Page last updated: 2024-10-23

azathioprine and Urinary Tract Infections

azathioprine has been researched along with Urinary Tract Infections in 43 studies

Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.

Urinary Tract Infections: Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"Ninety-four patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy with azathioprine and prednisone after human cadaver kidney transplantation developed urinary tract infections and were treated with co-trimoxazole or another antibiotic in a controlled randomized prospective trial."5.04Co-trimoxazole and azathioprine: a safe combination. ( Hall, CL, 1974)
" Significant risk factors for post-transplant UTIs were advanced age, female gender, reflux kidney disease, use of azathioprine and cadaveric donor."3.73Urinary tract infections after renal transplantation: a retrospective review at two US transplant centers. ( Chuang, P; Langone, A; Parikh, CR, 2005)
"In an open-label study, 6 patients with moderately active SLE (4 with nephritis and 3 with arthritis refractory to other therapies) were given 4 300-mg doses of infliximab, a chimeric anti-TNFalpha antibody, in addition to immunosuppression with azathioprine or methotrexate."3.72Safety and efficacy of tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade in systemic lupus erythematosus: an open-label study. ( Aringer, M; Graninger, WB; Smolen, JS; Steiner, G, 2004)
"Pemphigus vulgaris is an uncommon auto-immune disease which responds well to treatment with corticosteroids and azathioprine."3.68Immunosuppressive therapy for pemphigus vulgaris complicated by malakoplakia of the bladder. ( Allen, FJ; Heyns, CF; Jordaan, HF; Schneider, J, 1990)
"Hematuria, arthralgias, and bleeding from subcutaneous and soft tissues developed in a 56-year-old man with an allergic background following a course of sulfisoxazole for urinary tract infection, Coagulation studies demonstrated the presence of an inhibitor to factor VIII in high titers."3.65Acquired circulating anticoagulant to factor VIII. Response to high doses of cryoprecipitate and immunosuppressive therapy. ( Brauer, MJ; Herzig, EG; Sise, HS; Vera, JC, 1975)
" Prednisolone dosage was gradually tapered to 10 mg/d at 6 months, when cyclophosphamide was replaced by azathioprine (2 mg/kg/d p."2.69Treatment of membranous lupus nephritis with nephrotic syndrome by sequential immunosuppression. ( Chan, KW; Chan, TM; Hao, WK; Lai, KN; Li, FK; Lui, SL; Tang, S, 1999)
"We review the pathogenesis of malakoplakia and report a novel form of treatment successfully used in an 8-week-old infant with bilateral renal malakoplakia."2.38Renal parenchymal malakoplakia--a case report and review of the literature. ( Milford, DV; Raafat, F; Saleem, MA; White, RH, 1993)
"Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune blistering disorder in which both genetic and environmental factors, mainly drugs, are thought to play a part in its aetiopathogenesis."1.31A case of pemphigus vulgaris possibly triggered by quinolones. ( Anadolu, RY; Birol, A; Bostanci, S; Boyvatt, A, 2002)
"A case of malakoplakia affecting the entire urinary tract is described."1.26Corynebacterium hofmannii infection after renal transplantation. ( Aubrey, C; Bewick, M; Cameron, JS; Nathan, AW; Ogg, CS; Turner, DR; Williams, DG, 1982)
" Statistical analysis showed that the association of leucopenia and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole therapy was dependent on the time after the transplantation procedure and was not related to the dosage of immunosuppressive chemotherapy or renal function."1.25Leucopenia associated with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole after renal transplantation. ( Hulme, B; Reeves, DS, 1971)

