baclofen and Alcohol Abuse studies

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Baclofen did not lead to a differential change in cognitive biases compared with placebo, and trait anxiety levels did not moderate this."	9.27	Can baclofen change alcohol-related cognitive biases and what is the role of anxiety herein? ( Beraha, EM; Krediet, E; Salemink, E; Wiers, RW, 2018)
" A post hoc analysis stratifying according to whether there had been a comorbid anxiety disorder, revealed a beneficial effect of baclofen 30 mg/day versus placebo on time to lapse and relapse (P < 0."	9.19	Baclofen for the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence and Possible Role of Comorbid Anxiety. ( Addolorato, G; Baillie, A; Haber, PS; Leggio, L; Leung, S; Morley, KC, 2014)
"Baclofen is effective at promoting alcohol abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients with liver cirrhosis."	9.12	Effectiveness and safety of baclofen for maintenance of alcohol abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients with liver cirrhosis: randomised, double-blind controlled study. ( Abenavoli, L; Addolorato, G; Caputo, F; Cardone, S; D'Angelo, C; Ferrulli, A; Gasbarrini, G; Haber, PS; Leggio, L; Mirijello, A; Vonghia, L; Zambon, A, 2007)
"90 patients with alcoholism stage II suffering from secondary affective disorders (anxiety, depression) were divided into 4 groups: treated with GABA-B-receptor ligand baclofen (group 1), with sibazon (group 2), amitriptylin (group 3), placebo (group 4)."	9.07	[The use of baclofen for treating affective disorders in alcoholism]. ( Borodkin, IuS; Burakov, AM; Grinenko, AIa; Ivanov, VB; Karandashova, GF; Krupitskiĭ, EM; Lapin, IP, 1994)
"Baclofen, a very potent agonist of the GABA system, has anti-craving properties that can provide to this old drug, usually prescribed against spasticity, a new interest in the treatment of alcoholism."	8.87	[Baclofen: the new miracle cure for alcoholism?]. ( Gache, P, 2011)
"Baclofen self-poisoning by alcohol-dependent patients is a serious concern for the French health authorities."	7.85	Self-poisoning with baclofen in alcohol-dependent patients: national reports to French Poison Control Centers, 2008-2013. ( Cardona, F; de Haro, L; Franchitto, N; Pelissier, F; Picot, C; Puskarczyk, E; Sapori, JM; Tournoud, C, 2017)
"The first case concerns a 60-year-old man who reported tinnitus when he reached a 180 mg/d dose of baclofen after 3 months of treatment."	7.80	Severe tinnitus induced by off-label baclofen. ( Auffret, M; Bordet, R; Cottencin, O; Deheul, S; Gautier, S; Hennaux, C; Loche, V; Rolland, B, 2014)
"Baclofen safety was evaluated by adverse reaction occurrence during treatment."	7.01	Systematic review and meta-analysis: Efficacy and safety of baclofen in patients with alcohol use disorder co-morbid liver diseases. ( Chang, C; Cheng, J; Duan, F; Li, J; Liu, C; Song, S; Yang, S; Zhai, H, 2023)
"Oral baclofen was given at dosages of 0 (placebo) or 30 mg/day over 12 weeks with concomitant manual-guided counseling."	6.84	The safety and efficacy of baclofen to reduce alcohol use in veterans with chronic hepatitis C: a randomized controlled trial. ( Dieperink, E; Fuller, B; Hauser, P; Ho, SB; Kern, S; Thuras, P, 2017)
"A 23-year-old man with a history of alcohol dependence was admitted to our hospital after self-intoxication with 2700 mg baclofen and 330 mg mirtazapine."	5.43	[Aggression and restlessness following baclofen overdose: the narrow line between intoxication and withdrawal symptoms]. ( de Witte, LD; Dekker, D; Kaasjager, K; Kromkamp, M; Veraart, J; Vinkers, CH, 2016)
" HDB induces frequent neuropsychiatric adverse events (AEs)."	5.42	Safety and drinking outcomes among patients with comorbid alcohol dependence and borderline personality disorder treated with high-dose baclofen: a comparative cohort study. ( Auffret, M; Bordet, R; Cottencin, O; Danel, T; Deheul, S; Gautier, S; Langlois, C; Rolland, B; Valin, T, 2015)
"Data from a randomised controlled trial (RCT) (N = 104), in which AUD patients received placebo or baclofen (30 mg/day or 75 mg/day) for 12 weeks, were analysed to determine predictive effects of the following four clinical characteristics: alcoholic liver disease (ALD), baseline alcohol consumption, craving and anxiety."	5.30	Clinical Predictors of Response to Baclofen in the Treatment of Alcohol use Disorder: Results from the BacALD Trial. ( Baillie, A; Haber, PS; Morley, KC; Rombouts, SA, 2019)
"Baclofen did not lead to a differential change in cognitive biases compared with placebo, and trait anxiety levels did not moderate this."	5.27	Can baclofen change alcohol-related cognitive biases and what is the role of anxiety herein? ( Beraha, EM; Krediet, E; Salemink, E; Wiers, RW, 2018)
" Baclofen has been shown to promote abstinence, to reduce craving, and to reduce anxiety in alcohol-dependent individuals, and it promises to be a useful agent, although clinical data are limited at present."	5.24	Randomized open-label trial of baclofen for relapse prevention in alcohol dependence. ( Arora, S; Elwadhi, D; Gupta, M; Rastogi, R; Verma, P, 2017)
" A post hoc analysis stratifying according to whether there had been a comorbid anxiety disorder, revealed a beneficial effect of baclofen 30 mg/day versus placebo on time to lapse and relapse (P < 0."	5.19	Baclofen for the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence and Possible Role of Comorbid Anxiety. ( Addolorato, G; Baillie, A; Haber, PS; Leggio, L; Leung, S; Morley, KC, 2014)
"Baclofen is effective at promoting alcohol abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients with liver cirrhosis."	5.12	Effectiveness and safety of baclofen for maintenance of alcohol abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients with liver cirrhosis: randomised, double-blind controlled study. ( Abenavoli, L; Addolorato, G; Caputo, F; Cardone, S; D'Angelo, C; Ferrulli, A; Gasbarrini, G; Haber, PS; Leggio, L; Mirijello, A; Vonghia, L; Zambon, A, 2007)
"90 patients with alcoholism stage II suffering from secondary affective disorders (anxiety, depression) were divided into 4 groups: treated with GABA-B-receptor ligand baclofen (group 1), with sibazon (group 2), amitriptylin (group 3), placebo (group 4)."	5.07	[The use of baclofen for treating affective disorders in alcoholism]. ( Borodkin, IuS; Burakov, AM; Grinenko, AIa; Ivanov, VB; Karandashova, GF; Krupitskiĭ, EM; Lapin, IP, 1994)
" Baclofen shows potential for rapidly reducing symptoms of severe AWS in people with alcoholism."	5.01	Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal. ( Liu, J; Wang, LN, 2019)
"Baclofen, a very potent agonist of the GABA system, has anti-craving properties that can provide to this old drug, usually prescribed against spasticity, a new interest in the treatment of alcoholism."	4.87	[Baclofen: the new miracle cure for alcoholism?]. ( Gache, P, 2011)
" Different lines of evidence indicate that direct agonists, including baclofen, effectively suppress acquisition and maintenance of alcohol drinking behavior, relapse-like drinking, and alcohol's reinforcing, rewarding, stimulating, and motivational properties in rats and mice."	4.85	Role of the GABA(B) receptor in alcohol-seeking and drinking behavior. ( Colombo, G; Maccioni, P, 2009)
"Baclofen self-poisoning by alcohol-dependent patients is a serious concern for the French health authorities."	3.85	Self-poisoning with baclofen in alcohol-dependent patients: national reports to French Poison Control Centers, 2008-2013. ( Cardona, F; de Haro, L; Franchitto, N; Pelissier, F; Picot, C; Puskarczyk, E; Sapori, JM; Tournoud, C, 2017)
"The first case concerns a 60-year-old man who reported tinnitus when he reached a 180 mg/d dose of baclofen after 3 months of treatment."	3.80	Severe tinnitus induced by off-label baclofen. ( Auffret, M; Bordet, R; Cottencin, O; Deheul, S; Gautier, S; Hennaux, C; Loche, V; Rolland, B, 2014)
" As baclofen suppressed ethanol self-administration and showed evidence of increased potency in dependent animals, the present experiment suggests that the GABA(B) receptor could be a potential pharmacotherapeutic target for the treatment of chronic alcoholism."	3.74	The gamma-aminobutyric acid-B receptor agonist baclofen attenuates responding for ethanol in ethanol-dependent rats. ( Koob, GF; Walker, BM, 2007)
"These results are in close agreement with those of a preliminary clinical study and suggest that baclofen may constitute a novel therapeutic agent for alcoholism."	3.70	Ability of baclofen in reducing alcohol intake and withdrawal severity: I--Preclinical evidence. ( Addolorato, G; Agabio, R; Carai, MA; Colombo, G; Gessa, GL; Lobina, C; Pani, M; Reali, R, 2000)
"Baclofen has been shown to reduce alcohol consumption in some individuals with alcohol use disorder."	3.30	Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical response in alcohol-dependent patients during baclofen treatment and association with clinical outcome: Preliminary results. ( Arunogiri, S; Baillie, A; Haber, PS; Hurzeler, T; Logge, W; Morley, K; Towers, E, 2023)
"Baclofen was well tolerated and may be considered for the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome, especially useful in situations where benzodiazepines should be withheld, such as patients with liver impairment."	3.30	Baclofen during alcohol detoxification reduces the need for additional diazepam: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. ( Crunelle, CL; Jegham, S; Matthys, F; Vanderbruggen, N, 2023)
"Twenty-eight recently detoxified patients (13 receiving baclofen (BAC), 15 receiving placebo (PLA)) were investigated within a longitudinal, double-blind, and randomized pharmaco-fMRI design with an individually adjusted daily dosage of 30-270 mg."	3.30	Effects of baclofen on insular gain anticipation in alcohol-dependent patients - a randomized, placebo-controlled, pharmaco-fMRI pilot trial. ( Beck, A; Charlet, K; Geisel, O; Genauck, A; Gleich, T; Heinz, A; Lorenz, RC; Müller, CA; Pelz, P; Wackerhagen, C; Wüstenberg, T, 2023)
"Baclofen safety was evaluated by adverse reaction occurrence during treatment."	3.01	Systematic review and meta-analysis: Efficacy and safety of baclofen in patients with alcohol use disorder co-morbid liver diseases. ( Chang, C; Cheng, J; Duan, F; Li, J; Liu, C; Song, S; Yang, S; Zhai, H, 2023)
"Baclofen daily dose was 30 mg to 300 mg: 10 RCTs used low doses (30 mg or less); eight RCTs medium doses (above 30 and 100 mg or less) and four RCTs high doses (above 100 mg)."	3.01	Baclofen for alcohol use disorder. ( Agabio, R; Minozzi, S; Rösner, S; Saulle, R, 2023)
