baclofen and Ache studies

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"To assess attainment of individual treatment goals one year after intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pump implantation in individuals with dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP)."	9.69	Attainment of personal goals in the first year of intrathecal baclofen treatment in dyskinetic cerebral palsy: a prospective cohort study. ( Becher, JG; Bonouvrié, LA; Buizer, AI; Haberfehlner, H; Vermeulen, RJ; Vles, JSH, 2023)
"Background and Purpose- Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) is an effective treatment for managing patients with severe poststroke spasticity, who can experience continued pain and decline in their quality of life (QoL)."	9.27	Effect of Intrathecal Baclofen on Pain and Quality of Life in Poststroke Spasticity. ( Abouihia, A; Calabrese, A; Cloud, G; Creamer, M; Francisco, GE; Kossmehl, P; Saltuari, L; Ward, AB; Wissel, J; Yochelson, M; Zampolini, M, 2018)
") baclofen on chronic, dysesthetic, and spasm-related pain (SRP) among patients with spinal spasticity [i."	9.07	Intrathecal baclofen suppresses central pain in patients with spinal lesions. A pilot study. ( D'Luzansky, SC; Herman, RM; Ippolito, R, 1992)
"We describe a unique case of intrathecal baclofen overdose mimicking brainstem death, during bilateral anterior cingulate cortex deep brain stimulation (DBS) for pain."	8.12	Intrathecal baclofen overdose mimicking brainstem death during deep brain stimulation surgery for pain. ( Alamri, A; Aziz, T; Mostofi, A; Pereira, E, 2022)
"Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pumps used to manage spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (CP) also improve pain outcomes for some but not all patients."	7.96	Investigating the Feasibility of a Modified Quantitative Sensory Testing Approach to Profile Sensory Function and Predict Pain Outcomes Following Intrathecal Baclofen Implant Surgery in Cerebral Palsy. ( Barney, CC; Merbler, AM; Simone, DA; Symons, FJ; Walk, D, 2020)
"To investigate the effect of intrathecal baclofen (ITB) on function and activity in dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP)."	7.88	Intrathecal baclofen in dyskinetic cerebral palsy: effects on function and activity. ( Askljung, B; Corneliusson, O; Eek, MN; Himmelmann, K; Lindh, K; Olsson, K; Påhlman, M, 2018)
"To compare spasticity levels, pain, sleep, fatigue, and quality of life between individuals receiving treatment with intrathecal versus oral baclofen."	7.83	Intrathecal Versus Oral Baclofen: A Matched Cohort Study of Spasticity, Pain, Sleep, Fatigue, and Quality of Life. ( Binler, D; Chu, SK; Lee, J; Marciniak, C; Mathur, SN; McCormick, ZL; Neudorf, D, 2016)
"We describe a patient in whom long-term, therapeutic infusion of the selective gamma-amino-butyric acid type B (GABAB) receptor agonist, baclofen, into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) gave rise to three distinct varieties of memory impairment: i) repeated, short periods of severe global amnesia, ii) accelerated long-term forgetting (ALF), evident over intervals of days and iii) a loss of established autobiographical memories."	7.83	The GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen, contributes to three distinct varieties of amnesia in the human brain - A detailed case report. ( Carr, M; Dewar, M; Hoefeijzers, S; Milton, F; Streatfield, C; Zeman, A, 2016)
" Our aims were to investigate the effect and mechanism of action of the GABA(B) receptor agonist, baclofen, on gastric hypersensitivity in a validated rat model of functional dyspepsia (FD)."	7.77	The analgesic effects of the GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen, in a rodent model of functional dyspepsia. ( Liu, LS; Pasricha, PJ; Shenoy, M, 2011)
"Baclofen, a specific GABA(B) receptor agonist, is used to treat spasticity and its off-label use includes the treatment of pain."	7.75	Role of GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen in acute pain modulation during the early postnatal period. ( Franek, M; Vaculin, S, 2009)
"Seven cases of combination of intrathecal (IT) ziconotide and baclofen therapy in patients with refractory neuropathic pain and spasticity were reviewed."	7.75	Intrathecal ziconotide and baclofen provide pain relief in seven patients with neuropathic pain and spasticity: case reports. ( Burton, AW; Danyo, DA; Frost, S; Glanzer, J; Saulino, M; Solanki, DR, 2009)
"Prospective studies that address both efficacy and safety of continuous infusion of intrathecal baclofen (CITB) in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP), and that use outcome measures beyond muscle tone are lacking."	7.75	Safety and one-year efficacy of intrathecal baclofen therapy in children with intractable spastic cerebral palsy. ( Gorter, JW; Hoving, MA; Spincemaille, GH; van Kleef, M; van Kranen-Mastenbroek, VH; van Raak, EP; Vles, JS, 2009)
"We report on the case of a patient suffering from Friedreich's ataxia (FA) with very painful and disabling spasms that were improved markedly by intrathecal baclofen infusion."	7.73	Intrathecal baclofen in the treatment of painful, disabling spasms in Friedreich's ataxia. ( Ben Smail, D; Bussel, B; Denys, P; Jacq, C, 2005)
"We report the treatment of severe neuropathic pain in a patient with ED and the combined intrathecal application of baclofen and morphine in 5 patients with severe spasticity related pain."	7.71	Combined intrathecal baclofen and morphine infusion for the treatment of spasticity related pain and central deafferentiation pain. ( Becker, R; Bertalanffy, H; Gatscher, S; Uhle, E, 2002)
"In this case study we describe a dual approach to the palliation of difficult muscle spasms using intrathecal baclofen via a fully implanted system, together with the homeopathic approach to symptom control."	7.70	Intrathecal baclofen and homeopathy for the treatment of painful muscle spasms associated with malignant spinal cord compression. ( Hicks, F; Thompson, E, 1998)
"Baclofen, an agonist of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, has antinociceptive effects, and its intrathecal administration reduces allodynic responses in animal models of neurogenic central pain."	7.69	A new approach to control central deafferentation pain: spinal intrathecal baclofen. ( Iseki, H; Kawabatake, H; Kawamura, H; Taira, T; Takakura, K; Tanikawa, T, 1995)
"We investigated the short-term effects of an intrathecal bolus injection of baclofen on central pain due to stroke or spinal cord injury."	7.69	A new approach to the control of central deafferentation pain--spinal intrathecal baclofen. ( Iseki, H; Kawabatake, H; Kawamura, H; Taira, T; Takakura, K; Tanikawa, T; Ueda, A, 1995)
"The mean daily dosage alleviating spasticity on the hemiparetic side-without affecting the nonparetic side-was 119 microg/day (range 50 to 360 microg/day)."	6.74	Limitations of intrathecal baclofen for spastic hemiparesis following stroke. ( Kofler, M; Quirbach, E; Saltuari, L; Schauer, R; Singer, M, 2009)
"Clinical signs and symptoms of spasticity include hypertonia, involuntary movements (spasms, clonus), decreased range of motion, contractures, and often spasm-related pain."	6.73	Intrathecal baclofen for spasticity-related pain in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: efficacy and factors associated with pain relief. ( Bethoux, FA; Boulis, NM; Gogol, DM; Harrison, M; McClelland, S; Pioro, EP; Schwetz, KM; Stough, DK; Sutliff, MH, 2008)
"Sporadic cases of dramatic recovery from persistent vegetative state after intrathecal administration of baclofen have been reported."	6.44	Intrathecal baclofen in the treatment of post-stroke central pain, dystonia, and persistent vegetative state. ( Hori, T; Taira, T, 2007)
"Baclofen is also used for control of dystonia due to cerebral palsy or reflex sympathetic dystrophy."	6.42	Clinical application of drug pump for spasticity, pain, and restorative neurosurgery: other clinical applications of intrathecal baclofen. ( Hori, T; Taira, T, 2003)
"To assess attainment of individual treatment goals one year after intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pump implantation in individuals with dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP)."	5.69	Attainment of personal goals in the first year of intrathecal baclofen treatment in dyskinetic cerebral palsy: a prospective cohort study. ( Becher, JG; Bonouvrié, LA; Buizer, AI; Haberfehlner, H; Vermeulen, RJ; Vles, JSH, 2023)
"The treatment of spasticity and dystonia in these patients is difficult partly due to the relentless nature of this progressive disorder."	5.48	Intrathecal baclofen treatment an option in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. ( Ehrstedt, C; Hjartarson, HT; Tedroff, K, 2018)
"Background and Purpose- Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) is an effective treatment for managing patients with severe poststroke spasticity, who can experience continued pain and decline in their quality of life (QoL)."	5.27	Effect of Intrathecal Baclofen on Pain and Quality of Life in Poststroke Spasticity. ( Abouihia, A; Calabrese, A; Cloud, G; Creamer, M; Francisco, GE; Kossmehl, P; Saltuari, L; Ward, AB; Wissel, J; Yochelson, M; Zampolini, M, 2018)
"To determine the impact of intrathecal baclofen (ITB) therapy on outcomes of functional independence, pain, subjective improvement, performance, and standard measures of spasticity."	5.11	A clinical study of intrathecal baclofen using a programmable pump for intractable spasticity. ( Guillaume, D; Roeste, G; Van Havenbergh, A; Vidal, J; Vloeberghs, M, 2005)
") baclofen on chronic, dysesthetic, and spasm-related pain (SRP) among patients with spinal spasticity [i."	5.07	Intrathecal baclofen suppresses central pain in patients with spinal lesions. A pilot study. ( D'Luzansky, SC; Herman, RM; Ippolito, R, 1992)
"This study evaluated the analgesic efficacy of baclofen in relation to specific pain stimuli in 83 women (27 nulliparas and 56 multiparas) undergoing voluntary abortion (clamping of the cervix and dilatation and curettage)."	5.05	Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of baclofen, alone and in combination, in patients undergoing voluntary abortion. ( Bacchini, M; Battagliarin, G; Brambilla, C; Corli, O; Di Piazza, D; Grossi, E; Roma, G, 1984)
