baclofen and Drug Withdrawal Symptoms studies

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"This article details an unreported potential cause of withdrawal symptoms in a patient with cerebral palsy who experienced intrathecal baclofen withdrawal shortly after placement of a baclofen pump with subsequent refill with Gablofen."	7.88	An Unreported Cause of Intrathecal Baclofen Withdrawal Symptoms in a Woman With Spastic Cerebral Palsy Who Received Intrathecal Gablofen. ( Duraski, SA; Sayyad, A, 2018)
"Baclofen withdrawal syndrome is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition manifesting with autonomic dysreflexia, high fevers, spasticity, seizures, and multiorgan failure."	7.76	Reversible electrocardiogram changes and cardiomyopathy secondary to baclofen withdrawal syndrome. ( Kireyev, D; Poh, KK, 2010)
"To describe the psychiatric manifestations due to intoxication or withdrawal of ITB and to explore the possible risk factors for the presentation of delirium secondary to baclofen."	7.75	Delirium secondary to intrathecal baclofen. ( Benito, J; Castaño, B; Ferreira, S; Lopez, R; Pires, F; Vidal, J, 2009)
"Because of the increased number of patients with neuromuscular scoliosis receiving intrathecal baclofen therapy, we report a clinical case of withdrawal."	7.74	Intrathecal baclofen withdrawal syndrome following posterior spinal fusion for neuromuscular scoliosis: a case report. ( Dolan, L; Fernandes, P; Weinstein, SL, 2008)
"Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) is increasingly being used to reduce spasticity among children with cerebral palsy, dystonia, and spinal cord injuries."	7.74	Intrathecal baclofen withdrawal resembling serotonin syndrome in an adolescent boy with cerebral palsy. ( Eiland, LS; Salazar, ML, 2008)
"To determine the frequency of pruritus after intrathecal baclofen (ITB) withdrawal and to study the pathophysiology of this symptom."	7.73	Pruritus after intrathecal baclofen withdrawal: A retrospective study. ( Ben Smail, D; Bussel, B; Denys, P; Hugeron, C, 2005)
"Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) is used for unresponsiveness to other treatment for patients with stiff-person syndrome (SPS)."	7.72	Intrathecal baclofen for stiff-person syndrome: life-threatening intermittent catheter leakage. ( Bardutzky, J; Meinck, HM; Schwab, S; Tronnier, V, 2003)
"A 29-year-old man with C6 tetraplegia (ASIA A) using an implanted baclofen pump and intrathecal catheter infusion system for spasticity control developed severe spasticity, hyperthermia, hypotension, rhabdomyolysis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation after catheter disconnection."	7.70	Hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with baclofen pump catheter failure. ( Christopherson, MW; Reeves, RK; Stolp-Smith, KA, 1998)
"Baclofen is an agonist of peripheral and central B gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors, whose activation causes a myorelaxation and a powerfull depression of the central nervous system."	5.43	Self-induced drug intoxication in baclofen: of the calm hypotonic coma in the status epilepticus. ( Aries, P; Di Constanzo, L; Drouillard, I; Montelescaut, É; Pessey, F; Sapin, J; Thill, C; Vaillant, C, 2016)
"A 23-year-old man with a history of alcohol dependence was admitted to our hospital after self-intoxication with 2700 mg baclofen and 330 mg mirtazapine."	5.43	[Aggression and restlessness following baclofen overdose: the narrow line between intoxication and withdrawal symptoms]. ( de Witte, LD; Dekker, D; Kaasjager, K; Kromkamp, M; Veraart, J; Vinkers, CH, 2016)
" The patient continued to have fever and autonomic instability without evidence of infection which entirely resolved within 24 hours of reinstitution of full preadmission dosing of oral baclofen."	5.33	Baclofen withdrawal: a cause of prolonged fever in the intensive care unit. ( Cunningham, JA; Jelic, S, 2005)
"Baclofen (Lioresal) is a drug of choice to treat spasticity and is increasingly being administered intrathecally via an implantable pump in cases refractory to oral therapy."	5.32	Intrathecal baclofen withdrawal mimicking sepsis. ( Amin, Y; Kao, LW; Kirk, MA; Turner, MS, 2003)
"Baclofen (2 mg/kg) was sedative in both control treated and diazepam-dependent rats, but was ineffective at reversing the decrease in social interaction seen after diazepam withdrawal."	5.28	Diazepam withdrawal responses measured in the social interaction test of anxiety and their reversal by baclofen. ( Andrews, N; File, SE; Mabbutt, PS, 1991)
"Baclofen is a muscle relaxant approved in this country for the treatment of muscle spasms secondary to multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and other spinal diseases."	5.27	Hallucinations after preoperative baclofen discontinuation in spinal cord injury patients. ( Harrison, SA; Wood, CA, 1985)
" Baclofen shows potential for rapidly reducing symptoms of severe AWS in people with alcoholism."	5.01	Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal. ( Liu, J; Wang, LN, 2019)
" Syndromes include adrenergic "fever," anticholinergic "fever," antidopaminergic "fever," serotonin syndrome, malignant hyperthermia, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, and withdrawal from baclofen."	4.86	Adverse drug reactions resulting in hyperthermia in the intensive care unit. ( McAllen, KJ; Schwartz, DR, 2010)
"The authors describe a patient who experienced a prolonged course of intrathecal baclofen withdrawal syndrome after removal of an implantable baclofen pump for treatment of pump infection and meningitis."	4.82	Prolonged intrathecal baclofen withdrawal syndrome. Case report and discussion of current therapeutic management. ( Douglas, AF; Schwartz, DR; Weiner, HL, 2005)
"Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) is a proven, effective treatment for refractory spasticity and chronic pain, with applications ranging from spinal cord injury to amyotrophic lateralsclerosis (ALS)."	4.31	Management of high-dose intrathecal baclofen pump explant: A case report. ( Agrawal, M; Belisle Haley, C; Dayal, R; Newton, K; Yeung, B, 2023)
"Intrathecal Baclofen (ITB) has become an increasingly common treatment for severe muscle spasticity associated with conditions such as cerebral palsy and spinal cord injury."	3.96	Intrathecal Baclofen Overdose With Paradoxical Autonomic Features Mimicking Withdrawal. ( Frawley, MT; Parker-Pitts, CK; Weymouth, CW, 2020)
"We report a case of a 53-year-old woman who presented initially with sepsis and later in her stay developed a severe and rapidly progressing hyperthermia after a decrease in oral baclofen dosage."	3.96	Severe hyperthermia due to oral baclofen withdrawal. ( Kim, E; Nadherny, W; Paul, V; Righter, K, 2020)
"This article details an unreported potential cause of withdrawal symptoms in a patient with cerebral palsy who experienced intrathecal baclofen withdrawal shortly after placement of a baclofen pump with subsequent refill with Gablofen."	3.88	An Unreported Cause of Intrathecal Baclofen Withdrawal Symptoms in a Woman With Spastic Cerebral Palsy Who Received Intrathecal Gablofen. ( Duraski, SA; Sayyad, A, 2018)
"A 15-year-old patient with spastic quadriparesis and cerebral palsy underwent unexpected removal of his baclofen pump due to an infection that was encountered during a planned pump revision."	3.81	Dexmedetomidine for acute baclofen withdrawal. ( Heard, CM; Li, V; Morr, S; Reynolds, RM, 2015)
"These results showed that nicotine rewarding properties and negative aspects of nicotine withdrawal, such as anxiety-like effects and somatic manifestations, can be modulated by the GABAB receptor activity."	3.80	Attenuation by baclofen of nicotine rewarding properties and nicotine withdrawal manifestations. ( Aso, E; Balerio, GN; Maldonado, R; Moutinho, LM; Varani, AP, 2014)
"Baclofen withdrawal syndrome is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition manifesting with autonomic dysreflexia, high fevers, spasticity, seizures, and multiorgan failure."	3.76	Reversible electrocardiogram changes and cardiomyopathy secondary to baclofen withdrawal syndrome. ( Kireyev, D; Poh, KK, 2010)
"To describe the psychiatric manifestations due to intoxication or withdrawal of ITB and to explore the possible risk factors for the presentation of delirium secondary to baclofen."	3.75	Delirium secondary to intrathecal baclofen. ( Benito, J; Castaño, B; Ferreira, S; Lopez, R; Pires, F; Vidal, J, 2009)
"Because of the increased number of patients with neuromuscular scoliosis receiving intrathecal baclofen therapy, we report a clinical case of withdrawal."	3.74	Intrathecal baclofen withdrawal syndrome following posterior spinal fusion for neuromuscular scoliosis: a case report. ( Dolan, L; Fernandes, P; Weinstein, SL, 2008)
"Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) is increasingly being used to reduce spasticity among children with cerebral palsy, dystonia, and spinal cord injuries."	3.74	Intrathecal baclofen withdrawal resembling serotonin syndrome in an adolescent boy with cerebral palsy. ( Eiland, LS; Salazar, ML, 2008)
"Intrathecal baclofen is used in the management of spasticity associated with cerebral palsy (CP)."	3.74	Intravenous diazepam infusion in the management of planned intrathecal baclofen withdrawal. ( Cruikshank, M; Eunson, P, 2007)
"Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) therapy is being used increasingly to treat medically intractable spasticity in children with cerebral palsy and spinal cord injuries."	3.73	Intrathecal baclofen overdose and withdrawal. ( Adirim, TA; Kothare, S; Piatt, JH; Shirley, KW, 2006)
"Intrathecal baclofen therapy is increasingly used to alleviate medically intractable spasticity in children with cerebral palsy, spinal cord injuries, and generalized dystonia."	3.73	Intrathecal baclofen overdose followed by withdrawal: clinical and EEG features. ( Adirim, TA; Darbari, FP; Kothare, SV; Melvin, JJ; Piatt, JH, 2005)
"To determine the frequency of pruritus after intrathecal baclofen (ITB) withdrawal and to study the pathophysiology of this symptom."	3.73	Pruritus after intrathecal baclofen withdrawal: A retrospective study. ( Ben Smail, D; Bussel, B; Denys, P; Hugeron, C, 2005)
"We present the case of a 19-yr-old woman with a history of generalized dystonia who developed sudden onset of adductor spasms of the vocal cords and increased dystonia after the interruption or intrathecal baclofen therapy."	3.72	Respiratory distress after intrathecal baclofen withdrawal. ( Ahmed, SU; Hord, ED; Santiago-Palma, J; Trella, J; Vallejo, R, 2004)
"Maternal use of the antispasmodic baclofen during pregnancy is an uncommon clinical scenario and leads to uncertainty regarding neonatal risks."	3.72	Intrauterine baclofen exposure: a multidisciplinary approach. ( Almeida, PG; Huttner, KM; Moran, LR; Worden, S, 2004)
"Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) is used for unresponsiveness to other treatment for patients with stiff-person syndrome (SPS)."	3.72	Intrathecal baclofen for stiff-person syndrome: life-threatening intermittent catheter leakage. ( Bardutzky, J; Meinck, HM; Schwab, S; Tronnier, V, 2003)
"We present a case of a 38-year-old male with complete T9 spastic paraplegia for 15 years, treated with intrathecal baclofen for 11 years."	3.72	Subdural catheter migration may lead to baclofen pump dysfunction. ( Cahana, A; Pasquier, Y; Schnider, A, 2003)
"These results are in close agreement with those of a preliminary clinical study and suggest that baclofen may constitute a novel therapeutic agent for alcoholism."	3.70	Ability of baclofen in reducing alcohol intake and withdrawal severity: I--Preclinical evidence. ( Addolorato, G; Agabio, R; Carai, MA; Colombo, G; Gessa, GL; Lobina, C; Pani, M; Reali, R, 2000)
"A 29-year-old man with C6 tetraplegia (ASIA A) using an implanted baclofen pump and intrathecal catheter infusion system for spasticity control developed severe spasticity, hyperthermia, hypotension, rhabdomyolysis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation after catheter disconnection."	3.70	Hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with baclofen pump catheter failure. ( Christopherson, MW; Reeves, RK; Stolp-Smith, KA, 1998)
"Baclofen is a central nervous system agent that is commonly used for the treatment of muscle spasticity in spinal cord injury patients."	3.68	Neurological manifestations of baclofen withdrawal. ( Chancellor, MB; Freedman, MK; Hill, K; Rivas, DA, 1993)
"Rapid baclofen withdrawal is known to cause markedly increased spasticity, but high fever associated with this complication has not been reported."	3.68	Hyperthermia associated with baclofen withdrawal and increased spasticity. ( Hurvitz, EA; Mandac, BR; Nelson, VS, 1993)