Research

Studies (43)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199028 (65.12)18.7374
1990's8 (18.60)18.2507
2000's5 (11.63)29.6817
2010's2 (4.65)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Hou, S1
Barbouch, S1
Cherif, M1
Ounissi, M1
Karoui, C1
Mzoughi, S1
Hamida, FB1
Abderrahim, E1
Bozouita, A1
Abdalla, T1
Kheder, A1
Ahmed, E1
Akhtar, F1
Hashmi, A1
Imtiaz, S1
Hussain, Z1
Hafeez, S1
Naqvi, A1
Rizvi, A1
Keven, K1
Sahin, M1
Kutlay, S1
Sengul, S1
Erturk, S1
Ersoz, S1
Erbay, B1
Aringer, M1
Graninger, WB1
Steiner, G1
Smolen, JS1
Chuang, P1
Parikh, CR1
Langone, A1
Light, JA1
Biggers, JA1
Alijani, MR1
Smith, M1
Oddendino, K1
Valenzuela, R1
McMahon, JT1
Deodhar, SD1
Braun, WE1
Sommer, BG1
Ferguson, RM1
Najarian, JS1
Nathan, AW1
Turner, DR1
Aubrey, C1
Cameron, JS2
Williams, DG1
Ogg, CS2
Bewick, M2
Ko, KS1
Cho, DO1
Ahn, JH1
Lee, TW1
Ihm, CG1
Chang, SG1
Chai, SE1
Park, HC1
Hong, SH1
Joo, HZ1
Saleem, MA1
Milford, DV1
Raafat, F1
White, RH1
Langrehr, JM1
Glanemann, M1
Guckelberger, O1
Klupp, J1
Neumann, U1
Machens, C1
Lohmann, R1
Knoop, M1
Lobeck, H1
Schlag, H1
Keck, H1
Settmacher, U1
Bechstein, WO1
Neuhaus, PJ1
Spillner, J1
Kohnle, M1
Albrecht, KH1
Heemann, U1
Chan, TM1
Li, FK1
Hao, WK1
Chan, KW1
Lui, SL1
Tang, S1
Lai, KN1
Anadolu, RY1
Birol, A1
Bostanci, S1
Boyvatt, A1
Schulak, JA1
Hill, JL1
Reckard, CR1
Simonian, SJ1
Stuart, FP1
Murphy, JF1
McDonald, FD1
Dawson, M1
Reite, A1
Turcotte, J1
Fekety, FR1
Lawson, RK1
Talwalkar, YB1
Musgrave, JE1
Campbell, RA1
Hodges, CV1
Vera, JC1
Herzig, EG1
Sise, HS1
Brauer, MJ1
Ruder, H1
Thurn, C1
Guggenbichler, JP1
Franz, M1
Traindl, O1
Pohanka, E1
Höbarth, K1
Simak, R1
Klauser, R1
Watschinger, B1
Kovarik, J1
Jordaan, HF1
Heyns, CF1
Allen, FJ1
Schneider, J1
Stuby, U1
Kaiser, W1
Grafinger, P1
Biesenbach, G1
Zazgornik, J1
Tanabe, K1
Takahashi, K1
Toma, H1
Nakazawa, H1
Goya, N1
Fuchinoue, S1
Honda, H1
Yagisawa, T1
Kawai, T1
Teraoka, S1
Lau, RJ1
Scott, JR1
Burgos-Calderon, R1
Pankey, GA1
Figueroa, JE1
Stummvoll, HK1
Pinggera, WF1
Oppolzer, R1
Singer, F1
Wolf, A1
Prout, GR1
Hume, DM1
Williams, GM1
Lee, HM1
Doak, PB1
Duke, AJ1
Maclaurin, CH1
Montgomerie, JZ1
North, JD1
Myerowitz, RL1
Medeiros, AA1
O'Brien, TF1
Storm, B1
Mahon, FB1
Malek, GH1
Uehling, DT1
Hall, CL1
Gordon, AM1
Briggs, JD1
Bell, PR1
Firlit, CF1
Remington, JS2
Gaines, JD1
Griepp, RB2
Shumway, NE2
Blichfeldt, P1
Fine, RN1
Korsch, BM1
Stiles, Q1
Riddell, H1
Edelbrock, HH1
Brennan, LP1
Grushkin, CM1
Lieberman, E1
Stinson, EB1
Bieber, CP1
Clark, DA1
Munro, A1
Manuel, L1
Ellis, FG1
Boulton-Jones, M1
Hulme, B1
Reeves, DS1
Walker, AN1
James, DG1
Bailey, AR1
Brunt, ME1