"Ziconotide is a nonopioid intrathecal analgesic used to manage moderate to severe chronic pain."	4.86	Ziconotide combination intrathecal therapy: rationale and evidence. ( Deer, T; Rauck, RL; Wallace, MS, 2010)
" To date, only the antidepressants and the anticonvulsants have shown any effectiveness, albeit incomplete and inconsistent, and many questions remain unanswered: What are the exact indications for the antidepressants? What component of neuropathic pain do they relieve, and through which mechanisms? Which type of antidepressants should be prescribed? A first-generation tricyclic? Or a new compound with a selective action on serotonin reuptake? What are the effective dosage and duration of the treatment? What is it mechanism of action? What other antalgic effects do carbamazepine and baclofen possess apart from their action on trigeminal neuralgia? The opiates are generally considered to be without effect, but recent clinical and experimental findings seem to point otherwise."	4.78	[Pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain]. ( Ollat, H, 1992)
"We describe a unique case of intrathecal baclofen overdose mimicking brainstem death, during bilateral anterior cingulate cortex deep brain stimulation (DBS) for pain."	4.12	Intrathecal baclofen overdose mimicking brainstem death during deep brain stimulation surgery for pain. ( Alamri, A; Aziz, T; Mostofi, A; Pereira, E, 2022)
"Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pumps used to manage spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (CP) also improve pain outcomes for some but not all patients."	3.96	Investigating the Feasibility of a Modified Quantitative Sensory Testing Approach to Profile Sensory Function and Predict Pain Outcomes Following Intrathecal Baclofen Implant Surgery in Cerebral Palsy. ( Barney, CC; Merbler, AM; Simone, DA; Symons, FJ; Walk, D, 2020)
"To investigate the effect of intrathecal baclofen (ITB) on function and activity in dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP)."	3.88	Intrathecal baclofen in dyskinetic cerebral palsy: effects on function and activity. ( Askljung, B; Corneliusson, O; Eek, MN; Himmelmann, K; Lindh, K; Olsson, K; Påhlman, M, 2018)
"We describe a patient in whom long-term, therapeutic infusion of the selective gamma-amino-butyric acid type B (GABAB) receptor agonist, baclofen, into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) gave rise to three distinct varieties of memory impairment: i) repeated, short periods of severe global amnesia, ii) accelerated long-term forgetting (ALF), evident over intervals of days and iii) a loss of established autobiographical memories."	3.83	The GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen, contributes to three distinct varieties of amnesia in the human brain - A detailed case report. ( Carr, M; Dewar, M; Hoefeijzers, S; Milton, F; Streatfield, C; Zeman, A, 2016)
"To compare spasticity levels, pain, sleep, fatigue, and quality of life between individuals receiving treatment with intrathecal versus oral baclofen."	3.83	Intrathecal Versus Oral Baclofen: A Matched Cohort Study of Spasticity, Pain, Sleep, Fatigue, and Quality of Life. ( Binler, D; Chu, SK; Lee, J; Marciniak, C; Mathur, SN; McCormick, ZL; Neudorf, D, 2016)
"The following, from the 12th OESO World Conference: Cancers of the Esophagus, includes commentaries on the role for ketamine and other alternative treatments in esophageal disorders; the use of linaclotide in the treatment of esophageal pain; the alginate test as a diagnostic criterion in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD); the use of baclofen in treatment of GERD; the effects of opioids on the esophagus; the use of antagonists on the receptor level in GERD; the effect of local formulation of drugs on the esophageal mucosa; and the use of electroencephalographic fingerprints to predict the effect of pharmacological treatment."	3.80	Pharmacologic treatments for esophageal disorders. ( Blackshaw, LA; Bordin, DS; Brock, C; Brokjaer, A; Drewes, AM; Farmer, AD; Krarup, AL; Lottrup, C; Masharova, AA; Moawad, FJ; Olesen, AE, 2014)
" Systemic administration of 1 reduced acetic acid-induced writhing, the inflammatory phase of formalin-induced pain, and capsaicin-induced mechanical allodynia."	3.79	Antiallodynic and analgesic effects of maslinic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid from Olea europaea. ( Baeyens, JM; Cobos, EJ; Entrena, JM; García-Granados, A; Nieto, FR; Parra, A, 2013)
" Our aims were to investigate the effect and mechanism of action of the GABA(B) receptor agonist, baclofen, on gastric hypersensitivity in a validated rat model of functional dyspepsia (FD)."	3.77	The analgesic effects of the GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen, in a rodent model of functional dyspepsia. ( Liu, LS; Pasricha, PJ; Shenoy, M, 2011)
"Prospective studies that address both efficacy and safety of continuous infusion of intrathecal baclofen (CITB) in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP), and that use outcome measures beyond muscle tone are lacking."	3.75	Safety and one-year efficacy of intrathecal baclofen therapy in children with intractable spastic cerebral palsy. ( Gorter, JW; Hoving, MA; Spincemaille, GH; van Kleef, M; van Kranen-Mastenbroek, VH; van Raak, EP; Vles, JS, 2009)
"Seven cases of combination of intrathecal (IT) ziconotide and baclofen therapy in patients with refractory neuropathic pain and spasticity were reviewed."	3.75	Intrathecal ziconotide and baclofen provide pain relief in seven patients with neuropathic pain and spasticity: case reports. ( Burton, AW; Danyo, DA; Frost, S; Glanzer, J; Saulino, M; Solanki, DR, 2009)
"Baclofen, a specific GABA(B) receptor agonist, is used to treat spasticity and its off-label use includes the treatment of pain."	3.75	Role of GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen in acute pain modulation during the early postnatal period. ( Franek, M; Vaculin, S, 2009)
"We report on the case of a patient suffering from Friedreich's ataxia (FA) with very painful and disabling spasms that were improved markedly by intrathecal baclofen infusion."	3.73	Intrathecal baclofen in the treatment of painful, disabling spasms in Friedreich's ataxia. ( Ben Smail, D; Bussel, B; Denys, P; Jacq, C, 2005)
"The good clinical response to treatment of spasticity and rigidity, improved quality of life, pain reduction and patient satisfaction with short length of admission demonstrate the efficacy of intrathecal baclofen therapy."	3.73	Continuous intrathecal baclofen administration by a fully implantable electronic pump for severe spasticity treatment: our experience. ( Bucolo, GE; Castiglione, A; Fazzio, S; Guglielmino, A; Mangiameli, S; Patti, F; Pittalà, G; Sorbello, M; Zingale, SF, 2006)
"A selective GABA(B) receptor agonist, baclofen, is known to suppress neuropathic pain."	3.72	Activaton of GABAB receptor inhibits the excitability of rat small diameter trigeminal root ganglion neurons. ( Ikeda, M; Kadoi, J; Matsumoto, S; Takeda, M; Tanimoto, T, 2004)
"We report the treatment of severe neuropathic pain in a patient with ED and the combined intrathecal application of baclofen and morphine in 5 patients with severe spasticity related pain."	3.71	Combined intrathecal baclofen and morphine infusion for the treatment of spasticity related pain and central deafferentiation pain. ( Becker, R; Bertalanffy, H; Gatscher, S; Uhle, E, 2002)
" In vivo microdialysis was performed in parallel in awake, freely moving rats in order to evaluate possible alterations in extracellular gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in a pain-modulating region, the medial thalamus."	3.70	Tiagabine antinociception in rodents depends on GABA(B) receptor activation: parallel antinociception testing and medial thalamus GABA microdialysis. ( Bartolini, A; Ipponi, A; Lamberti, C; Malmberg-Aiello, P; Medica, A, 1999)
"In this case study we describe a dual approach to the palliation of difficult muscle spasms using intrathecal baclofen via a fully implanted system, together with the homeopathic approach to symptom control."	3.70	Intrathecal baclofen and homeopathy for the treatment of painful muscle spasms associated with malignant spinal cord compression. ( Hicks, F; Thompson, E, 1998)
"The present study was designed to investigate the effect of a selective GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen on the pain-like nociceptive behavior (scratching, biting and licking) induced by intrathecal (i."	3.70	Modulation of NMDA- and (+)TAN-67-induced nociception by GABA(B) receptors in the mouse spinal cord. ( Imai, S; Kamei, J; Nagase, H; Narita, M; Suzuki, T; Tsuda, M; Yajima, Y, 2000)
"The present data suggest that intrathecal morphine, and to some extent clonidine, but not baclofen, alleviated the abnormal pain-related behaviors in this new rat model of partial peripheral nerve injury."	3.70	Effects of intrathecal morphine, clonidine and baclofen on allodynia after partial sciatic nerve injury in the rat. ( Hao, JX; Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Z; Xu, IS; Xu, XJ, 1999)
"Intrathecal administration of baclofen, a GABA(B)-receptor agonist, affects pain behavior induced by formalin in a biphasic manner; baclofen at low doses enhances pain while producing antinociception at high doses."	3.70	Presynaptic inhibition by baclofen of miniature EPSCs and IPSCs in substantia gelatinosa neurons of the adult rat spinal dorsal horn. ( Iyadomi, I; Iyadomi, M; Kumamoto, E; Tomokuni, K; Yoshimura, M, 2000)
"Experimental studies indicate that the effects of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) on 'hypersymptoms' in neuropathic pain conditions may at least partly be mediated via GABAergic and adenosine-dependent mechanisms."	3.69	Modulation of spinal pain mechanisms by spinal cord stimulation and the potential role of adjuvant pharmacotherapy. ( Cui, JG; Linderoth, B; Meyerson, BA; O'Connor, WT; Segerdahl, M; Sollevi, A; Stiller, CO; Yakhnitsa, V, 1997)
"We investigated the short-term effects of an intrathecal bolus injection of baclofen on central pain due to stroke or spinal cord injury."	3.69	A new approach to the control of central deafferentation pain--spinal intrathecal baclofen. ( Iseki, H; Kawabatake, H; Kawamura, H; Taira, T; Takakura, K; Tanikawa, T; Ueda, A, 1995)
