azathioprine has been researched along with Viral Diseases in 52 studies
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "The incidence of viral infections was 53." | 2.71 | Does mycophenolate mofetil increase the incidence of infections in renal transplant recipients? ( Agafonova, S; Budnikova, N; Pasov, S; Prokopenko, E; Scherbakova, E; Vatazin, A, 2005) |
| "In group 1, however, a higher number of viral infections and steroid-related side effects was noted." | 2.68 | Long-term outcome after switch from cyclosporine-based triple-drug immunosuppression to double therapy at three months. ( Aichberger, C; Eberl, T; Königsrainer, A; Margreiter, R; Ofner, D; Pernthaler, H; Riedmann, B, 1996) |
| "Azathioprine is a useful drug in severe JCA, with a sustained effect and acceptable side effects." | 2.68 | Azathioprine in patients with juvenile chronic arthritis: a longterm followup study. ( Aho, K; Isomäki, H; Kautiainen, H; Savolainen, HA; Verronen, P, 1997) |
| "Myocarditis is defined as inflammation of the myocardium accompanied by myocellular necrosis." | 2.49 | Corticosteroids for viral myocarditis. ( Chen, HS; Liu, JP; Wang, W; Wu, SN, 2013) |
| "Myocarditis is the inflammation of the myocardial tissue, primarily caused by viral infection." | 1.43 | [Effect of immune therapy in the prognosis of viral myocarditis in pediatric patients]. ( González-Espinosa, AM; López-Gallegos, D; Márquez-González, H; Yáñez-Gutiérrez, L; Zamudio-López, JO, 2016) |
| "Etiology and pathogenesis of Crohn's disease, the incidence of which seems to be increasing lately, are still unknown." | 1.26 | [Clinical features of inflammatory bowel disease (author's transl)]. ( Classen, M; Leuschner, U; Strohm, WD, 1982) |
| "Patterns of infection are recognized, and this should enable the physician to plan a meaningful course of action when infection occurs in the compromised host." | 1.25 | Infections in the immunosuppressed patient. ( O'Loughlin, JM, 1975) |
| "Azathioprine was best tolerated, but gave only medium results whereas procarbazine, as a very potent drug, had the highest rate of side effects (especially depression of bone marrow, infections, gastrointestinal manifestations etc." | 1.25 | [Side effects in immunosuppressive therapy]. ( Thumb, N, 1975) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 35 (67.31) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 9 (17.31) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 4 (7.69) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 4 (7.69) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Chen, HS | 1 |
| Wang, W | 1 |
| Wu, SN | 1 |
| Liu, JP | 1 |
| Márquez-González, H | 1 |
| López-Gallegos, D | 1 |
| González-Espinosa, AM | 1 |
| Zamudio-López, JO | 1 |
| Yáñez-Gutiérrez, L | 1 |
| Guillevin, L | 1 |
| Pagnoux, C | 1 |
| McKiernan, PJ | 1 |
| Meggitt, SJ | 1 |
| Anstey, AV | 1 |
| Mohd Mustapa, MF | 1 |
| Reynolds, NJ | 1 |
| Wakelin, S | 1 |
| Prokopenko, E | 1 |
| Scherbakova, E | 1 |
| Vatazin, A | 1 |
| Pasov, S | 1 |
| Budnikova, N | 1 |
| Agafonova, S | 1 |
| Leuschner, U | 1 |
| Strohm, WD | 1 |
| Classen, M | 1 |
| Light, JA | 1 |
| Biggers, JA | 1 |
| Alijani, MR | 1 |
| Smith, M | 1 |
| Oddendino, K | 1 |
| McDonald, WI | 1 |
| Schellekens, H | 2 |
| Smiers-de Vreede, E | 1 |
| de Reus, A | 1 |
| Dijkema, R | 1 |
| Harris, KR | 1 |
| Saeed, AA | 1 |
| Digard, NJ | 1 |
| Gosling, DC | 1 |
| Leppington, LT | 1 |
| Slapak, M | 1 |
| Malagó, M | 1 |
| Rogiers, X | 1 |
| Wadström, J | 1 |
| Burdelski, M | 1 |
| Broelsch, CE | 1 |
| Aichberger, C | 1 |
| Eberl, T | 1 |
| Riedmann, B | 1 |
| Pernthaler, H | 1 |
| Ofner, D | 1 |
| Königsrainer, A | 1 |
| Margreiter, R | 1 |
| Bridges, ND | 1 |
| Mallory, GB | 1 |
| Huddleston, CB | 1 |
| Canter, CE | 1 |
| Spray, TL | 1 |
| Lesnoni La Parola, I | 1 |
| Masini, C | 1 |
| Nanni, G | 1 |
| Diociaiuti, A | 1 |
| Panocchia, N | 1 |
| Cerimele, D | 1 |
| Savolainen, HA | 1 |
| Kautiainen, H | 1 |
| Isomäki, H | 1 |
| Aho, K | 1 |
| Verronen, P | 1 |