"Both baclofen-treated groups reported fewer post-scan % HDD when compared to the placebo-treated group, but no subjective craving group differences were found."	3.01	Baclofen attenuates fMRI alcohol cue reactivity in treatment-seeking alcohol dependent individuals. ( Baillie, AJ; Haber, PS; Logge, WB; Morley, KC; Morris, RW, 2021)
"Baclofen is a selective GABA-B receptor agonist which has been investigated as a potential treatment for alcohol use disorder."	3.01	A deeper insight into how GABA-B receptor agonism via baclofen may affect alcohol seeking and consumption: lessons learned from a human laboratory investigation. ( Akhlaghi, F; Deschaine, SL; Farinelli, LA; Farokhnia, M; Lee, MR; Leggio, L; Sadighi, A, 2021)
"Treatment with baclofen further led to a decrease in alcohol cue-modulated functional connectivity between left VTA and left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as well as left medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC)."	2.87	Effects of high-dose baclofen on cue reactivity in alcohol dependence: A randomized, placebo-controlled pharmaco-fMRI study. ( Beck, A; Charlet, K; Geisel, O; Heinz, A; Lorenz, RC; Müller, CA; Pelz, P; Wüstenberg, T, 2018)
"Oral baclofen was given at dosages of 0 (placebo) or 30 mg/day over 12 weeks with concomitant manual-guided counseling."	2.84	The safety and efficacy of baclofen to reduce alcohol use in veterans with chronic hepatitis C: a randomized controlled trial. ( Dieperink, E; Fuller, B; Hauser, P; Ho, SB; Kern, S; Thuras, P, 2017)
"Baclofen was assessed versus placebo for maintenance of abstinence and reduction in alcohol consumption in alcohol-dependent patients."	2.84	A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study of High-Dose Baclofen in Alcohol-Dependent Patients-The ALPADIR Study. ( Aubin, HJ; Dano, C; Dematteis, M; Detilleux, M; Paille, F; Reynaud, M; Trinquet, F; Trojak, B; Zakine, B, 2017)
"Baclofen has been suggested as a potential pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder, but the clinical data are conflicting."	2.84	Biobehavioral effects of baclofen in anxious alcohol-dependent individuals: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, laboratory study. ( Amodio, JP; Bollinger, JW; Farinelli, LA; Farokhnia, M; Lee, MR; Leggio, L; Lionetti, TA; Schwandt, ML; Sewell, L; Spero, DE, 2017)
"The National institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) considers alcohol abuse to be more than 14 units of alcohol a week for men and 7 units for women."	2.82	Baclofen to prevent agitation in alcohol-addicted patients in the ICU: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. ( Asehnoune, K; Feuillet, F; Mahe, PJ; Sebille, V; Vourc'h, M, 2016)
"Previous randomised placebo-controlled trials with low-to-medium doses of baclofen (30-60mg) showed inconsistent results, but case studies suggested a dose-response effect and positive outcomes in patients on high doses of baclofen (up to 270mg)."	2.82	Efficacy and safety of high-dose baclofen for the treatment of alcohol dependence: A multicentre, randomised, double-blind controlled trial. ( Bakker, A; Beraha, EM; Bodewits, P; de Jong, D; Defourny, H; Geest, DV; Goudriaan, AE; Salemink, E; Schiphof, T; Smits, N; van den Brink, W; van Tricht, M; Wiers, RW; Zwart, JW, 2016)
"Harmful alcohol use and alcohol use disorders (AUD) result in major health and community burden worldwide, yet treatment options are limited."	2.82	GABA ( Haber, PS; Logge, WB; Morley, KC, 2022)
"Depression was assessed with Montgomery-Ashberg scale."	2.80	[Double blind placebo controlled randomized pilot clinical trial of baclofen (Baclosan®) for alcohol dependence]. ( Alexeeva, YV; Berntsev, VA; Chekhlaty, EI; Kiselev, AS; Krupitsky, EM; Neznanov, NG; Popov, YV; Rybakova, KV; Zubova, EY, 2015)
"Effective treatments for alcohol use disorders in those with significant liver disease are critically lacking."	2.78	The efficacy and biobehavioural basis of baclofen in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease (BacALD): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. ( Baillie, A; Haber, PS; Leung, S; Morley, KC, 2013)
"Baclofen was associated with a significant reduction in state anxiety (F(1,73)= 5."	2.75	Efficacy and safety of baclofen for alcohol dependence: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ( Flannery, BA; Gallop, R; Garbutt, JC; Kalka-Juhl, L; Kampov-Polevoy, AB, 2010)
"Baclofen was reasonably tolerated."	2.71	Baclofen for alcohol dependence: a preliminary open-label study. ( Cody, MW; Crosby, K; Flannery, BA; Garbutt, JC; Grace, K; Morreale, M; Osborne, M; Renn, W; Trivette, A, 2004)
" With the background that individualized, rather than fixed, high dosing with baclofen could be critical for success, a large (n = 320), industry-independent, 62-center French RCT (the Bacloville trial) examined whether individually uptitrated, high-dose baclofen could reduce alcohol consumption in heavy drinkers across a year of treatment."	2.66	Individualized, High-Dose Baclofen for Reduction in Alcohol Intake in Persons With High Levels of Consumption. ( Andrade, C, 2020)
"Baclofen was superior to placebo with significant increases in TTL (8 RCTs, 852 patients; SMD=0."	2.58	Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of low-dose and high-dose baclofen in the treatment of alcohol dependence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Beraha, EM; Morley, K; Pierce, M; Sutterland, A; van den Brink, W, 2018)
"Participants had a diagnosis of alcohol dependence according the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) IV or the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 criteria who were currently drinking."	2.58	Baclofen for alcohol use disorder. ( Minozzi, S; Rösner, S; Saulle, R, 2018)
" For some drugs, attention should be paid to patients with renal failure and medications may be used with caution, adjusting the dosage according to kidney function."	2.58	Alcohol addiction - the safety of available approved treatment options. ( Addolorato, G; Antonelli, M; Ferrulli, A; Gasbarrini, A; Mirijello, A; Mosoni, C; Rando, MM; Sestito, L; Tarli, C; Vassallo, GA, 2018)
"Baclofen is a γ-aminobutyric acid B (GABA-B) agonist which is used increasingly as an off-label treatment."	2.58	Baclofen: its effectiveness in reducing harmful drinking, craving, and negative mood. A meta-analysis. ( Jones, A; Rose, AK, 2018)
"Baclofen is a promising therapeutic in this area."	2.55	Systematic review: Baclofen dosing protocols for alcohol use disorders used in observational studies. ( Owens, L; Pirmohamed, M; Richardson, P; Thompson, A, 2017)
"The development of alcohol dependence is associated with significant morbidity and mortality."	2.55	Review article: pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence - the why, the what and the wherefore. ( Goh, ET; Morgan, MY, 2017)
" However, HDB has been associated with numerous reports of adverse events (AEs)."	2.53	Safety reports on the off-label use of baclofen for alcohol-dependence: recommendations to improve causality assessment. ( Auffret, M; Franchitto, N; Rolland, B, 2016)
"Alcohol use disorders are common, but only a small minority of patients receive adequate treatment."	2.52	Recent Developments in Pharmacotherapy of Alcoholism. ( Lieb, M; Soyka, M, 2015)
"Baclofen has been tested for its capacity to reduce craving for alcohol."	2.49	Baclofen and severe alcohol dependence: an uncertain harm-benefit balance as of early 2013. ( , 2013)
" Questions still remain about optimal dosing and duration."	2.48	Defining the role of baclofen for the treatment of alcohol dependence: a systematic review of the evidence. ( Gagliardi, JP; Muzyk, AJ; Rivelli, SK, 2012)
" Thus, baclofen should benefit from further studies of its biobehavioral mechanisms, dose-response effect, and indications in various alcoholic patient profiles."	2.48	Is baclofen a revolutionary medication in alcohol addiction management? Review and recent updates. ( Aubin, HJ; Benyamina, A; Blecha, L; Gorsane, MA; Hache, G; Kebir, O; Reynaud, M, 2012)
" The outcomes considered were alcohol withdrawal seizures, adverse events and dropouts."	2.47	Efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of the Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome. ( Amato, L; Davoli, M; Minozzi, S, 2011)
" Notably, baclofen has shown a safe profile when administered to alcoholics, including those with liver cirrhosis."	2.46	Safety and efficacy of baclofen in the treatment of alcohol-dependent patients. ( Addolorato, G; Leggio, L, 2010)
"Acamprosate has demonstrated efficacy for treating alcohol dependence in European trials, but with a small effect size."	2.44	Update on neuropharmacological treatments for alcoholism: scientific basis and clinical findings. ( Johnson, BA, 2008)
"Treatment with baclofen also suppressed the number of daily drinks and decreased the obsessive and compulsive components of alcohol craving."	2.42	Role of GABA(B) receptor in alcohol dependence: reducing effect of baclofen on alcohol intake and alcohol motivational properties in rats and amelioration of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and alcohol craving in human alcoholics. ( Addolorato, G; Agabio, R; Carai, MA; Colombo, G; Gessa, GL; Pibiri, F; Serra, S; Vacca, G, 2004)
" The usual side effects such as drowsiness were frequent (22%) but no serious adverse events (AEs) or overt encephalopathy related to baclofen was reported."	1.91	Baclofen Combined With Psychosocial Care is Useful and Safe in Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis Patients: A Real-Life Multicenter Study. ( Alqallaf, S; Barrault, C; Behar, V; Bourcier, V; Cadranel, JF; Costentin, C; Hagege, H; Jung, C; Labarriere, D; Lamote-Chaouche, I; Laugier, J; Le Gruyer, A; Lison, H; Ripault, MP; Thevenot, T, 2023)
"Baclofen has been trialled for AUD in cirrhosis and appears to be effective."	1.72	Acamprosate may be safer than baclofen for the treatment of alcohol use disorder in patients with cirrhosis: a first description of use in real-world clinical practice. ( Cheng, A; Habtemariam, Z; Kelleher, C; Lewis, H; Lovendoski, J; Strathie, K; Tyson, LD, 2022)
"R(+)-Baclofen was more effective than RS(±)-Baclofen in reducing ethanol intake and seeking during acute withdrawal and during relapse after abstinence."	1.62	Is R(+)-Baclofen the best option for the future of Baclofen in alcohol dependence pharmacotherapy? Insights from the preclinical side. ( Bloch, V; Echeverry-Alzate, V; Jeanblanc, J; Labat, L; Naassila, M; Sauton, P; Soichot, M; Vorspan, F, 2021)