"In this pharmacological study we have assessed the effect of baclofen, a selective GABAB receptor agonist, on spinal expression of the immediate early gene c-Fos and the peripheral oedema evoked by a prolonged peripheral inflammation due to intraplantar carrageenan."	3.69	The contribution of GABAB receptor-mediated events to inflammatory pain processing: carrageenan oedema and associated spinal c-Fos expression in the rat. ( Besson, JM; Buritova, J; Chapman, V; Honoré, P, 1996)
"Baclofen, an agonist of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, has antinociceptive effects, and its intrathecal administration reduces allodynic responses in animal models of neurogenic central pain."	3.69	A new approach to control central deafferentation pain: spinal intrathecal baclofen. ( Iseki, H; Kawabatake, H; Kawamura, H; Taira, T; Takakura, K; Tanikawa, T, 1995)
"The present study was designed to characterise the analgesia produced by the GABA B agonist baclofen in tonic pain in monkeys."	3.68	GABA B mediated analgesia in tonic pain in monkeys. ( Mathur, R; Nayar, U; Sharma, R, 1993)
" The results showed that baclofen, substance P (SP) and naloxone administered intrathecally could reduce the tail pressure pain threshold."	3.67	Further evidence for possible analgesic mechanism of electroacupuncture: effects on neuropeptides and serotonergic neurons in rat spinal cord. ( Inoki, R; Lin, JG; Tsai, HY, 1989)
" The 5-HT released from the spinal cord was significantly increased by somatostatin, substance P and peripheral pain stimulation (tail pinch), but not affected by neurotensin, beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin."	3.67	Effect of neuroactive peptides on labeled 5-hydroxytryptamine release from rat spinal cord. ( Tsai, HY, 1984)
"The influence of spasticity, experienced by the patients with a spinal cord injury, on their quality of life was analyzed before the surgery and 12 months after it."	3.30	Neuromodulation and quality of life for patient with spasticity after spinal cord injury. ( Biktimirov, A; Bryukhovetskiy, I; Sharma, A; Sharma, HS, 2023)
"The mean daily dosage alleviating spasticity on the hemiparetic side-without affecting the nonparetic side-was 119 microg/day (range 50 to 360 microg/day)."	2.74	Limitations of intrathecal baclofen for spastic hemiparesis following stroke. ( Kofler, M; Quirbach, E; Saltuari, L; Schauer, R; Singer, M, 2009)
" The chronic use of this drug in a pump however proved to be technically problematic and all the adenosine cases were eventually terminated."	2.73	Drug-enhanced spinal stimulation for pain: a new strategy. ( Lind, G; Linderoth, B; Schechtmann, G; Winter, J, 2007)
"Clinical signs and symptoms of spasticity include hypertonia, involuntary movements (spasms, clonus), decreased range of motion, contractures, and often spasm-related pain."	2.73	Intrathecal baclofen for spasticity-related pain in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: efficacy and factors associated with pain relief. ( Bethoux, FA; Boulis, NM; Gogol, DM; Harrison, M; McClelland, S; Pioro, EP; Schwetz, KM; Stough, DK; Sutliff, MH, 2008)
"Pain is one of the most common symptoms in children and young people (CYP) with life-limiting conditions (LLCs) which include a wide range of diagnoses including cancer."	2.52	Pharmacological interventions for pain in children and adolescents with life-limiting conditions. ( Beecham, E; Bluebond-Langner, M; Candy, B; Howard, R; Jones, L; Laddie, J; McCulloch, R; Rees, H; Vickerstaff, V, 2015)
"Of all drug use to treat MS symptoms, treatment for pain accounts for nearly 30 % of total use."	2.49	Pain and multiple sclerosis: pathophysiology and treatment. ( Messmer Uccelli, M; Solaro, C; Trabucco, E, 2013)
"These include the management of dystonia and chronic neuropathic pain."	2.44	Intrathecal baclofen therapy for neurological disorders: a sound knowledge base but many challenges remain. ( Brennan, PM; Whittle, IR, 2008)
"Sporadic cases of dramatic recovery from persistent vegetative state after intrathecal administration of baclofen have been reported."	2.44	Intrathecal baclofen in the treatment of post-stroke central pain, dystonia, and persistent vegetative state. ( Hori, T; Taira, T, 2007)
"Baclofen is also used for control of dystonia due to cerebral palsy or reflex sympathetic dystrophy."	2.42	Clinical application of drug pump for spasticity, pain, and restorative neurosurgery: other clinical applications of intrathecal baclofen. ( Hori, T; Taira, T, 2003)
"Undertreatment of pain is a persistent clinical problem for patients with cancer."	2.41	[Non-opioid analgesics in cancer pain]. ( Dohi, S, 2001)
"Among the more common symptoms is spasticity."	2.41	Management of spasticity, pain, and paroxysmal phenomena in multiple sclerosis. ( Schapiro, RT, 2001)
"Pain is a common feature of spasticity and muscle spasms and the reasons for this are discussed in this article."	2.41	The management of pain in spasticity. ( Kadies, M; Ward, AB, 2002)
"They have been of value in treating pain of cancer and spasticity through spinal subarachnoid catheters."	2.37	Drug pumps for treatment of neurologic diseases and pain. ( Penn, RD, 1985)
"Baclofen was weaned down and switched to intrathecal ziconotide at 0."	1.51	Low-Dose Intrathecal Ziconotide for Spasticity From Primary Lateral Sclerosis: A Case Report. ( Goldstein, RB; Kohan, LR; Zhu, X, 2019)
"The treatment of spasticity and dystonia in these patients is difficult partly due to the relentless nature of this progressive disorder."	1.48	Intrathecal baclofen treatment an option in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. ( Ehrstedt, C; Hjartarson, HT; Tedroff, K, 2018)
"The prevalence of idiopathic vulvodynia and proctodynia is high."	1.40	Vulvodynia and proctodynia treated with topical baclofen 5 % and palmitoylethanolamide. ( Keppel Hesselink, JM; Kopsky, DJ; Sajben, NL, 2014)
"Pain affects quality of life, functional status, cognition, mood, sleep, and well-being."	1.36	Persistent non-cancer pain management in the older adult. ( Javier, N; Tomas, M, 2010)
"In trials to preserve the pharmacological profile and improve the bioavailability via lipophilicity increment of baclofen 1 and searching for more potent and less toxic muscle relaxants and analgesics, nine substituted cyclic analogues of 1 were designed and synthesized."	1.35	5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5,6-dihydro-1,3-oxazepin-7(4H)-one derivatives as lipophilic cyclic analogues of baclofen: design, synthesis, and neuropharmacological evaluation. ( Abdel-Hafez, AA; Abdel-Wahab, BA, 2008)
"Treatment of spasticity with intrathecal baclofen pump implantation is a chance for clinical improvement in patients with severe spasticity."	1.34	[The parents expectations after baclofen pump implantation in child with severe spasticity in physical rehabilitation and psychological aspects]. ( Fafara, A; Grzegorzewski, P; Kawecka, J; Kawecki, Z; Kwiatkowski, S, 2007)
"A well known drug in the treatment of spasticity is the GABA(B) agonist Baclofen."	1.31	Baclofen inhibits ANP-mediated cyclic GMP synthesis in the rat cervical spinal cord. ( de Louw, AJ; de Vente, J; Steinbusch, HP; Steinbusch, HW; Troost, J; Vles, JS, 2002)
"These data also suggest that the hyperalgesia produced by high doses of baclofen does not result from disinhibition of a serotonergic pain facilitatory pathway, but rather from direct inhibition of tonically-active pain inhibitory neurons in the NRM and NGCpalpha."	1.30	Intrathecal methysergide antagonizes the antinociception, but not the hyperalgesia produced by microinjection of baclofen in the ventromedial medulla of the rat. ( Hammond, DL; Nelson, V; Thomas, DA, 1998)
"Diabetic animals displayed marked mechanical hyperalgesia, and some thermal hypoalgesia."	1.30	Critical evaluation of the streptozotocin model of painful diabetic neuropathy in the rat. ( Eastwood, C; Fox, A; Gentry, C; Manning, D; Urban, L, 1999)
"]) did not change tail-flick latency in control animals but produced a dose-dependent enhancement of the antinociception induced by clonidine and morphine, and shifted their dose-response curves to the left."	1.29	Cromakalim differentially enhances antinociception induced by agonists of alpha(2)adrenoceptors, gamma-aminobutyric acid(B), mu and kappa opioid receptors. ( Baeyens, JM; Barrios, M; Ocaña, M, 1996)
"When baclofen was administered intraperitoneally, pretreatment with depletors of monoamines and catecholamines (reserpine, alpha-MPT) produced a marked increase in antinociceptive activity in both tests."	1.27	Monoamines as mediators of the antinociceptive effect of baclofen. ( Sawynok, J, 1983)
"D-Baclofen should prove to be a useful tool for investigation of the role of stereoselective baclofen receptors in a variety of pharmacological processes."	1.27	D-Baclofen: is it an antagonist at baclofen receptors? ( Dickson, C; Sawynok, J, 1984)
"D-Baclofen is an antagonist at spinal baclofen receptors."	1.27	GABAergic mechanisms in antinociception. ( Sawynok, J, 1984)
"Clonidine pretreatment did not significantly alter the effect of baclofen alone, but reversed the potentiation of the action of baclofen produced by both theophylline and isobutylmethylxanthine."	1.27	Clonidine reverses methylxanthine-induced potentiation of baclofen antinociception. ( Sawynok, J; Steardo, L, 1985)
"Both baclofen and clonidine were injected intraperitoneally in all experiments."	1.27	Role of ascending and descending noradrenergic pathways in the antinociceptive effect of baclofen and clonidine. ( Reid, A; Sawynok, J, 1986)
"The main indication was incapacitating spasticity resistant to oral treatment with baclofen and caused by spinal cord injury or lesion (11 patients), multiple sclerosis (11 patients), infantile cerebral palsy (3 patients) and cerebral injury, hypoxia or ischaemia (5 patients)."	1.27	Implanted pump systems for treatment of spasticity. ( Dralle, D; Müller, H; Wurdinger, T; Zierski, J, 1988)
"Acute encephalopathy and an abnormal electroencephalogram with a periodic sharp wave pattern developed in a 58-year-old woman shortly after she received a few doses of baclofen."	1.27	Periodic sharp waves in baclofen-induced encephalopathy. ( Benarroch, EE; Hormes, JT; Klass, DW; Rodriguez, M, 1988)