| Vela, C | 1 |
| Cristol, JP | 1 |
| Chong, G | 1 |
| Okamba, A | 1 |
| Lorho, R | 1 |
| Mion, C | 1 |
| Mourad, G | 1 |
| Tareeva, IE | 1 |
| Shilov, EM | 1 |
| Krasnova, TN | 1 |
| Kozlovskaia, LV | 1 |
| Shvetsov, MIu | 1 |
| Ianushkevich, TN | 1 |
| Samokishina, NA | 1 |
| Bernabeu-Wittel, M | 1 |
| Naranjo, M | 1 |
| Cisneros, JM | 1 |
| Cañas, E | 1 |
| Gentil, MA | 1 |
| Algarra, G | 1 |
| Pereira, P | 1 |
| González-Roncero, FJ | 1 |
| de Alarcón, A | 1 |
| Pachón, J | 1 |
| McClure, PD | 1 |
| Spencer, ES | 1 |
| Andersen, HK | 1 |
| Weimar, W | 1 |
| Lameijer, LD | 1 |
| Masurel, N | 1 |
| Haas, RJ | 1 |
| Pöschl, U | 1 |
| Christ, M | 1 |
| Schaub, J | 1 |
| Belohradsky, BH | 1 |
| O'Loughlin, JM | 1 |
| Thumb, N | 1 |
| Pettersson, S | 1 |
| Hansson, G | 1 |
| Blohmé, I | 1 |
| Klauser, R | 1 |
| Zlabinger, GJ | 1 |
| Traindl, O | 1 |
| Franz, M | 1 |
| Watschinger, B | 1 |
| Pohanka, E | 1 |
| Kudlacek, S | 1 |
| Kovarik, J | 1 |
| d'Ivernois, C | 1 |
| Dupon, M | 1 |
| Dartigues, JF | 1 |
| Potaux, L | 1 |
| Aparicio, M | 1 |
| Lacut, JY | 1 |
| Thayer, C | 1 |
| Bartlett, ST | 1 |
| Ward, RE | 1 |
| Wilkinson, AH | 1 |
| Smith, JL | 1 |
| Hunsicker, LG | 1 |
| Tobacman, J | 1 |
| Kapelanski, DP | 1 |
| Johnson, M | 1 |
| Wright, FH | 1 |
| Behrendt, DM | 1 |
| Corry, RJ | 1 |
| Laufer, G | 1 |
| Laczkovics, A | 1 |
| Wollenek, G | 1 |
| Buxbaum, P | 1 |
| Graninger, W | 1 |
| Holzinger, C | 1 |
| Wolner, E | 1 |
| Shmueli, D | 1 |
| Shapira, Z | 1 |
| Yussim, A | 1 |
| Nakache, R | 1 |
| Ram, Z | 1 |
| Shaharabani, E | 1 |
| Solomon, LR | 1 |
| Martin, S | 1 |
| Short, CD | 1 |
| Lawler, W | 1 |
| Gokal, R | 1 |
| Johnson, RW | 1 |
| Mallick, NP | 1 |
| Yasumura, T | 1 |
| Ohmori, Y | 1 |
| Aikawa, I | 1 |
| Fukuda, M | 1 |
| Suzuki, S | 1 |
| Nakai, I | 1 |
| Matsui, S | 1 |
| Oka, T | 1 |
| Berardinelli, L | 1 |
| Raiteri, M | 1 |
| De Vecchi, A | 1 |
| Vegeto, A | 1 |
| Burgos-Calderon, R | 1 |
| Pankey, GA | 1 |
| Figueroa, JE | 1 |
| Joseph, RR | 1 |
| Tourtellotte, CD | 1 |
| Barry, WE | 1 |
| Smalley, RV | 1 |
| Durant, JR | 1 |
| Fournier, C | 1 |
| Bach, MA | 1 |
| Dardenne, M | 1 |
| Bach, JF | 1 |
| Allison, AC | 1 |
| Thiry, L | 1 |
| Prévost, JM | 1 |
| Toussaint, C | 1 |
| Vereerstraeten, P | 1 |
| Coleman, DV | 1 |
| Gardner, SD | 1 |
| Field, AM | 1 |
| Cendrowski, W | 1 |
| Riekkinen, PJ | 1 |
| Rinne, UK | 1 |
| Wellman, MR | 1 |
| Miller, DR | 1 |
| Chebat, J | 1 |
| Gluckman, JC | 1 |
| Legrain, M | 1 |
| Kuss, R | 1 |
| Perkins, ES | 1 |
| Thomas, F | 1 |
| Lee, HM | 1 |
| Wolf, JS | 1 |
| Thomas, J | 1 |
| Denman, AM | 1 |
| Russell, AS | 1 |
| Denman, EJ | 1 |
| Stinson, EB | 1 |
| Bieber, CP | 1 |
| Griepp, RB | 1 |
| Clark, DA | 1 |
| Shumway, NE | 1 |
| Remington, JS | 1 |
| Manz, HJ | 1 |
| Dinsdale, HB | 1 |
| Morrin, PA | 1 |
| Meere, C | 1 |
| Grondin, CM | 1 |
| Castonguay, Y | 1 |
| Lepage, G | 1 |
| Grondin, P | 1 |
| Schuppli, R | 1 |
| Sirtori, C | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single-blind, Investigator-initiated, Randomized, Controlled Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Corticosteroid Therapy to Treat Patients With Acute Myocarditis With Mildly Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction[NCT05974462] | Phase 3 | 174 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2024-01-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
5 reviews available for azathioprine and Viral Diseases
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Corticosteroids for viral myocarditis.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Chronic Disease; Cyclosporine; H | 2013 |
[Treatment of systemic vasculitides].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antiviral Agents; Azathioprine; Ch | 2008 |
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children: diagnosis and management.
Topics: Age Factors; Autoantibodies; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Blood Cell Count; Blood Coagulation | 1975 |
