics: Amputation, Surgical; Baclofen; Caregivers; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Disabled Children; Humans; Muscle	2015
Baclofen dosage after traumatic spinal cord injury: a multi-decade retrospective analysis. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 2015, Volume: 129 Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Baclofen; Child; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Inject	2015
Intrathecal Baclofen Dosing Regimens: A Retrospective Chart Review. Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society, 2016, Volume: 19, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Baclofen; Brain Injuries; Cerebral Palsy; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Hum	2016
[Preliminary results of chronic intrathecal therapy in treatment of spastic syndromes of various etiologies]. Zhurnal voprosy neirokhirurgii imeni N. N. Burdenko, 2015, Volume: 79, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Brain Injuries; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Humans; Infusions, Spinal; Muscle Relaxants,	2015
Short- and Long-Intracortical Inhibition in Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury. The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques, 2016, Volume: 43, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Cervical Vertebrae; Electromyography; Evoked Potentials, Motor; GABA-B Receptor Ago	2016
[Comprehensive management of a child with a post-traumatic brain stem and spinal cord injury. A case study and presentation of current therapeutic modalities]. Przeglad lekarski, 2008, Volume: 65, Issue:2 Topics: Baclofen; Brain Injuries; Brain Stem; Cervical Vertebrae; Child; Drug Resistance; Humans; Infusion P	2008
Intrathecal baclofen for autonomic instability due to spinal cord injury. Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical, 2009, Mar-12, Volume: 146, Issue:1-2 Topics: Abdominal Wall; Antihypertensive Agents; Autonomic Dysreflexia; Baclofen; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl C	2009
Favorable response to intrathecal, but not oral, baclofen of priapism in a patient with spinal cord injury. Spine, 2009, Feb-01, Volume: 34, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Baclofen; Brain; Cervical Vertebrae; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug;	2009
The incidence and management of tolerance in intrathecal baclofen therapy. Spinal cord, 2009, Volume: 47, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Baclofen; Cohort Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Tolerance;	2009
Brainstem reflexes are enhanced following severe spinal cord injury and reduced by continuous intrathecal baclofen. Neurorehabilitation and neural repair, 2009, Volume: 23, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Area Under Curve; Baclofen; Brain Stem; Electromyography; Female; GABA Agonists; Humans; Inje	2009
Clinical and neurophysiologic assessment of strength and spasticity during intrathecal baclofen titration in incomplete spinal cord injury: single-subject design. The journal of spinal cord medicine, 2009, Volume: 32, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electromyography; Evoked Po	2009
The occurrence of the Babinski sign in complete spinal cord injury. Journal of neurology, 2010, Volume: 257, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Baclofen; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle	2010
In situ treatment of an infected intrathecal baclofen pump implant with gentamicin-impregnated collagen fleece. Journal of neurosurgery, 2010, Volume: 112, Issue:6 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Baclofen; Collagen; Debridement; Drug Implants; Gentamicins; Humans; Infusion	2010
Effects of baclofen on motor units paralysed by chronic cervical spinal cord injury. Brain : a journal of neurology, 2010, Volume: 133, Issue:Pt 1 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Cervical Vertebrae; Chronic Disease; Electric Stimulation; Female; Humans; Male; Mi	2010
Tolerance to continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion can be reversed by pulsatile bolus infusion. Spinal cord, 2010, Volume: 48, Issue:6 Topics: Baclofen; Drug Tolerance; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections	2010
Alterations in excitatory and inhibitory brainstem interneuronal circuits after severe spinal cord injury. Journal of neurotrauma, 2010, Volume: 27, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Baclofen; Blinking; Brain Stem; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Female; GABA Agonis	2010
Intracranial migration of a fractured intrathecal catheter from a baclofen pump system: case report and analysis of possible causes. Neurosurgery, 2010, Volume: 66, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Baclofen; Cerebral Palsy; Equipment Failure; Foreign-Body Migration; Humans; Infusion Pu	2010
Evidence based spinal cord medicine. Spinal cord, 2010, Volume: 48, Issue:2 Topics: Baclofen; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Neurotransmitter Agents; Spina	2010
Intrathecal baclofen for spasticity management: a comparative analysis of spasticity of spinal vs cortical origin. The journal of spinal cord medicine, 2010, Volume: 33, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Baclofen; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Brain Injuries; Cerebral Cortex;	2010
Spasticity therapy reacts to astrocyte GluA1 receptor upregulation following spinal cord injury. British journal of pharmacology, 2010, Volume: 161, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Baclofen; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Isoquinolines; Muscle Relaxants, Central;	2010