"Baclofen was well tolerated and may be considered for the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome, especially useful in situations where benzodiazepines should be withheld, such as patients with liver impairment."	3.30	Baclofen during alcohol detoxification reduces the need for additional diazepam: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. ( Crunelle, CL; Jegham, S; Matthys, F; Vanderbruggen, N, 2023)
"Harmful alcohol use and alcohol use disorders (AUD) result in major health and community burden worldwide, yet treatment options are limited."	2.82	GABA ( Haber, PS; Logge, WB; Morley, KC, 2022)
"Lorazepam was used as rescue medication."	2.82	A randomized, open-label, standard controlled, parallel group study of efficacy and safety of baclofen, and chlordiazepoxide in uncomplicated alcohol withdrawal syndrome. ( Girish, K; Manjunatha, R; Nagraj, M; Pandit, LV; Pundarikaksha, HP; Shruthi, R; Vasundara, K; Vijendra, R; Vikram Reddy, K, 2016)
"Baclofen has been reported in uncontrolled clinical studies to reduce craving for abused drugs and reduce their rewarding effects."	2.70	Effects of a single dose of baclofen on self-reported subjective effects and tobacco smoking. ( Cousins, MS; de Wit, H; Stamat, HM, 2001)
"All patients met the DSM IV criteria for opioid dependence."	2.70	Baclofen versus clonidine in the treatment of opiates withdrawal, side-effects aspect: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. ( Ahmadi-Abhari, SA; Akhondzadeh, S; Assadi, SM; Farzanehgan, ZM; Kamlipour, A; Shabestari, OL, 2001)
"Baclofen and clonidine were equally effective in treating the physical symptoms of withdrawal syndromes."	2.69	Double-blind randomized controlled trial of baclofen vs. clonidine in the treatment of opiates withdrawal. ( Ahmadi-Abhari, SA; Akhondzadeh, S; Assadi, SM; Farzanehgan, ZM; Kashani, AR; Shabestari, OL, 2000)
"Baclofen was available to purchase from 38 online pharmacies, of which only one conformed to the UK regulations."	2.58	Baclofen in gamma-hydroxybutyrate withdrawal: patterns of use and online availability. ( Dargan, PI; Floyd, CN; Wood, DM, 2018)
"Buprenorphine was superior to clonidine in controlling severe withdrawal symptoms in an outpatient setting (RR 0."	2.58	Pharmacological therapies for management of opium withdrawal. ( Amato, L; Amin-Esmaeili, M; Gholami, J; Hoseinie, L; Rahimi-Movaghar, A; Yousefi-Nooraie, R, 2018)
"Treatment with baclofen is easy to manage and rarely produces euphoria or other pleasant effects, or craving for the drug."	2.55	Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal. ( Liu, J; Wang, LN, 2017)
"The treatment baclofen shows potential for rapidly reducing symptoms of severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) in people with alcoholism."	2.52	Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal. ( Liu, J; Wang, LN, 2015)
"The treatment baclofen can rapidly reduce symptoms of severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) in alcoholic patients, with a significant reduction in the cost."	2.49	Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal. ( Liu, J; Wang, LN, 2013)
" Thus, baclofen should benefit from further studies of its biobehavioral mechanisms, dose-response effect, and indications in various alcoholic patient profiles."	2.48	Is baclofen a revolutionary medication in alcohol addiction management? Review and recent updates. ( Aubin, HJ; Benyamina, A; Blecha, L; Gorsane, MA; Hache, G; Kebir, O; Reynaud, M, 2012)
" The outcomes considered were alcohol withdrawal seizures, adverse events and dropouts."	2.47	Efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of the Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome. ( Amato, L; Davoli, M; Minozzi, S, 2011)
"The treatment of baclofen can rapidly reduce symptoms of severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) in alcoholic patients, with a significant reduction in the cost."	2.47	Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal. ( Liu, J; Wang, L, 2011)
" Notably, baclofen has shown a safe profile when administered to alcoholics, including those with liver cirrhosis."	2.46	Safety and efficacy of baclofen in the treatment of alcohol-dependent patients. ( Addolorato, G; Leggio, L, 2010)
"Treatment with baclofen also suppressed the number of daily drinks and decreased the obsessive and compulsive components of alcohol craving."	2.42	Role of GABA(B) receptor in alcohol dependence: reducing effect of baclofen on alcohol intake and alcohol motivational properties in rats and amelioration of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and alcohol craving in human alcoholics. ( Addolorato, G; Agabio, R; Carai, MA; Colombo, G; Gessa, GL; Pibiri, F; Serra, S; Vacca, G, 2004)
"We concur with the concept that neuroleptic malignant syndrome represents a spectrum of disorders, and add it to the list of possible sequelae after abrupt withdrawal of baclofen."	2.41	Neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome after abrupt withdrawal of baclofen. ( Gainsborough, N; Turner, MR, 2001)
"One patient developed withdrawal symptoms after baclofen was stopped, and the other developed a manic attach while receiving the drug."	2.37	Baclofen-induced psychosis: two cases and a review. ( Iskandar, HL; Yassa, RY, 1988)
" The trouble occurs or is worsened when neuroleptics are withdrawn and is reduced when dosage is increased; it responds to the theoretical model of denervation supersensitivity."	2.36	[Tardive dyskinesia induced by neuroleptics. A review of the literature]. ( Cottereau, MJ; Deniker, P; Diepart, E, 1979)
"Delirium was associated with higher daily GHB consumption prior to admission, while duration of GHB use, time from presentation to first dose of diazepam, and concomitant methamphetamine use were inversely associated with delirium."	1.91	Inpatient GHB withdrawal management in an inner-city hospital in Sydney, Australia: a retrospective medical record review. ( Brett, J; Ezard, N; Freeman, G; Lindsey, R; Roberts, DM; Rodgers, C; Siefried, KJ, 2023)
"The patient was on ITB for lower limb spasticity."	1.72	Baclofen Withdrawal With Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome: Bacterial Meningitis Mimicker. ( Hirasawa, N; Nakae, H; Okuyama, M; Satoh, K; Yoshida, K, 2022)
"R(+)-Baclofen was more effective than RS(±)-Baclofen in reducing ethanol intake and seeking during acute withdrawal and during relapse after abstinence."	1.62	Is R(+)-Baclofen the best option for the future of Baclofen in alcohol dependence pharmacotherapy? Insights from the preclinical side. ( Bloch, V; Echeverry-Alzate, V; Jeanblanc, J; Labat, L; Naassila, M; Sauton, P; Soichot, M; Vorspan, F, 2021)
"Treatment of baclofen withdrawal includes supportive care and reinitiation of baclofen."	1.56	Enteral baclofen withdrawal managed with intravenous dexmedetomidine: A case report. ( Ahmed, S; Brewer, T; Defayette, A; Perrello, A; Picano, J, 2020)
"Baclofen and diazepam were introduced on the third day, allowing dose reductions in anaesthetic agents the fourth day and extubation on the fifth day with resolution of the delirium."	1.56	Severe delirium after GHB abuse. ( Giil, LM; Sundal, EV, 2020)
" Furthermore there is no consistency between dosing and severity of withdrawal."	1.51	A Novel Approach to Avoid Baclofen Withdrawal When Faced With Infected Baclofen Pumps. ( Collison, C; Hwang, RS; Pilitsis, JG; Prusik, J; Sukul, V, 2019)
"Diazepam 20 mg was used up to three times per day, but didn't seem to improve or reduce the anxiety, agitation, visual or auditory hallucinations."	1.48	Delirium tremens in an AUD patient after an intrathecal baclofen pump induced total alcohol abstinence. ( Calvo, ME; Gunnarsson, T; Hao, M; Smith, L, 2018)
"Baclofen pretreatment prevented the BDNF expression observed in morphine withdrawn male mice in all the brain areas studied except in the CeC."	1.43	Baclofen prevents the elevated plus maze behavior and BDNF expression during naloxone precipitated morphine withdrawal in male and female mice. ( Balerio, GN; Pedrón, VT; Varani, AP, 2016)
"We describe severe central sleep apnea (CSA) in four patients with none of the conditions commonly associated with CSA who were receiving chronic baclofen therapy for alcohol withdrawal."	1.43	Severe Central Sleep Apnea Associated With Chronic Baclofen Therapy: A Case Series. ( d'Ortho, MP; Gagnadoux, F; Gentina, T; Joyeux-Faure, M; Launois, SH; Olivier, PY; Pépin, JL, 2016)
"A 23-year-old man with a history of alcohol dependence was admitted to our hospital after self-intoxication with 2700 mg baclofen and 330 mg mirtazapine."	1.43	[Aggression and restlessness following baclofen overdose: the narrow line between intoxication and withdrawal symptoms]. ( de Witte, LD; Dekker, D; Kaasjager, K; Kromkamp, M; Veraart, J; Vinkers, CH, 2016)
"Baclofen is an agonist of peripheral and central B gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors, whose activation causes a myorelaxation and a powerfull depression of the central nervous system."	1.43	Self-induced drug intoxication in baclofen: of the calm hypotonic coma in the status epilepticus. ( Aries, P; Di Constanzo, L; Drouillard, I; Montelescaut, É; Pessey, F; Sapin, J; Thill, C; Vaillant, C, 2016)
"Baclofen is a γ-aminobutyric acid B (GABA-B) receptor agonist that is approved for spasticity."	1.40	Assessing alcohol versus baclofen withdrawal syndrome in patients treated with baclofen for alcohol use disorder. ( Bence, C; Bordet, R; Carton, L; Cottencin, O; Deheul, S; Jaillette, E; Rolland, B; Saulnier, F, 2014)
"Baclofen has been studied for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal, but current research is limited."	1.34	Baclofen as prophylaxis and treatment for alcohol withdrawal: a retrospective chart review. ( Schrader, S; Stallings, W, 2007)
" The patient continued to have fever and autonomic instability without evidence of infection which entirely resolved within 24 hours of reinstitution of full preadmission dosing of oral baclofen."	1.33	Baclofen withdrawal: a cause of prolonged fever in the intensive care unit. ( Cunningham, JA; Jelic, S, 2005)
"Severe withdrawal symptoms can result, however, if ITB is abruptly withdrawn as a result of equipment malfunctions or human error."	1.32	Intrathecal baclofen withdrawal syndrome caused by low residual volume in the pump reservoir: a report of 2 cases. ( Cordioli, Z; Rigoli, G; Terrini, G, 2004)
"We present a SCI patient, in whom bladder calculi acted as red herring for increased spasticity whereas the real cause was spontaneous extrusion of catheter from intrathecal space."	1.32	Bladder stones - red herring for resurgence of spasticity in a spinal cord injury patient with implantation of Medtronic Synchromed pump for intrathecal delivery of baclofen - a case report. ( Hughes, PL; Oo, T; Sett, P; Singh, G; Soni, BM; Vaidyanathan, S; Watt, JW, 2003)
"Baclofen (Lioresal) is a drug of choice to treat spasticity and is increasingly being administered intrathecally via an implantable pump in cases refractory to oral therapy."	1.32	Intrathecal baclofen withdrawal mimicking sepsis. ( Amin, Y; Kao, LW; Kirk, MA; Turner, MS, 2003)
"Baclofen was orally administered for 4 weeks, at a dose of 15 mg/day refracted in three times per day for the first 3 days, with the dose increased to 30 mg/day for the remaining 27 days."	1.31	Ability of baclofen in reducing alcohol craving and intake: II--Preliminary clinical evidence. ( Addolorato, G; Capristo, E; Caputo, F; Colombo, G; Gasbarrini, G; Gessa, GL, 2000)
"When baclofen was given to mice of the TO strain after withdrawal from ethanol inhalation, there was evidence of increased hyperexcitability with one dose, 2."	1.29	Do GABAB receptors have a role in causing behavioural hyperexcitability, both during ethanol withdrawal and in naive mice? ( Little, HJ; Mead, AJ, 1995)
"Baclofen (2 mg/kg) was sedative in both control treated and diazepam-dependent rats, but was ineffective at reversing the decrease in social interaction seen after diazepam withdrawal."	1.28	Diazepam withdrawal responses measured in the social interaction test of anxiety and their reversal by baclofen. ( Andrews, N; File, SE; Mabbutt, PS, 1991)
"Baclofen is a muscle relaxant approved in this country for the treatment of muscle spasms secondary to multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and other spinal diseases."	1.27	Hallucinations after preoperative baclofen discontinuation in spinal cord injury patients. ( Harrison, SA; Wood, CA, 1985)
"Baclofen was largely ineffective in reducing withdrawal-induced tremors, although it was capable of producing sedation of a different type than that produced by phenobarbitol and ethanol."	1.26	The effects of ethanol, phenobarbital, and baclofen on ethanol withdrawal in the rhesus monkey. ( Tarika, JS; Winger, G, 1980)