"Medical management of alcohol use disorders."	1.51	[Medical management of alcohol use disorders]. ( Paille, F, 2019)
"Baclofen exposure was significantly associated with hospitalisation (hazard ratio [HR] = 1."	1.48	Risk of hospitalisation and death related to baclofen for alcohol use disorders: Comparison with nalmefene, acamprosate, and naltrexone in a cohort study of 165 334 patients between 2009 and 2015 in France. ( Chaignot, C; Coste, J; Dray-Spira, R; Rey, G; Weill, A; Zureik, M, 2018)
"Diazepam 20 mg was used up to three times per day, but didn't seem to improve or reduce the anxiety, agitation, visual or auditory hallucinations."	1.48	Delirium tremens in an AUD patient after an intrathecal baclofen pump induced total alcohol abstinence. ( Calvo, ME; Gunnarsson, T; Hao, M; Smith, L, 2018)
"Baclofen has been shown to reduce alcohol consumption in alcohol-dependent individuals, but there is marked heterogeneity in response."	1.48	Moderation of baclofen response by a GABA ( Baillie, A; Dore, G; Fraser, I; Haber, PS; Luquin, N; Morley, KC; Phung, N; Trent, RJ, 2018)
"Baclofen has been associated with diverse adverse events (AEs), but the causality of these AEs has never been properly assessed."	1.46	Phone-based safety monitoring of the first year of baclofen treatment for alcohol use disorder: the BACLOPHONE cohort study protocol. ( Auffret, M; Baguet, A; Bordet, R; Cabe, N; Carton, L; Cottencin, O; Deheul, S; Dervaux, A; Dib, M; Drelon, M; Duhamel, A; Gautier, S; Grit, I; Guillin, O; Jardri, R; Kemkem, A; Labreuche, J; Lapeyre-Mestre, M; Masquelier, C; Rolland, B; Vabret, F, 2017)
"Off-label prescribing (OLP) may raise serious safety concerns that traditional spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) may not identify in a timely manner."	1.46	Proactive Regional Pharmacovigilance System Versus National Spontaneous Reporting for Collecting Safety Data on Concerning Off-Label Prescribing Practices: An Example with Baclofen and Alcohol Dependence in France. ( Auffret, M; Bordet, R; Cottencin, O; Deheul, S; Duhamel, A; Gautier, S; Labreuche, J; Rolland, B, 2017)
"Non-baclofen cases had lower rate of endotracheal intubation (n = 1833, 6%, P < 0."	1.46	Baclofen Self-Poisoning in the Era of Changing Indication: Multicentric Reports to a French Poison Control Centre. ( Boels, D; Brunet, M; Le Roux, G; Léger, M; Lerolle, N, 2017)
" Further randomized studies alongside investigation of dosing strategies are required."	1.46	A prospective cohort study examining the effectiveness of baclofen in the maintenance of abstinence in alcohol use disorder patients attending a joint liver and alcohol treatment clinic. ( Gilmore, I; Owens, L; Pirmohamed, M; Richardson, P; Rose, A; Thompson, A, 2017)
" At a mean dosage of 40 mg/day (extremes: 30-210), the median daily alcohol consumption reduced from 80 to 0 g/day (P<0."	1.46	One year of baclofen in 100 patients with or without cirrhosis: a French real-life experience. ( Barrault, C; Béhar, V; Cadranel, JF; Costentin, C; Garioud, A; Hagège, H; Lison, H; Medmoun, M; Pulwermacher, G; Roudot-Thoraval, F, 2017)
"Two hundred two patients with alcohol dependence, who received baclofen treatment for drinking reduction, were followed up for 1 year."	1.46	The dose-effect relationship of baclofen in alcohol dependence: A 1-year cohort study. ( Auffret, M; Bordet, R; Cottencin, O; Deheul, S; Duhamel, A; Gautier, S; Labreuche, J; Pignon, B; Rolland, B; Simioni, N, 2017)
"Baclofen is a new and promising pharmacological compound for the treatment of alcohol dependence (AD)."	1.46	Speaking fluently with baclofen? ( Beraha, E; Bodewits, P; van den Brink, W; Wiers, R, 2017)
"A 23-year-old man with a history of alcohol dependence was admitted to our hospital after self-intoxication with 2700 mg baclofen and 330 mg mirtazapine."	1.43	[Aggression and restlessness following baclofen overdose: the narrow line between intoxication and withdrawal symptoms]. ( de Witte, LD; Dekker, D; Kaasjager, K; Kromkamp, M; Veraart, J; Vinkers, CH, 2016)
"We describe severe central sleep apnea (CSA) in four patients with none of the conditions commonly associated with CSA who were receiving chronic baclofen therapy for alcohol withdrawal."	1.43	Severe Central Sleep Apnea Associated With Chronic Baclofen Therapy: A Case Series. ( d'Ortho, MP; Gagnadoux, F; Gentina, T; Joyeux-Faure, M; Launois, SH; Olivier, PY; Pépin, JL, 2016)
"The treatment of alcohol dependence (AD) is a complex activity as the variables are numerous; however, those which must necessarily be taken into account are the type of AD, the internal comorbidities and the presence of any psychiatric comorbidity."	1.43	Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Alcoholics: The Role of Anticraving Therapy. ( Borro, P; Leone, S; Testino, G, 2016)
"Baclofen seekers were more likely to be retained in treatment at 6 months (OR = 3."	1.43	Characteristics of Patients with Alcohol Dependence Seeking Baclofen Treatment in France: A Two-Centre Comparative Cohort Study. ( Bence, C; Cottencin, O; Deken, V; Preda, C; Rolland, B; Simioni, N, 2016)
"Baclofen has been shown to produce enantioselective effects in behavioral assays, including those modeling reflexive and sexual behavior."	1.42	Bidirectional enantioselective effects of the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen in two mouse models of excessive ethanol consumption. ( Blasingame, SN; Boehm, SL; Kasten, CR, 2015)
" The mean dosage of baclofen at the onset of the first adverse effect was 83 ± 57 mg/day."	1.42	Tolerability of High-dose Baclofen in the Treatment of Patients with Alcohol Disorders: A Retrospective Study. ( Alexandre-Dubroeucq, C; Jaury, P; Le Jeunne, C; Legay Hoang, L; Pinot, J; Rigal, L, 2015)
"Baclofen treatment decreased craving in all patients."	1.42	Anticraving Effect of Baclofen in Alcohol-Dependent Patients. ( Alvarez, JC; Imbert, B; Simon, N, 2015)
" The lack of proper recommendations regarding the dosage has important implications for safety in clinical management."	1.42	High doses of Baclofen as suicide attempt in patients with alcohol use disorders - A serious concern. ( Baby, S; Chand, P; Gowda, GS; Holla, B; Murthy, P; Prabhu, L; Viswanath, B, 2015)
" HDB induces frequent neuropsychiatric adverse events (AEs)."	1.42	Safety and drinking outcomes among patients with comorbid alcohol dependence and borderline personality disorder treated with high-dose baclofen: a comparative cohort study. ( Auffret, M; Bordet, R; Cottencin, O; Danel, T; Deheul, S; Gautier, S; Langlois, C; Rolland, B; Valin, T, 2015)
"Baclofen was suggested as a possible cause of the CSAS, and after its withdrawal, a second polysomnography was done, showing the disappearance of the central apneas and a shift to severe obstructive SAS (AHI 43."	1.42	Baclofen-Associated Onset of Central Sleep Apnea in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Case Report. ( Besson, M; Cervena, K; Claudel, E; Espa, F; Janssens, JP; Lador, F; Mégevand, P; Pépin, JL; Perogamvros, L; Thorens, G, 2015)
"We report the case of a woman with both alcohol use disorder and bulimia nervosa."	1.42	Efficacy of High-Dose Baclofen for Alcohol Use Disorder and Comorbid Bulimia: A Case Report. ( Bertschy, G; Lalanne, L; Riegert, M; Weibel, S, 2015)
"Baclofen has been increasingly used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS)."	1.40	Increase of baclofen intoxications: risks involved and management. ( Arbouw, ME; Hoge, HL; Jansman, FG; Meulenbelt, J, 2014)
"In the alcohol dependence group, median duration of baclofen treatment was 143."	1.40	Baclofen for alcohol dependence in France: incidence of treated patients and prescription patterns--a cohort study. ( Dupouy, J; Fournier, JP; Jouanjus, É; Lapeyre-Mestre, M; Oustric, S; Palmaro, A; Poutrain, JC, 2014)
"Baclofen is a γ-aminobutyric acid B (GABA-B) receptor agonist that is approved for spasticity."	1.40	Assessing alcohol versus baclofen withdrawal syndrome in patients treated with baclofen for alcohol use disorder. ( Bence, C; Bordet, R; Carton, L; Cottencin, O; Deheul, S; Jaillette, E; Rolland, B; Saulnier, F, 2014)
"Baclofen is a GABA-B receptor agonist used in the treatment of spasticity."	1.40	High variability in the exposure of baclofen in alcohol-dependent patients. ( Alvarez, JC; Grassin-Delyle, S; Imbert, B; Jaquet, I; Lançon, C; Marsot, A; Simon, N, 2014)
"Starting from 2002, an Alcohol Addiction Unit (AAU) was formed within the liver transplant center for the management of alcoholic patients affected by end-stage liver disease and included in the waiting list for transplantation."	1.39	Liver transplantation in alcoholic patients: impact of an alcohol addiction unit within a liver transplant center. ( Addolorato, G; Agnes, S; Cossari, A; D'Angelo, C; Ferrulli, A; Gasbarrini, A; Gasbarrini, G; Landolfi, R; Leggio, L; Mirijello, A; Vassallo, G, 2013)
"Alcohol dependence is associated with a wide array of physical and psychiatric complications and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide."	1.38	High-dose baclofen for treatment-resistant alcohol dependence. ( Currie, J; Jones, DM; Pastor, A, 2012)
"Baclofen is a safe and well-tolerated novel drug treatment for alcohol dependence."	1.38	Baclofen for the treatment of alcohol dependence. ( Howland, RH, 2012)
"Baclofen is a gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) derivative that is a specific agonist at GABA-B receptors."	1.37	Baclofen-induced morbiliform rashes: a case series. ( Benegal, V; Jayaram, N; Manjunatha, N; Saddichha, S, 2011)
"Baclofen has been studied for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal, but current research is limited."	1.34	Baclofen as prophylaxis and treatment for alcohol withdrawal: a retrospective chart review. ( Schrader, S; Stallings, W, 2007)
"Current pharmacotherapies for alcohol dependence in humans (e."	1.32	Rats on the grog: novel pharmacotherapies for alcohol craving. ( Gallate, JE; McGregor, IS, 2004)
"Baclofen was orally administered for 4 weeks, at a dose of 15 mg/day refracted in three times per day for the first 3 days, with the dose increased to 30 mg/day for the remaining 27 days."	1.31	Ability of baclofen in reducing alcohol craving and intake: II--Preliminary clinical evidence. ( Addolorato, G; Capristo, E; Caputo, F; Colombo, G; Gasbarrini, G; Gessa, GL, 2000)
"Baclofen was largely ineffective in reducing withdrawal-induced tremors, although it was capable of producing sedation of a different type than that produced by phenobarbitol and ethanol."	1.26	The effects of ethanol, phenobarbital, and baclofen on ethanol withdrawal in the rhesus monkey. ( Tarika, JS; Winger, G, 1980)