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II, Multi-Center Study for Treatment of Lupus Nephritis by Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Using Etanercept[NCT00447265]Phase 21 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-02-29Terminated (stopped due to The perceived risk-benefit ratio for individuals with early active RA)
A Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Multi-Center Trial of Anti-TNF-alpha Chimeric Monoclonal Antibody (Infliximab) and Azathioprine in Patients Suffering From Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) With WHO Class V Glomerulonephritis[NCT00368264]Phase 2/Phase 31 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-09-30Terminated (stopped due to Failure to recruit patients with membranous lupus nephritis not previously treated with azathioprine .)
Early vs Late Urinary Catheter Removal After Renal Transplantation Randomised Clinical Trial[NCT04815954]450 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-03-26Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Number of Adverse Events (AEs)Grade 3 or Higher Experienced by Participant During Treatment Phase of Study

"Number of adverse events (AEs) or serious adverse events (SAEs) Grade 3 or higher experienced by participant over the duration of the treatment period. [1]~[1] This study graded the severity of AEs experienced by the study participant according to the criteria set forth in the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 3.0." (NCT00447265)
Timeframe: 24 Weeks

InterventionEvents (Number)
Etanercept0

Number of Participant Adverse Events (AEs) From Baseline to Early Study Withdrawal Visit

Number of participant AEs during the trial. This study graded the severity of AEs experienced by the study participant according to the criteria set forth in the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 3.0. (NCT00447265)
Timeframe: 39 Weeks

InterventionEvents (Number)
Etanercept3

Number of Participants With a B to D Change From Baseline to Week 24 in the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) Musculoskeletal Score

Reported here is the number of participants with a change in their BILAG Musculoskeletal Score from B (at baseline) to D (at week 24). A single alphabetic score (A through E) is used to denote disease severity. The BILAG score is a converted numerical score (A=9, B=3, C=1, D=0, E=0).A maximum musculoskeletal score of 9 signifies higher disease activity and a score of 0 is indicative of inactive systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the specified organ system. (NCT00447265)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Etanercept1

Number of Participants With a C to B Score Change From Baseline to Week 24 in the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) Mucocutaneous Score

Reported here is the number of participants with a change in their BILAG Mucocutaneous Score from C (at baseline) to B (at week 24). A single alphabetic score (A through E) is used to denote disease severity. The BILAG score is a converted numerical score (A=9, B=3, C=1, D=0, E=0). A maximum mucocutaneous score of 9 signifies higher disease activity and a score of 0 is indicative of inactive systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the specified organ system. (NCT00447265)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Etanercept1

Number of Participants With an A to B Score Change From Baseline to Week 24 in the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) Renal Score

Reported here is the number of participants with a change in their BILAG Renal Score from A (at baseline) to B (at week 24). A single alphabetic score (A through E) is used to denote disease severity. The BILAG score is a converted numerical score (A=9, B=3, C=1, D=0, E=0).A maximum renal score of 9 signifies higher disease activity and a score of 0 is indicative of inactive systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the specified organ system (NCT00447265)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Etanercept1

Percent of Participants Who Achieved a Renal Response at Week 24

"Percent of study participants who achieved a renal response at 24 weeks.[1]~[1]A renal response is defined as: 1) 50% reduction in proteinuria compared to baseline as measured by urinary protein: creatinine ratio; and 2) stable or improving renal function as defined by the Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) calculated based on the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation (Levy, AS, Coresh J, Galk E et al, National Kidney Foundation practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Ann Intern Med, 139(2): 137-47, 2003)" (NCT00447265)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionPercent of Participants (Number)
Etanercept100