Research

Studies (193)

Authors

Clinical Trials (6)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Alcohol Drinking

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	22 (11.40)	18.7374
1990's	19 (9.84)	18.2507
2000's	69 (35.75)	29.6817
2010's	66 (34.20)	24.3611
2020's	17 (8.81)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Satoh, K	1
Hirasawa, N	1
Yoshida, K	1
Okuyama, M	1
Nakae, H	1
VanDreese, B	1
Holland, A	1
Murray, A	1
Siefried, KJ	2
Freeman, G	2
Roberts, DM	2
Lindsey, R	2
Rodgers, C	2
Ezard, N	2
Brett, J	2
Phu, PJJ	1
Looi, JCL	1
Nair, PC	1
Allison, S	1
Chan, SKW	1
Bastiampillai, T	1
Belisle Haley, C	1
Agrawal, M	1
Newton, K	1
Yeung, B	1
Dayal, R	1
Crunelle, CL	1
Jegham, S	1
Vanderbruggen, N	1
Matthys, F	1
Liu, J	5
Wang, LN	4
Zhang, Y	1
Yang, J	1
Sevilla, A	1
Weller, R	1
Wu, J	1
Su, C	1
Zheng, C	1
Rodriguez-Blanco, YF	1
Gitlin, M	1
Candiotti, KA	1
Defayette, A	1
Perrello, A	1
Brewer, T	1
Picano, J	1
Ahmed, S	1
Sundal, EV	1
Giil, LM	1
Echeverry-Alzate, V	1
Jeanblanc, J	1
Sauton, P	1
Bloch, V	2
Labat, L	2
Soichot, M	1
Vorspan, F	2
Naassila, M	1
Parker-Pitts, CK	1
Weymouth, CW	1
Frawley, MT	1
Holtyn, AF	1
Weerts, EM	1
Paul, V	1
Righter, K	1
Kim, E	1
Nadherny, W	1
Logge, WB	1
Morley, KC	1
Haber, PS	1
Reade, MC	1
Schmitz, NS	1
Krach, LE	2
Coles, LD	2
Schrogie, J	1
Cloyd, JC	2
Kriel, RL	2
Joshi, YB	1
Friend, SF	1
Jimenez, B	1
Steiger, LR	1
Topkara, B	1
Yananli, HR	1
Sakallı, E	1
Demirkapu, MJ	1
Mobolaji-Lawal, M	1
Chaudhuri, R	1
Marsh, RH	1
Miller, ES	1
Bhatia, K	1
Floyd, CN	1
Wood, DM	1
Dargan, PI	1
Martinez, L	1
Declèves, X	1
Azuar, J	1
Fortias, M	1
Questel, F	1
Dereux, A	1
Grichy, L	1
Barreteau, H	1
Bellivier, F	1
Lépine, JP	1
Duraski, SA	1
Sayyad, A	1
Hamel Sénécal, L	1
Chrétien, B	1
Jean-Jacques, PY	1
Lelong Boulouard, V	1
Cohen, D	1
Le Boisselier, R	1
Rahimi-Movaghar, A	2
Gholami, J	1
Amato, L	2
Hoseinie, L	1
Yousefi-Nooraie, R	2
Amin-Esmaeili, M	2
Chartier, M	1
Tannous, S	1
Benturquia, N	1
Reis, R	1
Risède, P	1
Chevillard, L	1
Mégarbane, B	1
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Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Phenobarbital Versus Ativan for Refractory Alcohol Withdrawal Treatment in the Intensive Care Unit[NCT04156464]	Phase 4	142 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-07-06	Recruiting
A Pilot Study on the Biobehavioral Mechanisms of Baclofen and Alcohol Drinking[NCT01076283]	Phase 2	14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-12-31	Completed
Effect of Baclofen on Marijuana Withdrawal and Relapse[NCT00373295]	Phase 2	13 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-05-31	Completed
Prospective Assessment of Valproate on Ethanol Withdrawal[NCT03235531]	Phase 4	210 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-07-11	Recruiting
Treating Alcohol Withdrawal With Oral Baclofen: a Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial[NCT00597701]		79 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-04-30	Completed
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Human Laboratory Pilot Study of Baclofen in Anxious Alcoholics[NCT01751386]	Phase 2	39 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-12-03	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

