azathioprine has been researched along with Virus Diseases in 52 studies
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.
Virus Diseases: A general term for diseases caused by viruses.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "The incidence of viral infections was 53." | 2.71 | Does mycophenolate mofetil increase the incidence of infections in renal transplant recipients? ( Agafonova, S; Budnikova, N; Pasov, S; Prokopenko, E; Scherbakova, E; Vatazin, A, 2005) |
| "In group 1, however, a higher number of viral infections and steroid-related side effects was noted." | 2.68 | Long-term outcome after switch from cyclosporine-based triple-drug immunosuppression to double therapy at three months. ( Aichberger, C; Eberl, T; Königsrainer, A; Margreiter, R; Ofner, D; Pernthaler, H; Riedmann, B, 1996) |
| "Azathioprine is a useful drug in severe JCA, with a sustained effect and acceptable side effects." | 2.68 | Azathioprine in patients with juvenile chronic arthritis: a longterm followup study. ( Aho, K; Isomäki, H; Kautiainen, H; Savolainen, HA; Verronen, P, 1997) |
| "Myocarditis is defined as inflammation of the myocardium accompanied by myocellular necrosis." | 2.49 | Corticosteroids for viral myocarditis. ( Chen, HS; Liu, JP; Wang, W; Wu, SN, 2013) |
| "Myocarditis is the inflammation of the myocardial tissue, primarily caused by viral infection." | 1.43 | [Effect of immune therapy in the prognosis of viral myocarditis in pediatric patients]. ( González-Espinosa, AM; López-Gallegos, D; Márquez-González, H; Yáñez-Gutiérrez, L; Zamudio-López, JO, 2016) |
| "Etiology and pathogenesis of Crohn's disease, the incidence of which seems to be increasing lately, are still unknown." | 1.26 | [Clinical features of inflammatory bowel disease (author's transl)]. ( Classen, M; Leuschner, U; Strohm, WD, 1982) |
| "Patterns of infection are recognized, and this should enable the physician to plan a meaningful course of action when infection occurs in the compromised host." | 1.25 | Infections in the immunosuppressed patient. ( O'Loughlin, JM, 1975) |
| "Azathioprine was best tolerated, but gave only medium results whereas procarbazine, as a very potent drug, had the highest rate of side effects (especially depression of bone marrow, infections, gastrointestinal manifestations etc." | 1.25 | [Side effects in immunosuppressive therapy]. ( Thumb, N, 1975) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 35 (67.31) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 9 (17.31) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 4 (7.69) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 4 (7.69) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Chen, HS | 1 |
| Wang, W | 1 |
| Wu, SN | 1 |
| Liu, JP | 1 |
| Márquez-González, H | 1 |
| López-Gallegos, D | 1 |
| González-Espinosa, AM | 1 |
| Zamudio-López, JO | 1 |
| Yáñez-Gutiérrez, L | 1 |
| Guillevin, L | 1 |
| Pagnoux, C | 1 |
| McKiernan, PJ | 1 |
| Meggitt, SJ | 1 |
| Anstey, AV | 1 |
| Mohd Mustapa, MF | 1 |
| Reynolds, NJ | 1 |
| Wakelin, S | 1 |
| Prokopenko, E | 1 |
| Scherbakova, E | 1 |
| Vatazin, A | 1 |
| Pasov, S | 1 |
| Budnikova, N | 1 |
| Agafonova, S | 1 |
| Leuschner, U | 1 |
| Strohm, WD | 1 |
| Classen, M | 1 |
| Light, JA | 1 |
| Biggers, JA | 1 |
| Alijani, MR | 1 |
| Smith, M | 1 |
| Oddendino, K | 1 |
| McDonald, WI | 1 |
| Schellekens, H | 2 |
| Smiers-de Vreede, E | 1 |
| de Reus, A | 1 |
| Dijkema, R | 1 |
| Harris, KR | 1 |
| Saeed, AA | 1 |
| Digard, NJ | 1 |
| Gosling, DC | 1 |
| Leppington, LT | 1 |
| Slapak, M | 1 |
| Malagó, M | 1 |
| Rogiers, X | 1 |
| Wadström, J | 1 |
| Burdelski, M | 1 |
| Broelsch, CE | 1 |
| Aichberger, C | 1 |
| Eberl, T | 1 |
| Riedmann, B | 1 |
| Pernthaler, H | 1 |
| Ofner, D | 1 |
| Königsrainer, A | 1 |
| Margreiter, R | 1 |
| Bridges, ND | 1 |
| Mallory, GB | 1 |
| Huddleston, CB | 1 |
| Canter, CE | 1 |
| Spray, TL | 1 |
| Lesnoni La Parola, I | 1 |
| Masini, C | 1 |
| Nanni, G | 1 |
| Diociaiuti, A | 1 |
| Panocchia, N | 1 |
| Cerimele, D | 1 |
