azlocillin and Escherichia-coli-Infections

Topics: Agranulocytosis; Azlocillin; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Fever; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Neutropenia; Penicillins; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Ticarcillin

The activities of azlocillin, cefotaxime, and amikacin alone and in combination were evaluated in in vitro checkerboard studies, in infected neutropenic mice, and in human volunteers. The combination of cefotaxime plus amikacin was more synergistic in vitro than the others against the Enterobacteriaceae tested, and the combination of azlocillin plus amikacin was more synergistic against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Survival of neutropenic mice infected with Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively, was greater with azlocillin plus amikacin (24 of 40 and 11 of 40) and with cefotaxime plus amikacin (21 of 40 and 17 of 40) than with azlocillin plus cefotaxime (22 of 40 and 3 of 40; P less than 0.05). Median serum bactericidal activity in volunteers receiving these antibiotics alone and in combination was greater than or equal to 1:8 with most agents and with all combinations tested against 10 strains each of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus. These data suggest that clinical trials with combinations of azlocillin or cefotaxime plus amikacin deserve further study in febrile neutropenic patients.

Topics: Amikacin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azlocillin; Cefotaxime; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Klebsiella; Klebsiella Infections; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Penicillins; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Serratia; Staphylococcus aureus

A significant decrease in resistance to infections caused by gramnegative pathogens was observed in mice with neutropenia induced by cytostatics. Efficacy of schemes for combined chemotherapy with beta-lactams, aminoglycosides and a novel peptide antibiotic was studied on model infections in mice with neutropenia. In the neutropenic mice with sepsis caused by Pseudomonas the peptide antibiotic administered parenterally in a single dose of 50 micrograms/kg provided high therapeutic activity. In combination with azlocillin, cefotaxime and amikacin the peptide antibiotic has a synergistic therapeutic action.

Topics: Agranulocytosis; Amikacin; Animals; Azlocillin; Cefotaxime; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Escherichia coli Infections; Immune Tolerance; Klebsiella Infections; Mice; Neutropenia; Opportunistic Infections; Pseudomonas Infections

Combined action in vitro and in vivo of ureidopenicillins (azlocillin and mezlocillin) with sisomicin has been studied with employment of strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In vitro effects of these combinations were most spectacular with Pseudomonas aeruginosa; azlocillin and sisomicin were potently synergistic. Other tested microorganisms reacted also but less markedly. Evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of ureidopenicillins combined with sisomicin was performed on 90 rabbits, infected intravenously with heavy inocula. Synergistic action has been confirmed in vivo during treatment of infections evoked by Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Therapy of these infections may be successful with doses of azlocillin or mezlocillin combined with sisomicin diminished by half, as compared with treatment of these infections with above antibiotics applied singly. Further decrease of sisomicin dosage in combined therapy of P. aeruginosa infections with ureidopenicillin is possible.

Topics: Animals; Azlocillin; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Mezlocillin; Penicillins; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Rabbits; Sisomicin

The therapeutic efficacy of azlocillin, mezlocillin, cephalotin, and sisomicin was evaluated by experimental infection in rabbits. After one hour following infection with Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, antibiotics were applied intramuscularly. Colony-forming units were counted before the infection and every day thereafter. Leukocytosis was determined before infection and 3 and 7 days after initiation of therapy. Therapy with antibiotics was continued for seven days, rabbits sacrificed and CFU/g tissue determined. It was shown that in experimental infection caused by E. coli or K. pneumoniae in rabbits, sisomicin was most effective, followed by mezlocillin, azlocillin, and cephalotin. Efficacy of therapy against P. aeruginosa was as follows: sisomicin, azlocillin, mezlocillin.

Topics: Animals; Azlocillin; Cephalothin; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Escherichia coli Infections; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Mezlocillin; Penicillins; Pseudomonas Infections; Rabbits; Sisomicin