Research

Studies (143)

Authors

Clinical Trials (6)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Change in Average 10 Meter Time Walking Test (10MTWT) From Baseline to Month 6

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	24 (16.78)	18.7374
1990's	34 (23.78)	18.2507
2000's	47 (32.87)	29.6817
2010's	33 (23.08)	24.3611
2020's	5 (3.50)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Abdel-Hafez, AA	1
Abdel-Wahab, BA	1
Nieto, FR	1
Cobos, EJ	1
Entrena, JM	1
Parra, A	1
García-Granados, A	1
Baeyens, JM	3
Bonouvrié, LA	1
Haberfehlner, H	1
Becher, JG	1
Vles, JSH	1
Vermeulen, RJ	1
Buizer, AI	1
Alamri, A	1
Mostofi, A	1
Aziz, T	1
Pereira, E	1
Stone, SN	1
Wei, D	1
Reger, C	1
Biktimirov, A	1
Bryukhovetskiy, I	1
Sharma, A	1
Sharma, HS	1
Quallo, T	1
Alkhatib, O	1
Gentry, C	3
Andersson, DA	1
Bevan, S	1
Hjartarson, HT	1
Ehrstedt, C	1
Tedroff, K	1
Eek, MN	1
Olsson, K	1
Lindh, K	1
Askljung, B	1
Påhlman, M	1
Corneliusson, O	1
Himmelmann, K	1
Kalyvas, AV	1
Drosos, E	1
Korfias, S	1
Gatzonis, S	1
Themistocleous, M	1
Sakas, DE	1
Creamer, M	1
Cloud, G	1
Kossmehl, P	1
Yochelson, M	1
Francisco, GE	1
Ward, AB	2
Wissel, J	1
Zampolini, M	1
Abouihia, A	1
Calabrese, A	1
Saltuari, L	2
Sriperumbuduri, S	1
Hiremath, S	1
Platt, L	1
Deboer, SR	1
Shenderov, K	1
Probasco, JC	1
Guterman, EL	1
Manesh, R	1
Sperati, CJ	1
Berntsson, SG	1
Gauffin, H	1
Melberg, A	1
Holtz, A	1
Landtblom, AM	1
Zhu, X	1
Kohan, LR	1
Goldstein, RB	1
Barney, CC	1
Merbler, AM	1
Simone, DA	1
Walk, D	1
Symons, FJ	1
Hatem, SM	1
Minooee, K	1
Haviv, Y	1
Zadik, Y	1
Sharav, Y	1
Benoliel, R	1
Keppel Hesselink, JM	1
Kopsky, DJ	1
Sajben, NL	1
Scherkenbach, LA	1
Coles, LD	1
Patterson, EE	1
Cloyd, JC	1
Krach, LE	1
Kriel, RL	1
Blackshaw, LA	1
Bordin, DS	1
Brock, C	1
Brokjaer, A	1
Drewes, AM	1
Farmer, AD	1
Krarup, AL	1
Lottrup, C	1
Masharova, AA	1
Moawad, FJ	1
Olesen, AE	1
Riordan, J	1
Murphy, P	1
Pistoia, F	1
Sacco, S	1
Sarà, M	1
Franceschini, M	1
Carolei, A	1
Beecham, E	1
Candy, B	1
Howard, R	1
McCulloch, R	1
Laddie, J	1
Rees, H	1
Vickerstaff, V	1
Bluebond-Langner, M	1
Jones, L	1
Martins, I	1
Carvalho, P	1
de Vries, MG	1
Teixeira-Pinto, A	1
Wilson, SP	1
Westerink, BHC	1
Tavares, I	1
Bagmetova, VV	1
Krivitskaya, AN	1
Tyurenkov, IN	1
Huang, D	1
Huang, S	2
Peers, C	1
Du, X	1
Zhang, H	1
Gamper, N	1
Bassani, AS	1
Banov, D	1
McCormick, ZL	1
Chu, SK	1
Binler, D	1
Neudorf, D	1
Mathur, SN	1
Lee, J	1
Marciniak, C	1
Zeman, A	1
Hoefeijzers, S	1
Milton, F	1
Dewar, M	1
Carr, M	1
Streatfield, C	1
Hoving, MA	1
van Raak, EP	1
Spincemaille, GH	1
van Kranen-Mastenbroek, VH	1
van Kleef, M	1
Gorter, JW	1
Vles, JS	2
Brennan, PM	1
Whittle, IR	1
Kofler, M	2
Quirbach, E	1
Schauer, R	1
Singer, M	1
Saulino, M	1
Burton, AW	1
Danyo, DA	1
Frost, S	1
Glanzer, J	1
Solanki, DR	1
Landry, M	1
Nagy, F	1
Tambeli, CH	1
Levine, JD	1
Gear, RW	1
Franek, M	1
Vaculin, S	1
van der Plas, AA	1
van Rijn, MA	1
van Hilten, JJ	1
Teasell, RW	1
Mehta, S	1
Aubut, JA	1
Foulon, B	1
Wolfe, DL	1
Hsieh, JT	1
Townson, AF	1
Short, C	1
Silva, JR	1
Silva, ML	1
Prado, WA	1
Wallace, MS	1
Rauck, RL	1
Deer, T	1
Tomas, M	1
Javier, N	1
Liu, LS	1
Shenoy, M	1
Pasricha, PJ	1
Ucar, T	1
Kazan, S	1
Turgut, U	1
Samanci, NK	1
Kumru, H	1
Flores, MC	1
Portell, E	1
Robles, V	1
Leon, N	1
Vidal, J	2
Solaro, C	1
Trabucco, E	1
Messmer Uccelli, M	1
Deseure, K	1
Koek, W	1
Colpaert, FC	1
Adriaensen, H	1
Blednov, YA	1
Stoffel, M	1
Alva, H	1
Harris, RA	1
Dickerman, RD	1
Stevens, QE	1
Schneider, SJ	1
Turner, MS	1
Taira, T	6
Hori, T	3
McCleane, G	1
Takeda, M	1
Tanimoto, T	1
Ikeda, M	1
Kadoi, J	1
Matsumoto, S	1
Dang, K	1
Bowery, NG	2
Urban, L	3
Liu, J	1
Wolfe, D	1
Hao, S	1
Glorioso, JC	1
Mata, M	1
Fink, DJ	1
Ben Smail, D	1
Jacq, C	1
Denys, P	1
Bussel, B	1
Naderi, N	1
Shafaghi, B	1
Khodayar, MJ	1
Zarindast, MR	1
Akada, Y	1
Mori, R	1
Kato, Y	1
Yamasaki, F	1
Mochizuki, H	1
Guillaume, D	1
Van Havenbergh, A	1
Vloeberghs, M	1
Roeste, G	1
Potes, CS	1
Neto, FL	1
Castro-Lopes, JM	1
Guglielmino, A	1
Sorbello, M	1
Fazzio, S	1
Zingale, SF	1
Bucolo, GE	1
Pittalà, G	1
Castiglione, A	1
Patti, F	1
Mangiameli, S	1
Cooper, JA	1
Ridley, B	1
Al Khudhairi, D	1
Rababa, A	1
Saddiqui, MN	1
LaGraize, SC	1
Fuchs, PN	1
Ochiai, T	1
Goto, S	1
Lind, G	1
Schechtmann, G	1
Winter, J	1
Linderoth, B	3
McClelland, S	1
Bethoux, FA	1
Boulis, NM	1
Sutliff, MH	1
Stough, DK	1
Schwetz, KM	1
Gogol, DM	1
Harrison, M	1
Pioro, EP	1
Sadiq, SA	1
Poopatana, CA	1
Müller, H	2
Fafara, A	1
Kwiatkowski, S	1
Kawecka, J	1
Grzegorzewski, P	1
Kawecki, Z	1
Stevenson, VL	1
Sawynok, J	7
Tsai, HY	2
Dickson, C	1
Yaksh, TL	2
Reddy, SV	1
McLeod, JG	1
Corli, O	1
Roma, G	1
Bacchini, M	1
Battagliarin, G	1
Di Piazza, D	1
Brambilla, C	1
Grossi, E	1
Kirubakaran, V	1
Mayfield, D	1
Rengachary, S	1
Kirchner, P	1
Menon, MK	1
Clark, WG	1
Vivonia, C	1
Rahman, AF	1
Takahashi, M	1
Kaneto, H	1
Ocaña, M	2
Del Pozo, E	1
Barrios, M	2
Olausson, B	1
Xu, ZQ	1
Shyu, BC	1
Bennett, MI	1
Tai, YMA	1
Symonds, JM	1
Anghinah, R	1
Oliveira, AS	1
Gabbai, AA	1
Tanikawa, T	3
Kawamura, H	3
Iseki, H	3
Takakura, K	3
Sabbe, MB	1
Grafe, MR	1
Pfeifer, BL	1
Mirzai, TH	1
Sharma, R	1
Mathur, R	1
Nayar, U	1
Suh, HW	1
Song, DK	1
Son, KH	1
Woo, MH	1
Do, JC	1
Choi, YS	1
Lee, KH	1
Kim, YH	1
Kawabatake, H	2
Ueda, A	1
Buritova, J	1
Chapman, V	1
Honoré, P	1
Besson, JM	1
Cui, JG	2
Meyerson, BA	2
Parise, M	1
García-Larrea, L	1
Mertens, P	1
Sindou, M	1
Mauguière, F	1
Nguyen, TT	1
Matsumoto, K	1
Watanabe, H	1
Canavero, S	1
Bonicalzi, V	1
Hammond, DL	1
Nelson, V	1
Thomas, DA	1
Thompson, E	1
Hicks, F	1
Yakhnitsa, V	1
Sollevi, A	1
Segerdahl, M	1
Stiller, CO	1
O'Connor, WT	1
Zarrindast, MR	3
Rezayat, M	2
Ghanipoor, N	1
Parvini, S	2
Tabarrai, E	1
Pirali, M	1
Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Z	2
Aldskogius, H	1
Grant, G	1
Hao, JX	2
Hökfelt, T	1
Xu, XJ	2
Ipponi, A	1
Lamberti, C	1
Medica, A	1
Bartolini, A	1
Malmberg-Aiello, P	1
Fox, A	2
Eastwood, C	1
Manning, D	1
Hara, K	1
Saito, Y	1
Kirihara, Y	1
Yamada, Y	1
Sakura, S	1
Kosaka, Y	1
Chiang, CY	1
Kwan, CL	1
Hu, JW	1
Sessle, BJ	1
Xu, IS	1
Zuniga, RE	1
Schlicht, CR	1
Abram, SE	1
Santos, Tde J	1
de Castro-Costa, CM	1
Giffoni, SD	1
Santos, FJ	1
Ramos, RS	1
Gifoni, MA	1
Iyadomi, M	1
Iyadomi, I	1
Kumamoto, E	1
Tomokuni, K	1
Yoshimura, M	1
Becker, R	2
Uhle, EI	1
Alberti, O	1
Bertalanffy, H	2
Yajima, Y	1
Narita, M	1
Tsuda, M	1
Imai, S	1
Kamei, J	1
Nagase, H	1
Suzuki, T	1
Riley, RC	1
Trafton, JA	1
Chi, SI	1
Basbaum, AI	1
Schuler, V	1
Lüscher, C	1
Blanchet, C	1
Klix, N	1
Sansig, G	1
Klebs, K	1
Schmutz, M	1
Heid, J	1
Spooren, W	1
Jaton, AL	1
Vigouret, J	1
Pozza, M	1
Kelly, PH	1
Mosbacher, J	1
Froestl, W	1
Käslin, E	1
Korn, R	1
Bischoff, S	1
Kaupmann, K	1
van der Putten, H	1
Bettler, B	1
Dohi, S	1
Mahmoudi, M	1
de Louw, AJ	1
de Vente, J	1
Steinbusch, HP	1
Steinbusch, HW	1
Troost, J	1
Schapiro, RT	1
Gatscher, S	1
Uhle, E	1
Kadies, M	1
Ollat, H	1
Herman, RM	1
D'Luzansky, SC	1
Ippolito, R	1
Serrano, I	1
Ruiz, RM	1
Serrano, JS	1
Fernández, A	1
Aley, KO	2
Kulkarni, SK	2
Guo, ZW	1
Tu, SZ	1
Li, WH	1
Chen, J	1
Steardo, L	1
Robertson, G	1
Hwang, AS	1
Wilcox, GL	1
Lin, JG	1
Inoki, R	1
Penn, RD	1
Abelli, L	1
Conte, B	1
Somma, V	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Randomized, Controlled, Open-label, Parallel-group, Multi-center Study to Compare the Effect of Intrathecal Baclofen Therapy Versus Best Medical Treatment on Severe Spasticity in Post-stroke Patients After 6 Months Active Treatment[NCT01032239]	Phase 4	61 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-11-30	Completed
Chronic Postsurgical Pain in Cerebral Palsy[NCT05764681]		500 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2023-03-31	Not yet recruiting
Prospective, Cross Over Gabapentin vs Amitriptyline Study on Patients Suffering From Masticatory Muscle Pain[NCT02339662]	Phase 4	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-02-28	Recruiting
Dexmedetomidine Comme Adjuvant à la rachianesthésie Lors de césariennes électives : Une étude Pilote[NCT05099055]	Phase 3	42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-03-15	Completed
Benefit of Acupuncture Combined to Regional Analgesia for Post Operative Pain Relief After Hysterectomy[NCT06002464]		72 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-09-01	Recruiting
The Use of Penile Vibratory Stimulation to Decrease Spasticity Following Spinal Cord Injury[NCT00223873]		30 participants	Interventional	2002-11-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Change in average 10MTWT from baseline to month 6 beetween ITB and BMT arm. Change=10MTWT at month 6 - 10MTWT at baseline (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6

