azathioprine has been researched along with Sensitivity and Specificity in 41 studies
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.
Sensitivity and Specificity: Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " Pharmacogenetically guided dosing is recommended for safe use of thiopurines but ongoing routine laboratory monitoring remains important." | 2.44 | Laboratory evaluation of inflammatory bowel disease. ( Bass, D; Wong, A, 2008) |
| " Low AZA dosing was defined as 6-thioguanine levels <125 pmol/8 × 10 erythrocytes and 6-methylmercaptopurine levels <5700 pmol/8 × 10 erythrocytes." | 1.51 | Prediction of Thiopurine Metabolite Levels Based on Haematological and Biochemical Parameters. ( Bronsky, J; Hradsky, O; Karaskova, E; Lerchova, T; Mihal, V; Potuznikova, K; Siroka, J; Spenerova, M; Urbanek, L; Velganova-Veghova, M, 2019) |
| " We evaluate TPMT genotyping and TPMT enzyme activity as predictive tests for developing azathioprine-related adverse events." | 1.33 | Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) heterozygosity and enzyme activity as predictive tests for the development of azathioprine-related adverse events. ( Heckmann, JM; Lambson, EM; Little, F; Owen, EP, 2005) |
| "Relapse of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis after drug withdrawal may relate to incomplete histological improvement during corticosteroid therapy and/or persistence of pathogenic mechanisms." | 1.32 | Histological features associated with relapse after corticosteroid withdrawal in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. ( Carpenter, HA; Czaja, AJ, 2003) |
| "The development of a stability-indicating capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method for the determination of the drug azathioprine (AZA) and its related substances in bulk and dosage forms is described." | 1.31 | Determination of azathioprine and its related substances by capillary zone electrophoresis and its application to pharmaceutical dosage forms assay. ( Clark, BJ; Shafaati, A, 2000) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 9 (21.95) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 21 (51.22) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 11 (26.83) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Diamandis, P | 1 |
| Wildenhain, J | 1 |
| Clarke, ID | 1 |
| Sacher, AG | 1 |
| Graham, J | 1 |
| Bellows, DS | 1 |
| Ling, EK | 1 |
| Ward, RJ | 1 |
| Jamieson, LG | 1 |
| Tyers, M | 1 |
| Dirks, PB | 1 |
| Shah, SAV | 1 |
| Paradkar, MU | 1 |
| Desai, DC | 1 |
| Ashavaid, TF | 1 |
| Yuksel, I | 1 |
| Kilincalp, S | 1 |
| Coskun, Y | 1 |
| Akinci, H | 1 |
| Hamamci, M | 1 |
| Alkan, A | 1 |
| Ferrante, M | 1 |
| Colombel, JF | 2 |
| Sandborn, WJ | 2 |
| Reinisch, W | 2 |
| Mantzaris, GJ | 2 |
| Kornbluth, A | 2 |
| Rachmilewitz, D | 1 |
| Lichtiger, S | 1 |
| D'Haens, GR | 1 |
| van der Woude, CJ | 1 |
| Danese, S | 1 |
| Diamond, RH | 1 |
| Oortwijn, AF | 1 |
| Tang, KL | 1 |
| Miller, M | 1 |
| Cornillie, F | 1 |
| Rutgeerts, PJ | 1 |
| Peyrin-Biroulet, L | 1 |
| Diamond, R | 1 |
| Rutgeerts, P | 1 |
| Tang, LK | 1 |
| Cornillie, FJ | 1 |
| Kang, B | 1 |
| Choi, SY | 1 |
| Chi, S | 1 |
| Lim, Y | 1 |
| Jeon, TY | 1 |
| Choe, YH | 1 |
| Liu, A | 1 |
| Yang, DJ | 1 |
| Hsu, S | 1 |
| Wong, A | 1 |
| Bass, D | 1 |
| Wolverton, SE | 1 |
| Lee, YH | 1 |
| Woo, JH | 1 |
| Choi, SJ | 1 |
| Ji, JD | 1 |
| Song, GG | 1 |
| de Vries, HS | 1 |
| de Heij, T | 1 |
| Roelofs, HM | 1 |
| te Morsche, RH | 1 |
| Peters, WH | 1 |
| de Jong, DJ | 1 |
| Schmid, G | 1 |
| Schmid, L | 1 |
| Fischer, A | 1 |
| Czaja, AJ | 1 |
| Carpenter, HA | 1 |
| Stallmach, A | 1 |
| Giese, T | 1 |
| Schmidt, C | 1 |
| Ludwig, B | 1 |