"Whether baclofen, as compared to active placebo, results in lower quantity of alcohol consumed during the Alcohol Self-Administration (ASA).~Consistent with O'Malley et al. 2002, the ASA paradigm allows to use a fixed-dose (the priming drink), followed by a 2-hour free-choice phase when subjects may choose to drink or not up to 8 mini-drinks. Participants receive a monetary compensation of $3 dollars per each mini-drink not consumed; therefore the amount of minidrinks consumed during the 2-hour sessions ranges 0-8, and the monetary compensation ranges $0-24. The quantity of alcohol consumed during the free-choice session is expressed as standard drinking unit, where a standard drink unit contains about 14 grams of pure alcohol (about 0.6 fluid ounces or 1.2 tablespoons)." (NCT01076283)
Timeframe: approximately 8 days after drug administration

Alcohol Urge

Intervention	standard drinking units (Mean)
Baclofen	0.17
Cyproheptadine	1.43

"Whether baclofen, as compared to active placebo, results in diminished cue-reactivity responses to alcohol cues in terms of urge to drink [as measured by the Alcohol Urge Questionnaire (AUQ)] during the Cue Reactivity.~The Alcohol Urge Questionnaire (AUQ) consists of eight statements about the respondent's feelings and thoughts about drinking as they are completing the questionnaire (i.e., right now). The respondent is asked to respond to each statement about alcohol craving via a 7-item Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Each item is scored on a 1 to 7 scale (Strongly Disagree = 1 and Strongly Agree = 7). Items 2 and 7 are reverse scored. A total score is computed by summing the item scores and ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). Higher scores reflect greater craving (i.e. worse outcome)." (NCT01076283)
Timeframe: approximately 8 days after drug administration

Measure of Relapse: Change in Money Spent Between Baseline and Relapse Phase

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Baclofen	22.5
Cyproheptadine	19.4

"This is a measure of marijuana self-administration and relapse since each initial puff costs $7 and is a burden to overcome just to smoke.~Over each 3 day period, the puffs chosen by each participant is averaged for a single value." (NCT00373295)
Timeframe: Days 1-3 (Baseline) and Days 6-8 (Relapse Phase)

Benzodiazepine Doses Used to Treat Acutely-withdrawing Alcoholic Patients in the Baclofen-treated and Placebo-treated Groups

Intervention	dollars spent on marijuana (Mean)
Baclofen 60, Marijuana	7.15
Placebo, Marijuana	9.77
Baclofen 90, Marijuana	7.25

In acutely-withdrawing alcoholic patients treated with either baclofen or placebo, symptom-driven benzodiazepine doses were assessed for the 72 hours following the first Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment (CIWA) score of 11 or greater. (NCT00597701)
Timeframe: From eligibility for randomization (Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment [CIWA] score of at least 11) until 72 hours of observation had been completed.

Total Amount of Alcohol Consumed During the Alcohol Self Administration (ASA) Session

Intervention	mg of benzodiazepine per 8 hours (Mean)
Baclofen	14.1
Placebo	124.4

Amount of alcohol was measured as the number of mini-drinks each participant decided to drink (0-8 mini-drinks). The alcohol content of each mini-drink was calculated based on the participants' total body water, and was designed to raise the blood alcohol concentration by 0.015 g/dL. (NCT01751386)
Timeframe: 2 hours

Article	Year
Psychosis Related to Baclofen Withdrawal or Overdose: A Systematic Review. East Asian archives of psychiatry : official journal of the Hong Kong College of Psychiatrists = Dong Ya jing shen ke xue zhi : Xianggang jing shen ke yi xue yuan qi kan, 2023, Volume: 33, Issue:1 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Baclofen; Drug Overdose; Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Substance Withdrawal Syn	2023
Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2019, 11-06, Volume: 2019, Issue:11 Topics: Alcoholism; Baclofen; Craving; GABA Agonists; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Substan	2019
GABA Current topics in behavioral neurosciences, 2022, Volume: 52 Topics: Alcoholism; Baclofen; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Humans; Receptors, GABA-B; Substance Withdrawal Synd	2022
Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017, 08-20, Volume: 8 Topics: Alcohol-Induced Disorders; Baclofen; Chlordiazepoxide; Diazepam; Ethanol; GABA Agonists; Humans; Ran	2017
Baclofen in gamma-hydroxybutyrate withdrawal: patterns of use and online availability. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2018, Volume: 74, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Biomedical Research; Drug Trafficking; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Humans; Internet	2018
Pharmacological therapies for management of opium withdrawal. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2018, 06-21, Volume: 6 Topics: Amantadine; Amines; Baclofen; Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Gabapentin; gam	2018
Acute phenibut withdrawal: A comprehensive literature review and illustrative case report. Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences, 2019, May-20, Volume: 19, Issue:2 Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Baclofen; Cyproheptadine; Dexmedetomidine; Diphenhydramine; GABA-A Receptor	2019
Pharmacological therapies for maintenance treatments of opium dependence. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2013, Jan-31, Issue:1 Topics: Baclofen; Buprenorphine; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Maintenance Chemotherapy; Narcotic An	2013
Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2013, Feb-28, Issue:2 Topics: Alcohol-Induced Disorders; Baclofen; Diazepam; Ethanol; GABA Agonists; Humans; Randomized Controlled	2013
Efficacy and tolerability of baclofen in substance use disorders: a systematic review. European addiction research, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:6 Topics: Baclofen; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Substance Withdra	2013
[New treatment options for alcohol dependence]. MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2013, May-02, Volume: 155, Issue:8 Topics: Acamprosate; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Combined Modality Therapy; Ethanol; Fructose; Humans; Naltrexone;	2013
Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2015, Apr-03, Issue:4 Topics: Alcohol-Induced Disorders; Baclofen; Diazepam; Ethanol; GABA Agonists; Humans; Randomized Controlled	2015
Management of Acute Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in Critically Ill Patients. Pharmacotherapy, 2016, Volume: 36, Issue:7 Topics: Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Critical Illness; Dexmedetomidine; Ethanol; Humans; Length of Stay; Pheno	2016
Effectiveness and safety of baclofen in the treatment of alcohol dependent patients. CNS & neurological disorders drug targets, 2010, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System; Alcoholism; Animals; Baclofen; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Cl	2010
Safety and efficacy of baclofen in the treatment of alcohol-dependent patients. Current pharmaceutical design, 2010, Volume: 16, Issue:19 Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Animals; Baclofen; GABA Agonists; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Humans; Re	2010
Adverse drug reactions resulting in hyperthermia in the intensive care unit. Critical care medicine, 2010, Volume: 38, Issue:6 Suppl Topics: Baclofen; Critical Care; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Fever; Humans; Intensive C	2010
Acute intrathecal baclofen withdrawal: a brief review of treatment options. Neurocritical care, 2011, Volume: 14, Issue:1 Topics: Acute Disease; Baclofen; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Middle Aged; Muscle Relaxants, Central;	2011
Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2011, Jan-19, Issue:1 Topics: Alcohol-Induced Disorders; Baclofen; Ethanol; GABA Agonists; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as	2011
Efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of the Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2011, Jun-15, Issue:6 Topics: Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures; Alcoholism; Anticonvulsants; Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Ethanol; Humans	2011
Management of acute overdose or withdrawal state in intrathecal baclofen therapy. Spinal cord, 2012, Volume: 50, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Drug Overdose; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Substance With	2012
The development of medications for alcohol-use disorders targeting the GABAB receptor system. Recent patents on CNS drug discovery, 2012, Volume: 7, Issue:2 Topics: Alcohol-Related Disorders; Allosteric Regulation; Animals; Baclofen; Disease Models, Animal; GABA-B	2012
Is baclofen a revolutionary medication in alcohol addiction management? Review and recent updates. Substance abuse, 2012, Volume: 33, Issue:4 Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Baclofen; Behavior, Addictive; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Management; Di	2012
Intrathecal baclofen withdrawal: a case report and review of the literature. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery, 2002, Volume: 18, Issue:9-10 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenoleukodystrophy; Baclofen; Equipment Failure; Fever; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implan	2002
Role of GABA(B) receptor in alcohol dependence: reducing effect of baclofen on alcohol intake and alcohol motivational properties in rats and amelioration of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and alcohol craving in human alcoholics. Neurotoxicity research, 2004, Volume: 6, Issue:5 Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Animals; Baclofen; Clinical Trials as Topic; Ethanol; GABA Agonists; H	2004
Pharmacological complications of the chronic baclofen infusion in the severe spinal spasticity. Personal experience and review of the literature. Journal of neurosurgical sciences, 2004, Volume: 48, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Constipation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug	2004
Prolonged intrathecal baclofen withdrawal syndrome. Case report and discussion of current therapeutic management. Journal of neurosurgery, 2005, Volume: 102, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Humans; Infusion Pumps; Injections, Spinal; Male; Meningitis; Methicillin Resistanc	2005
Management of methamphetamine abuse and dependence. Current psychiatry reports, 2006, Volume: 8, Issue:5 Topics: Baclofen; Benzhydryl Compounds; Brain; Bupropion; Cognition Disorders; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy;	2006
The sequential use of clonidine and naltrexone in the treatment of opiate addicts. Advances in alcohol & substance abuse, 1984,Spring, Volume: 3, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Endorphins; Eth	1984
Death after acute withdrawal of intrathecal baclofen: case report and literature review. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 1999, Volume: 80, Issue:12 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Baclofen; Brain Death; Cervical Vertebrae; Equipment Failure; Fatal Out	1999
Withdrawal syndromes. Emergency medicine clinics of North America, 2000, Volume: 18, Issue:2 Topics: Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium; Analgesics, Opioid; Baclofen; Emergencies; Emergency Treatment; Ethanol	2000
Neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome after abrupt withdrawal of baclofen. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2001, Volume: 15, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Creatine Kinase; Electrocardiography; Humans; Male; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Musc	2001
Abrupt withdrawal from intrathecal baclofen: recognition and management of a potentially life-threatening syndrome. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2002, Volume: 83, Issue:6 Topics: Anti-Anxiety Agents; Autonomic Dysreflexia; Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Diagnosis, Differential; GABA	2002
[Tardive dyskinesia induced by neuroleptics. A review of the literature]. L'Encephale, 1979, Volume: 5, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Antipsychotic Agents; Athetosis; Baclofen; Child; Chorea; Diag	1979
Baclofen-induced psychosis: two cases and a review. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1988, Volume: 49, Issue:8 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Baclofen; Bipolar Disorder; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Female; Humans; Ma	1988