| Savolainen, HA | 1 |
| Kautiainen, H | 1 |
| Isomäki, H | 1 |
| Aho, K | 1 |
| Verronen, P | 1 |
| Vela, C | 1 |
| Cristol, JP | 1 |
| Chong, G | 1 |
| Okamba, A | 1 |
| Lorho, R | 1 |
| Mion, C | 1 |
| Mourad, G | 1 |
| Tareeva, IE | 1 |
| Shilov, EM | 1 |
| Krasnova, TN | 1 |
| Kozlovskaia, LV | 1 |
| Shvetsov, MIu | 1 |
| Ianushkevich, TN | 1 |
| Samokishina, NA | 1 |
| Bernabeu-Wittel, M | 1 |
| Naranjo, M | 1 |
| Cisneros, JM | 1 |
| Cañas, E | 1 |
| Gentil, MA | 1 |
| Algarra, G | 1 |
| Pereira, P | 1 |
| González-Roncero, FJ | 1 |
| de Alarcón, A | 1 |
| Pachón, J | 1 |
| McClure, PD | 1 |
| Spencer, ES | 1 |
| Andersen, HK | 1 |
| Weimar, W | 1 |
| Lameijer, LD | 1 |
| Masurel, N | 1 |
| Haas, RJ | 1 |
| Pöschl, U | 1 |
| Christ, M | 1 |
| Schaub, J | 1 |
| Belohradsky, BH | 1 |
| O'Loughlin, JM | 1 |
| Thumb, N | 1 |
| Pettersson, S | 1 |
| Hansson, G | 1 |
| Blohmé, I | 1 |
| Klauser, R | 1 |
| Zlabinger, GJ | 1 |
| Traindl, O | 1 |
| Franz, M | 1 |
| Watschinger, B | 1 |
| Pohanka, E | 1 |
| Kudlacek, S | 1 |
| Kovarik, J | 1 |
| d'Ivernois, C | 1 |
| Dupon, M | 1 |
| Dartigues, JF | 1 |
| Potaux, L | 1 |
| Aparicio, M | 1 |
| Lacut, JY | 1 |
| Thayer, C | 1 |
| Bartlett, ST | 1 |
| Ward, RE | 1 |
| Wilkinson, AH | 1 |
| Smith, JL | 1 |
| Hunsicker, LG | 1 |
| Tobacman, J | 1 |
| Kapelanski, DP | 1 |
| Johnson, M | 1 |
| Wright, FH | 1 |
| Behrendt, DM | 1 |
| Corry, RJ | 1 |
| Laufer, G | 1 |
| Laczkovics, A | 1 |
| Wollenek, G | 1 |
| Buxbaum, P | 1 |
| Graninger, W | 1 |
| Holzinger, C | 1 |
| Wolner, E | 1 |
| Shmueli, D | 1 |
| Shapira, Z | 1 |
| Yussim, A | 1 |
| Nakache, R | 1 |
| Ram, Z | 1 |
| Shaharabani, E | 1 |
| Solomon, LR | 1 |
| Martin, S | 1 |
| Short, CD | 1 |
| Lawler, W | 1 |
| Gokal, R | 1 |
| Johnson, RW | 1 |
| Mallick, NP | 1 |
| Yasumura, T | 1 |
| Ohmori, Y | 1 |
| Aikawa, I | 1 |
| Fukuda, M | 1 |
| Suzuki, S | 1 |
| Nakai, I | 1 |
| Matsui, S | 1 |
| Oka, T | 1 |
| Berardinelli, L | 1 |
| Raiteri, M | 1 |
| De Vecchi, A | 1 |
| Vegeto, A | 1 |
| Burgos-Calderon, R | 1 |
| Pankey, GA | 1 |
| Figueroa, JE | 1 |
| Joseph, RR | 1 |
| Tourtellotte, CD | 1 |
| Barry, WE | 1 |
| Smalley, RV | 1 |
| Durant, JR | 1 |
| Fournier, C | 1 |
| Bach, MA | 1 |
| Dardenne, M | 1 |
| Bach, JF | 1 |
| Allison, AC | 1 |
| Thiry, L | 1 |
| Prévost, JM | 1 |
| Toussaint, C | 1 |
| Vereerstraeten, P | 1 |
| Coleman, DV | 1 |
| Gardner, SD | 1 |
| Field, AM | 1 |
| Cendrowski, W | 1 |
| Riekkinen, PJ | 1 |
| Rinne, UK | 1 |
| Wellman, MR | 1 |
| Miller, DR | 1 |
| Chebat, J | 1 |
| Gluckman, JC | 1 |
| Legrain, M | 1 |
| Kuss, R | 1 |
| Perkins, ES | 1 |
| Thomas, F | 1 |
| Lee, HM | 1 |
| Wolf, JS | 1 |
| Thomas, J | 1 |
| Denman, AM | 1 |
| Russell, AS | 1 |
| Denman, EJ | 1 |
| Stinson, EB | 1 |
| Bieber, CP | 1 |
| Griepp, RB | 1 |
| Clark, DA | 1 |
| Shumway, NE | 1 |
| Remington, JS | 1 |
| Manz, HJ | 1 |
| Dinsdale, HB | 1 |
| Morrin, PA | 1 |
| Meere, C | 1 |
| Grondin, CM | 1 |
| Castonguay, Y | 1 |
| Lepage, G | 1 |
| Grondin, P | 1 |
| Schuppli, R | 1 |
| Sirtori, C | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single-blind, Investigator-initiated, Randomized, Controlled Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Corticosteroid Therapy to Treat Patients With Acute Myocarditis With Mildly Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction[NCT05974462] | Phase 3 | 174 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2024-01-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
5 reviews available for azathioprine and Virus Diseases
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Corticosteroids for viral myocarditis.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Chronic Disease; Cyclosporine; H | 2013 |
[Treatment of systemic vasculitides].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antiviral Agents; Azathioprine; Ch | 2008 |
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children: diagnosis and management.
Topics: Age Factors; Autoantibodies; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Blood Cell Count; Blood Coagulation | 1975 |