| Mueller-Molaian, I | 1 |
| Meuer, SC | 1 |
| Kennedy, ED | 1 |
| Urbach, DR | 1 |
| Krahn, MD | 1 |
| Steinhart, AH | 1 |
| Cohen, Z | 1 |
| McLeod, RS | 1 |
| Heckmann, JM | 1 |
| Lambson, EM | 1 |
| Little, F | 1 |
| Owen, EP | 1 |
| Zwirska-Korczala, K | 1 |
| Zakliczyński, M | 1 |
| Berdowska, A | 1 |
| Zembala, M | 1 |
| Jochem, J | 1 |
| Gajewska, K | 1 |
| Gajewska, M | 1 |
| Dzierzgowska, A | 1 |
| Pawiński, T | 1 |
| Czerwińska, K | 1 |
| Granito, A | 1 |
| Muratori, L | 1 |
| Muratori, P | 1 |
| Pappas, G | 1 |
| Guidi, M | 1 |
| Cassani, F | 1 |
| Volta, U | 1 |
| Ferri, A | 1 |
| Lenzi, M | 1 |
| Bianchi, FB | 1 |
| Schedel, J | 1 |
| Gödde, A | 1 |
| Schütz, E | 1 |
| Bongartz, TA | 1 |
| Lang, B | 1 |
| Schölmerich, J | 2 |
| Müller-Ladner, U | 2 |
| Fazio, TT | 1 |
| Singh, AK | 1 |
| Kedor-Hackmann, ER | 1 |
| Santoro, MI | 1 |
| Shaye, OA | 1 |
| Yadegari, M | 1 |
| Abreu, MT | 1 |
| Poordad, F | 1 |
| Simon, K | 1 |
| Martin, P | 1 |
| Papadakis, KA | 1 |
| Ippoliti, A | 1 |
| Vasiliauskas, E | 1 |
| Tran, TT | 1 |
| Montagnino, G | 1 |
| Tarantino, A | 1 |
| Grignani, S | 1 |
| Braga, M | 1 |
| Ponticelli, C | 1 |
| Prashker, MJ | 1 |
| Meenan, RF | 1 |
| Malfi, B | 1 |
| Picciotto, G | 1 |
| Manzione, A | 1 |
| Turello, E | 1 |
| Squiccimarro, G | 1 |
| Messina, M | 1 |
| Segoloni, GP | 1 |
| Aikawa, A | 1 |
| Yamashita, M | 1 |
| Arai, K | 1 |
| Hirayama, N | 1 |
| Ohara, T | 1 |
| Hasegawa, A | 1 |
| Kaneshige, T | 1 |
| Hirai, H | 1 |
| Binscheck, T | 1 |
| Meyer, H | 1 |
| Wellhöner, HH | 1 |
| Dervieux, T | 2 |
| Boulieu, R | 2 |
| Piazza, A | 1 |
| Adorno, D | 1 |
| Poggi, E | 1 |
| Borrelli, L | 1 |
| Buonomo, O | 1 |
| Pisani, F | 1 |
| Valeri, M | 1 |
| Torlone, N | 1 |
| Camplone, C | 1 |
| Monaco, PI | 1 |
| Fraboni, D | 1 |
| Casciani, CU | 1 |
| Shafaati, A | 1 |
| Clark, BJ | 1 |
| Coulthard, SA | 1 |
| Rabello, C | 1 |
| Robson, J | 1 |
| Howell, C | 1 |
| Minto, L | 1 |
| Middleton, PG | 1 |
| Gandhi, MK | 1 |
| Jackson, G | 1 |
| McLelland, J | 1 |
| O'Brien, H | 1 |
| Smith, S | 1 |
| Reid, MM | 1 |
| Pearson, AD | 1 |
| Hall, AG | 1 |
| Putzer, GJ | 1 |
| Cooper, D | 1 |
| Keehn, C | 1 |
| Asante-Korang, A | 1 |
| Boucek, MM | 1 |
| Boucek, RJ | 1 |
| Sharples, LD | 1 |
| Taylor, GJ | 1 |
| Karnon, J | 1 |
| Caine, N | 1 |
| Buxton, M | 1 |
| McNeil, K | 1 |
| Wallwork, J | 1 |
| Wiest, R | 1 |
| Glück, T | 1 |
| Schönberger, J | 1 |
| Eilles, C | 1 |
| Persley, KM | 1 |
| Present, DH | 1 |
| Stephan, O | 1 |
| Schwendemann, J | 1 |
| Specke, V | 1 |
| Tacke, SJ | 1 |
| Boller, K | 1 |
| Denner, J | 1 |
| Hradsky, O | 1 |
| Potuznikova, K | 1 |
| Siroka, J | 1 |
| Lerchova, T | 1 |
| Urbanek, L | 1 |
| Mihal, V | 1 |
| Spenerova, M | 1 |
| Velganova-Veghova, M | 1 |
| Karaskova, E | 1 |
| Bronsky, J | 1 |
| Nakase, H | 1 |
| Motoya, S | 1 |
| Matsumoto, T | 1 |
| Watanabe, K | 1 |
| Hisamatsu, T | 1 |
| Yoshimura, N | 1 |
| Ishida, T | 1 |
| Kato, S | 1 |
| Nakagawa, T | 1 |
| Esaki, M | 1 |
| Nagahori, M | 1 |
| Matsui, T | 1 |
| Naito, Y | 1 |
| Kanai, T | 1 |
| Suzuki, Y | 1 |
| Nojima, M | 1 |
| Watanabe, M | 1 |
| Hibi, T | 1 |
| Booth, RA | 1 |
| Ansari, MT | 1 |
| Loit, E | 1 |
| Tricco, AC | 1 |
| Weeks, L | 1 |
| Doucette, S | 1 |
| Skidmore, B | 1 |
| Sears, M | 1 |
| Sy, R | 1 |
| Karsh, J | 1 |
| Winter, JW | 1 |
| Gaffney, D | 1 |
| Shapiro, D | 1 |
| Spooner, RJ | 1 |
| Marinaki, AM | 1 |
| Sanderson, JD | 1 |