Article	Year
Baclofen during alcohol detoxification reduces the need for additional diazepam: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire), 2023, Sep-09, Volume: 58, Issue:5 Topics: Alcoholism; Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Diazepam; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Single-Blind Method; S	2023
A randomized, open-label, standard controlled, parallel group study of efficacy and safety of baclofen, and chlordiazepoxide in uncomplicated alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Biomedical journal, 2016, Volume: 39, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Baclofen; Chlordiazepoxide; Diazepam; Humans; Lorazepam; Male; Middle Aged;	2016
Effects of baclofen and mirtazapine on a laboratory model of marijuana withdrawal and relapse. Psychopharmacology, 2010, Volume: 211, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adult; Affect; Baclofen; Cognition; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug;	2010
Treating alcohol withdrawal with oral baclofen: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of hospital medicine, 2011, Volume: 6, Issue:8 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle	2011
Baclofen for maintenance treatment of opioid dependence: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial [ISRCTN32121581]. BMC psychiatry, 2003, Nov-18, Volume: 3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Baclofen; Behavior, Addictive; Depressive Disorder; Double-Blind Method; Female;	2003
Baclofen in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a comparative study vs diazepam. The American journal of medicine, 2006, Volume: 119, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Baclofen; Diazepam; Ethanol; Female; GABA Agonists; Humans; Male;	2006
Rapid opiate detoxication in outpatient treatment: relationship with naltrexone compliance. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 2000, Volume: 18, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Baclofen; Clo	2000
Double-blind randomized controlled trial of baclofen vs. clonidine in the treatment of opiates withdrawal. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 2000, Volume: 25, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Narcotics; Substance Wit	2000
Baclofen versus clonidine in the treatment of opiates withdrawal, side-effects aspect: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 2001, Volume: 26, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Baclofen; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Male; Muscle Relaxants, Central	2001
Effects of a single dose of baclofen on self-reported subjective effects and tobacco smoking. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2001, Volume: 3, Issue:2 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Affect; Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Femal	2001
Pharmacological rebound: a tool in the evaluation of antispasticity drugs. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 1976, Volume: 57, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Aminobutyrates; Baclofen; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Male; Mi	1976
Baclofen versus diazepam for the treatment of spasticity and long-term follow-up of baclofen therapy. Pharmatherapeutica, 1985, Volume: 4, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diazepam; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies;	1985