Research

Studies (217)

Authors

Clinical Trials (16)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Total Amount of Alcohol Consumed During the Alcohol Self Administration (ASA) Session

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	1 (0.46)	18.7374
1990's	4 (1.84)	18.2507
2000's	33 (15.21)	29.6817
2010's	141 (64.98)	24.3611
2020's	38 (17.51)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Burnette, EM	1
Nieto, SJ	1
Grodin, EN	1
Meredith, LR	1
Hurley, B	1
Miotto, K	1
Gillis, AJ	1
Ray, LA	1
Bach, P	1
Tyson, LD	2
Cheng, A	1
Kelleher, C	1
Strathie, K	1
Lovendoski, J	1
Habtemariam, Z	1
Lewis, H	2
Giri, S	1
Sundaram, S	1
Vannier, AGL	1
Shay, JES	1
Fomin, V	1
Patel, SJ	1
Schaefer, E	1
Goodman, RP	1
Luther, J	1
Bauer, MR	1
Hernández, M	1
Kasten, CR	2
Boehm, SL	3
Logge, W	2
Baillie, A	7
Haber, P	1
Towers, E	2
Riordan, BC	1
Morley, K	3
Barrault, C	4
Alqallaf, S	2
Lison, H	4
Lamote-Chaouche, I	2
Bourcier, V	2
Laugier, J	2
Thevenot, T	2
Labarriere, D	2
Ripault, MP	2
Le Gruyer, A	2
Costentin, C	3
Behar, V	3
Hagege, H	3
Jung, C	2
Cadranel, JF	4
Pelz, P	3
Genauck, A	1
Lorenz, RC	2
Wüstenberg, T	2
Wackerhagen, C	1
Charlet, K	2
Gleich, T	1
Geisel, O	6
Heinz, A	4
Müller, CA	8
Beck, A	3
Agabio, R	8
Saulle, R	2
Rösner, S	2
Minozzi, S	3
Ross, H	1
Harries, B	1
Szelest, I	1
Engelbrecht, R	1
Umhau, JC	1
Price, ST	1
Brown, B	1
Hurzeler, T	1
Arunogiri, S	1
Haber, PS	12
Duan, F	1
Zhai, H	1
Liu, C	1
Chang, C	1
Song, S	1
Li, J	1
Cheng, J	1
Yang, S	1
Crunelle, CL	1
Jegham, S	1
Vanderbruggen, N	1
Matthys, F	1
Neven, A	1
Dumont, GJH	1
Liu, J	1
Wang, LN	1
Braillon, A	7
Naudet, F	7
Cristea, IA	1
Lexchin, J	1
Rolland, B	22
Simon, N	5
Franchitto, N	6
Aubin, HJ	5
Garbutt, JC	8
Daeppen, JB	1
van den Brink, W	6
Logge, WB	4
Baillie, AJ	3
Morley, KC	10
Echeverry-Alzate, V	1
Jeanblanc, J	1
Sauton, P	1
Bloch, V	2
Labat, L	1
Soichot, M	1
Vorspan, F	2
Naassila, M	1
Reynoard, J	1
Schmitt, C	1
Torrents, R	1
Paille, F	5
Kent, CN	1
Park, C	1
Lindsley, CW	1
Andrade, C	1
Holtyn, AF	2
Weerts, EM	2
Baldwin, DS	1
Amaro, H	1
Leggio, L	21
Sinclair, JMA	1
Marti-Prats, L	1
Belin-Rauscent, A	1
Fouyssac, M	1
Puaud, M	1
Cocker, PJ	1
Everitt, BJ	1
Belin, D	1
Augier, E	1
Reade, MC	1
Vourc'h, M	2
Garret, C	1
Gacouin, A	1
Lacherade, JC	1
Jonas, M	1
Klouche, K	1
Ferrandiere, M	1
Jaber, S	1
Flet, L	1
Dailly, E	1
Pouplet, C	1
Maamar, A	1
Reignier, J	1
Roquilly, A	1
Feuillet, F	2
Mahe, PJ	2
Asehnoune, K	2
Kampov-Polevoy, AB	2
Pedersen, C	1
Stansbury, M	1
Jordan, R	1
Willing, L	1
Gallop, RJ	1
Litten, RZ	1
Boels, D	3
Victorri-Vigneau, C	2
Grall-Bronnec, M	2
Touré, A	2
Garnier, A	1
Turcant, A	1
Le Roux, G	3
Farokhnia, M	3
Schwandt, ML	1
Lee, MR	3
Bollinger, JW	1
Farinelli, LA	2
Amodio, JP	1
Sewell, L	1
Lionetti, TA	1
Spero, DE	1
Beraha, E	1
Bodewits, P	2
Wiers, R	1
Pignon, B	2
Labreuche, J	6
Auffret, M	12
Gautier, S	11
Deheul, S	12
Simioni, N	2
Cottencin, O	15
Bordet, R	15
Duhamel, A	5
Reynaud, M	2
Trinquet, F	1
Zakine, B	1
Dano, C	1
Dematteis, M	1
Trojak, B	1
Detilleux, M	1
Beraha, EM	5
Salemink, E	3
Goudriaan, AE	2
Wiers, RW	3
Nau, JY	9
Pelissier, F	4
de Haro, L	3
Roudot-Thoraval, F	1
Garioud, A	2
Medmoun, M	2
Pulwermacher, G	2
Kaminski, BJ	1
Owens, L	3
Thompson, A	3
Rose, A	1
Gilmore, I	1
Pirmohamed, M	2
Richardson, P	2
Palpacuer, C	1
Duprez, R	1
Huneau, A	1
Locher, C	1
Boussageon, R	1
Laviolle, B	1
Larabi, IA	1
Fabresse, N	1
Knapp, A	1
Forcet, M	1
Baud, FJ	1
Lorin de la Grandmaison, G	1
Alvarez, JC	3
Léger, M	1
Brunet, M	2
Lerolle, N	1
Antonelli, M	1
Ferrulli, A	8
Sestito, L	1
Vassallo, GA	1
Tarli, C	1
Mosoni, C	1
Rando, MM	1
Mirijello, A	4
Gasbarrini, A	2
Addolorato, G	19
Caous, AS	2
Gaboriau, L	1
Hamel, JF	1
Martinez, L	1
Declèves, X	1
Azuar, J	1
Fortias, M	1
Questel, F	1
Dereux, A	1
Grichy, L	1
Barreteau, H	1
Bellivier, F	1
Lépine, JP	1
Donoghue, K	1
Revol, B	1
Jullian-Desayes, I	1
Bailly, S	1
Mallaret, M	1
Tamisier, R	1
Agier, MS	1
Lador, F	2
Joyeux-Faure, M	2
Pépin, JL	3
Schlemm, L	1
Hellweg, R	4
Wiedemann, K	2
Rose, AK	1
Jones, A	1
Costa, M	1
Carrieri, P	1
Bianchi, PC	1
Carneiro de Oliveira, PE	1
Palombo, P	1
Leão, RM	1
Cogo-Moreira, H	1
Planeta, CDS	1
Cruz, FC	1
Vengeliene, V	1
Takahashi, TT	1
Dravolina, OA	1
Belozertseva, I	1
Zvartau, E	1
Bespalov, AY	1
Spanagel, R	1
Sheskier, MB	1
Le, AN	1
Singley, E	1
Bouhlal, S	1
Ton, T	1
Zhao, Z	1
Fraser, I	2
Furneaux-Bate, A	1
Dore, G	2
Roberts, M	1
Abdalla, A	1
Phung, N	2
Pakri Mohamed, RM	1
Kumar, J	1
Ahmad, SU	1
Mohamed, IN	1
Krediet, E	1
Pierce, M	1
Sutterland, A	1
Luquin, N	1
Trent, RJ	1
Calvo, ME	1
Gunnarsson, T	1
Smith, L	1
Hao, M	1
Chaignot, C	1
Zureik, M	1
Rey, G	1
Dray-Spira, R	1
Coste, J	1
Weill, A	1
Deschaine, SL	1
Sadighi, A	1
Akhlaghi, F	1
Sinclair, JM	2
Caputo, F	6
Chick, JD	1
de La Selle, P	1
Heydtmann, M	2
Jaury, P	2
Lingford-Hughes, AR	1
Pastor, A	3
Paterson, LM	1
Stafford, A	1
de Beaurepaire, R	1
Wernecke, KD	2
Morris, RW	1
Castrén, S	1
Mäkelä, N	1
Alho, H	1
Rombouts, SA	1
Béhal, H	1
Jouanjus, E	2
Lloyd-Jones, M	1
Currie, J	2
D'Angelo, C	3
Vassallo, G	1
Cossari, A	1
Gasbarrini, G	8
Landolfi, R	1
Agnes, S	1
Leung, S	2
Marsot, A	1
Imbert, B	2
Grassin-Delyle, S	1
Jaquet, I	1
Lançon, C	1
Pommier, P	1
Debaty, G	1
Bartoli, M	1
Viglino, D	1
Carpentier, F	1
Danel, V	1
Maxime, M	1
Dupouy, J	1
Fournier, JP	1
Palmaro, A	1
Poutrain, JC	1
Oustric, S	1
Lapeyre-Mestre, M	2
Jaillette, E	1
Carton, L	2
Bence, C	2
Saulnier, F	1
Lecomte, L	1
Loche, V	1
Hennaux, C	1
Fleury, B	1
Benyamina, A	2
Zywiak, WH	2
Edwards, SM	1
Tidey, JW	1
Swift, RM	6
Kenna, GA	6
Smadja, J	1
Paradis, M	1
Pape, E	1
Roman, E	1
Scala-Bertola, J	1
Thivilier, C	1
Javot, L	1
Saint-Marcoux, F	1
Jouzeau, JY	1
Gambier, N	1
Valin, T	2
Langlois, C	1
Danel, T	1
Arbouw, ME	1
Hoge, HL	1
Meulenbelt, J	1
Jansman, FG	1
Blasingame, SN	1
Ponizovsky, AM	1
Rosca, P	1
Aronovich, E	1
Weizman, A	1
Grinshpoon, A	1
Béné, J	1
Soyka, M	1
Lieb, M	1
Besson, J	1
Khazaal, Y	1
Tomei, A	1
Grivel, J	1
Zullino, D	1
Borro, P	1
Leone, S	1
Testino, G	1
Rigal, L	1
Legay Hoang, L	1
Alexandre-Dubroeucq, C	1
Pinot, J	1
Le Jeunne, C	1
Higl, V	1
Krüger, J	1
Stickel, A	1
Holla, B	1
Gowda, GS	1
Prabhu, L	1
Baby, S	1
Viswanath, B	1
Chand, P	1
Murthy, P	1
Krupitsky, EM	2
Rybakova, KV	1
Kiselev, AS	1
Alexeeva, YV	1
Berntsev, VA	1
Chekhlaty, EI	1
Zubova, EY	1
Popov, YV	1
Neznanov, NG	1
Perogamvros, L	1
Thorens, G	1
Mégevand, P	1
Claudel, E	1
Espa, F	1
Besson, M	1
Cervena, K	1
Janssens, JP	1
Weibel, S	1
Lalanne, L	1
Riegert, M	1
Bertschy, G	1
Preda, C	1
Deken, V	1
Olivier, PY	1
Gentina, T	1
Launois, SH	1
d'Ortho, MP	1
Gagnadoux, F	1
Journiac, K	1
Pascuttini, F	1
Touzeau, D	1
Rivollier, F	1
Masson, M	1
Bole, R	1
Indla, V	1
Awachar, R	1
Reddy, IR	1
de Witte, LD	1
Dekker, D	1
Veraart, J	1
Kromkamp, M	1
Kaasjager, K	1
Vinkers, CH	1
Sebille, V	1
Gupta, M	1
Verma, P	1
Rastogi, R	1
Arora, S	1
Elwadhi, D	1
Bakker, A	1
de Jong, D	1
Smits, N	1
Zwart, JW	1
Geest, DV	1
Schiphof, T	1
Defourny, H	1
van Tricht, M	1
Dib, M	1
Kemkem, A	1
Grit, I	1
Drelon, M	1
Cabe, N	1
Vabret, F	1
Guillin, O	1
Baguet, A	1
Masquelier, C	1
Dervaux, A	1
Jardri, R	1
Azevedo, CA	1
Mammis, A	1
Cardona, F	1
Picot, C	1
Puskarczyk, E	1
Sapori, JM	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Baclofen to Prevent Agitation in Alcohol Addicted Patients in ICU: Study Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Against Placebo Trial[NCT02723383]	Phase 3	314 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-27	Completed
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Human Laboratory Pilot Study of Baclofen in Anxious Alcoholics[NCT01751386]	Phase 2	39 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-12-03	Completed
Exploring the Efficacy and Biobehavioural Basis of Baclofen in the Treatment of Alcoholic Liver Disease[NCT01711125]	Phase 3	104 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-03-31	Completed
Modification of Pavlovian and Instrumental Learning in Human Addiction[NCT04032587]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-10-01	Recruiting
Baclofen for the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence - BACLAD[NCT01266655]	Phase 2/Phase 3	56 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-02-28	Completed
A Pilot Study on the Biobehavioral Mechanisms of Baclofen and Alcohol Drinking[NCT01076283]	Phase 2	14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-12-31	Completed
Effects of Ghrelin on Alcohol Cue Reactivity and Craving[NCT01190085]		45 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-04-30	Completed
A Novel Compound for Alcoholism Treatment: A Translational Strategy[NCT02039349]	Phase 1	14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-01-03	Completed
Effects of Ghrelin on Alcohol Administration in Non-Treatment Seeking Heavy Drinkers[NCT01779024]	Phase 2	17 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-12-13	Completed
Prospective Assessment of Valproate on Ethanol Withdrawal[NCT03235531]	Phase 4	210 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-07-11	Recruiting
Effects of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor 1 (CRH1) Antagonism on Stress-Induced Craving in Alcoholic Women With High Anxiety: an Experimental Medicine Study[NCT01187511]	Phase 2	44 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-01-31	Completed
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor 1 (CRH1) Antagonism in Anxious Alcoholics[NCT01227980]	Phase 2	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-10-31	Completed
Modulation of Pharmacologically Induced Alcohol Craving in Recently Detoxified Alcoholics[NCT00605904]	Phase 2	37 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-01-31	Completed
Maintaining Alcohol Abstinence in Alcoholic Patients With Liver Cirrhosis: Efficacy and Safety of Baclofen Administration in a Randomized Double Blind Controlled Study[NCT00525252]	Phase 1/Phase 2	86 participants	Interventional	2003-02-28	Completed
Spironolactone in Alcohol Use Disorder (SAUD): A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Ascending Dose, Phase 1b Study[NCT05807139]	Phase 1	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-03	Recruiting
Treating Alcohol Withdrawal With Oral Baclofen: a Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial[NCT00597701]		79 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-04-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Amount of alcohol was measured as the number of mini-drinks each participant decided to drink (0-8 mini-drinks). The alcohol content of each mini-drink was calculated based on the participants' total body water, and was designed to raise the blood alcohol concentration by 0.015 g/dL. (NCT01751386)
Timeframe: 2 hours