Effect of intrathecal baclofen, botulinum toxin type A and a rehabilitation programme on locomotor function after spinal cord injury: a case report. Journal of rehabilitation medicine, 2010, Volume: 42, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ependymoma; Female; Gait; Huma	2010
Intrathecal baclofen for the treatment of spinal myoclonus: a case series. The journal of spinal cord medicine, 2012, Volume: 35, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Middle Aged; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Myoclon	2012
Combinations of intrathecal gamma-amino-butyrate receptor agonists and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists in rats with neuropathic spinal cord injury pain. European journal of pharmacology, 2012, May-15, Volume: 683, Issue:1-3 Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Animals; Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Drug Thera	2012
Intraventricular baclofen as an alternative to intrathecal baclofen for intractable spasticity or dystonia: outcomes and technical considerations. Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics, 2012, Volume: 10, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Baclofen; Brain Injuries; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Dystonic	2012
Effects of chronic baclofen use on active movement in an individual with a spinal cord injury. Spinal cord, 2012, Volume: 50, Issue:12 Topics: Baclofen; Fatigue; Humans; Locomotion; Lower Extremity; Male; Motor Activity; Movement; Muscle Relax	2012
Effect of intrathecal baclofen on evoked pain perception: an evoked potentials and quantitative thermal testing study. European journal of pain (London, England), 2013, Volume: 17, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Baclofen; Evoked Potentials; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Age	2013
Continuous intrathecal infusion of baclofen in patients with spasticity caused by spinal cord injuries. Neurosurgical review, 2002, Volume: 25, Issue:4 Topics: Baclofen; Blood Pressure; Catheterization; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Infusion Pumps;	2002
Windup of flexion reflexes in chronic human spinal cord injury: a marker for neuronal plateau potentials? Journal of neurophysiology, 2003, Volume: 89, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Baclofen; Chronic Disease; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Inte	2003
Bladder stones - red herring for resurgence of spasticity in a spinal cord injury patient with implantation of Medtronic Synchromed pump for intrathecal delivery of baclofen - a case report. BMC urology, 2003, Mar-25, Volume: 3 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Equipment Failure; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Male; Muscle Relaxants, Cen	2003
Cyproheptadine for intrathecal baclofen withdrawal. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2003, Volume: 84, Issue:5 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Baclofen; Cerebral Palsy; Cyproheptadine; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Fev	2003
Treatment of spasticity in a spinal cord-injured patient with intrathecal morphine due to intrathecal baclofen tolerance--a case report and review of literature. Spinal cord, 2003, Volume: 41, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Drug Tolerance; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morp	2003
Intrathecal baclofen pump implantation during pregnancy. Neurology, 2003, Oct-28, Volume: 61, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Inje	2003
Subdural catheter migration may lead to baclofen pump dysfunction. Spinal cord, 2003, Volume: 41, Issue:12 Topics: Accidental Falls; Adult; Baclofen; Catheterization; Equipment Failure; Follow-Up Studies; Foreign-Bo	2003
Management of recurrent priapism in a cervical spinal cord injury patient with oral baclofen therapy. Spinal cord, 2004, Volume: 42, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Baclofen; Catheters, Indwelling; Cervical Vertebrae; Dose-Response Relationshi	2004
Peripherally delivered glutamic acid decarboxylase gene therapy for spinal cord injury pain. Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2004, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Bicuculline; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Ganglia, S	2004
Treatment of spasticity with intrathecal Baclofen administration: long-term follow-up, review of 40 patients. Spinal cord, 2004, Volume: 42, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Chronic Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Fe	2004
Effects of baclofen on spinal reflexes and persistent inward currents in motoneurons of chronic spinal rats with spasticity. Journal of neurophysiology, 2004, Volume: 92, Issue:5 Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Baclofen; Chronic Disease; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Female; GABA	2004
Functional outcome of intrathecal baclofen administration for severe spasticity. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 2005, Volume: 107, Issue:4 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Baclofen; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Impl	2005
A longitudinal evaluation of sleep and breathing in the first year after cervical spinal cord injury. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2005, Volume: 86, Issue:6 Topics: Abdomen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antidepressive Agents; Baclofen; Cervical Ver	2005
Effect of intrathecal baclofen on sleep and respiratory function in patients with spasticity. Neurology, 2006, Oct-24, Volume: 67, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Circadian Rhythm; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Middle Aged; Multiple Scleros	2006
Intrathecal baclofen for muscle spasticity and pain--two case reports. Middle East journal of anaesthesiology, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Female; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Aged;	2006
[Pharmacological treatment of neurogenic detrusor hyperactivity: intrathecal drugs]. Progres en urologie : journal de l'Association francaise d'urologie et de la Societe francaise d'urologie, 2007, Volume: 17, Issue:3 Topics: Baclofen; Clonidine; Erectile Dysfunction; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Spinal Cord Injuries; U	2007
Effects of baclofen on temperature perception in humans. Neuroscience research, 2007, Volume: 59, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; GABA Ag	2007
Heart conduction problems in a tetraplegic patient caused by a single therapeutic dosage of Baclofen. Spinal cord, 2008, Volume: 46, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Bradycardia; Cervical Vertebrae; GABA Agonists; Heart Conduction System; Humans; Ma	2008
[The parents expectations after baclofen pump implantation in child with severe spasticity in physical rehabilitation and psychological aspects]. Przeglad lekarski, 2007, Volume: 64 Suppl 2 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Baclofen; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hemip	2007
[Psychological aspects of intrathecal baclofen pump implantation in children]. Przeglad lekarski, 2007, Volume: 64 Suppl 2 Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Adult; Baclofen; Caregivers; Child; Disabled Children; Family	2007
GABA receptor activation in the lumbosacral spinal cord decreases detrusor overactivity in spinal cord injured rats. The Journal of urology, 2008, Volume: 179, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Bicuculline; Disease Models, Animal; Female; GABA Agonists; GABA Antagonists; Glu	2008
Migration of pump for intrathecal drug delivery into the peritoneal cavity. Case report. Surgical neurology, 2009, Volume: 71, Issue:5 Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Abdominal Wall; Accidents, Traffic; Baclofen; Foreign-Body Migration; Humans; Inf	2009
Suppression of detrusor-sphincter dysynergia by GABA-receptor activation in the lumbosacral spinal cord in spinal cord-injured rats. American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 2008, Volume: 295, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; GABA Agonists; GABA Antagonists; Lumbosacral Region; Muscimol; Muscle Contraction	2008
The management of the neurogenic bladder in spinal cord lesions. Singapore medical journal, 1982, Volume: 23, Issue:3 Topics: Baclofen; Humans; Pyridinium Compounds; Spinal Cord Injuries; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic; Urinary C	1982
Intrathecal baclofen alleviates spinal cord spasticity. Lancet (London, England), 1984, May-12, Volume: 1, Issue:8385 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Muscle Spasticity; Muscle Tonus; Spinal Cord In	1984
A possible neurochemical basis for the neuropsychiatric aspects of baclofen therapy. The International journal of neuroscience, 1983, Volume: 20, Issue:3-4 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Delusions; Depressive Disorder; Dose-Response Relationship	1983
Drugs or physical therapy in rehabilitation? International rehabilitation medicine, 1983, Volume: 5, Issue:1 Topics: Analgesics; Baclofen; Dantrolene; Diazepam; Humans; Physical Therapy Modalities; Rheumatic Diseases;	1983
Medical treatment of spasticity. Current problems in surgery, 1980, Volume: 17, Issue:4 Topics: Baclofen; Dantrolene; Diazepam; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Mephenesin; Muscle Relaxants, Central; M	1980
Re: present urological treatment of spinal cord injury patients. The Journal of urology, 1982, Volume: 128, Issue:1 Topics: Baclofen; Dantrolene; Humans; Spinal Cord Injuries; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic	1982
Management of spasticity in spinal cord injury. Mayo Clinic proceedings, 1981, Volume: 56, Issue:10 Topics: Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Dantrolene; Humans; Muscle Spasticity; Phenothiazines; Spinal Cord Injuri	1981
Baclofen in the treatment of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia in spinal cord injury patients. The Journal of urology, 1980, Volume: 124, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Spinal Cord Injuries; Urethra; Urinary Bladder; Urinatio	1980
The distribution of medication along the spinal canal after chronic intrathecal administration. Neurosurgery, 1993, Volume: 33, Issue:2 Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Baclofen; Endometrial Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Hydromorphone; Infusion Pumps,	1993
Dantrolene treatment for abrupt intrathecal baclofen withdrawal. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1995, Volume: 80, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Dantrolene; Fever; Humans; Male; Muscle Spasticity; Spinal Cord Injuries; Substance	1995
Intrathecal baclofen therapy for adults with spinal spasticity: therapeutic efficacy and effect on hospital admissions. The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques, 1995, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hospitalization; Human	1995
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy: implications for spinal cord injury patients with intrathecal baclofen infusion pumps. Case report. Paraplegia, 1994, Volume: 32, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Humans; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Infusion Pumps; Injections, Spinal; Male; Muscle Sp	1994