Change in Average Ashworth Scale (AS) in Affected Lower Extremities From Baseline to Month 6

Intervention	seconds (Mean)
ITB Therapy	4.86
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)	-2.48

"AS is a manual test, measuring the resistance to passive movement about a joint with varying degrees of velocity. Scores range from 1-5, with 5 choices. A score of 1 indicates no resistance, and 5 indicates rigidity. The following muscle groups in the lower extremities were assessed: hip flexors, hip adductors, knee extensors, knee flexors, plantar flexors and ankle-dorsal flexors. Average AS was calculated as the average of AS scores of the 6 muscles of the affected lower extremity. Change in average AS in affected lower extremities from baseline to month 6 between ITB and BMT arm was assessed.~Change= AS at month 6 - AS at baseline." (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6

Change in Average Ashworth Scale (AS) in Affected Upper Extremities From Baseline to Month 6

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
ITB Therapy	-0.99
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)	-0.43

"AS is a manual test, measuring the resistance to passive movement about a joint with varying degrees of velocity. Scores range from 1-5, with 5 choices. A score of 1 indicates no resistance, and 5 indicates rigidity. The following muscle groups in the upper extremities were assessed: wrist flexors, elbow flexors, elbow extensors, shoulder abductors and shoulder adductors. Average AS was calculated as the average of AS scores of the 5 muscles of the affected lower extremities. Change in average AS in affected upper extremities from baseline to month 6 between ITB and BMT arm was assessed.~Change= AS at month 6 - AS at baseline." (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6

Change in Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Score From Baseline to Month 6

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
ITB Therapy	-0.66
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)	-0.17

FIM contains 18 items composed of 13 motor tasks and 5 cognitive tasks. Tasks are rated on a 7-point ordinal scale that ranges from total assistance (or complete dependence) to complete independence. Ratings should reflect actual observed performance, not capability. Total score ranges from 18 (lowest) to 126 (highest) level of independence. Change in FIM total score from baseline to month 6 between ITB and BMT arm was assessed. Change=FIM score at month 6 - FIM score at baseline. (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6

Change in Stroke Specific Quality of Life (SS-QoL ) From Baseline to Month 6

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
ITB Therapy	2.68
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)	-2.58

"SS-QoL questionnaire is a self-assessed quality of life questionnaire specifically designed for post-stroke patients. It evaluates 49 items across 12-domains: personality, energy, language, mobility, vision, upper extremity function, thinking, mood, work/productivity, self-care, and family and social roles. Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert Scale, measuring either positive or negative response to a statement. Summary score is composed of an unweighted average of the 12 domain scores, with higher scores indicating better QoL. Total score ranges from 1 to 5. Change in SS-QoL summary score from baseline to month 6 between ITB and BMT arm was assessed.~Change=SS-QoL score at month 6 - SS-QoL score at baseline." (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6

Change in Euro QoL Group-5 Dimensional, 3 Level Version (EQ-5D-3L) From Baseline to Month 6

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
ITB Therapy	0.26
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)	0.05

"The EQ-5D-3L is a generic measure of health status consisting in the EQ-5D-3L descriptive system and the EQ visual analogue scale (EQ VAS). The EQ-5D-3L descriptive system is characterized on five dimensions: mobility, self-care, ability to undertake usual activities, pain and anxiety/depression. Patients were asked to indicate their level of health on each dimension using one of three levels: no health problems, moderate health problems, and severe health problems. Responses from the questionnaire were converted to a single health index utility score; this ranges from -0.595 to 1. EQ VAS records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale from 0 to 100 where the endpoints are labelled 'Best imaginable health state' (100) and 'Worst imaginable health state' (0). Change in EQ-5D-3L utility score and VAS score from baseline to month 6 between ITB and BMT arm were assessed. Change=EQ-5D-3L utility or VAS score at month 6 - EQ-5D-3L utility or VAS score." (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6

Change in Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) From Baseline to Month 6

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Utility Score	VAS
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)	0.01	4.40
ITB Therapy	0.09	9.68

"NPRS is designed to assess the level of pain a patient is feeling at a point in time. The following questions has been presented to patients: What is your actual spasticity-related or spasm-related pain? What was your least spasticity-related or spasm-related pain during the last week? What was your worst spasticity-related or spasm-related pain during the last week? The patient indicated how much pain he is feeling on a scale from 0 to 10. A score of 0 (zero) is no pain while a score of 10 (ten) is worst possible pain. Change in NPRS related to actual, least or worst pain from baseline to month 6 between ITB and BMT arm was assessed. Change=NPRS at month 6 - NPRS at baseline." (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6

Change in SF-12 (12-item Short Form) From Baseline to Month 6

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Actual pain	Least Pain	Worst Pain
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)	0.00	0.24	-0.04
ITB Therapy	-1.17	-1.61	-1.35

The SF-12 is generic assessment of health-related quality of life, which evaluates 8 health dimensions (physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain, vitality, social functioning, role emotional, mental health, and general health). Subscale scores for each dimension were aggregated into summary scores for physical (PCS) and mental health (MCS) components (ranging from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health). Changes in the PCS and MCS from baseline to Month 6 were both compared between the BMT and ITB arms. Change=SF-12 score at month 6 - SF-12 score at baseline. (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6

Healthcare Resource Utilization

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	PCS	MCS
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)	-1.13	-0.82
ITB Therapy	3.13	1.05

Number of patients with healthcare professional contacts outside of study visits in the ITB and BMT between baseline and months 6 (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: baseline, ITB test (only ITB arm), second assessment (only BMT arm), week 6 (only ITB arm), month 3, month 6

Number of Participants Who Were Able to Transfer From the Wheelchair to Bed Without Human Assistance

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Baseline : general practitioner	Baseline : neurologist	Baseline : nurse (hospital setting)	Baseline : nurse (home care)	Baseline : orthopedic surgeon	Baseline : other	ITB test:general practitioner	ITB test: neurologist	ITB test :other	Second Assessment: general practitioner	Second Assessment: neurologist	Second Assessment: nurse (home care)	Second Assessment: other	week 6: general practitioner	week 6: nurse (hospital setting)	week 6: other	month 3: general practitioner	month 3: neurologist	month 3: other	month 6: general practitioner	month 6: neurologist	month 6: other
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)	8	8	0	1	0	13	NA	NA	NA	5	1	1	4	NA	NA	NA	8	3	9	7	2	11
ITB Therapy	14	4	1	0	3	10	1	1	3	NA	NA	NA	NA	4	2	2	7	1	6	8	3	8

Patient was asked to transfer from the wheelchair to bed without human assistance. High level functional patient (HLP) could transfer. Low level functional patient (LLP) was not able to transfer. Comparison of the number and percentage of HLP and LLP between ITB and BMT arms was evaluated. (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: baseline, month 3, month 6

Therapy Satisfaction

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Baseline72364475	Baseline72364476	Month 372364475	Month 372364476	Month 672364475	Month 672364476
	HLP	LLP
ITB Therapy	22
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)	24
ITB Therapy	9
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)	21
ITB Therapy	6
ITB Therapy	19
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)	19
ITB Therapy	5
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)	5

"Patients were presented with two statements (I am satisfied with the reduction in spasticity provided by my treatment, and I would recommend this therapy to a friend). They agreed, disagreed or were neutral with the statements." (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: month 6