Article	Year
Baclofen Withdrawal With Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome: Bacterial Meningitis Mimicker. The Journal of emergency medicine, 2022, Volume: 62, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Female; Headache; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spinal; Meningit	2022
Chronic Phenibut Use: Symptoms, Severe Withdrawal, and Recovery. WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin, 2022, Volume: 121, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Male; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	2022
Inpatient GHB withdrawal management in an inner-city hospital in Sydney, Australia: a retrospective medical record review. Psychopharmacology, 2023, Volume: 240, Issue:1 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Baclofen; Delirium; Diazepam; Female; Hospitals, Urban; Humans; Inpatients; Male; M	2023
Inpatient GHB withdrawal management in an inner-city hospital in Sydney, Australia: a retrospective medical record review. Psychopharmacology, 2023, Volume: 240, Issue:1 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Baclofen; Delirium; Diazepam; Female; Hospitals, Urban; Humans; Inpatients; Male; M	2023
Inpatient GHB withdrawal management in an inner-city hospital in Sydney, Australia: a retrospective medical record review. Psychopharmacology, 2023, Volume: 240, Issue:1 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Baclofen; Delirium; Diazepam; Female; Hospitals, Urban; Humans; Inpatients; Male; M	2023
Inpatient GHB withdrawal management in an inner-city hospital in Sydney, Australia: a retrospective medical record review. Psychopharmacology, 2023, Volume: 240, Issue:1 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Baclofen; Delirium; Diazepam; Female; Hospitals, Urban; Humans; Inpatients; Male; M	2023
Management of high-dose intrathecal baclofen pump explant: A case report. Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain, 2023, Volume: 23, Issue:7 Topics: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Baclofen; Chronic Pain; Diazepam; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable	2023
The mechanism of chronic nicotine exposure and nicotine withdrawal on pain perception in an animal model. Neuroscience letters, 2020, 01-10, Volume: 715 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Bicuculline; Disease Models, Animal; Down-Regulation; Endorphins; gamma-Aminobuty	2020
Enteral baclofen withdrawal managed with intravenous dexmedetomidine: A case report. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 2020, Feb-19, Volume: 77, Issue:5 Topics: Back Pain; Baclofen; Chronic Pain; Dexmedetomidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; GABA-B Recepto	2020
Severe delirium after GHB abuse. Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 2020, 02-04, Volume: 140, Issue:2 Topics: Baclofen; Delirium; Female; Humans; Propofol; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	2020
Is R(+)-Baclofen the best option for the future of Baclofen in alcohol dependence pharmacotherapy? Insights from the preclinical side. Addiction biology, 2021, Volume: 26, Issue:2 Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Animals; Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; GABA-B Receptor A	2021
Intrathecal Baclofen Overdose With Paradoxical Autonomic Features Mimicking Withdrawal. The Journal of emergency medicine, 2020, Volume: 58, Issue:4 Topics: Baclofen; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spinal; Male; Muscle Relaxants, Central;	2020
GABA Current topics in behavioral neurosciences, 2022, Volume: 52 Topics: Alcoholism; Allosteric Regulation; Animals; Baclofen; Rats; Receptors, GABA-B; Substance Withdrawal	2022
Severe hyperthermia due to oral baclofen withdrawal. BMJ case reports, 2020, Sep-29, Volume: 13, Issue:9 Topics: Administration, Oral; Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fever; Humans; Middle Aged	2020
Baclofen to Prevent Agitation Caused by Alcohol Withdrawal in the ICU. JAMA, 2021, 02-23, Volume: 325, Issue:8 Topics: Alcoholism; Baclofen; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Respiration, Artificial; Substance Withdrawal Sy	2021
Characterizing Baclofen Withdrawal: A National Survey of Physician Experience. Pediatric neurology, 2021, Volume: 122 Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Baclofen; Health Care Surveys; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Musc	2021
Dissociative Intoxication and Prolonged Withdrawal Associated With Phenibut: A Case Report. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 2017, Volume: 37, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Delirium; GABA Agonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Male; Substance Withdrawa	2017
Effects of Injection of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Agonists into the Nucleus Accumbens on Naloxone-Induced Morphine Withdrawal. Pharmacology, 2017, Volume: 100, Issue:3-4 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; GABA Agonists; Injections; Locomotion; Male; Morphine Dependence; Muscimol; Nalox	2017
Generalized Itching and Lower-Extremity Spasticity in a Patient with Intrathecal Baclofen Pump. The Journal of emergency medicine, 2018, Volume: 54, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Injections, Spinal; Lower	2018
An observational study of benzodiazepine prescription during inpatient alcohol detoxification for patients with vs. without chronic pretreatment with high-dosage baclofen. Fundamental & clinical pharmacology, 2018, Volume: 32, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Diazepam; Female; GABA Modulato	2018
An Unreported Cause of Intrathecal Baclofen Withdrawal Symptoms in a Woman With Spastic Cerebral Palsy Who Received Intrathecal Gablofen. The Journal of neuroscience nursing : journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, 2018, Volume: 50, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Cerebral Palsy; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Musc	2018
A Case of Drug Dependence Syndrome to Baclofen Following High-Dose Therapy. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 2018, Volume: 38, Issue:3 Topics: Baclofen; Female; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Humans; Middle Aged; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Subs	2018
Baclofen-Induced Neuro-Respiratory Toxicity in the Rat: Contribution of Tolerance and Characterization of Withdrawal Syndrome. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 2018, 07-01, Volume: 164, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Brain; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Tolerance; Male; Neurotoxicity Synd	2018
Baclofen withdrawal hallucinosis. Asian journal of psychiatry, 2018, Volume: 36 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Hallucinations; Humans; Male; Quetiapine Fumarate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; T	2018
Delirium tremens in an AUD patient after an intrathecal baclofen pump induced total alcohol abstinence. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 2018, Volume: 22, Issue:16 Topics: Alcohol Abstinence; Alcohol Drinking; Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Diazepam; H	2018
A Novel Approach to Avoid Baclofen Withdrawal When Faced With Infected Baclofen Pumps. Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society, 2019, Volume: 22, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Baclofen; Equipment Contamination; Female; Follow-Up Stud	2019
A case of Baclofen withdrawal induced psychosis treated with lorazepam. The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 2019, Volume: 53, Issue:2 Topics: Anti-Anxiety Agents; Baclofen; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Humans; Lorazepam; Male; Middle Aged; Psych	2019
A Case of Pocket Fill Causing Baclofen Withdrawal. Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society, 2019, Volume: 22, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Equipment Design; Female; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Muscle Relaxants, Ce	2019
Subcutaneous dexmedetomidine for baclofen withdrawal during palliative sedation. BMJ supportive & palliative care, 2020, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Topics: Baclofen; Dexmedetomidine; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infusions, Subcutaneous; Male; Middle Ag	2020
Difficult to sedate case of acute behavioural disturbance secondary to baclofen withdrawal. Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA, 2019, Volume: 31, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Diazepam; Droperidol; Humans; Male; Problem	2019
Assessing alcohol versus baclofen withdrawal syndrome in patients treated with baclofen for alcohol use disorder. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 2014, Volume: 34, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Abstinence; Alcohol Drinking; Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Conf	2014
Attenuation by baclofen of nicotine rewarding properties and nicotine withdrawal manifestations. Psychopharmacology, 2014, Volume: 231, Issue:15 Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Avoidance Learning; Baclofen; Conditioning, Psychological; GABA-B Receptor Agonist	2014
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous baclofen in dogs: a preliminary study. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 2014, Volume: 66, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Area Under Curve; Baclofen; Biological Availability; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug	2014
Cardiac arrest due to baclofen withdrawal syndrome. BMJ case reports, 2014, May-14, Volume: 2014 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Equipment Failure; Heart Arrest; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Muscle Relaxants	2014
Baclofen prevented the changes in c-Fos and brain-derived neutrophic factor expressions during mecamylamine-precipitated nicotine withdrawal in mice. Synapse (New York, N.Y.), 2014, Volume: 68, Issue:11 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Basal Ganglia; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Hippocampus; Male; Mecamylamine	2014
Dexmedetomidine for acute baclofen withdrawal. Neurocritical care, 2015, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Baclofen; Cerebral Palsy; Dexmedetomidine; GABA-B	2015
The central amygdala nucleus is critical for incubation of methamphetamine craving. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2015, Mar-13, Volume: 40, Issue:5 Topics: Amphetamine-Related Disorders; Animals; Baclofen; Basolateral Nuclear Complex; Central Amygdaloid Nu	2015
[Baclofen: don't forget the initial therapeutic indications]. Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983), 2015, Volume: 44, Issue:4 Pt 1 Topics: Aged; Alcoholism; Arthralgia; Baclofen; Humans; Male; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	2015
High-dose baclofen: withdrawal syndrome following abrupt discontinuation. Prescrire international, 2014, Volume: 23, Issue:153 Topics: Alcohol Abstinence; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Drug Administration Schedule; GABA-B Rec	2014
Spinal Surgery and Abrupt Intrathecal Baclofen Withdrawal. A & A case reports, 2015, Nov-01, Volume: 5, Issue:9 Topics: Baclofen; Female; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Middle Aged; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscl	2015
Baclofen prevents the elevated plus maze behavior and BDNF expression during naloxone precipitated morphine withdrawal in male and female mice. Synapse (New York, N.Y.), 2016, Volume: 70, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Brain; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Female; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Male;	2016
About baclofen withdrawal syndrome. Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983), 2016, Volume: 45, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Female; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Humans; Nervous System Diseases; Substance Withdr	2016
Severe Central Sleep Apnea Associated With Chronic Baclofen Therapy: A Case Series. Chest, 2016, Volume: 149, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Central Nervous System Depressants; Ethanol; Humans; Male; Middle Aged;	2016
Self-induced drug intoxication in baclofen: of the calm hypotonic coma in the status epilepticus. Annales de biologie clinique, 2016, Jun-01, Volume: 74, Issue:3 Topics: Baclofen; Coma; Drug Overdose; Female; France; Humans; Middle Aged; Muscle Hypotonia; Self-Injurious	2016
[Aggression and restlessness following baclofen overdose: the narrow line between intoxication and withdrawal symptoms]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 2016, Volume: 160 Topics: Adult; Aggression; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Delirium; Drug Overdose; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Humans;	2016
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy as a reversible complication of intrathecal baclofen withdrawal. Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine, 2016, Volume: 59, Issue:5-6 Topics: Baclofen; Humans; Infusions, Spinal; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Paraplegia; Subst	2016
Intrathecal baclofen withdrawal: A rare cause of reversible cardiomyopathy. Acute cardiac care, 2016, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Cardiomyopathies; Catheterization, Swan-Ganz; Coronary Angiography; Echocardiograph	2016
Recognition of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid withdrawal: Rapid progression and prolonged symptomatology. Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA, 2017, Volume: 29, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Australia; Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Diazepam; Humans; Hydroxybutyrat	2017
Attenuation of morphine withdrawal signs by a GABAB receptor agonist in the locus coeruleus of rats. Behavioural brain research, 2009, Jan-03, Volume: 196, Issue:1 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination	2009
Delirium secondary to intrathecal baclofen. Spinal cord, 2009, Volume: 47, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Delirium; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Aged;	2009
Intrathecal baclofen withdrawal syndrome following posterior spinal fusion for neuromuscular scoliosis: a case report. The Iowa orthopaedic journal, 2008, Volume: 28 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Baclofen; Female; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections,	2008