| Mills, PR | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active Controlled Trial Comparing REMICADE� (Infliximab) and REMICADE Plus Azathioprine to Azathioprine in the Treatment of Patients With Crohn's Disease Naive to Both Immunomodulators and Biologic Therapy[NCT00094458] | Phase 3 | 508 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Early MRI Prediction of Response to Medical Therapy and Mucosal Healing in Small Bowel Crohn's Disease[NCT03340519] | 35 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2018-12-17 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
Corticosteroid-free clinical remission is defined as a Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) less than (<) 150 in participants who have not received any dose of systemic corticosteroids (prednisone or equivalent) for greater than or equal to (>=) 3 weeks and have not received budesonide at a dose > 6 milligram per day (mg/day) for >= 3 weeks. The total CDAI score ranges from 0 - 600. The lower the CDAI score, the better (i.e., 0 is better and 600 is worse). (NCT00094458)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Azathioprine + Placebo | 30.0 |
| Infliximab + Placebo | 44.4 |
| Infliximab + Azathioprine | 56.8 |
Corticosteroid-free clinical remission is defined as a Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) < 150 who have not received any dose of systemic corticosteroids (prednisone or equivalent) for >= 3 weeks and have not received budesonide at a dose > 6 milligram per day (mg/day) for >= 3 weeks. The total CDAI score ranges from 0 - 600. The lower the CDAI score, the better (i.e., 0 is better and 600 is worse). (NCT00094458)
Timeframe: Week 50
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Azathioprine + Placebo | 54.7 |
| Infliximab + Placebo | 60.8 |
| Infliximab + Azathioprine | 72.2 |
Complete absence of mucosal ulcerations in the colon and terminal ileum as assessed by video endoscopy. (NCT00094458)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Azathioprine + Placebo | 16.5 |
| Infliximab + Placebo | 30.1 |
| Infliximab + Azathioprine | 43.9 |
Average daily dose of systemic corticosteroid concomitant medications(prednisone or equivalent) (NCT00094458)
Timeframe: Weeks 2, 6, 10, 18 and 26
| Intervention | milligram per day (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 2 (n=48, 50, 49) | Week 6 (n=53, 52, 51) | Week 10 (n=56, 56, 52) | Week 18 (n=59, 57, 56) | Week 26 (n=60, 60, 58) | |
| Azathioprine + Placebo | 22.92 | 18.56 | 16.19 | 13.49 | 11.57 |
| Infliximab + Azathioprine | 22.75 | 18.26 | 15.01 | 11.64 | 9.35 |
| Infliximab + Placebo | 21.20 | 17.68 | 15.68 | 13.23 | 10.96 |
Quality of life as measured by the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ). The IBDQ is a 32- item questionnaire and the total IBDQ score can range from 32 (very poor) to 224 (perfect). (NCT00094458)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 2, 6, 10, 18, 26
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 2 (n= 160, 160, 163) | Week 6 (n= 162, 161, 165) | Week 10 (n= 162, 161, 165) | Week 18 (n= 162, 161, 165) | Week 26 (n= 162, 161, 165) | |
| Azathioprine + Placebo | 20.1 | 28.3 | 31.0 | 30.3 | 31.4 |
| Infliximab + Azathioprine | 31.4 | 39.9 | 42.4 | 43.7 | 45.2 |
| Infliximab + Placebo | 27.7 | 34.8 | 37.8 | 39.9 | 39.9 |
Clinical remission is defined as a CDAI < 150, compared to baseline (Week 0) (NCT00094458)
Timeframe: Weeks 2, 6, 10, 18 and 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 2 | Week 6 | Week 10 | Week 18 | Week 26 | |
| Azathioprine + Placebo | 17.6 | 27.6 | 34.1 | 33.5 | 31.8 |
| Infliximab + Azathioprine | 36.7 | 52.1 | 59.8 | 60.4 | 60.4 |
| Infliximab + Placebo | 32.5 | 49.1 | 47.3 | 49.7 | 47.9 |
Clinical remission is defined as a CDAI < 150, compared to baseline (Week 0) (NCT00094458)
Timeframe: Weeks 34, 42 and 50
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 34 | Week 42 | Week 50 | |