Article	Year
The case for cautious consumption: NSAIDs in chronic kidney disease. Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension, 2019, Volume: 28, Issue:2 Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Baclofen; Cost-Ben	2019
Intrathecal baclofen: effects on spasticity, pain, and consciousness in disorders of consciousness and locked-in syndrome. Current pain and headache reports, 2015, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: Baclofen; Consciousness; Consciousness Disorders; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Injections,	2015
Pharmacological interventions for pain in children and adolescents with life-limiting conditions. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2015, Mar-13, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Alendronate; Baclofen; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Child, Preschool	2015
Intrathecal baclofen therapy for neurological disorders: a sound knowledge base but many challenges remain. British journal of neurosurgery, 2008, Volume: 22, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Catheterization; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationshi	2008
[GABA(B) receptors and sensitization to pain]. Journal de la Societe de biologie, 2009, Volume: 203, Issue:1 Topics: 14-3-3 Proteins; Allosteric Regulation; Animals; Baclofen; Calcium Channels; Calcium-Binding Protein	2009
A systematic review of pharmacologic treatments of pain after spinal cord injury. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2010, Volume: 91, Issue:5 Topics: Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Antidepressive Agents; Baclofen; Cannabinoids; Humans; Pain; Spinal Cor	2010
Ziconotide combination intrathecal therapy: rationale and evidence. The Clinical journal of pain, 2010, Volume: 26, Issue:7 Topics: Analgesics; Baclofen; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; om	2010
Pain and multiple sclerosis: pathophysiology and treatment. Current neurology and neuroscience reports, 2013, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anticonvulsants; Antidepressive Agents; Baclofen; Cannabinoids; Fatigue; Humans;	2013
Intrathecal drug delivery 2002. Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement, 2003, Volume: 87 Topics: Baclofen; Drug Approval; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; Movement	2003
Clinical application of drug pump for spasticity, pain, and restorative neurosurgery: other clinical applications of intrathecal baclofen. Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement, 2003, Volume: 87 Topics: Baclofen; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Dystonia; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Humans; Infusion Pump	2003
Pharmacological management of neuropathic pain. CNS drugs, 2003, Volume: 17, Issue:14 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Anticonvulsants; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Baclofen;	2003
GABAB receptor: a site of therapeutic benefit. Current opinion in pharmacology, 2006, Volume: 6, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Brain; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cognition; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Epileps	2006
Intrathecal baclofen in the treatment of post-stroke central pain, dystonia, and persistent vegetative state. Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement, 2007, Volume: 97, Issue:Pt 1 Topics: Baclofen; Dystonia; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Pain; Persistent Vegetative State; Stroke	2007
Functional effects of spinal baclofen. Przeglad lekarski, 2007, Volume: 64 Suppl 2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Baclofen; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; GABA Agonists	2007
Relief of symptoms in end-stage neurological conditions. British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005), 2007, Volume: 68, Issue:12 Topics: Baclofen; Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; Cognition Disorders; Deglutition Disorders; Humans; Moo	2007
The neurochemistry of central pain: evidence from clinical studies, hypothesis and therapeutic implications. Pain, 1998, Volume: 74, Issue:2-3 Topics: Anesthetics, Intravenous; Baclofen; Cerebral Cortex; GABA Agonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutami	1998
[Non-opioid analgesics in cancer pain]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2001, Volume: 59, Issue:9 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antide	2001
Management of spasticity, pain, and paroxysmal phenomena in multiple sclerosis. Current neurology and neuroscience reports, 2001, Volume: 1, Issue:3 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Autoimmune Diseases; Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Cannabin	2001
The management of pain in spasticity. Disability and rehabilitation, 2002, May-20, Volume: 24, Issue:8 Topics: Administration, Oral; Analgesics; Baclofen; Botulinum Toxins; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Muscle Rel	2002
[Pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain]. Revue neurologique, 1992, Volume: 148, Issue:8-9 Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Anticonvulsants; Antidepressive Agents; Baclofen; Capsaicin; Chronic Disease; Di	1992
Drug pumps for treatment of neurologic diseases and pain. Neurologic clinics, 1985, Volume: 3, Issue:2 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Baclofen; Bethanechol; Bethanechol Compounds; Catheters, Indwelling; Chronic Dise	1985

Article	Year
Attainment of personal goals in the first year of intrathecal baclofen treatment in dyskinetic cerebral palsy: a prospective cohort study. Disability and rehabilitation, 2023, Volume: 45, Issue:8 Topics: Baclofen; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Cohort Studies; Dystonia; Goals; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Muscle	2023
Ultrasound guidance versus landmark guidance for intrathecal baclofen pump refill: A randomized pilot study. PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation, 2023, Volume: 15, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Baclofen; Humans; Pain; Pilot Projects; Ultrasonography; Ultrasonography, Interventional	2023
Neuromodulation and quality of life for patient with spasticity after spinal cord injury. International review of neurobiology, 2023, Volume: 172 Topics: Baclofen; Female; Humans; Male; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle Spasticity; Pain; Quality of Life;	2023
Effect of Intrathecal Baclofen on Pain and Quality of Life in Poststroke Spasticity. Stroke, 2018, Volume: 49, Issue:9 Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Clonidine; Dantrolene; Female; Humans; Infusi	2018
Limitations of intrathecal baclofen for spastic hemiparesis following stroke. Neurorehabilitation and neural repair, 2009, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Baclofen; Child; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; GABA Agonists; Gait Di	2009
A clinical study of intrathecal baclofen using a programmable pump for intractable spasticity. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2005, Volume: 86, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Baclofen; Child; Child, Preschool; Cognition; Female; Humans; Infusion Pump	2005
Drug-enhanced spinal stimulation for pain: a new strategy. Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement, 2007, Volume: 97, Issue:Pt 1 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Follow-Up Studies; GABA A	2007
Intrathecal baclofen for spasticity-related pain in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: efficacy and factors associated with pain relief. Muscle & nerve, 2008, Volume: 37, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Baclofen; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Infusion Pumps	2008
Intrathecal baclofen and morphine in multiple sclerosis patients with severe pain and spasticity. Journal of neurology, 2007, Volume: 254, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Aged; M	2007
Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of baclofen, alone and in combination, in patients undergoing voluntary abortion. Clinical therapeutics, 1984, Volume: 6, Issue:6 Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Baclofen; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diazepam; Dilatation and C	1984
Spinal intrathecal baclofen suppresses central pain after a stroke. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 57, Issue:3 Topics: Baclofen; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Pa	1994
Intrathecal baclofen is analgesic in patients with chronic pain. Anesthesiology, 2000, Volume: 92, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Amputation, Surgical; Baclofen; Cerebral Palsy; Chronic Disease; Female; GABA Agonists; Hemato	2000
Intrathecal baclofen suppresses central pain in patients with spinal lesions. A pilot study. The Clinical journal of pain, 1992, Volume: 8, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; R	1992