Psychological and emotional effects of the use of oral baclofen: a preliminary study. Paraplegia, 1994, Volume: 32, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Anxiety; Baclofen; Emotions; Humans; Male; Muscle Spasticity; Psychiatric	1994
Inhibition of bronchial hyperresponsiveness by the GABA-agonist baclofen. Chest, 1994, Volume: 106, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Bronchial Hyperreactivity; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Drug Evaluation; Forced Exp	1994
Chronic baclofen therapy improves the blunted growth hormone response to intravenous arginine in subjects with spinal cord injury. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1994, Volume: 78, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Arginine; Baclofen; Growth Hormone; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Spinal	1994
Neurological manifestations of baclofen withdrawal. The Journal of urology, 1993, Volume: 150, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Diplopia; Epilepsy, Absence; Female; Humans; Male; Muscle Spasticity; Psychoses, Su	1993
Errors and limitations of the multimodality checking methods of defective spinal intrathecal pump systems. Case report. Paraplegia, 1993, Volume: 31, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Equipment Failure; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spinal; Male; M	1993
Epileptic seizures associated with intrathecal baclofen application. Neurology, 1994, Volume: 44, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Baclofen; Brain Injuries; Epilepsy; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Impl	1994
Baclofen toxicity in a patient with subclinical renal insufficiency. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 1994, Volume: 75, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Female; Humans; Muscle Spasticity; Renal Insufficiency; Spinal Cord Injuries	1994
Effect of subarachnoid catheter position on the efficacy of intrathecal baclofen for spinal spasticity. Anesthesiology, 1993, Volume: 79, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Catheters, Indwelling; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Muscle Spasticity; Spinal	1993
Intrathecal baclofen: does tolerance occur? Paraplegia, 1993, Volume: 31, Issue:8 Topics: Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Tolerance; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Inj	1993
Clinical assessment of spasticity in spinal cord injury: a multidimensional problem. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 1996, Volume: 77, Issue:7 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Baclofen; Diazepam; Female; Humans; Male	1996
Intrathecal clonidine and baclofen in the management of spasticity and neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury: a case study. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 1996, Volume: 77, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spinal; Muscle	1996
A new approach to the control of central deafferentation pain--spinal intrathecal baclofen. Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement, 1995, Volume: 64 Topics: Afferent Pathways; Aged; Baclofen; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug	1995
A new approach to control central deafferentation pain: spinal intrathecal baclofen. Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery, 1995, Volume: 65, Issue:1-4 Topics: Afferent Pathways; Aged; Baclofen; Central Nervous System; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Female; GABA A	1995
Effects of GABA-B agonist baclofen on bronchial hyperreactivity to inhaled histamine in subjects with cervical spinal cord injury. Lung, 1997, Volume: 175, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aerosols; Baclofen; Bronchial Hyperreactivity; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Bronchoconstricti	1997
Profile of the Institute for Rehabilitation and Research. Spinal cord, 1997, Volume: 35, Issue:9 Topics: Automobile Driving; Baclofen; GABA Agonists; Humans; Patient Education as Topic; Quadriplegia; Rehab	1997
Diazepam usage in veterans with spinal cord injury. The journal of spinal cord medicine, 1997, Volume: 20, Issue:4 Topics: Baclofen; Data Collection; Diazepam; Hospitals, Veterans; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle	1997
Quality of life: effect of reduced spasticity from intrathecal baclofen. The Journal of neuroscience nursing : journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, 1998, Volume: 30, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Baclofen; Female; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Infusions, Parenteral; Male; Mid	1998
[Continuous intrathecal infusion of baclofen. A new therapeutic method for spasticity]. Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 1998, Sep-10, Volume: 118, Issue:21 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Baclofen; Child; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable;	1998
Central inhibitory dysfunctions: mechanisms and clinical implications. The Behavioral and brain sciences, 1997, Volume: 20, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Central Nervous System; Cholecystokinin; GABA Agonists; Hormone Antagonists; Indo	1997
Ziconotide for the treatment of severe spasticity after spinal cord injury. Pain, 2000, Volume: 85, Issue:1-2 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Baclofen; Calcium Channel Blockers; Drug Resistance; Humans; Male; Morphi	2000