Alcohol Drinking

Intervention	mini-drinks (Mean)
Baclofen	4.11
Placebo	4.5

"Whether baclofen, as compared to active placebo, results in lower quantity of alcohol consumed during the Alcohol Self-Administration (ASA).~Consistent with O'Malley et al. 2002, the ASA paradigm allows to use a fixed-dose (the priming drink), followed by a 2-hour free-choice phase when subjects may choose to drink or not up to 8 mini-drinks. Participants receive a monetary compensation of $3 dollars per each mini-drink not consumed; therefore the amount of minidrinks consumed during the 2-hour sessions ranges 0-8, and the monetary compensation ranges $0-24. The quantity of alcohol consumed during the free-choice session is expressed as standard drinking unit, where a standard drink unit contains about 14 grams of pure alcohol (about 0.6 fluid ounces or 1.2 tablespoons)." (NCT01076283)
Timeframe: approximately 8 days after drug administration

Alcohol Urge

Intervention	standard drinking units (Mean)
Baclofen	0.17
Cyproheptadine	1.43

"Whether baclofen, as compared to active placebo, results in diminished cue-reactivity responses to alcohol cues in terms of urge to drink [as measured by the Alcohol Urge Questionnaire (AUQ)] during the Cue Reactivity.~The Alcohol Urge Questionnaire (AUQ) consists of eight statements about the respondent's feelings and thoughts about drinking as they are completing the questionnaire (i.e., right now). The respondent is asked to respond to each statement about alcohol craving via a 7-item Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Each item is scored on a 1 to 7 scale (Strongly Disagree = 1 and Strongly Agree = 7). Items 2 and 7 are reverse scored. A total score is computed by summing the item scores and ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). Higher scores reflect greater craving (i.e. worse outcome)." (NCT01076283)
Timeframe: approximately 8 days after drug administration

Alcohol Visual Analogue Scale (A-VAS)

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Baclofen	22.5
Cyproheptadine	19.4

"Whether ghrelin intravenous (i.v.), as compared to saline i.v., dose-dependently results in increased cue-reactivity (CR) responses to alcohol cues in terms of urge to drink [as measured by the Alcohol Visual Analogue Scale (A-VAS)].~The A-VAS was rated on 11-point anchored Likert-type scales, where 0 is the minimum score (no craving) and 11 is the maximum score (highest craving intensity). The change in the A-VAS score (deltaA-VAS) was used to indicate decrease (-d) or increase (+d) in craving intensity." (NCT01190085)
Timeframe: approximately 30 minutes after drug administration

Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) as a Measure of Safety and Tolerability.