Article	Year
5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5,6-dihydro-1,3-oxazepin-7(4H)-one derivatives as lipophilic cyclic analogues of baclofen: design, synthesis, and neuropharmacological evaluation. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 2008, Sep-01, Volume: 16, Issue:17 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Cognition Disorders; Cyclization; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Design;	2008
Antiallodynic and analgesic effects of maslinic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid from Olea europaea. Journal of natural products, 2013, Apr-26, Volume: 76, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Capsaicin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Hyperalgesia; Inflammation; Mice; Molecular	2013
Intrathecal baclofen overdose mimicking brainstem death during deep brain stimulation surgery for pain. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 2022, Volume: 104, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Bradycardia; Brain Stem; Deep Brain Stimulation; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantabl	2022
G protein βγ subunits inhibit TRPM3 ion channels in sensory neurons. eLife, 2017, 08-15, Volume: 6 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Baclofen; Calcium; Capsaicin; CHO Cells; Cricetulus; Electrophysiology;	2017
Intrathecal baclofen treatment an option in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society, 2018, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenoleukodystrophy; Baclofen; Child; Dystonia; Dystonic Disorders; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implant	2018
Intrathecal baclofen in dyskinetic cerebral palsy: effects on function and activity. Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2018, Volume: 60, Issue:1 Topics: Baclofen; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Dystonia; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Motor Activity;	2018
Intrathecal Baclofen Therapy for Painful Muscle Spasms in a Patient with Friedreich's Ataxia. Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery, 2018, Volume: 96, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Baclofen; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Friedreich Ataxia; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Muscle Rel	2018
Egad! Journal of hospital medicine, 2019, Volume: 14, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Baclofen; Colchicine; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Gout; Hallux; Hospitalization; Humans;	2019
Inherited Ataxia and Intrathecal Baclofen for the Treatment of Spasticity and Painful Spasms. Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery, 2019, Volume: 97, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Baclofen; Female; Friedreich Ataxia; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Aged; Mus	2019
Low-Dose Intrathecal Ziconotide for Spasticity From Primary Lateral Sclerosis: A Case Report. A&A practice, 2019, Jul-01, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Motor Neuron Disease; Muscle Spasticity; omega-	2019
Investigating the Feasibility of a Modified Quantitative Sensory Testing Approach to Profile Sensory Function and Predict Pain Outcomes Following Intrathecal Baclofen Implant Surgery in Cerebral Palsy. Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.), 2020, 01-01, Volume: 21, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Baclofen; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Feasibility Studies; Female; Humans; Infusion Pu	2020
Has the time come for using intrathecal baclofen in neuropathic pain? European journal of pain (London, England), 2013, Volume: 17, Issue:7 Topics: Baclofen; Evoked Potentials; Female; Humans; Male; Pain; Pain Perception; Spinal Cord Injuries	2013
Painful traumatic trigeminal neuropathy: an open study on the pharmacotherapeutic response to stepped treatment. Journal of oral & facial pain and headache, 2014,Winter, Volume: 28, Issue:1 Topics: Amines; Amitriptyline; Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Baclofen; Carbamazepine; Clinical Proto	2014
Vulvodynia and proctodynia treated with topical baclofen 5 % and palmitoylethanolamide. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2014, Volume: 290, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Amides; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Anus Diseases; Bacl	2014
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous baclofen in dogs: a preliminary study. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 2014, Volume: 66, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Area Under Curve; Baclofen; Biological Availability; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug	2014
Pharmacologic treatments for esophageal disorders. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2014, Volume: 1325 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Baclofen; Enteric Nervous System; Esophageal Diseases; Gastroesophageal	2014
Intrathecal Pump: An Abrupt Intermittent Pump Failure. Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society, 2015, Volume: 18, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Equipment Failure; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spinal; Male; M	2015
GABA acting on GABAB receptors located in a medullary pain facilitatory area enhances nociceptive behaviors evoked by intraplantar formalin injection. Pain, 2015, Volume: 156, Issue:8 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Disease Models, Animal; Formaldehyde; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; GABA-B Receptor A	2015
Effects of Phenibut and Citrocard on Non-Competitive and Competitive Behavior during Provoked Aggression in Animals. Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 2015, Volume: 159, Issue:1 Topics: Agonistic Behavior; Animal Communication; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Baclofen; Competitive Behavio	2015
GABAB receptors inhibit low-voltage activated and high-voltage activated Ca(2+) channels in sensory neurons via distinct mechanisms. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2015, Sep-18, Volume: 465, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Calcium Channels, N-Type; Calcium Channels, T-Type; Dit	2015
Evaluation of the Percutaneous Absorption of Ketamine HCl, Gabapentin, Clonidine HCl, and Baclofen, in Compounded Transdermal Pain Formulations, Using the Franz Finite Dose Model. Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.), 2016, Volume: 17, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Aged; Amines; Baclofen; Clonidine; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Drug Comp	2016
Intrathecal Versus Oral Baclofen: A Matched Cohort Study of Spasticity, Pain, Sleep, Fatigue, and Quality of Life. PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation, 2016, Volume: 8, Issue:6 Topics: Baclofen; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle	2016
The GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen, contributes to three distinct varieties of amnesia in the human brain - A detailed case report. Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior, 2016, Volume: 74 Topics: Amnesia; Analgesics; Baclofen; Female; Humans; Memory, Episodic; Memory, Short-Term; Middle Aged; Pa	2016
Safety and one-year efficacy of intrathecal baclofen therapy in children with intractable spastic cerebral palsy. European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society, 2009, Volume: 13, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Baclofen; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Impl	2009
Intrathecal ziconotide and baclofen provide pain relief in seven patients with neuropathic pain and spasticity: case reports. European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine, 2009, Volume: 45, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Relaxants, Cen	2009
Centralization of noxious stimulus-induced analgesia (NSIA) is related to activity at inhibitory synapses in the spinal cord. Pain, 2009, Volume: 143, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Baclofen; Capsaicin; Drug Interactions; GABA Agonists; GABA Antagonists; GABA-B	2009
Role of GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen in acute pain modulation during the early postnatal period. Pharmacology, 2009, Volume: 84, Issue:2 Topics: Acute Disease; Age Factors; Animals; Baclofen; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, D	2009
Baclofen-induced chorea in complex regional pain syndrome-related dystonia. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2010, May-15, Volume: 25, Issue:7 Topics: Baclofen; Chorea; Dystonia; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Pain	2010
Analgesia induced by 2- or 100-Hz electroacupuncture in the rat tail-flick test depends on the activation of different descending pain inhibitory mechanisms. The journal of pain, 2011, Volume: 12, Issue:1 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesia; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; A	2011
Persistent non-cancer pain management in the older adult. Medicine and health, Rhode Island, 2010, Volume: 93, Issue:7 Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Baclofen; Drug Thera	2010
The analgesic effects of the GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen, in a rodent model of functional dyspepsia. Neurogastroenterology and motility, 2011, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Baclofen; Disease Models, Animal; Dyspepsia; Electromyography; GABA-A Receptor	2011
Outcomes of intrathecal baclofen (ITB) therapy in spacticity. Turkish neurosurgery, 2011, Volume: 21, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Baclofen; Child; Child, Preschool; Disability Evaluation; Female; Follow-Up Studi	2011
Effect of intrathecal baclofen on evoked pain perception: an evoked potentials and quantitative thermal testing study. European journal of pain (London, England), 2013, Volume: 17, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Baclofen; Evoked Potentials; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Age	2013
The 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist F 13640 attenuates mechanical allodynia in a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain. European journal of pharmacology, 2002, Dec-05, Volume: 456, Issue:1-3 Topics: Aminopyridines; Animals; Baclofen; Behavior, Animal; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relations	2002
A pervasive mechanism for analgesia: activation of GIRK2 channels. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2003, Jan-07, Volume: 100, Issue:1 Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics; Animals; Baclofen; Benzoxazines; Clonidine; Crosses, Genetic; Ethanol; Female	2003
The role of surgical placement and pump orientation in intrathecal pump system failure: a technical report. Pediatric neurosurgery, 2003, Volume: 38, Issue:2 Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Baclofen; Catheters, Indwelling; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Device Removal; Equipme	2003
Activaton of GABAB receptor inhibits the excitability of rat small diameter trigeminal root ganglion neurons. Neuroscience, 2004, Volume: 123, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Cells, Cultured; GABA Agonists; GABA Antagonists; Membrane Potentials; Neurons; P	2004
Interaction of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor type B receptors and calcium channels in nociceptive transmission studied in the mouse hemisected spinal cord in vitro: withdrawal symptoms related to baclofen treatment. Neuroscience letters, 2004, May-06, Volume: 361, Issue:1-3 Topics: Action Potentials; Afferent Pathways; Animals; Baclofen; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels;	2004
Peripherally delivered glutamic acid decarboxylase gene therapy for spinal cord injury pain. Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2004, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Bicuculline; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Ganglia, S	2004
Intrathecal baclofen in the treatment of painful, disabling spasms in Friedreich's ataxia. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2005, Volume: 20, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Electromyography; Friedreich Ataxia; Humans; Male; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Pain;	2005
Interaction between gamma-aminobutyric acid GABAB and cannabinoid CB1 receptors in spinal pain pathways in rat. European journal of pharmacology, 2005, May-09, Volume: 514, Issue:2-3 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Baclofen; Cyclohexanols; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Inter	2005
Analgesic properties of the novel compound M43068 in rat models of acute and neuropathic pain. European journal of pharmacology, 2005, Oct-31, Volume: 523, Issue:1-3 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesics; Animals; Baclofen; Behavior, Animal; Disease Models, Anima	2005
Inhibition of pain behavior by GABA(B) receptors in the thalamic ventrobasal complex: effect on normal rats subjected to the formalin test of nociception. Brain research, 2006, Oct-18, Volume: 1115, Issue:1 Topics: Acute Disease; Analgesics; Animals; Baclofen; Behavior, Animal; Chronic Disease; Disease Models, Ani	2006
Continuous intrathecal baclofen administration by a fully implantable electronic pump for severe spasticity treatment: our experience. Minerva anestesiologica, 2006, Volume: 72, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Aged; Baclofen; Female; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle	2006
Response of intrathecal baclofen resistance to dose reduction. Neurology, 2006, Oct-24, Volume: 67, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Resistance; Dru	2006
Intrathecal baclofen for muscle spasticity and pain--two case reports. Middle East journal of anaesthesiology, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Female; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Aged;	2006
GABAA but not GABAB receptors in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex selectively modulate pain-induced escape/avoidance behavior. Experimental neurology, 2007, Volume: 204, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Baclofen; Bicuculline; Escape Reaction; GABA Agonists; GABA Antagonists	2007
Fifteen year experience of intrathecal baclofen treatment in Japan. Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement, 2006, Volume: 99 Topics: Baclofen; Brain Injuries; Child; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Japan; Male; Muscle Relaxants, Central;	2006
[The parents expectations after baclofen pump implantation in child with severe spasticity in physical rehabilitation and psychological aspects]. Przeglad lekarski, 2007, Volume: 64 Suppl 2 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Baclofen; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hemip	2007
GABAergic mechanisms in antinociception. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 1984, Volume: 8, Issue:4-6 Topics: Alkynes; Aminocaproates; Aminooxyacetic Acid; Analgesics; Animals; Baclofen; Bicuculline; Central Ne	1984
Effect of neuroactive peptides on labeled 5-hydroxytryptamine release from rat spinal cord. Proceedings of the National Science Council, Republic of China. Part B, Life sciences, 1984, Volume: 8, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; beta-Endorphin; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Male; Naloxone; Neuropeptides	1984
D-Baclofen: is it an antagonist at baclofen receptors? Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 1984, Volume: 8, Issue:4-6 Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Baclofen; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Spinal; Male; Pain; Rats; Ra	1984
Studies in the primate on the analgetic effects associated with intrathecal actions of opiates, alpha-adrenergic agonists and baclofen. Anesthesiology, 1981, Volume: 54, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Baclofen; Behavior, Animal; Cats;	1981