Cough in patients with SCI. Physical therapy, 2000, Volume: 80, Issue:4 Topics: Baclofen; Cough; GABA Agonists; Humans; Neck Injuries; Sensory Thresholds; Smoking; Spinal Cord Inju	2000
Baclofen-induced cough suppression in cervical spinal cord injury. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2000, Volume: 81, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Cough; GABA Agonists; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Reflex; Spina	2000
Pentobarbital-induced modulation of flexor and H-reflexes in spinal rats. Brain research, 2000, Oct-27, Volume: 881, Issue:2 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Animals; Baclofen; Electric Stimulation; H-Reflex; Male; Muscle Relaxants, Ce	2000
Extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy of calculi located in lower calyx of left kidney in a spinal cord injury patient who has implantation of baclofen pump in the ipsilateral loin. Spinal cord, 2002, Volume: 40, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Kidney Calculi; Lithotripsy; Male; Muscle Rela	2002
[Clinico-quatitative evaluation of the action of Ciba 34.647-Ba on spasticity]. Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria, 1977, Volume: 35, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aminobutyrates; Baclofen; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Spasm; Sp	1977
[Lioresal in the treatment of spasticity]. Polski tygodnik lekarski (Warsaw, Poland : 1960), 1976, Jul-19, Volume: 31, Issue:29 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aminobutyrates; Baclofen; Drug Evaluation; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid;	1976
Clinical and pharmacokinetic aspects of high dose oral baclofen therapy. The Journal of the American Paraplegia Society, 1992, Volume: 15, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Male;	1992
Effects of intrathecal baclofen on lumbosacral and cortical somatosensory evoked potentials. Neurology, 1992, Volume: 42, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Cerebral Cortex; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Female; Humans; Injections, Spin	1992
Complications of intrathecal baclofen delivery. British journal of neurosurgery, 1992, Volume: 6, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Baclofen; Drug Overdose; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Impla	1992
Continuous intrathecal baclofen treatment of severe spasms in two children with spinal-cord injury. Developmental medicine and child neurology, 1992, Volume: 34, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Baclofen; Catheters, Indwelling; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infusion Pumps	1992
Intrathecal baclofen and spasticity: what do we know and what do we need to know? Developmental medicine and child neurology, 1992, Volume: 34, Issue:8 Topics: Baclofen; Child; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spinal; Microcomputers; Software;	1992
Chronic intrathecal baclofen administration in severe spasticity. Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery, 1990, Volume: 54-55 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Baclofen; Brain Damage, Chronic; Cerebral Palsy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Human	1990
[Treatment of spasticity using an intrathecal infusion of baclofen]. Lakartidningen, 1989, Nov-22, Volume: 86, Issue:47 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Female; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Aged;	1989
Effect of intrathecal baclofen on bladder and sphincter function. The Journal of urology, 1989, Volume: 142, Issue:1 Topics: Baclofen; Female; Humans; Infusion Pumps; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Muscle Spasticity; Mye	1989
Intrathecal baclofen and the H-reflex. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 1989, Volume: 52, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; H-Reflex; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Muscle Spasticity; Reflex, Monosynaptic	1989
Continuous intrathecal baclofen for severe spasticity. Lancet (London, England), 1985, Jul-20, Volume: 2, Issue:8447 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Female; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Middle Aged; Muscle Rigidity; Muscle Spastic	1985
Short-term effects of intrathecal baclofen in spasticity. Experimental neurology, 1989, Volume: 103, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Baclofen; Electromyography; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Knee Joint; Mid	1989
Functional outcome after delivery of intrathecal baclofen. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 1989, Volume: 70, Issue:1 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Baclofen; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Aged;	1989
The effect of intrathecal baclofen on electrical muscle activity in spasticity. Journal of neurology, 1987, Volume: 234, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Baclofen; Brain Damage, Chronic; Child, Preschool; Electromyography; Humans; Infusion P	1987
Reversible electroencephalogram changes associated with administration of baclofen in a quadriplegic patient: case report. Paraplegia, 1986, Volume: 24, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Cervical Vertebrae; Delta Rhythm; Electroencephalography; Fractures, Bone; Humans;	1986
Hallucinations after preoperative baclofen discontinuation in spinal cord injury patients. Drug intelligence & clinical pharmacy, 1985, Volume: 19, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Hallucinations; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Spinal Cord Injuries; Substance Withdraw	1985

baclofen and Injuries, Spinal Cord