| Azathioprine + Placebo | 61.3 | 58.7 | 54.7 |
| Infliximab + Azathioprine | 69.4 | 73.1 | 74.1 |
| Infliximab + Placebo | 66.0 | 72.2 | 66.0 |
Clinical response, defined as a >=100-point decrease in CDAI from Baseline. (NCT00094458)
Timeframe: Weeks 2, 6, 10, 18, 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 2 | Week 6 | Week 10 | Week 18 | Week 26 | |
| Azathioprine + Placebo | 22.4 | 37.6 | 39.4 | 38.8 | 37.6 |
| Infliximab + Azathioprine | 47.3 | 63.3 | 69.2 | 62.7 | 62.1 |
| Infliximab + Placebo | 42.6 | 54.4 | 55.6 | 55.0 | 54.4 |
Clinical response, defined as a >=100-point decrease in CDAI from Baseline. (NCT00094458)
Timeframe: Weeks 34, 42, 50
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 34 | Week 42 | Week 50 | |
| Azathioprine + Placebo | 66.7 | 65.3 | 62.7 |
| Infliximab + Azathioprine | 76.9 | 77.8 | 78.7 |
| Infliximab + Placebo | 76.3 | 74.2 | 72.2 |
5 reviews available for azathioprine and Sensitivity and Specificity
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Laboratory evaluation of inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Colit | 2008 |
Induction and maintenance therapy for lupus nephritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Bias; Cyclophosphamide; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Nephritis; Mycophenoli | 2010 |
Spectrofluorimetric assay of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine in human blood plasma.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectro | 1992 |
Neutropenia is not required for clinical remission during azathioprine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Long-Term Care; | 2001 |
Assessment of thiopurine S-methyltransferase activity in patients prescribed thiopurines: a systematic review.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Genetic Testing; Genotype; Humans; Inflammation; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases | 2011 |
5 trials available for azathioprine and Sensitivity and Specificity
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Validation of endoscopic activity scores in patients with Crohn's disease based on a post hoc analysis of data from SONIC.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Crohn Disease; Disease Progression; Dru | 2013 |
Clinical disease activity, C-reactive protein normalisation and mucosal healing in Crohn's disease in the SONIC trial.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protei | 2014 |
Clinical disease activity, C-reactive protein normalisation and mucosal healing in Crohn's disease in the SONIC trial.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protei | 2014 |
Clinical disease activity, C-reactive protein normalisation and mucosal healing in Crohn's disease in the SONIC trial.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protei | 2014 |
Clinical disease activity, C-reactive protein normalisation and mucosal healing in Crohn's disease in the SONIC trial.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protei | 2014 |
Impact of thiopurine methyltransferase activity and 6-thioguanine nucleotide concentrations in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Cohort Studies; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Inf | 2006 |
Soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels in renal transplantation: comparison between clinical and laboratory analysis.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Creatinine; Cyclosporine; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbe | 1995 |
Significance of measurement of serum trough level and anti-drug antibody of adalimumab as personalised pharmacokinetics in patients with Crohn's disease: a subanalysis of the DIAMOND trial.