When drugs can help in multiple sclerosis. Drugs, 1980, Volume: 19, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Baclofen; Dantrolene; Diazepam; Humans; Immuno	1980
Dyskinesia and psychosis in a patient following baclofen withdrawal. The American journal of psychiatry, 1984, Volume: 141, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Humans; Male; Movement Disorders; Muscle Spasticity; Pain; Paraplegia; Psychoses, S	1984
Monoamines as mediators of the antinociceptive effect of baclofen. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 1983, Volume: 323, Issue:1 Topics: alpha-Methyltyrosine; Analgesics; Animals; Baclofen; Biogenic Amines; Male; Methyltyrosines; Pain; R	1983
[Tasks and problems of general medical care in certain groups of disorders. Patients with mixed (motor and sensory) paralyses--from a neurological viewpoint]. Zeitschrift fur arztliche Fortbildung, 1982, Jun-01, Volume: 76, Issue:11 Topics: Baclofen; Demyelinating Diseases; Diazepam; Electrogalvanism, Intraoral; Exercise Therapy; Hemiplegi	1982
Interaction between phencyclidine (PCP) and GABA-ergic drugs: clinical implications. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1980, Volume: 12, Issue:1 Topics: Aminooxyacetic Acid; Anesthesia; Animals; Baclofen; Dextroamphetamine; Diazepam; Drug Interactions;	1980
Role of GABAergic systems in the development of morphine tolerance in formalin-treated mice. Japanese journal of pharmacology, 1995, Volume: 68, Issue:2 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Baclofen; Bicuculline; Diazepam; Drug Tolerance; Flumazenil; Formaldehy	1995
Subgroups among mu-opioid receptor agonists distinguished by ATP-sensitive K+ channel-acting drugs. British journal of pharmacology, 1995, Volume: 114, Issue:6 Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Baclofen; Benzopyrans; Cromakalim; Female; Mice; N	1995
Dorsal column inhibition of nociceptive thalamic cells mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid mechanisms in the cat. Acta physiologica Scandinavica, 1994, Volume: 152, Issue:3 Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Baclofen; Cats; Dental Pulp; Electric Stimulation; GABA-A Receptor Antag	1994
Staphylococcal meningitis following Synchromed intrathecal pump implant: a case report. Pain, 1994, Volume: 56, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Baclofen; Cerebral Palsy; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spinal; Male;	1994
Effect of baclofen on pain in diabetic neuropathy. Muscle & nerve, 1994, Volume: 17, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Diabetic Neuropathies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pain	1994
Toxicology of baclofen continuously infused into the spinal intrathecal space of the dog. Neurotoxicology, 1993,Winter, Volume: 14, Issue:4 Topics: Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Baclofen; Cardiovascular System; Defecation; Do	1993
GABA B mediated analgesia in tonic pain in monkeys. Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 1993, Volume: 37, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Formaldehyde; Macaca mulatta; Male;	1993
Antinociceptive effect of smilaxin B administered intracerebroventricularly in the mouse. Planta medica, 1996, Volume: 62, Issue:2 Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Baclofen; Cerebral Ventricles; Dizocilpine Maleate; G	1996
A new approach to the control of central deafferentation pain--spinal intrathecal baclofen. Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement, 1995, Volume: 64 Topics: Afferent Pathways; Aged; Baclofen; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug	1995
The contribution of GABAB receptor-mediated events to inflammatory pain processing: carrageenan oedema and associated spinal c-Fos expression in the rat. Neuroscience, 1996, Volume: 73, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Carrageenan; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Edema; GABA Agonists; Gene Express	1996
Cromakalim differentially enhances antinociception induced by agonists of alpha(2)adrenoceptors, gamma-aminobutyric acid(B), mu and kappa opioid receptors. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1996, Volume: 276, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Benzopyrans; Cromakalim; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Mice; Mice, In	1996
Effects of spinal cord stimulation on touch-evoked allodynia involve GABAergic mechanisms. An experimental study in the mononeuropathic rat. Pain, 1996, Volume: 66, Issue:2-3 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Electric Stimulation; GABA Agonists; GABA Antagonists; GABA-A Receptor Agonists;	1996
A new approach to control central deafferentation pain: spinal intrathecal baclofen. Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery, 1995, Volume: 65, Issue:1-4 Topics: Afferent Pathways; Aged; Baclofen; Central Nervous System; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Female; GABA A	1995
Clinical use of polysynaptic flexion reflexes in the management of spasticity with intrathecal baclofen. Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, 1997, Volume: 105, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Infusion Pumps; Injections, Spina	1997
Involvement of supraspinal GABA-ergic systems in clonidine-induced antinociception in the tail-pinch test in mice. Life sciences, 1997, Volume: 61, Issue:11 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Baclofen; Bicuculline; Clonidine; GABA An	1997
Intrathecal methysergide antagonizes the antinociception, but not the hyperalgesia produced by microinjection of baclofen in the ventromedial medulla of the rat. Neuroscience letters, 1998, Mar-13, Volume: 244, Issue:2 Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Baclofen; GABA-B Receptor Antagonists; Hyperalgesia; Injections, Spinal; Male;	1998
Intrathecal baclofen and homeopathy for the treatment of painful muscle spasms associated with malignant spinal cord compression. Palliative medicine, 1998, Volume: 12, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Baclofen; Holistic Health; Homeopathy; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Muscle Relaxants, Cen	1998
Modulation of spinal pain mechanisms by spinal cord stimulation and the potential role of adjuvant pharmacotherapy. Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery, 1997, Volume: 68, Issue:1-4 Pt 1 Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Baclofen; Behavior, Animal; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Combined Modality Therapy; D	1997
Interactions between antinociception induced by cholecystokinin antagonists and GABA agonists in the tail-flick test. Pharmacology & toxicology, 1998, Volume: 83, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Benzodiazepinones; Devazepide; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interaction	1998
Effects of CCK antagonists on GABA mechanism-induced antinociception in the formalin test. European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 1999, Volume: 9, Issue:1-2 Topics: Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; F	1999
Central inhibitory dysfunctions: mechanisms and clinical implications. The Behavioral and brain sciences, 1997, Volume: 20, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Central Nervous System; Cholecystokinin; GABA Agonists; Hormone Antagonists; Indo	1997
Tiagabine antinociception in rodents depends on GABA(B) receptor activation: parallel antinociception testing and medial thalamus GABA microdialysis. European journal of pharmacology, 1999, Mar-05, Volume: 368, Issue:2-3 Topics: Abdomen; Animals; Baclofen; Constriction, Pathologic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Escape React	1999
Critical evaluation of the streptozotocin model of painful diabetic neuropathy in the rat. Pain, 1999, Volume: 81, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetic Neuropathies; Disease Models, Animal; H	1999
The interaction of antinociceptive effects of morphine and GABA receptor agonists within the rat spinal cord. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1999, Volume: 89, Issue:2 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Baclofen; Colon; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; D	1999
Effects of GABA receptor antagonist on trigeminal caudalis nociceptive neurons in normal and neonatally capsaicin-treated rats. Journal of neurophysiology, 1999, Volume: 82, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Baclofen; Bicuculline; Brain Mapping; Capsaicin; Functional Laterality; G	1999
Effects of intrathecal morphine, clonidine and baclofen on allodynia after partial sciatic nerve injury in the rat. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1999, Volume: 43, Issue:10 Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Baclofen; Clonidine; Cold Temperature; Dose-Response Relati	1999
The effect of baclofen on spontaneous and evoked behavioural expression of experimental neuropathic chronic pain. Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria, 1999, Volume: 57, Issue:3B Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Behavior, Animal; Chronic Disease; GABA Agonists; Male; Naloxone; Narcotic Antago	1999
Presynaptic inhibition by baclofen of miniature EPSCs and IPSCs in substantia gelatinosa neurons of the adult rat spinal dorsal horn. Pain, 2000, Volume: 85, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrophysiology; Evoked Potentials; Excitator	2000
Continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion in the management of central deafferentation pain. Journal of pain and symptom management, 2000, Volume: 20, Issue:5 Topics: Baclofen; Female; GABA Agonists; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis, Chroni	2000
Modulation of NMDA- and (+)TAN-67-induced nociception by GABA(B) receptors in the mouse spinal cord. Life sciences, 2000, Dec-29, Volume: 68, Issue:6 Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Baclofen; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Ami	2000
Presynaptic regulation of spinal cord tachykinin signaling via GABA(B) but not GABA(A) receptor activation. Neuroscience, 2001, Volume: 103, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Male; Neurons; Nocice	2001
Epilepsy, hyperalgesia, impaired memory, and loss of pre- and postsynaptic GABA(B) responses in mice lacking GABA(B(1)). Neuron, 2001, Jul-19, Volume: 31, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Avoidance Learning; Baclofen; Body Temperature Regulation; Delta Rhythm;	2001
GABA mechanisms and antinociception in mice with ligated sciatic nerve. Pharmacology & toxicology, 2001, Volume: 89, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Bicuculline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; GABA Agonists;	2001
Baclofen inhibits ANP-mediated cyclic GMP synthesis in the rat cervical spinal cord. Neuroscience letters, 2002, Mar-15, Volume: 321, Issue:1-2 Topics: Aging; Animals; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Baclofen; Cervical Vertebrae; Cyclic GMP; GABA Agonists;	2002
Combined intrathecal baclofen and morphine infusion for the treatment of spasticity related pain and central deafferentiation pain. Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement, 2002, Volume: 79 Topics: Afferent Pathways; Analgesics, Opioid; Baclofen; Central Nervous System Diseases; Denervation; Drug	2002
GABAergic and cholinergic mediation in the antinociceptive action of homotaurine. General pharmacology, 1992, Volume: 23, Issue:3 Topics: Acetates; Acetic Acid; Analgesics; Animals; Baclofen; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Immersion; Male; Mice	1992
Baclofen analgesia in mice: a GABAB-mediated response. Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology, 1991, Volume: 13, Issue:10 Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Baclofen; Female; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; Male; Mice; Naloxone; Organophosp	1991
[Studies of synthesis and structure-activity relationships of analogs of the muscle relaxant--baclofen]. Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica, 1990, Volume: 25, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Female; Male; Mice; Muscle Relaxation; Pain; Receptors, GABA-A; Sensory Threshold	1990
Clonidine reverses methylxanthine-induced potentiation of baclofen antinociception. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1985, Volume: 22, Issue:5 Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Animals; Baclofen; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Male; Neural Pathways;	1985
Desensitization to substance P following intrathecal injection. A technique for investigating the role of substance P in nociception. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 1985, Volume: 331, Issue:2-3 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sensory Thr	1985
Intradermal hypertonic saline-induced behavior as a nociceptive test in mice. Life sciences, 1986, Jun-30, Volume: 38, Issue:26 Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Baclofen; Behavior, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Inj	1986
Further evidence for possible analgesic mechanism of electroacupuncture: effects on neuropeptides and serotonergic neurons in rat spinal cord. Japanese journal of pharmacology, 1989, Volume: 49, Issue:2 Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Analgesia, Epidural; Animals; Baclofen; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalin, Methi	1989
GABAergic agents-induced antinociceptive effect in mice. Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology, 1989, Volume: 11, Issue:10 Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Baclofen; Bicuculline; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Male; Mice; Morphine; M	1989
A method for studying pain arising from the urinary bladder in conscious, freely-moving rats. The Journal of urology, 1989, Volume: 141, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Behavior, Animal; Consciousness; Female; Morphine; Nociceptors; Pain; Rats; Sensa	1989
Baclofen activates two distinct receptors in the rat spinal cord and guinea pig ileum. Neuropharmacology, 1986, Volume: 25, Issue:7 Topics: Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Neutral; Animals; Baclofen; Ileum; Male; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains;	1986
Neurobehavioral, neuroendocrine and neurochemical effects of zinc supplementation in rats. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 1986, Volume: 203 Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Baclofen; Behavior, Animal; beta-Endorphin; Brain; Diazepam; E	1986
Role of ascending and descending noradrenergic pathways in the antinociceptive effect of baclofen and clonidine. Brain research, 1986, Oct-29, Volume: 386, Issue:1-2 Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Baclofen; Central Nervous System; Clonidine; Efferent Pathways; Hydroxyd	1986
Implanted pump systems for treatment of spasticity. Acta neurochirurgica. Supplementum, 1988, Volume: 43 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Baclofen; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Administration Schedule; Equipment	1988
[Potentiation concept in pharmacology]. Minerva anestesiologica, 1988, Volume: 54, Issue:4 Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Animals; Baclofen; Clomipramine; Diazepam; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combin	1988
Periodic sharp waves in baclofen-induced encephalopathy. Archives of neurology, 1988, Volume: 45, Issue:7 Topics: Baclofen; Brain Diseases; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Muscular Diseases; Pa	1988
An antinociceptive profile of kojic amine: an analogue of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Neuropharmacology, 1987, Volume: 26, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Atropine; Atropine Derivatives; Baclofen; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Isoxazoles; Male; Mice;	1987

baclofen and Ache