Immunosuppressive therapy in neurological diseases.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Azathioprine; Central Nervous System Diseases; Cyclophosphamide; Cytara | 1974 |
Recent advances in the study of uveitis.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Aqueous Humor; Azathioprine; Cell Migration Inhibitio | 1974 |
7 trials available for azathioprine and Virus Diseases
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Does mycophenolate mofetil increase the incidence of infections in renal transplant recipients?
Topics: Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunos | 2005 |
Long-term outcome after switch from cyclosporine-based triple-drug immunosuppression to double therapy at three months.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Cadaver; Cyclosporine; Drug Combinations; Female; Follow-Up S | 1996 |
Azathioprine in patients with juvenile chronic arthritis: a longterm followup study.
Topics: Adolescent; Amyloidosis; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Juvenile; Azathioprine; Child; Chronic Dis | 1997 |
Antilymphocyte globulins versus OKT3 as prophylactic treatment in highly sensitized renal transplant recipients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antibodies; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination | 1994 |
Infections in renal transplant recipients receiving mycophenolate versus azathioprine-based immunosuppression.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Cohort Studies; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans | 2002 |
Influence of immunosuppressive therapy on infectious complications in renal transplant recipients.
Topics: Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Bacteremia; Cyclosporine; Female; Graft Rejection; Humans | 1992 |
Increased septic complications with three-drug sequential immunosuppression for cadaver renal transplants.
Topics: Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Cadaver; Cyclosporins; Female; Graf | 1990 |
40 other studies available for azathioprine and Virus Diseases
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
[Effect of immune therapy in the prognosis of viral myocarditis in pediatric patients].
Topics: Adolescent; Antiviral Agents; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fema | 2016 |
Long-term care following paediatric liver transplantation.
Topics: Azathioprine; Calcineurin Inhibitors; Child; Continuity of Patient Care; Glucocorticoids; Graft Reje | 2011 |
British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the safe and effective prescribing of azathioprine 2011.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow Diseases; Chemical and Drug Indu | 2011 |
[Clinical features of inflammatory bowel disease (author's transl)].
Topics: Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Crohn Disease; Diarrhea; Drug Combinations; Fluid Therapy; Gluco | 1982 |
Serum beta-2-microglobulin: an adjunctive monitoring test in renal transplantation.
Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; beta 2-Microglobulin; Beta-Globulins; Creatinine; Graft Rejectio | 1980 |
Multiple sclerosis: the present position.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Azathioprine; Diseases in Twins; Emigration and Immigration; Environment; E | 1983 |
Antiviral activity of interferon in rats and the effect of immune suppression.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Cell Line; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosporins; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; | 1984 |
A comparison of serologically defined viral infection rates (cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, and herpes virus varicellae) posttransplant in patients on azathioprine and cyclosporine.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclosporins; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Kidney Transplantation; Virus Disease | 1984 |
Optimal clinical regimens for living related liver transplantation.