Immunosuppressive therapy in neurological diseases.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Azathioprine; Central Nervous System Diseases; Cyclophosphamide; Cytara | 1974 |
Recent advances in the study of uveitis.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Aqueous Humor; Azathioprine; Cell Migration Inhibitio | 1974 |
7 trials available for azathioprine and Viral Diseases
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Does mycophenolate mofetil increase the incidence of infections in renal transplant recipients?
Topics: Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunos | 2005 |
Long-term outcome after switch from cyclosporine-based triple-drug immunosuppression to double therapy at three months.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Cadaver; Cyclosporine; Drug Combinations; Female; Follow-Up S | 1996 |
Azathioprine in patients with juvenile chronic arthritis: a longterm followup study.
Topics: Adolescent; Amyloidosis; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Juvenile; Azathioprine; Child; Chronic Dis | 1997 |
Antilymphocyte globulins versus OKT3 as prophylactic treatment in highly sensitized renal transplant recipients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antibodies; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination | 1994 |
Infections in renal transplant recipients receiving mycophenolate versus azathioprine-based immunosuppression.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Cohort Studies; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans | 2002 |
Influence of immunosuppressive therapy on infectious complications in renal transplant recipients.
Topics: Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Bacteremia; Cyclosporine; Female; Graft Rejection; Humans | 1992 |
Increased septic complications with three-drug sequential immunosuppression for cadaver renal transplants.
Topics: Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Cadaver; Cyclosporins; Female; Graf | 1990 |
40 other studies available for azathioprine and Viral Diseases
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
[Effect of immune therapy in the prognosis of viral myocarditis in pediatric patients].
Topics: Adolescent; Antiviral Agents; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fema | 2016 |
Long-term care following paediatric liver transplantation.
Topics: Azathioprine; Calcineurin Inhibitors; Child; Continuity of Patient Care; Glucocorticoids; Graft Reje | 2011 |
British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the safe and effective prescribing of azathioprine 2011.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow Diseases; Chemical and Drug Indu | 2011 |
[Clinical features of inflammatory bowel disease (author's transl)].
Topics: Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Crohn Disease; Diarrhea; Drug Combinations; Fluid Therapy; Gluco | 1982 |
Serum beta-2-microglobulin: an adjunctive monitoring test in renal transplantation.
Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; beta 2-Microglobulin; Beta-Globulins; Creatinine; Graft Rejectio | 1980 |
Multiple sclerosis: the present position.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Azathioprine; Diseases in Twins; Emigration and Immigration; Environment; E | 1983 |
Antiviral activity of interferon in rats and the effect of immune suppression.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Cell Line; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosporins; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; | 1984 |
A comparison of serologically defined viral infection rates (cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, and herpes virus varicellae) posttransplant in patients on azathioprine and cyclosporine.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclosporins; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Kidney Transplantation; Virus Disease | 1984 |
Optimal clinical regimens for living related liver transplantation.