Time to Participant's Renal Response

"Time to when participant achieved a renal response[1]~[1]A renal response is defined as: 1) 50% reduction in proteinuria compared to baseline as measured by urinary protein: creatinine ratio; and 2) stable or improving renal function as defined by the Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) calculated based on the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation (Levy, AS, Coresh J, Galk E et al, National Kidney Foundation practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Ann Intern Med, 139(2): 137-47, 2003)" (NCT00447265)
Timeframe: First 24 Weeks of Study Period

InterventionWeeks (Number)
Etanercept24

Participant Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) Mental Component Score at Baseline and Week 24

"Reported here are the participant SF-36 Mental Component scores at baseline and week 24. The SF-36 measures 8 domains: physical functioning, role limitations due to physical health, bodily pain, social functioning, mental health, role limitations due to emotional problems, vitality, and general health perceptions.[1] The Mental Component score of the SF-36 ranges from 0 to 100; 0 equals worst health state. Higher numbers reported here indicate more improvement in condition from baseline.~[1]Ref: Ware JE, Sherbourne CD. The MOS36-item short-form health survey. Med Care. 1992; 30:473-483" (NCT00447265)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

InterventionScore on a scale (Number)
Baseline SF-36 Mental Component ScoreWeek 24 SF-36 Mental Component Score
Etanercept31.452.3

Participant Medical Outcome Study Short-Form 36 (SF-36) Physical Component Score at Baseline and Week 24

"Reported here is the participant baseline and week 24 SF-36 Physical Component scores. The SF-36 measures 8 domains: physical functioning, role limitations due to physical health, body pain, social functioning, mental health, role limitations due to emotional problems, vitality, and general health perceptions[1]. The Physical Component scores of the SF-36 range from 0 to 100; 0 equals worst health state. Higher numbers reported here indicate more improvement in condition from baseline.~[1]Ref: Ware JE, Sherbourne CD. The MOS36-item short-form health survey Med Care. 1992; 30:473-483." (NCT00447265)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

InterventionScore on a scale (Number)
Baseline SF-36 Physical Component ScoreWeek 24 SF-36 Physical Component Score
Etanercept44.442.3

Participant Systematic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) Score at Baseline and at Early Study Withdrawal Visit

Reported here is the baseline and week 39 Systematic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) scores. The SLEDAI is a concise measure of lupus disease activity with excellent test-retest reliability and high responsiveness to clinically important changes in the disease. The total score is derived from ratings on 24 conditions plus the Physician's Global Assessment; 0 indicates inactive disease and the maximum theoretical score is 105, with higher scores representing increased disease activity. (NCT00447265)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 39 (Early Study Withdrawal Visit)

InterventionPoints on a scale (Number)
Baseline SLEDAI ScoreWeek 39 SLEDAI score
Etanercept228

Reviews

4 reviews available for azathioprine and Urinary Tract Infections

ArticleYear
Pregnancy in renal transplant recipients.
    Advances in chronic kidney disease, 2013, Volume: 20, Issue:3

    Topics: Anemia; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Female; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Immu

2013
Clinical renal transplantation.
    The Urologic clinics of North America, 1983, Volume: 10, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Blood Transfusion; Cadaver; Cyclosporin

1983
Renal parenchymal malakoplakia--a case report and review of the literature.
    Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 1993, Volume: 7, Issue:3

    Topics: Azathioprine; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy; Infant; Malacoplakia; Nephri

1993
Current status of renal transplantation in small children.
    The Urologic clinics of North America, 1974, Volume: 1, Issue:3

    Topics: Angiography; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azathioprine; Cadaver; Child; Child, Preschool; Diet; Drainage;

1974

Trials

8 trials available for azathioprine and Urinary Tract Infections

ArticleYear
Immunoglobulin deficiency in kidney allograft recipients: comparative effects of mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine.
    Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society, 2003, Volume: 5, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; IgG Deficiency; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantatio

2003
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial with anti-interleukin-2 receptor antibody for immunosuppressive induction therapy after liver transplantation.
    Clinical transplantation, 1998, Volume: 12, Issue:4

    Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Cholangitis; Cyclospor

1998
Anti-LFA-1 monoclonal antibody in renal transplantation: renal function, infections, and other complications.
    Transplantation proceedings, 1998, Volume: 30, Issue:5

    Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Communicable Diseases; Creatinine; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy,

1998
Treatment of membranous lupus nephritis with nephrotic syndrome by sequential immunosuppression.
    Lupus, 1999, Volume: 8, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Alopecia; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Ther

1999
High incidence of significant bacteriuria in kidney graft recipients with triple therapy.
    Transplantation proceedings, 1992, Volume: 24, Issue:1

    Topics: Australia; Azathioprine; Bacteriuria; Cyclosporine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Incid

1992
Urinary tract infection after renal transplantation under conventional therapy and cyclosporine.
    Transplantation proceedings, 1989, Volume: 21, Issue:1 Pt 2

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclosporins; Female; Humans; Kidney Transplantation;

1989
[Large intravenous doses of cortisone in renal transplantation].
    Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1974, Volume: 124, Issue:15

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Diabetes Mellitus; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Graft vs Hos

1974
Co-trimoxazole and azathioprine: a safe combination.
    British medical journal, 1974, Oct-05, Volume: 4, Issue:5935

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Azathioprine; Cadaver; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hu

1974

Other Studies

31 other studies available for azathioprine and Urinary Tract Infections

ArticleYear
Urinary tract infections following renal transplantation: a single-center experience.
    Saudi journal of kidney diseases and transplantation : an official publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia, 2012, Volume: 23, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Chi-Square Distribution; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Female;

2012
Acute graft dysfunction due to pyelonephritis: value and safety of graft biopsy.
    Renal failure, 2003, Volume: 25, Issue:3

    Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Cyclosporine; Female; Fever; Graft Rej

2003
Safety and efficacy of tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade in systemic lupus erythematosus: an open-label study.
    Arthritis and rheumatism, 2004, Volume: 50, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Bacter

2004
Safety and efficacy of tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade in systemic lupus erythematosus: an open-label study.
    Arthritis and rheumatism, 2004, Volume: 50, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Bacter

2004
Safety and efficacy of tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade in systemic lupus erythematosus: an open-label study.
    Arthritis and rheumatism, 2004, Volume: 50, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Bacter

2004
Safety and efficacy of tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade in systemic lupus erythematosus: an open-label study.
    Arthritis and rheumatism, 2004, Volume: 50, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Bacter

2004
Urinary tract infections after renal transplantation: a retrospective review at two US transplant centers.
    Clinical transplantation, 2005, Volume: 19, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Azathioprine; Cadaver; Cohort Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studi

2005
Serum beta-2-microglobulin: an adjunctive monitoring test in renal transplantation.
    Proceedings of the Clinical Dialysis and Transplant Forum, 1980, Volume: 10

    Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; beta 2-Microglobulin; Beta-Globulins; Creatinine; Graft Rejectio

1980
Ultrastructural study of tissue and peripheral blood neutrophils in human renal allograft recipients. A clinicopathological description of an unusual abnormality discovered in three cases.
    Human pathology, 1981, Volume: 12, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Candidiasis; Cell Nucleus; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inclusion

1981
Corynebacterium hofmannii infection after renal transplantation.
    Clinical nephrology, 1982, Volume: 17, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Corynebacterium Infections; Female; Graft Rejection; Humans; Immunosuppression

1982
Infections after renal transplantation.
    Transplantation proceedings, 1994, Volume: 26, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bacteremia; Bacteria; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-U

1994
A case of pemphigus vulgaris possibly triggered by quinolones.
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV, 2002, Volume: 16, Issue:2

    Topics: Aged; Azathioprine; Biopsy, Needle; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Follow-Up Studies; Hum

2002
Infectious and functional consequences of splenectomy in adult renal transplant recipients.
    The Journal of surgical research, 1978, Volume: 25, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Child; Female; Graft Survival; Humans; Immuno

1978
Factors affecting the frequency infection in renal transplant recipients.
    Archives of internal medicine, 1976, Volume: 136, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Immunosuppr