Topics: Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; Cyclosporine; Drug Administration Sched | 1994 |
Lung transplantation in infancy and early childhood.
Topics: Actuarial Analysis; Azathioprine; Cause of Death; Cyclosporine; Graft Rejection; Heart Defects, Cong | 1996 |
Kaposi's sarcoma in renal-transplant recipients: experience at the Catholic University in Rome, 1988-1996.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; HIV Seronega | 1997 |
[Lupus nephritis in the middle of the 20th century and in the beginning of 21st century].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Diagnosis, | 2001 |
Viral infections in renal allograft recipients treated with long-term immunosuppression.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Herpes Zoster; Humans; K | 1979 |
[Virus infections in kidney transplant patients].
Topics: Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; Herpesviridae; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunosuppression Thera | 1977 |
[Autoimmune hemolytic anaemia in childhood. Review and report of one case (author's transl)].
Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Cortisone; Cyclophosph | 1977 |
Infections in the immunosuppressed patient.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Alkylating Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Bacteria; Bacterial | 1975 |
[Side effects in immunosuppressive therapy].
Topics: Alopecia; Amenorrhea; Anemia; Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Chlorambucil; Female; Humans; Immu | 1975 |
Condyloma acuminatum of the bladder.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Condylomata Acuminata; Electrosurgery; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Prednisolon | 1976 |
Decreased incidence of infection after renal transplantation with the use of cyclosporine.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Child; Cyclosporine; Dr | 1991 |
Increased frequency of posttransplant lymphomas in patients treated with cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisone.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; B-Lymphocytes; Cyclosporins; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Graft Rej | 1989 |
Infectious complications in heart transplant recipients with combined low dose cyclosporine, azathioprine and prednisolone (triple drug) immunosuppression.
Topics: Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Candidiasis; Cause of Death; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug | 1989 |
The incidence of Kaposi sarcoma in renal transplant patients and its relation to immunosuppression.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclosporins; Female; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Middle Aged; Opport | 1989 |
Late cellular rejection in renal transplant recipients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Follow-U | 1986 |
Improved outcome of renal transplantation with cyclosporine compared with azathioprine--experience in 33 recipients followed for over one year.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Child; Cyclosporins; Female; Follow-Up Studie | 1986 |
Infections in ciclosporin-treated patients.
Topics: Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Cyclosporins; Humans; Infections; Kidney Transplantation; Mycose | 1986 |
Infection in kidney transplantation.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Dactinomycin; Female | 1971 |
Prolonged immunological disorder terminating in hematological malignancy: A human analogue of animal disease?
Topics: Aged; Animal Diseases; Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Blood Protein Disorders; Blood Pr | 1970 |
Selective action of azathioprine on T cells.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Cell Migration Inhibition; Chromium Isotopes; Erythrocy | 1973 |
Tumour development following immunosuppression.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Child; Cricetinae; Female; Humans; Immunity, Cel | 1970 |
[Viral complications of renal transplantation].
Topics: Azathioprine; Cytarabine; Cytomegalovirus; DNA Viruses; DNA, Viral; Hepatitis A; Hepatitis B virus; | 1971 |
Human polyomavirus infection in renal allograft recipients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; Child; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Hemagglutinati | 1973 |
The nitroblue-tetrazolium dye test and infection in the renal patient.
Topics: Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Coloring Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Graft Rejection; Human | 1973 |
[Infectious pulmonary complications observed after renal transplantation (analysis of 104 cases)].
Topics: Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; Lung Diseases; | 1973 |
Factors in infectious complications following cadaver renal transplantation.
Topics: Animals; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Cadaver; Horses; Humans; Immunosu | 1973 |
Renal disease in (NZB x NZW) F1 mice treated with antilymphocytic antibody. II. Effects of restoration with isogeneic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic lymphoid cells.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Antigen-Antibody Complex; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Basement Membr | 1970 |
Infectious complications after cardiac transplantation in man.
Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Dactinomycin; Female; Heart Transplantati | 1971 |
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after renal transplantation. Demonstration of Papova-like virions.
Topics: Adult; Autopsy; Azathioprine; Brain; Demyelinating Diseases; Encephalitis; Female; Gliosis; Humans; | 1971 |
Clinical experience with cardiac transplantation: retrospective considerations.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Cadaver; Graft Rejection; Heart; Heart Transplantation; H | 1971 |
[Practical use of immunosuppressive and cytostatic drugs in dermatological diseases].
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Condylomata Acuminata; Fluorouracil; Humans; Immunosuppressive | 1970 |
Viruses and immunosuppressant drugs.
Topics: Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Hepatitis A; Hepatitis B Antigens; Humans; Liver; Microscopy, | 1970 |