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Ghrelin (1 Microg/kg)	1.95
Ghrelin (3 Microg/kg)	2.66
Saline Solution	4.29

Whether ghrelin intravenous (i.v.), as compared to saline i.v., does not significantly increase Adverse Events (AEs). (NCT01190085)
Timeframe: participants will be followed after the cue-reactivity experiment, an expected average of 7 days

Salivation

Intervention	participants (Number)
Ghrelin (1 Microg/kg)	11
Ghrelin (3 Microg/kg)	12
Saline Solution	15

Whether ghrelin intravenous (i.v.), as compared to saline i.v., dose-dependently results in increased cue-reactivity (CR) responses to alcohol cues in terms of psychophysiological responses, namely salivation changes. (NCT01190085)
Timeframe: approximately 30 minutes after drug administration

Alcohol Infusions Self-administered

Intervention	gram (Mean)
Ghrelin (1 Microg/kg)	1.8
Ghrelin (3 Microg/kg)	1.9
Saline Solution	3.2

The total number of alcohol infusions self-administered. (NCT01779024)
Timeframe: 120 minutes after the start of the infusion

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Alcohol Cue Script

Intervention	Number of alcohol infusions (Mean)
Ghrelin	10.45
Placebo	8.80

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01187511)
Timeframe: 15 minutes after the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 25, 26, or 27 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Alcohol Cue Script

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	11.6932
Placebo	14.6126

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01187511)
Timeframe: 15 minutes prior to the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 25, 26, or 27 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Alcohol Cue Script

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	8.7646
Placebo	10.413

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01187511)
Timeframe: 30 minutes after the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 25, 26, or 27 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Alcohol Cue Script

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	11.4075
Placebo	13.0412

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01187511)
Timeframe: 45 minutes after the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 25, 26, or 27 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Alcohol Cue Script

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	9.6218
Placebo	12.1841

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01187511)
Timeframe: 5 minutes after the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 25, 26, or 27 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Alcohol Cue Script

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	13.9789
Placebo	15.946

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01187511)
Timeframe: 60 minutes after the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 25, 26, or 27 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Alcohol Cue Script

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	9.9075
Placebo	12.1841

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01187511)
Timeframe: 75 minutes after the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 25, 26, or 27 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Alcohol Cue Script

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	9.6218
Placebo	11.6603

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01187511)
Timeframe: 90 minutes after the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 25, 26, or 27 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Stress Script

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	8.9075
Placebo	13.1841

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	12.1376
Placebo	13.1086

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01187511)
Timeframe: 15 minutes prior to the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 25, 26, or 27 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Stress Script

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	9.7805
Placebo	10.6194

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01187511)
Timeframe: 30 minutes after the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 25, 26, or 27 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Stress Script

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	11.7091
Placebo	13.1432

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01187511)
Timeframe: 45 minutes after the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 25, 26, or 27 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Stress Script

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	11.3519
Placebo	12.1432

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01187511)
Timeframe: 5 minutes after the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 25, 26, or 27 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Stress Script

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	14.1376
Placebo	16.9051

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01187511)
Timeframe: 60 minutes after the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 25, 26, or 27 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Stress Script

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	11.2805
Placebo	12.0956

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01187511)
Timeframe: 75 minutes after the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 25, 26, or 27 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Stress Script

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	12.2091
Placebo	10.3813

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01187511)
Timeframe: 90 minutes after the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 25, 26, or 27 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Trier/Cue-reactivity Procedure

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	13.1376
Placebo	10.0004

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01187511)
Timeframe: 100 minutes after the beginning of the Trier/cue-reactivity procedure, which occurred on Day 21 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Trier/Cue-reactivity Procedure

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	12.977
Placebo	12.0475

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01187511)
Timeframe: 15 minutes prior to the beginning of the Trier/cue-reactivity procedure, which occurred on Day 21 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Trier/Cue-reactivity Procedure

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	15.1645
Placebo	12.0116

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01187511)
Timeframe: 20 minutes after the beginning of the Trier/cue-reactivity procedure, which occurred on Day 21 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Trier/Cue-reactivity Procedure

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	18.4145
Placebo	15.2497

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01187511)
Timeframe: 40 minutes after the beginning of the Trier/cue-reactivity procedure, which occurred on Day 21 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Trier/Cue-reactivity Procedure

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	20.352
Placebo	18.0116

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01187511)
Timeframe: 70 minutes after the beginning of the Trier/cue-reactivity procedure, which occurred on Day 21 of the treatment period

Anxiety Symptom Ratings Measured Bi-weekly During the Treatment Period

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	13.7895
Placebo	13.0592

Anxiety symptoms were measured using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS). The CPRS is an 18-item interview-based instrument for assessing depression and anxiety. There are two 10-item subscales, the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Brief Scale for Anxiety (BSA). Each subscale ranges from 0 (lowest symptom severity) to 60 (highest symptom severity). (NCT01187511)
Timeframe: Day 1 of the treatment period

Anxiety Symptom Ratings Measured Bi-weekly During the Treatment Period

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	7.8582
Placebo	8.7076

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	6.4777
Placebo	7.041

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	6.5443
Placebo	6.6122

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	6.011
Placebo	5.4219

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	6.611
Placebo	5.7835

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	5.3112
Placebo	5.1362

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	7.2231
Placebo	4.5648

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	5.2365
Placebo	4.2791

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	6.6777
Placebo	5.9457

Depression Symptom Ratings Measured Bi-weekly During the Treatment Period

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	6.6078
Placebo	6.66

Depression symptoms were measured using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS). The CPRS is an 18-item interview-based instrument for assessing depression and anxiety. There are two 10-item subscales, the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Brief Scale for Anxiety (BSA). Each subscale ranges from 0 (lowest symptom severity) to 60 (highest symptom severity). (NCT01187511)
Timeframe: Day 1 of the treatment period

Depression Symptom Ratings Measured Bi-weekly During the Treatment Period

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	10.002
Placebo	8.7759

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	6.3187
Placebo	6.2997

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	7.6521
Placebo	8.0633

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	8.0521
Placebo	6.5855

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	7.0521
Placebo	5.9353

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	4.8092
Placebo	4.9188

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	7.149
Placebo	4.2997

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
GSK561679	4.8071
Placebo	4.2045

Spontaneous Alcohol Craving Measured Bi-weekly During the Treatment Period

Alcohol craving was measured using the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS). The PACS is a five-item self-administered instrument for assessing alcohol craving over the course of the past week. The score ranges from 0 (lowest craving value) to 30 (highest craving value). (NCT01187511)
Timeframe: Day 1 of the treatment period

Spontaneous Alcohol Craving Measured Bi-weekly During the Treatment Period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Alcohol Cue Script

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01227980)
Timeframe: 15 minutes after the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 24, 25, or 26 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Alcohol Cue Script

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01227980)
Timeframe: 15 minutes prior to the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 24, 25, or 26 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Alcohol Cue Script

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01227980)
Timeframe: 30 minutes after the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 24, 25, or 26 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Alcohol Cue Script

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01227980)
Timeframe: 45 minutes after the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 24, 25, or 26 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Alcohol Cue Script

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01227980)
Timeframe: 5 minutes after the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 24, 25, or 26 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Alcohol Cue Script

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01227980)
Timeframe: 60 minutes after the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 24, 25, or 26 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Alcohol Cue Script

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01227980)
Timeframe: 75 minutes after the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 24, 25, or 26 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Alcohol Cue Script

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01227980)
Timeframe: 90 minutes after the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 24, 25, or 26 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Stress Script

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01227980)
Timeframe: 15 minutes after the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 24, 25, or 26 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Stress Script

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01227980)
Timeframe: 15 minutes prior to the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 24, 25, or 26 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Stress Script

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01227980)
Timeframe: 30 minutes after the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 24, 25, or 26 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Stress Script

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01227980)
Timeframe: 45 minutes after the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 24, 25, or 26 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Stress Script

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01227980)
Timeframe: 5 minutes after the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 24, 25, or 26 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Stress Script

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01227980)
Timeframe: 60 minutes after the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 24, 25, or 26 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Stress Script

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01227980)
Timeframe: 75 minutes after the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 24, 25, or 26 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving in Response to the Stress Script

Alcohol craving was measured using the Alcohol Urges Questionnaire (AUQ). The AUQ is an 8-item self-administered instrument that assesses craving for alcohol among alcohol users in the current context (i.e., right now). The score ranges from 8 (lowest craving value) to 56 (highest craving value). (NCT01227980)
Timeframe: 90 minutes after the beginning of script presentation, which occurred on Day 24, 25, or 26 of the treatment period

Alcohol Craving Rating in Response to Meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine

Alcohol craving was measured using the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS). It is a 5-item self-administered instrument that measures frequency, intensity, and duration of thoughts about drinking, along with ability to resist drinking. There is a single outcome score than ranges from 0 to 30, with 30 being the maximum amount of alcohol craving. (NCT00605904)
Timeframe: 180 minutes after the start of the infusion

Alcohol Craving Rating in Response to Saline Infusion

Alcohol Craving Rating in Response to Yohimbine Infusion

Benzodiazepine Doses Used to Treat Acutely-withdrawing Alcoholic Patients in the Baclofen-treated and Placebo-treated Groups

In acutely-withdrawing alcoholic patients treated with either baclofen or placebo, symptom-driven benzodiazepine doses were assessed for the 72 hours following the first Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment (CIWA) score of 11 or greater. (NCT00597701)
Timeframe: From eligibility for randomization (Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment [CIWA] score of at least 11) until 72 hours of observation had been completed.