Topics: Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; Cyclosporine; Drug Administration Sched | 1994 |
Lung transplantation in infancy and early childhood.
Topics: Actuarial Analysis; Azathioprine; Cause of Death; Cyclosporine; Graft Rejection; Heart Defects, Cong | 1996 |
Kaposi's sarcoma in renal-transplant recipients: experience at the Catholic University in Rome, 1988-1996.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; HIV Seronega | 1997 |
[Lupus nephritis in the middle of the 20th century and in the beginning of 21st century].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Diagnosis, | 2001 |
Viral infections in renal allograft recipients treated with long-term immunosuppression.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Herpes Zoster; Humans; K | 1979 |
[Virus infections in kidney transplant patients].
Topics: Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; Herpesviridae; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunosuppression Thera | 1977 |
[Autoimmune hemolytic anaemia in childhood. Review and report of one case (author's transl)].
Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Cortisone; Cyclophosph | 1977 |
Infections in the immunosuppressed patient.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Alkylating Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Bacteria; Bacterial | 1975 |
[Side effects in immunosuppressive therapy].
Topics: Alopecia; Amenorrhea; Anemia; Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Chlorambucil; Female; Humans; Immu | 1975 |
Condyloma acuminatum of the bladder.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Condylomata Acuminata; Electrosurgery; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Prednisolon | 1976 |
Decreased incidence of infection after renal transplantation with the use of cyclosporine.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Child; Cyclosporine; Dr | 1991 |
Increased frequency of posttransplant lymphomas in patients treated with cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisone.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; B-Lymphocytes; Cyclosporins; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Graft Rej | 1989 |
Infectious complications in heart transplant recipients with combined low dose cyclosporine, azathioprine and prednisolone (triple drug) immunosuppression.
Topics: Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Candidiasis; Cause of Death; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug | 1989 |
The incidence of Kaposi sarcoma in renal transplant patients and its relation to immunosuppression.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclosporins; Female; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Middle Aged; Opport | 1989 |
Late cellular rejection in renal transplant recipients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Follow-U | 1986 |
Improved outcome of renal transplantation with cyclosporine compared with azathioprine--experience in 33 recipients followed for over one year.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Child; Cyclosporins; Female; Follow-Up Studie | 1986 |
Infections in ciclosporin-treated patients.
Topics: Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Cyclosporins; Humans; Infections; Kidney Transplantation; Mycose | 1986 |
Infection in kidney transplantation.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Dactinomycin; Female | 1971 |
Prolonged immunological disorder terminating in hematological malignancy: A human analogue of animal disease?
Topics: Aged; Animal Diseases; Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Blood Protein Disorders; Blood Pr | 1970 |
Selective action of azathioprine on T cells.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Cell Migration Inhibition; Chromium Isotopes; Erythrocy | 1973 |
Tumour development following immunosuppression.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Child; Cricetinae; Female; Humans; Immunity, Cel | 1970 |
[Viral complications of renal transplantation].
Topics: Azathioprine; Cytarabine; Cytomegalovirus; DNA Viruses; DNA, Viral; Hepatitis A; Hepatitis B virus; | 1971 |
Human polyomavirus infection in renal allograft recipients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; Child; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Hemagglutinati | 1973 |
The nitroblue-tetrazolium dye test and infection in the renal patient.
Topics: Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Coloring Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Graft Rejection; Human | 1973 |
[Infectious pulmonary complications observed after renal transplantation (analysis of 104 cases)].
Topics: Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; Lung Diseases; | 1973 |
Factors in infectious complications following cadaver renal transplantation.
Topics: Animals; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Cadaver; Horses; Humans; Immunosu | 1973 |
Renal disease in (NZB x NZW) F1 mice treated with antilymphocytic antibody. II. Effects of restoration with isogeneic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic lymphoid cells.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Antigen-Antibody Complex; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Basement Membr | 1970 |
Infectious complications after cardiac transplantation in man.
Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Dactinomycin; Female; Heart Transplantati | 1971 |
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after renal transplantation. Demonstration of Papova-like virions.
Topics: Adult; Autopsy; Azathioprine; Brain; Demyelinating Diseases; Encephalitis; Female; Gliosis; Humans; | 1971 |
Clinical experience with cardiac transplantation: retrospective considerations.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Cadaver; Graft Rejection; Heart; Heart Transplantation; H | 1971 |
[Practical use of immunosuppressive and cytostatic drugs in dermatological diseases].
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Condylomata Acuminata; Fluorouracil; Humans; Immunosuppressive | 1970 |
Viruses and immunosuppressant drugs.
Topics: Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Hepatitis A; Hepatitis B Antigens; Humans; Liver; Microscopy, | 1970 |