Intrathecal baclofen withdrawal resembling serotonin syndrome in an adolescent boy with cerebral palsy. Pediatric emergency care, 2008, Volume: 24, Issue:10 Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adolescent; Autonomic Dysreflexia; Baclofen; Cerebral Palsy; Diagnosis, Differential	2008
Possible involvement of the hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin gene and beta-endorphin expression on acute morphine withdrawal development. Brain research bulletin, 2009, Dec-16, Volume: 80, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Baclofen; beta-Endorphin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug	2009
Baclofen withdrawal causes psychosis in otherwise unclouded consciousness. The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 2009,Fall, Volume: 21, Issue:4 Topics: Baclofen; Female; GABA Agonists; Hallucinations; Humans; Middle Aged; Psychoses, Substance-Induced;	2009
Baclofen in cannabis dependence syndrome. Biological psychiatry, 2010, Aug-01, Volume: 68, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Humans; Male; Marijuana Abuse; Secondary Prevention; Subs	2010
Spasticity therapy reacts to astrocyte GluA1 receptor upregulation following spinal cord injury. British journal of pharmacology, 2010, Volume: 161, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Baclofen; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Isoquinolines; Muscle Relaxants, Central;	2010
Long-term adaptation to high doses of morphine causes desensitization of mu-OR- and delta-OR-stimulated G-protein response in forebrain cortex but does not decrease the amount of G-protein alpha subunits. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 2010, Volume: 16, Issue:8 Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Baclofen; Behavior, Animal; Cell Membrane; Cerebral Cortex; Dose	2010
Gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) dependence and withdrawal. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2011, Volume: 106, Issue:2 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Ambulatory Care; Baclofen; Delirium; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, D	2011
Chronic baclofen abuse and withdrawal delirium. The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 2011, Volume: 45, Issue:1 Topics: Baclofen; Confusion; Delirium; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Substance Wit	2011
Reversible electrocardiogram changes and cardiomyopathy secondary to baclofen withdrawal syndrome. The American heart hospital journal, 2010,Summer, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Autonomic Dysreflexia; Baclofen; Bundle-Branch Block; Electrocardiography; Fever; GABA-B Rece	2010
Prolonged episode of dystonia and dyskinesia resembling status epilepticus following acute intrathecal baclofen withdrawal. Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2011, Volume: 21, Issue:3 Topics: Baclofen; Child; Dyskinesias; Dystonia; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance I	2011
Ability of baclofen to prevent somatic manifestations and neurochemical changes during nicotine withdrawal. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2011, Dec-01, Volume: 119, Issue:1-2 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Behavior, Animal; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Male; Mec	2011
[Baclofen for alcohol addiction]. Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 2011, Nov-01, Volume: 131, Issue:21 Topics: Alcoholism; Baclofen; Evidence-Based Medicine; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, C	2011
Accidental intoxication with 60 mg intrathecal baclofen: survived. Neurocritical care, 2012, Volume: 16, Issue:3 Topics: Baclofen; Critical Care; Female; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spinal; Middle Age	2012
The γ-aminobutyric acid type B (GABAB) receptor agonist baclofen inhibits morphine sensitization by decreasing the dopamine level in rat nucleus accumbens. Behavioral and brain functions : BBF, 2012, Jul-10, Volume: 8 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Baclofen; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Extracellular Space; GABA-B	2012
Baclofen did not modify sexually dimorphic c-Fos expression during morphine withdrawal syndrome. Synapse (New York, N.Y.), 2013, Volume: 67, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Female; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Hippocampus; Male; Mice; Morphine; Naloxone; Na	2013
Chronic intrathecal baclofen treatment and withdrawal: I. Changes in ankle torque and hind limb posture in normal rats. Journal of neurotrauma, 2002, Volume: 19, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Electromyography; Female; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Hindlimb; Injections, Spinal;	2002
Baclofen reestablishes striatal and cortical dopamine concentrations during naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. Neurochemistry international, 2003, Volume: 42, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Cerebral Cortex; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dopamine; Electrochemistry	2003
Baclofen withdrawal following removal of an intrathecal baclofen pump despite oral baclofen replacement. Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology, 2003, Volume: 41, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; GABA Agonists; GABA-A Receptor Agonists; Hemodynamics; Humans; Injections, Spinal;	2003
Bladder stones - red herring for resurgence of spasticity in a spinal cord injury patient with implantation of Medtronic Synchromed pump for intrathecal delivery of baclofen - a case report. BMC urology, 2003, Mar-25, Volume: 3 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Equipment Failure; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Male; Muscle Relaxants, Cen	2003
Baclofen attenuates conditioned locomotion to cues associated with cocaine administration and stabilizes extracellular glutamate levels in rat nucleus accumbens. Neuroscience, 2003, Volume: 118, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Cocaine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Conditioning, Psychological; Cues; Disease Mo	2003
Suppression by baclofen of alcohol deprivation effect in Sardinian alcohol-preferring (sP) rats. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2003, May-01, Volume: 70, Issue:1 Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Baclofen; Central Nervous System Depressants; Disease Models, Animal; Ethanol;	2003
Cyproheptadine for intrathecal baclofen withdrawal. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2003, Volume: 84, Issue:5 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Baclofen; Cerebral Palsy; Cyproheptadine; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Fev	2003
Intrathecal baclofen withdrawal mimicking sepsis. The Journal of emergency medicine, 2003, Volume: 24, Issue:4 Topics: Baclofen; Child, Preschool; Clinical Protocols; Decerebrate State; Diagnosis, Differential; Emergenc	2003
Monitoring of creatinine kinase during weaning of intrathecal baclofen and with symptoms of early withdrawal. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation, 2003, Volume: 82, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Creatine Kinase; Equipment Contamination; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Inje	2003
Intrathecal baclofen for stiff-person syndrome: life-threatening intermittent catheter leakage. Neurology, 2003, Jun-24, Volume: 60, Issue:12 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Baclofen; Catheterization; Equipment Failure; Humans; Hypertension; Infusion P	2003
Subdural catheter migration may lead to baclofen pump dysfunction. Spinal cord, 2003, Volume: 41, Issue:12 Topics: Accidental Falls; Adult; Baclofen; Catheterization; Equipment Failure; Follow-Up Studies; Foreign-Bo	2003
Comment on "Baclofen withdrawal following removal of an intrathecal baclofen pump despite oral baclofen replacement". Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology, 2003, Volume: 41, Issue:7 Topics: Administration, Oral; Baclofen; Humans; Infusion Pumps; Injections, Spinal; Substance Withdrawal Syn	2003
Interaction of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor type B receptors and calcium channels in nociceptive transmission studied in the mouse hemisected spinal cord in vitro: withdrawal symptoms related to baclofen treatment. Neuroscience letters, 2004, May-06, Volume: 361, Issue:1-3 Topics: Action Potentials; Afferent Pathways; Animals; Baclofen; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels;	2004
Correlation between withdrawal symptoms and medication pump residual volume in patients with implantable SynchroMed pumps. Neurosurgery, 2004, Volume: 55, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics, Opioid; Baclofen; Bupivacaine; Clon	2004
Respiratory distress after intrathecal baclofen withdrawal. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2004, Volume: 99, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Critical Care; Dyspnea; Dystonia; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Injection	2004
Intrauterine baclofen exposure: a multidisciplinary approach. Pediatrics, 2004, Volume: 114, Issue:2 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Baclofen; Breast Feeding; Female; GABA Agonists; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Muscle	2004
Baclofen reestablishes micro-opioid receptor levels modified by morphine withdrawal syndrome in either sex. Synapse (New York, N.Y.), 2004, Volume: 54, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Brain; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Female; GABA Agonists; Male; Mice; Mo	2004
Intrathecal baclofen withdrawal syndrome- a life-threatening complication of baclofen pump: a case report. BMC clinical pharmacology, 2004, Aug-09, Volume: 4 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Equipment Failure; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Male; Spine; Substance With	2004
Intrathecal baclofen withdrawal: emergent recognition and management. Pediatric emergency care, 2004, Volume: 20, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Baclofen; Child; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Muscle Relaxants, Cent	2004
Intrathecal baclofen withdrawal syndrome caused by low residual volume in the pump reservoir: a report of 2 cases. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2004, Volume: 85, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Male; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle Spasti	2004
Baclofen for outpatient treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. The Journal of family practice, 2005, Volume: 54, Issue:1 Topics: Alcohol-Related Disorders; Baclofen; GABA Agonists; Humans; Inpatients; Outpatients; Substance Withd	2005
Pruritus after intrathecal baclofen withdrawal: A retrospective study. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2005, Volume: 86, Issue:3 Topics: Baclofen; GABA Agonists; Humans; Incidence; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spinal; Muscle	2005
Baclofen withdrawal: a cause of prolonged fever in the intensive care unit. Anaesthesia and intensive care, 2005, Volume: 33, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Diagnosis, Differential; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fever; Humans; I	2005
Low-dose propofol infusion for controlling acute hyperspasticity after withdrawal of intrathecal baclofen therapy. Anesthesiology, 2005, Volume: 103, Issue:3 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Baclofen; Drug Hypersensitivity; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Muscl	2005
Intrathecal baclofen overdose followed by withdrawal: clinical and EEG features. Pediatric neurology, 2005, Volume: 33, Issue:5 Topics: Baclofen; Brain Diseases; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Drug Overdose; Electroencephalography; Humans; Inje	2005
Intrathecal baclofen overdose and withdrawal. Pediatric emergency care, 2006, Volume: 22, Issue:4 Topics: Baclofen; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Drug Overdose; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spi	2006
Morphine withdrawal syndrome and its prevention with baclofen: Autoradiographic study of mu-opioid receptors in prepubertal male and female mice. Synapse (New York, N.Y.), 2006, Volume: 60, Issue:2 Topics: Aging; Animals; Autoradiography; Baclofen; Binding Sites; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalin,	2006
[Neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome following abrupt withdrawal of baclofen]. Medicina clinica, 2006, Jun-10, Volume: 127, Issue:2 Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Baclofen; Humans; Male; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome	2006
Baclofen-induced suppression of alcohol deprivation effect in Sardinian alcohol-preferring (sP) rats exposed to different alcohol concentrations. European journal of pharmacology, 2006, Nov-21, Volume: 550, Issue:1-3 Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Baclofen; Central Nervous System Depressants; Data Interpretation, Statis	2006
Baclofen blocks expression and sensitization of anxiety-like behavior in an animal model of repeated stress and ethanol withdrawal. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 2007, Volume: 31, Issue:4 Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Anxiety; Baclofen; Body Weight; Central Nervous System Depressants; Diet;	2007
Baclofen not comparable to diazepam for alcohol withdrawal. The American journal of medicine, 2007, Volume: 120, Issue:6 Topics: Anti-Anxiety Agents; Baclofen; Diazepam; Ethanol; GABA Agonists; Humans; Substance Withdrawal Syndro	2007
Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal: not comparable to the gold standard (benzodiazepines). The American journal of medicine, 2007, Volume: 120, Issue:6 Topics: Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Ethanol; GABA Agonists; Humans; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	2007
Intravenous diazepam infusion in the management of planned intrathecal baclofen withdrawal. Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2007, Volume: 49, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Baclofen; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Diazepam; Drug Administration S	2007
GABAergic medications for treating alcohol dependence. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 2007, Volume: 27, Issue:5 Topics: Alcoholism; Baclofen; Drug Therapy, Combination; GABA Agonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Hyd	2007
Infusion of intrathecal baclofen for acute withdrawal. Technical note. Journal of neurosurgery, 2007, Volume: 107, Issue:4 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Baclofen; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable;	2007