Article	Year
Novel Agents for the Pharmacological Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder. Drugs, 2022, Volume: 82, Issue:3 Topics: Acamprosate; Alcohol Deterrents; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Disulfiram; Humans; Naltrexone; Topiramate	2022
MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2022, Volume: 164, Issue:7 Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Humans	2022
Baclofen for alcohol use disorder. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2023, 01-13, Volume: 1 Topics: Acamprosate; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Male; M	2023
Systematic review and meta-analysis: Efficacy and safety of baclofen in patients with alcohol use disorder co-morbid liver diseases. Journal of psychiatric research, 2023, Volume: 164 Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Craving; Humans; Liver Diseases	2023
[The efficacy of baclofen in alcohol dependence]. Tijdschrift voor psychiatrie, 2019, Volume: 61, Issue:8 Topics: Alcoholism; Baclofen; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Humans; Treatment Outcome	2019
Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2019, 11-06, Volume: 2019, Issue:11 Topics: Alcoholism; Baclofen; Craving; GABA Agonists; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Substan	2019
Toxicological considerations in the prescription of baclofen for the treatment of substance use disorders. Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology, 2020, Volume: 16, Issue:4 Topics: Alcoholism; Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Humans; Off-Label	2020
Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Baclofen. ACS chemical neuroscience, 2020, 06-17, Volume: 11, Issue:12 Topics: Alcoholism; Baclofen; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Neurosciences; Receptors, GABA-B	2020
Individualized, High-Dose Baclofen for Reduction in Alcohol Intake in Persons With High Levels of Consumption. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2020, 08-04, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Baclofen; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Humans; Meta-Analysis as Topic	2020
The influence of anxiety symptoms on clinical outcomes during baclofen treatment of alcohol use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2021, Volume: 125 Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Anxiety; Baclofen; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Humans	2021
Recent Advances in the Potential of Positive Allosteric Modulators of the GABAB Receptor to Treat Alcohol Use Disorder. Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire), 2021, Feb-24, Volume: 56, Issue:2 Topics: Acetamides; Alcoholism; Animals; Baclofen; Bacterial Proteins; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Mice; Rats;	2021
GABA Current topics in behavioral neurosciences, 2022, Volume: 52 Topics: Alcoholism; Baclofen; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Humans; Receptors, GABA-B; Substance Withdrawal Synd	2022
Systematic review: Baclofen dosing protocols for alcohol use disorders used in observational studies. European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2017, Volume: 27, Issue:11 Topics: Alcoholism; Baclofen; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Humans; Observational Studies as Topic	2017
Pharmacologically controlled drinking in the treatment of alcohol dependence or alcohol use disorders: a systematic review with direct and network meta-analyses on nalmefene, naltrexone, acamprosate, baclofen and topiramate. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2018, Volume: 113, Issue:2 Topics: Acamprosate; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Network Meta-Analysis; Topirama	2018
Alcohol addiction - the safety of available approved treatment options. Expert opinion on drug safety, 2018, Volume: 17, Issue:2 Topics: Alcohol Deterrents; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Approval; Europe; F	2018
Baclofen: its effectiveness in reducing harmful drinking, craving, and negative mood. A meta-analysis. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2018, Volume: 113, Issue:8 Topics: Affect; Alcohol Abstinence; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Anxiety; Baclofen; Craving; Depression; GA	2018
Novel Pharmacotherapeutic Approaches in Treatment of Alcohol Addiction. Current drug targets, 2018, Volume: 19, Issue:12 Topics: Alcohol Deterrents; Alcoholism; Animals; Aripiprazole; Baclofen; Cyclopentanes; Gabapentin; Humans;	2018
Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of low-dose and high-dose baclofen in the treatment of alcohol dependence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2018, Volume: 28, Issue:7 Topics: Alcoholism; Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Humans	2018
Baclofen for alcohol use disorder. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2018, Nov-26, Volume: 11 Topics: Acamprosate; Alcohol Deterrents; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Craving; Depression; Female	2018
Selecting an appropriate alcohol pharmacotherapy: review of recent findings. Current opinion in psychiatry, 2019, Volume: 32, Issue:4 Topics: Acamprosate; Alcoholism; Antidepressive Agents; Baclofen; Cholinergic Agonists; Disulfiram; Gabapent	2019
Baclofen and severe alcohol dependence: an uncertain harm-benefit balance as of early 2013. Prescrire international, 2013, Volume: 22, Issue:141 Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug;	2013
[New treatment options for alcohol dependence]. MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2013, May-02, Volume: 155, Issue:8 Topics: Acamprosate; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Combined Modality Therapy; Ethanol; Fructose; Humans; Naltrexone;	2013
Recent Developments in Pharmacotherapy of Alcoholism. Pharmacopsychiatry, 2015, Volume: 48, Issue:4-5 Topics: Acamprosate; Alcohol Deterrents; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Anticonvulsants; Baclofen; Humans; Na	2015
Safety reports on the off-label use of baclofen for alcohol-dependence: recommendations to improve causality assessment. Expert opinion on drug safety, 2016, Volume: 15, Issue:6 Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Algorithms; Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; GABA-B Recepto	2016
Neuromodulation Therapies for Alcohol Addiction: A Literature Review. Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society, 2018, Volume: 21, Issue:2 Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Baclofen; Deep Brain Stimulation; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Transcranial	2018
Review article: pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence - the why, the what and the wherefore. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2017, Volume: 45, Issue:7 Topics: Acamprosate; Alcohol Deterrents; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Disulfiram; Drug Combinations; Fructose; Huma	2017
The state of pharmacotherapy for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 2009, Volume: 36, Issue:1 Topics: Acamprosate; Alcohol Deterrents; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Delayed-Action Preparations	2009
Role of the GABA(B) receptor in alcohol-seeking and drinking behavior. Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.), 2009, Volume: 43, Issue:7 Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Allosteric Regulation; Animals; Baclofen; Cyclopentanes; GABA Modulato	2009
Effectiveness and safety of baclofen in the treatment of alcohol dependent patients. CNS & neurological disorders drug targets, 2010, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System; Alcoholism; Animals; Baclofen; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Cl	2010
Safety and efficacy of baclofen in the treatment of alcohol-dependent patients. Current pharmaceutical design, 2010, Volume: 16, Issue:19 Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Animals; Baclofen; GABA Agonists; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Humans; Re	2010
Medication treatment of different types of alcoholism. The American journal of psychiatry, 2010, Volume: 167, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Alcohol Deterrents; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Chronic Disease; Depressive Disorder; Female;	2010
Efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of the Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2011, Jun-15, Issue:6 Topics: Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures; Alcoholism; Anticonvulsants; Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Ethanol; Humans	2011
[Baclofen: the new miracle cure for alcoholism?]. Revue medicale suisse, 2011, Jul-13, Volume: 7, Issue:302 Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Humans; R	2011
Defining the role of baclofen for the treatment of alcohol dependence: a systematic review of the evidence. CNS drugs, 2012, Jan-01, Volume: 26, Issue:1 Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Baclofen; Evidence-Based Medicine; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Humans; Randomized	2012
Is baclofen a revolutionary medication in alcohol addiction management? Review and recent updates. Substance abuse, 2012, Volume: 33, Issue:4 Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Baclofen; Behavior, Addictive; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Management; Di	2012
Role of GABA(B) receptor in alcohol dependence: reducing effect of baclofen on alcohol intake and alcohol motivational properties in rats and amelioration of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and alcohol craving in human alcoholics. Neurotoxicity research, 2004, Volume: 6, Issue:5 Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Animals; Baclofen; Clinical Trials as Topic; Ethanol; GABA Agonists; H	2004
Pharmacological treatment of alcohol dependence: target symptoms and target mechanisms. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2006, Volume: 111, Issue:3 Topics: Acamprosate; Alcohol Deterrents; Alcoholism; Animals; Baclofen; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Dis	2006
Pharmacological treatment of alcohol dependence: target symptoms and target mechanisms. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2006, Volume: 111, Issue:3 Topics: Acamprosate; Alcohol Deterrents; Alcoholism; Animals; Baclofen; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Dis	2006
Pharmacological treatment of alcohol dependence: target symptoms and target mechanisms. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2006, Volume: 111, Issue:3 Topics: Acamprosate; Alcohol Deterrents; Alcoholism; Animals; Baclofen; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Dis	2006
Pharmacological treatment of alcohol dependence: target symptoms and target mechanisms. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2006, Volume: 111, Issue:3 Topics: Acamprosate; Alcohol Deterrents; Alcoholism; Animals; Baclofen; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Dis	2006
Pharmacological treatment of alcohol dependence: target symptoms and target mechanisms. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2006, Volume: 111, Issue:3 Topics: Acamprosate; Alcohol Deterrents; Alcoholism; Animals; Baclofen; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Dis	2006
Pharmacological treatment of alcohol dependence: target symptoms and target mechanisms. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2006, Volume: 111, Issue:3 Topics: Acamprosate; Alcohol Deterrents; Alcoholism; Animals; Baclofen; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Dis	2006
Pharmacological treatment of alcohol dependence: target symptoms and target mechanisms. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2006, Volume: 111, Issue:3 Topics: Acamprosate; Alcohol Deterrents; Alcoholism; Animals; Baclofen; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Dis	2006
Pharmacological treatment of alcohol dependence: target symptoms and target mechanisms. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2006, Volume: 111, Issue:3 Topics: Acamprosate; Alcohol Deterrents; Alcoholism; Animals; Baclofen; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Dis	2006
Pharmacological treatment of alcohol dependence: target symptoms and target mechanisms. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2006, Volume: 111, Issue:3 Topics: Acamprosate; Alcohol Deterrents; Alcoholism; Animals; Baclofen; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Dis	2006
Baclofen: a new drug for the treatment of alcohol dependence. International journal of clinical practice, 2006, Volume: 60, Issue:8 Topics: Alcoholism; Baclofen; GABA Agonists; Humans; Secondary Prevention	2006
Update on neuropharmacological treatments for alcoholism: scientific basis and clinical findings. Biochemical pharmacology, 2008, Jan-01, Volume: 75, Issue:1 Topics: Acamprosate; Alcoholism; Animals; Baclofen; Disulfiram; Fructose; Humans; Naltrexone; Ondansetron; R	2008