1976
Renal transplantation in pediatric patients.
    The Journal of urology, 1975, Volume: 113, Issue:2

    Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adolescent; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cadaver; Child; Child, Preschoo

1975
Acquired circulating anticoagulant to factor VIII. Response to high doses of cryoprecipitate and immunosuppressive therapy.
    JAMA, 1975, Jun-09, Volume: 232, Issue:10

    Topics: Antibodies; Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; Blood Coagulation Tests; Cryoglobulins; Factor VIII; H

1975
Adherence of E. coli to uroepithelia in children and adolescents after renal transplantation.
    Transplantation proceedings, 1992, Volume: 24, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Bacterial Adhesion; Child; Epithelium; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli

1992
Immunosuppressive therapy for pemphigus vulgaris complicated by malakoplakia of the bladder.
    Clinical and experimental dermatology, 1990, Volume: 15, Issue:6

    Topics: Aged; Azathioprine; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Malacopl

1990
[Urinary tract infection in kidney transplant recipients treated with ciclosporin].
    Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology, 1988, Volume: 79, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Cyclosporins; Female; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Male;

1988
Pregnancy following renal transplantation.
    Clinical obstetrics and gynecology, 1985, Volume: 28, Issue:2

    Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Animals; Azathioprine; Child; Cyclophosphamide

1985
Infection in kidney transplantation.
    Surgery, 1971, Volume: 70, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Dactinomycin; Female

1971
Some urological aspects of 93 consecutive renal homotransplants in modified recipients.
    The Journal of urology, 1967, Volume: 97, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Cadaver; Child; Dactinomycin; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Age

1967
Two years' experience with renal transplantation.
    The New Zealand medical journal, 1968, Volume: 68, Issue:437

    Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Azathioprine; Blood Group Antigens; Dactinomycin; Humans; Hypertension, Renal; I

1968
Bacterial infection in renal homotransplant recipients. A study of fifty-three bacteremic episodes.
    The American journal of medicine, 1972, Volume: 53, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Female; Graft

1972
Graft and patient survival after primary cadaver kidney transplantation with special regard to compatibility in the HL-A system.
    Acta chirurgica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1973, Volume: 437

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Cadaver; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Graft Rejection; Histocompatibility

1973
Urinary tract infection after renal transplantation.
    Urology, 1973, Volume: 1, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ampicillin; Azathioprine; Bacteriuria; Cadaver; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Human

1973
The nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test in renal transplantation.
    Journal of clinical pathology, 1974, Volume: 27, Issue:9

    Topics: Abscess; Adult; Azathioprine; Diagnosis, Differential; Escherichia coli; Female; Glomerulonephritis;

1974
Further experience with infection after cardiac transplantation.
    Transplantation proceedings, 1972, Volume: 4, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Echocardiography

1972
[Drug therapy in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Experiences with azathioprine].
    Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 1974, Jun-30, Volume: 94, Issue:18

    Topics: Arthritis, Juvenile; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Fever; Hum

1974
Renal homotransplantation in children.
    The Journal of pediatrics, 1970, Volume: 76, Issue:3

    Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Anemia; Azathioprine; Cadaver; Child; Child, Preschool; Cyclo

1970
Infectious complications after cardiac transplantation in man.
    Annals of internal medicine, 1971, Volume: 74, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Dactinomycin; Female; Heart Transplantati

1971
Clinical evaluation of a rosette inhibition test in renal allotransplantation.
    British medical journal, 1971, Jul-31, Volume: 3, Issue:5769

    Topics: Animals; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Antigens; Antilymphocyte Serum; Anuria; Azathioprine; Diagnosis

1971
Leucopenia associated with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole after renal transplantation.
    British medical journal, 1971, Sep-11, Volume: 3, Issue:5775

    Topics: Azathioprine; Cadaver; Creatinine; Folic Acid Antagonists; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Leukopeni

1971
Fresh drugs for old problems.
    The British journal of clinical practice, 1971, Volume: 25, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Cephalosporins; Humans; Liver Abscess,

1971