bacampicillin and Acute-Disease

In randomized, double-blind trials of antibiotic therapy for acute otitis media that determined both clinical and bacteriologic outcomes, clinical success rates were (93%) 236 of 253 for patients with bacteriologic success, (62%) 25 of 40 for those with bacteriologic failure, and (80%) 124 of 155 for those with nonbacterial acute otitis media. These rates were used to calculate the effectiveness of three strategies for assessing drug efficacy: (1) tympanocentesis and culture before and during therapy (bacteriologic efficacy), (2) tympanocentesis before therapy and assessment of clinical efficacy in bacterial acute otitis media, and (3) no tympanocentesis and assessment of clinical efficacy in clinical (total) acute otitis media. For a drug with a bacteriologic efficacy of 100%, calculated clinical efficacy was 93% for bacterial acute otitis media and 89% for clinical acute otitis media. For a drug with bacteriologic efficacy of 27%, a rate consistent with no antibacterial therapy, efficacy was 71% for bacterial acute otitis media and 74% for clinical acute otitis media. We conclude that if efficacy is measured by symptomatic response, drugs with excellent antibacterial activity will appear less efficacious than they really are and drugs with poor antibacterial activity will appear more efficacious than they really are. The predominant phenomenon is that drugs with poor antibacterial activity will appear to be clinically effective in the treatment of acute otitis media.

Topics: Acute Disease; Amoxicillin; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; Cefaclor; Cefixime; Cefotaxime; Clavulanic Acid; Clavulanic Acids; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Efficiency; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Infant; Male; Moraxella catarrhalis; Otitis Media; Punctures; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Treatment Outcome; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Tympanic Membrane

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Ampicillin; Bronchitis; Female; Humans; Male

Topics: Acute Disease; Amoxicillin; Ampicillin; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Infant; Otitis Media; Otitis Media with Effusion

The clinical effect and the penetration of ampicillin into sinus secretion after oral administration of bacampicillin was studied in 47 patients with acute maxillary sinusitis allocated at random in treatment with 400 mg bacampicillin 3 times or 1200 mg twice daily. The overall clinical effect was similar and was assessed as "good" in 23/25 patients treated with 400 mg doses and in 19/22 treated with 1200 mg. Adverse reactions were reported by 4 patients. The concentrations of ampicillin obtained in sinus secretion were proportional to the dose given. The highest values after 400 mg bacampicillin were approximately 0.6 mg/l and after 1200 mg about 2 mg/l. Both dosages are applicable to treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Age Factors; Ampicillin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Maxillary Sinus; Middle Aged; Radiography; Sex Factors; Sinusitis

We studied the concentration of ampicillin (ABPC) into middle ear effusions after administration of bacampicillin (BAPC). Nine patients with acute purulent otitis media were given orally single doses of the drug at a level of 10 mg/kg, and concentrations of ABPC which is the active antibiotic metabolite of BAPC were determined in middle ear effusions periodically after the administration. Bacteria present in effusions were identified, and their ability to produce beta-lactamase was also determined. ABPC concentrations in middle ear effusions were inversely related to the ability of bacteria detected from the intratympanic cavity to produce beta-lactamase. ABPC concentrations in middle ear effusions from which only beta-lactamase negative organisms were detected were higher by 5.2- and 2.3- fold at 60 and 120 minutes after the administration of BAPC, respectively, than those in effusions from which beta-lactamase positive organisms were detected. ABPC concentrations achieved in middle ear effusions in cases where only beta-lactamase negative organisms were detected exceeded MIC80's of the drug against main causative bacteria of acute purulent otitis media such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Haemophilus influenzae. Because only 10% or less of these species produces beta-lactamase, BAPC appears to be one of the highly effective drugs in the treatment of this disease.

Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Ampicillin; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Ear, Middle; Exudates and Transudates; Female; Humans; Male; Otitis Media; Otitis Media, Suppurative

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Ampicillin; Gingivitis; Humans; Middle Aged; Periapical Periodontitis

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Laryngitis; Lymphadenitis; Male; Middle Aged; Otitis Externa; Pharyngitis; Sinusitis; Tonsillitis

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Female; Humans; Male; Maxillary Sinus; Middle Aged; Sinusitis

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Bronchitis; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sinusitis

Clinical study on bacampicillin (BAPC) granules was performed in 20 children with infectious diseases. Patients treated with BAPC granules were 10 cases of scarlet fever, 3 cases of pertussis, 3 cases of Salmonella enteritis and 4 cases of acute enteritis. Clinical results were excellent in 2, good in 9, fair in 3, poor in 4 and unknown in 2. No side effect was observed.

Topics: Acute Disease; Ampicillin; Child; Child, Preschool; Dosage Forms; Enteritis; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Salmonella Infections; Scarlet Fever; Whooping Cough

We investigated bacampicillin (BAPC) granules in the field of pediatrics. 1) Average serum levels after administration of BAPC granules at a dose of 10 mg/kg as ABPC were 6.8 mug/ml at 1 hour, 1.4 mug/ml at 6 hours. Average urinary excretion rate till 6 hours was 84.5%. Those results were almost same as those obtained with BAPC tablet. 2) We treated patients with acute tonsillitis, lacunar tonsillitis and acute bronchitis by BAPC granules at a dose of 30 approximately 40 mg potency/kg for 3 approximately 5 days, and excellent results were obtained. 3) In the case of streptococcal infections including scarlet fever, pharyngeal streptococci disappeared 1 approximately 2 days after administration and did not reappeared. 4) BAPC granules were easy to intake for children and no abnormal laboratory finding was observed. 5) BAPC granules seem to be useful for treatment of pediatric infections.

Topics: Acute Disease; Ampicillin; Bronchitis; Dosage Forms; Humans; Scarlet Fever; Tonsillitis

In an open multicentre study of bacampicillin (Penglobe), a new orally well absorb ed prodrug of ampicillin, 516 patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis or pneumonia were treated by a group of Belgian pneumologists or internists. Bacampicillin was given in a dosage regimen of 400 mg or 800 mg three times daily. In patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis the clinical success rate was high, over 95% in both groups. An improvement in the sputum purulence score was seen in 93% of the patients with an initially purulent sputum and 69% had a normal mucoid sputum at follow-up. The clinical success rate in patients with pneumonia was also similar in both dosage groups with success rates over 96%. The total number of patients with adverse reactions was not more than 5-4%, of which the majority were considered mild or moderate. Each type of side-effect occurred in a frequency of 1-2% or less. There were no differences between the two dosage regiments as regards the frequency of side-effects indicates a remarkably good tolerance of bacampicillin also with the higher dosage.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumonia