bacampicillin and Respiratory-Tract-Infections

Topics: Adult; Ampicillin; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Male; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Respiratory Tract Infections; Urinary Tract Infections

Sultamicillin is a substance in which sulbactam, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, is covalently linked through an ester group to ampicillin. This paper describes the results of a clinical trial with sultamicillin in the infectious diseases encountered in internal medicine. In an open segment of the trial, 426 adult patients were treated orally with sultamicillin. The efficacy rates achieved were 86.1% (136/158) in acute respiratory infections, 67.5% (137/203) in chronic respiratory infections, 92.9% (39/42) in acute urinary tract infections, 76.9% (10/13) in chronic urinary tract infections, and 70.0% (7/10) in other types of infections. The bacteriological efficacy of sultamicillin was 83.8% (62/74) for Gram-positive and 74.0% (159/215) for Gram-negative bacteria. Efficacy was similar, 81% (17/21), for those strains that were high producers of beta-lactamase. Adverse reactions were observed in 10.1% of the patients in the open phase of the trial. In the double-blind segment, sultamicillin was compared with bacampicillin in respiratory infections, including pneumonia, lung abscesses, and chronic respiratory tract infections. One tablet of either drug was given orally three times a day for 14 d. Evaluation of clinical effectiveness by the trial committee revealed efficacy rates of 82.8% (96/116) for sultamicillin and 69.8% (81/116) for bacampicillin, indicating a significant superiority for sultamicillin. All of this difference resulted from the superior efficacy of sultamicillin (89.2%) over that of bacampicillin (63.2%) in patients with chronic respiratory infections. Efficacy in pneumonia was the same for both agents. Adverse reactions to sultamicillin and bacampicillin were observed in 16.3% (21/129) and 6.3% (8/127) of the cases, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Bacterial Infections; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Middle Aged; Respiratory Tract Infections; Safety; Sulbactam; Urinary Tract Infections

Nine hundred and eleven patients were admitted to a multicentre trial with bacampicillin (Penglobe) in respiratory tract infections. Of these it was possible to evaluate 830 with respect to efficacy and side-effects. In most cases a dosage of 400 mg X 2 was used but in severe cases 800 mg X 2 was used. The clinical outcome was assessed as good for 79% of the patients, while 17% showed an improvement and 3% a failure. The tolerance was good with an over-all incidence of 8% side-effects, of which dyspepsia was the most common.

Topics: Ampicillin; Belgium; Bronchitis; Bronchopneumonia; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Eruptions; Drug Tolerance; Dyspepsia; Family Practice; Humans; Otitis Media; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tonsillitis

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Penicillanic Acid; Penicillin Resistance; Pneumonia; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sulbactam

A clinical trial of bacampicillin was carried out in 20 patients. The antibiotic was found to be effective in acute lobar pneumonia, pyogenic meningitis, acute and chronic bronchitis, acute pharyngitis, acute tonsillitis, cellulitis, furunculosis, and pyomyositis caused by such ampicillin-sensitive organisms as Neisseria meningitidis, Diplococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. Rash in three patients was the only side effect encountered. It is concluded that while bacampicillin may have overcome some of the disadvantages of ampicillin, it retains its main attributes and some shortcomings.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Bacterial Infections; Bronchitis; Cellulitis; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Furunculosis; Haemophilus Infections; Humans; Male; Meningitis; Middle Aged; Pharyngitis; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal; Respiratory Tract Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Tonsillitis

The tolerability of tablets containing the ampicillin esters, pivampicillin and bacampicillin were compared clinically in 138 patients and by gastroscopy in 2 healthy volunteers. The clinical study showed no difference in tolerability, 26% of patients taking pivampicillin and 23% of those taking bacampicillin reported side-effects. Both preparations were equally effective clinically: 94% of patients taking pivampicillin and 91% of those taking bacampicillin were cured or improved. Gastroscopy showed that the pivampicillin tablets disintegrated more rapidly (10 minutes) than bacampicillin tablets (36 minutes). After disintegration, the pivampicillin tablets covered a larger area of the gastric mucosa than did tablets of bacampicillin.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pivampicillin; Prostatitis; Respiratory Tract Infections; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Ampicillin; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Male; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Respiratory Tract Infections; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Amoxicillin; Ampicillin; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Humans; Respiratory Tract Infections; Spain

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ampicillin; Bacterial Infections; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Respiratory Tract Infections; Urinary Tract Infections

Clinical research was conducted to evaluate the comparative therapeutic efficacy in respiratory pathology of 800 mg X 2 per diem bacampicillin v. 1000 mg X 2 per diem amoxicillin, both orally administered. The results were more or less identical and are interpreted as indicating the better constant absorption of the precursor, hence its higher concentration gradient that produces a higher antibiotic concentration in the lungs.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amoxicillin; Ampicillin; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bronchitis; Bronchopneumonia; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Respiratory Tract Infections

The aim of the study was to evaluate two essentially different methods of assessing differences in children's taste preferences with regard to five different paediatric penicillin formulations. The study was performed with a parallel group design comparing five groups. A taste evaluation was recorded in 103 children with upper respiratory tract infections after a single therapeutic test dose. First the patient's own spontaneous verbal judgement was recorded then a judgement was arrived at using a hedonic scale of facial expressions. Both judgements were passed immediately and also 3-4 minutes after the test dose. In the children who were 6 years of age or younger, a better discrimination of taste differences between formulations was achieved by using the patients' own spontaneous verbal judgements instead of the facial hedonic method. Both methods seem appropriate in older children, but the hedonic scale is preferable since its use implies a more standardised procedure.

Topics: Ampicillin; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Facial Expression; Female; Humans; Male; Penicillins; Psychology, Child; Respiratory Tract Infections; Taste; Verbal Behavior

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Female; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Radiography; Respiratory Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Humans; Respiratory Tract Infections

Bacampicillin is a recently synthesized prodrug of ampicillin. It differs from ampicillin in having an ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl group attached to the carboxyl group in C3 of the penicillin nucleus, thus forming an ester with higher bioavailability than ampicillin. The present study was carried out in 30 patients suffering from acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Bacampicillin was administered orally according to the following outline: Group A--800 mg, group B--1,200 mg, and group C--1,800 mg. The peak mean serum levels were 9.50, 12.07, and 15.83 micrograms/ml, respectively, and were reached in one hour with all doses. The peak mean bronchial mucus levels were 0.49, 0.62, and 0.95 micrograms/ml, respectively, and were achieved in four hours with all doses. During the eight hours after administration of the antibiotic, 71%, 68%, and 73% of the administered doses were excreted in the urine. Blood levels versus time curve were interpreted in terms of a one-compartment open model. Bronchial mucus and serum peaks were in good correlation with progressive doses.

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biological Availability; Bronchi; Humans; Kinetics; Models, Biological; Mucus; Respiratory Tract Infections; Time Factors