Prolonged, severe intrathecal baclofen withdrawal syndrome: a case report. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2007, Volume: 88, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Baclofen; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Critical Care; Cross Infection; Device Removal; Dose-Re	2007
Baclofen as prophylaxis and treatment for alcohol withdrawal: a retrospective chart review. The Journal of the Oklahoma State Medical Association, 2007, Volume: 100, Issue:9 Topics: Alcoholism; Baclofen; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	2007
Growth hormone response to the GABA-B agonist baclofen in 3-week abstinent alcoholics. Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.), 2007, Volume: 41, Issue:8 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Case-Control Studies; GABA Agonists; GABA-B Recep	2007
Reversible cardiomyopathy complicating intrathecal baclofen withdrawal: a case report. Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology, 2007, Volume: 3, Issue:4 Topics: Baclofen; Cardiomyopathies; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injectio	2007
Cyproheptadine for pediatric intrathecal baclofen withdrawal: a case report. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation, 2007, Volume: 86, Issue:12 Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Baclofen; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Cyproheptadine; Equipment Failure; Female;	2007
Baclofen and gamma-hydroxybutyrate withdrawal. Neurocritical care, 2008, Volume: 8, Issue:3 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Delirium; Epilepsy; Female; GABA Agonists; Humans;	2008
gamma-Aminobutyric acid-ergic analgesia: implications for gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic therapy for drug addictions. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1984, Volume: 14, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Brain; Drug Tolerance; Endorphins; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Hum	1984
Convulsions after abrupt withdrawal of baclofen. Lancet (London, England), 1982, Sep-04, Volume: 2, Issue:8297 Topics: Baclofen; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Paraplegia; Substance Withdrawal Synd	1982
Dyskinesia and psychosis in a patient following baclofen withdrawal. The American journal of psychiatry, 1984, Volume: 141, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Humans; Male; Movement Disorders; Muscle Spasticity; Pain; Paraplegia; Psychoses, S	1984
Status epilepticus after baclofen withdrawal. Journal of the National Medical Association, 1984, Volume: 76, Issue:5 Topics: Baclofen; Humans; Hypoxia, Brain; Male; Middle Aged; Status Epilepticus; Substance Withdrawal Syndro	1984
The effects of ethanol, phenobarbital, and baclofen on ethanol withdrawal in the rhesus monkey. Psychopharmacology, 1980, Volume: 70, Issue:2 Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Ataxia; Baclofen; Behavior, Animal; Drug Interactions; Ethanol; Humans; Macaca	1980
Complications of baclofen withdrawal. Archives of neurology, 1981, Volume: 38, Issue:9 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Baclofen; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Female; Hallucinations; Humans; Male; Middle Ag	1981
Methodology for assessing agents that suppress methadone withdrawal: a study of baclofen. NIDA research monograph, 1982, Volume: 41 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Male; Methadone; Middle Aged; Opioid-Related Disorders	1982
Manic psychosis following rapid withdrawal from baclofen. The American journal of psychiatry, 1980, Volume: 137, Issue:11 Topics: Affective Disorders, Psychotic; Aged; Baclofen; Bipolar Disorder; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug;	1980
Dantrolene treatment for abrupt intrathecal baclofen withdrawal. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1995, Volume: 80, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Dantrolene; Fever; Humans; Male; Muscle Spasticity; Spinal Cord Injuries; Substance	1995
Do GABAB receptors have a role in causing behavioural hyperexcitability, both during ethanol withdrawal and in naive mice? Psychopharmacology, 1995, Volume: 117, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Behavior, Animal; Ethanol; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; GABA-B Receptor Antagonists;	1995
The effects of GABAB ligands on alcohol withdrawal in mice. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1994, Volume: 49, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Behavior, Animal; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethanol; Female; GA	1994
Neurological manifestations of baclofen withdrawal. The Journal of urology, 1993, Volume: 150, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Diplopia; Epilepsy, Absence; Female; Humans; Male; Muscle Spasticity; Psychoses, Su	1993
Hyperthermia associated with baclofen withdrawal and increased spasticity. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 1993, Volume: 74, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Baclofen; Fever; Humans; Male; Muscle Spasticity; Quadriplegia; Substance Withdrawal Syn	1993
Local opioid withdrawal in rat single periaqueductal gray neurons in vitro. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 1996, Nov-15, Volume: 16, Issue:22 Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Baclof	1996
Disappearance of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)B receptor-mediated cAMP suppression in mouse cerebrum after chronic treatment with morphine. Life sciences, 1996, Volume: 59, Issue:25-26 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Blotting, Western; Cerebral Cortex; Cyclic AMP; Male; Mice; Morphine; Receptors,	1996
[Severe hyperthermia caused by sudden withdrawal of continuous intrathecal administration of baclofen]. Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation, 1996, Volume: 15, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Fever; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spinal; Male; Muscle Hypoto	1996
Hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with baclofen pump catheter failure. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 1998, Volume: 79, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Catheters, Indwelling; Dantrolene; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Equipmen	1998
Prolonged severe withdrawal symptoms after acute-on-chronic baclofen overdose. Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology, 1998, Volume: 36, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Cardiovascular Diseases; Drug Overdose; Humans; Male; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Ne	1998
GABAB receptors are involved in the control of acute opiate withdrawal in isolated tissue. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 1999, Volume: 23, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; GABA Agonists; GABA-B Receptor Antagonists; Gui	1999
Effects of GABAergic system on naloxone-induced jumping in morphine-dependent mice. European journal of pharmacology, 1999, Sep-24, Volume: 381, Issue:2-3 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Behavior, Animal; Bicuculline; GABA Agonists; GABA Antagonists; GABA-A Receptor A	1999
Ability of baclofen in reducing alcohol intake and withdrawal severity: I--Preclinical evidence. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 2000, Volume: 24, Issue:1 Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Animals; Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Evaluation,	2000
Ability of baclofen in reducing alcohol craving and intake: II--Preliminary clinical evidence. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 2000, Volume: 24, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Animals; Baclofen; Combined Modality Therapy; Dose-Response Rel	2000
Intrathecal baclofen withdrawal simulating neuroleptic malignant syndrome in a child with cerebral palsy. Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2000, Volume: 42, Issue:8 Topics: Baclofen; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Muscle R	2000
Lack of sex-related differences in the prevention by baclofen of the morphine withdrawal syndrome in mice. Behavioural pharmacology, 2001, Volume: 12, Issue:1 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Baclofen; Behavior, Animal; Defecation; Estrus; Female; GABA Agonists;	2001
Withdrawal of baclofen may cause acute confusion in elderly patients. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2001, Oct-13, Volume: 323, Issue:7317 Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Baclofen; Confusion; GABA Agonists; Humans; Male; Muscle Rel	2001
Attenuation of morphine withdrawal signs by the GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen. Life sciences, 2001, Dec-14, Volume: 70, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Behavior, Animal; Drug Antagonism; Drug Combinations; GABA Agonists; GABA Antagon	2001
Rapid suppression of alcohol withdrawal syndrome by baclofen. The American journal of medicine, 2002, Feb-15, Volume: 112, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Baclofen; Ethanol; Female; GABA Agonists; Humans; Liver; Male; Middle A	2002
Rapid suppression of alcohol withdrawal syndrome by baclofen. The American journal of medicine, 2002, Feb-15, Volume: 112, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Baclofen; Ethanol; Female; GABA Agonists; Humans; Liver; Male; Middle A	2002
Rapid suppression of alcohol withdrawal syndrome by baclofen. The American journal of medicine, 2002, Feb-15, Volume: 112, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Baclofen; Ethanol; Female; GABA Agonists; Humans; Liver; Male; Middle A	2002
Rapid suppression of alcohol withdrawal syndrome by baclofen. The American journal of medicine, 2002, Feb-15, Volume: 112, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Baclofen; Ethanol; Female; GABA Agonists; Humans; Liver; Male; Middle A	2002
Baclofen prevents morphine withdrawal irrespective of seasonal variation. Behavioural pharmacology, 2002, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Arousal; Baclofen; Female; Male; Mice; Morphine; Motor Activity; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagon	2002
Hallucinations after withdrawal of baclofen. Lancet (London, England), 1977, Apr-16, Volume: 1, Issue:8016 Topics: Aminobutyrates; Baclofen; Hallucinations; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Parkinson Disease; Substance Wi	1977
Hallucinations after sudden withdrawal of baclofen. Lancet (London, England), 1977, Jul-02, Volume: 2, Issue:8027 Topics: Aminobutyrates; Baclofen; Female; Hallucinations; Humans; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Substance	1977
[Tardive dyskinesia. Synthetic-critical review and case contribution]. L'Ateneo parmense. Acta bio-medica : organo della Societa di medicina e scienze naturali di Parma, 1977, Volume: 48, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Baclofen; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Female; Humans; Iatrogenic Disease; Male; Mental Di	1977
Baclofen-assisted detoxification from opiates. A pilot study. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 1992, Volume: 9, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone; Neurologic Examination; Opioid-Related Disorders;	1992
Development of an acute withdrawal syndrome following the cessation of intrathecal baclofen in a patient with spasticity. Anesthesiology, 1992, Volume: 77, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spinal; Male; Muscle Spasticity; Q	1992
Effects of nitrendipine, chlordiazepoxide, flumazenil and baclofen on the increased anxiety resulting from alcohol withdrawal. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 1992, Volume: 16, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Baclofen; Chlordiazepoxide; Diazepam; Ethanol; Flumazenil; Interpersonal Relations	1992
Raised [3H]-5-HT release and 45Ca2+ uptake in diazepam withdrawal: inhibition by baclofen. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1992, Volume: 41, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Calcium; Cerebral Cortex; Diazepam; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Rats;	1992
Diazepam withdrawal responses measured in the social interaction test of anxiety and their reversal by baclofen. Psychopharmacology, 1991, Volume: 104, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Baclofen; Diazepam; Drug Tolerance; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Rats; Substance	1991
Effects of baclofen and nitrendipine on ethanol withdrawal responses in the rat. Neuropharmacology, 1991, Volume: 30, Issue:2 Topics: Aggression; Animals; Anxiety; Baclofen; Diet; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethanol; Exploratory	1991
GABAergic modulation of inferior colliculus excitability: role in the ethanol withdrawal audiogenic seizures. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1986, Volume: 237, Issue:2 Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Animals; Baclofen; Benzodiazepinones; Bicuculline; Ethanol; Geniculate Bodies;	1986
[Antiabstinent action of fenibut and baclofen on a model of abstinence induced by the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist CGS 8216 in rats receiving diazepam]. Biulleten' eksperimental'noi biologii i meditsiny, 1987, Volume: 103, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Behavior, Animal; Diazepam; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	1987
The role of GABA in morphine abstinence in rats. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1988, Volume: 21, Issue:1 Topics: Aminooxyacetic Acid; Animals; Baclofen; Bicuculline; Diazepam; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Male; Morphi	1988
Adverse effects secondary to baclofen withdrawal. Drug intelligence & clinical pharmacy, 1985, Volume: 19, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Hallucinations; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Mus	1985
Aggravated CNS depression with urinary retention secondary to baclofen administration. Archives of internal medicine, 1985, Volume: 145, Issue:9 Topics: Aged; Baclofen; Cognition Disorders; Female; Humans; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Urination Disord	1985
Hallucinations after preoperative baclofen discontinuation in spinal cord injury patients. Drug intelligence & clinical pharmacy, 1985, Volume: 19, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Hallucinations; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Spinal Cord Injuries; Substance Withdraw	1985

baclofen and Drug Withdrawal Symptoms