Article	Year
Sex differences in the interrelations between stress, craving and alcohol consumption across individuals and time during baclofen treatment for alcohol dependence. Addictive behaviors, 2023, Volume: 136 Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Craving; Female; Humans; Male; Sex Characteristics	2023
Effects of baclofen on insular gain anticipation in alcohol-dependent patients - a randomized, placebo-controlled, pharmaco-fMRI pilot trial. Psychopharmacology, 2023, Volume: 240, Issue:1 Topics: Alcoholism; Anticipation, Psychological; Baclofen; Central Nervous System Depressants; Ethanol; Huma	2023
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical response in alcohol-dependent patients during baclofen treatment and association with clinical outcome: Preliminary results. Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.), 2023, Volume: 112 Topics: Alcoholism; Baclofen; Ethanol; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Pituitary-Adr	2023
Baclofen during alcohol detoxification reduces the need for additional diazepam: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire), 2023, Sep-09, Volume: 58, Issue:5 Topics: Alcoholism; Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Diazepam; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Single-Blind Method; S	2023
Baclofen modulates cardiovascular responses to appetitive cues in treatment-seeking alcohol use disorder individuals. Human psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 35, Issue:2 Topics: Alcoholism; Baclofen; Craving; Cues; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; GABA-B Receptor Agoni	2020
Effect of High-Dose Baclofen on Agitation-Related Events Among Patients With Unhealthy Alcohol Use Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA, 2021, 02-23, Volume: 325, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Aged; Alcohol-Induced Disorders; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Double-Blind Method; Female; GABA-B Re	2021
Efficacy and tolerability of baclofen in a U.S. community population with alcohol use disorder: a dose-response, randomized, controlled trial. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2021, Volume: 46, Issue:13 Topics: Alcoholism; Baclofen; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome	2021
Biobehavioral effects of baclofen in anxious alcohol-dependent individuals: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, laboratory study. Translational psychiatry, 2017, 04-25, Volume: 7, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Anxiety; Baclofen; Biobehavioral Sciences; Craving; Double-Blin	2017
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study of High-Dose Baclofen in Alcohol-Dependent Patients-The ALPADIR Study. Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire), 2017, Jul-01, Volume: 52, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Craving; Double-Blind Method; Female; GABA-B Receptor	2017
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis Activity in Alcohol-Dependent Patients During Treatment with High-Dose Baclofen. Pharmacopsychiatry, 2019, Volume: 52, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Aged; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Double-Blind Method; Fem	2019
Neuroendocrine response to GABA-B receptor agonism in alcohol-dependent individuals: Results from a combined outpatient and human laboratory experiment. Neuropharmacology, 2018, 07-15, Volume: 137 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Deterrents; Alcoholism; Ambulatory Care; Baclofen; Biomarkers; Double-Blind Method; F	2018
Baclofen in the treatment of alcohol dependence with or without liver disease: multisite, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 2018, Volume: 212, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Double-Blind Method; Female; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Humans; Liver Di	2018
Can baclofen change alcohol-related cognitive biases and what is the role of anxiety herein? Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2018, Volume: 32, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Attentional Bias;	2018
Effects of high-dose baclofen on cue reactivity in alcohol dependence: A randomized, placebo-controlled pharmaco-fMRI study. European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2018, Volume: 28, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Brain; Cues; Double-Blind Method; Female; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Hum	2018
Effects of high-dose baclofen on cue reactivity in alcohol dependence: A randomized, placebo-controlled pharmaco-fMRI study. European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2018, Volume: 28, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Brain; Cues; Double-Blind Method; Female; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Hum	2018
Effects of high-dose baclofen on cue reactivity in alcohol dependence: A randomized, placebo-controlled pharmaco-fMRI study. European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2018, Volume: 28, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Brain; Cues; Double-Blind Method; Female; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Hum	2018
Effects of high-dose baclofen on cue reactivity in alcohol dependence: A randomized, placebo-controlled pharmaco-fMRI study. European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2018, Volume: 28, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Brain; Cues; Double-Blind Method; Female; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Hum	2018
A deeper insight into how GABA-B receptor agonism via baclofen may affect alcohol seeking and consumption: lessons learned from a human laboratory investigation. Molecular psychiatry, 2021, Volume: 26, Issue:2 Topics: Alcoholism; Baclofen; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Humans; Laboratories; Receptors, GABA-B	2021
Executive Functioning Moderates Responses to Appetitive Cues: A Study in Severe Alcohol Use Disorder and Alcoholic Liver Disease. Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire), 2019, Jan-01, Volume: 54, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Cues; Double-Blind Method; Executive Function; Female; GABA-B Rec	2019
Total and acylated ghrelin plasma levels as potential long-term response markers in alcohol-dependent patients receiving high-dose of the GABA-B receptor agonist baclofen. Psychiatry research, 2019, Volume: 272 Topics: Acylation; Adult; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Biomarkers; Double-Blind Method; Female; GABA-B Receptor Ago	2019
Baclofen attenuates fMRI alcohol cue reactivity in treatment-seeking alcohol dependent individuals. Psychopharmacology, 2021, Volume: 238, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Brain; Craving; Cues; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Magnetic Res	2021
Clinical Predictors of Response to Baclofen in the Treatment of Alcohol use Disorder: Results from the BacALD Trial. Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire), 2019, May-01, Volume: 54, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Anxiety; Baclofen; Craving; Dose-Response Rel	2019
The efficacy and biobehavioural basis of baclofen in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease (BacALD): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Contemporary clinical trials, 2013, Volume: 36, Issue:2 Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Clinical Protocols; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration	2013
A preliminary double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study of baclofen effects in alcoholic smokers. Psychopharmacology, 2015, Volume: 232, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholics; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up St	2015
Baclofen for the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence and Possible Role of Comorbid Anxiety. Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire), 2014, Volume: 49, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Abstinence; Alcoholism; Anxiety; Baclofen; Double-Blind Method; Female; GABA-B Recept	2014
Baclofen as add-on to standard psychosocial treatment for alcohol dependence: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 1 year follow-up. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 2015, Volume: 52 Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studi	2015
High-dose baclofen for the treatment of alcohol dependence (BACLAD study): a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2015, Volume: 25, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Abstinence; Alcohol Deterrents; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fo	2015
[Double blind placebo controlled randomized pilot clinical trial of baclofen (Baclosan®) for alcohol dependence]. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova, 2015, Volume: 115, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Anxiety; Baclofen; Depression; Double-Blind M	2015
Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in alcohol-dependent patients receiving high-dose baclofen. Psychiatry research, 2016, 06-30, Volume: 240 Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Double-Blind Method; Female; GABA-B	2016
Baclofen to prevent agitation in alcohol-addicted patients in the ICU: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials, 2016, 08-19, Volume: 17, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Clinical Protocols; Double-Blind Method; Female; Huma	2016
Randomized open-label trial of baclofen for relapse prevention in alcohol dependence. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 2017, Volume: 43, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Abstinence; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Anxiety; Baclofen; Craving; GABA-B Receptor	2017
Efficacy and safety of high-dose baclofen for the treatment of alcohol dependence: A multicentre, randomised, double-blind controlled trial. European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2016, Volume: 26, Issue:12 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method	2016
The safety and efficacy of baclofen to reduce alcohol use in veterans with chronic hepatitis C: a randomized controlled trial. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2017, Volume: 112, Issue:7 Topics: Alcoholism; Baclofen; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Hepa	2017
Efficacy and safety of baclofen for alcohol dependence: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 2010, Volume: 34, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Anxiety; Baclofen; Depression; Double-Blind Method;	2010
Ghrelin system in alcohol-dependent subjects: role of plasma ghrelin levels in alcohol drinking and craving. Addiction biology, 2012, Volume: 17, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Case-Control Studies; Drug-Seeking Behavior; Female;	2012
Ghrelin system in alcohol-dependent subjects: role of plasma ghrelin levels in alcohol drinking and craving. Addiction biology, 2012, Volume: 17, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Case-Control Studies; Drug-Seeking Behavior; Female;	2012
Ghrelin system in alcohol-dependent subjects: role of plasma ghrelin levels in alcohol drinking and craving. Addiction biology, 2012, Volume: 17, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Case-Control Studies; Drug-Seeking Behavior; Female;	2012
Ghrelin system in alcohol-dependent subjects: role of plasma ghrelin levels in alcohol drinking and craving. Addiction biology, 2012, Volume: 17, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Case-Control Studies; Drug-Seeking Behavior; Female;	2012
Ghrelin system in alcohol-dependent subjects: role of plasma ghrelin levels in alcohol drinking and craving. Addiction biology, 2012, Volume: 17, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Case-Control Studies; Drug-Seeking Behavior; Female;	2012
Ghrelin system in alcohol-dependent subjects: role of plasma ghrelin levels in alcohol drinking and craving. Addiction biology, 2012, Volume: 17, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Case-Control Studies; Drug-Seeking Behavior; Female;	2012
Ghrelin system in alcohol-dependent subjects: role of plasma ghrelin levels in alcohol drinking and craving. Addiction biology, 2012, Volume: 17, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Case-Control Studies; Drug-Seeking Behavior; Female;	2012
Ghrelin system in alcohol-dependent subjects: role of plasma ghrelin levels in alcohol drinking and craving. Addiction biology, 2012, Volume: 17, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Case-Control Studies; Drug-Seeking Behavior; Female;	2012
Ghrelin system in alcohol-dependent subjects: role of plasma ghrelin levels in alcohol drinking and craving. Addiction biology, 2012, Volume: 17, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Case-Control Studies; Drug-Seeking Behavior; Female;	2012
Treating alcohol withdrawal with oral baclofen: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of hospital medicine, 2011, Volume: 6, Issue:8 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle	2011
Baclofen promotes alcohol abstinence in alcohol dependent cirrhotic patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Addictive behaviors, 2012, Volume: 37, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alcohol Deterrents; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Female; GABA-B Receptor Agonists;	2012
A human laboratory pilot study with baclofen in alcoholic individuals. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2013, Volume: 103, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholics; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up St	2013
A human laboratory pilot study with baclofen in alcoholic individuals. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2013, Volume: 103, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholics; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up St	2013
A human laboratory pilot study with baclofen in alcoholic individuals. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2013, Volume: 103, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholics; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up St	2013
A human laboratory pilot study with baclofen in alcoholic individuals. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2013, Volume: 103, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholics; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up St	2013
Baclofen for alcohol dependence: a preliminary open-label study. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 2004, Volume: 28, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Baclofen; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged	2004
Baclofen for alcoholism. Lancet (London, England), 2007, Dec-08, Volume: 370, Issue:9603 Topics: Alcoholism; Baclofen; GABA Agonists; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic; Patient Selection; Temperan	2007
Effectiveness and safety of baclofen for maintenance of alcohol abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients with liver cirrhosis: randomised, double-blind controlled study. Lancet (London, England), 2007, Dec-08, Volume: 370, Issue:9603 Topics: Alcoholism; Baclofen; Double-Blind Method; Female; GABA Agonists; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Mid	2007
Effectiveness and safety of baclofen for maintenance of alcohol abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients with liver cirrhosis: randomised, double-blind controlled study. Lancet (London, England), 2007, Dec-08, Volume: 370, Issue:9603 Topics: Alcoholism; Baclofen; Double-Blind Method; Female; GABA Agonists; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Mid	2007
Effectiveness and safety of baclofen for maintenance of alcohol abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients with liver cirrhosis: randomised, double-blind controlled study. Lancet (London, England), 2007, Dec-08, Volume: 370, Issue:9603 Topics: Alcoholism; Baclofen; Double-Blind Method; Female; GABA Agonists; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Mid	2007
Effectiveness and safety of baclofen for maintenance of alcohol abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients with liver cirrhosis: randomised, double-blind controlled study. Lancet (London, England), 2007, Dec-08, Volume: 370, Issue:9603 Topics: Alcoholism; Baclofen; Double-Blind Method; Female; GABA Agonists; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Mid	2007
Renin and aldosterone but not the natriuretic peptide correlate with obsessive craving in medium-term abstinent alcohol-dependent patients: a longitudinal study. Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.), 2008, Volume: 42, Issue:5 Topics: Alcoholism; Aldosterone; Baclofen; Behavior, Addictive; Counseling; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Stu	2008
[The use of baclofen for treating affective disorders in alcoholism]. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova, 1994, Volume: 94, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Amitriptyline; Baclofen; Diazepam; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Ligands; Mood Disorde	1994
Baclofen administration for the treatment of affective disorders in alcoholic patients. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1993, Volume: 33, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Alcoholism; Amitriptyline; Anxiety Disorders; Baclofen; Blood Platelets	1993
[Effect of pharmacotherapy of affective disorders on the psycho-semantics of alcoholic patients]. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova, 1995, Volume: 95, Issue:6 Topics: Alcoholism; Amitriptyline; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Baclofen; Color Pe	1995