bacampicillin and Haemophilus-Infections

A clinical trial of bacampicillin was carried out in 20 patients. The antibiotic was found to be effective in acute lobar pneumonia, pyogenic meningitis, acute and chronic bronchitis, acute pharyngitis, acute tonsillitis, cellulitis, furunculosis, and pyomyositis caused by such ampicillin-sensitive organisms as Neisseria meningitidis, Diplococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. Rash in three patients was the only side effect encountered. It is concluded that while bacampicillin may have overcome some of the disadvantages of ampicillin, it retains its main attributes and some shortcomings.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Bacterial Infections; Bronchitis; Cellulitis; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Furunculosis; Haemophilus Infections; Humans; Male; Meningitis; Middle Aged; Pharyngitis; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal; Respiratory Tract Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Tonsillitis

Topics: Ampicillin; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Haemophilus Infections; Humans

The clinical manifestations of Haemophilus influenzae infections and the growing problem of ampicillin-resistant strains are reviewed. Despite the fact that approximately 25 percent of H. influenzae are resistant to penicillin and ampicillin, oral aminopenicillins (ampicillin, amoxicillin, bacampicillin, and cyclacillin) are commonly used for the outpatient management of these infections. The characteristics of these drugs and the rationale for their use are discussed and compared with alternative approaches to therapy. This subject requires periodic review in consideration of the increasing prevalence of ampicillin and multiple antibiotic resistance among H. influenzae isolates.

Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Clavulanic Acids; Cyclacillin; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Infant; Male; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins

The purpose of the study was to select the minimum effective dose of bacampicillin in a systematic dose-response study in hospitalised patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. In all 37 patients Haemophilus influenzae or H. parainfluenzae was isolated from purulent sputum before treatment with 400, 800 or 1200 mg of bacampicillin twice daily for 10 days. There was a significant relationship between the administered dose and clinical results at the end of treatment (P less than 0.01) as well as 1 week later (P less than 0.02). The results show that bacampicillin given twice daily is effective in the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, with a minimum effective dose of 800 mg twice daily. A rash was noted in one patient.

Topics: Ampicillin; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Haemophilus Infections; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Sputum