Topics: Adalimumab; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; | 2017 |
31 other studies available for azathioprine and Sensitivity and Specificity
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Chemical genetics reveals a complex functional ground state of neural stem cells.
Topics: Animals; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Mice; Molecular Structure; Neoplasms; Neurons; Pharmaceutic | 2007 |
Preemptive NUDT15 genotyping: redefining the management of patients with thiopurine-induced toxicity.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Genotype; Humans; India; Leukopenia; Male; Methyltransferases; Pyrophos | 2018 |
Diagnostic accuracy of intestinal ultrasound and magnetic resonance enterography for the detection of endoscopy-based disease activity in ileocolonic Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Az | 2019 |
Baseline Wall Thickness Is Lower in Mucosa-Healed Segments 1 Year After Infliximab in Pediatric Crohn Disease Patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Child; Colon; Colonoscopy; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Femal | 2017 |
A quick and simple serum test to differentiate bullous pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, and anti-epiligrin cicatricial pemphigoid.
Topics: Aged; Azathioprine; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Complement C3; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Therapy, C | 2008 |
Optimizing clinical use of azathioprine with newer pharmacogenetic data.
Topics: Azathioprine; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Fe | 2009 |
Infliximab exerts no direct hepatotoxic effect on HepG2 cells in vitro.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Cell Survival; Dose-Response Relationshi | 2012 |
[Churg-Strauss syndrome--an interdisciplinary challenge].
Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Churg-Strauss Syndrome; Cooperative Behavior; Diagnosi | 2012 |
Histological features associated with relapse after corticosteroid withdrawal in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hepatitis, Autoimmu | 2003 |
Cytokine/chemokine transcript profiles reflect mucosal inflammation in Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Case-Control Studies; Chemokines; Crohn Di | 2004 |
Azathioprine or ileocolic resection for steroid-dependent terminal ileal Crohn's disease? A Markov analysis.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Colectomy; Combined Modality Therapy; | 2004 |
Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) heterozygosity and enzyme activity as predictive tests for the development of azathioprine-related adverse events.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Azathioprine; Black People; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Gene F | 2005 |
Diagnostic validity of hepatocyte growth factor as marker for rejection in the follow-up of patients after heart transplantation.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Biopsy; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy | 2005 |
Antibodies to filamentous actin (F-actin) in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis.
Topics: Actins; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Case-C | 2006 |
Quantitative determination and sampling of azathioprine residues for cleaning validation in production area.
Topics: Azathioprine; Chromatography, Liquid; Decontamination; Drug Contamination; Immunosuppressive Agents; | 2007 |
Hepatotoxicity of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and Azathioprine (AZA) in adult IBD patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injur | 2007 |
The total costs of drug therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. A model based on costs of drug, monitoring, and toxicity.
Topics: Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Boston; Decision Trees; Diagnosis-Related | 1995 |
[99mTc-DTPA scintigraphy in renal transplantation. Limitations related to the immunosuppressor used].
Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Graft Rejection; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Transplantation; Kidney | 1993 |
Degree and sequential change of peripheral blood microchimerism in renal transplant recipients.
Topics: Azathioprine; Base Sequence; Blood Transfusion; Chimera; Cyclosporine; DNA Primers; Female; Follow-U | 1996 |
High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the measurement of azathioprine in human serum samples.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Male; Sensitivity and Specificity | 1996 |
Simultaneous determination of 6-thioguanine and methyl 6-mercaptopurine nucleotides of azathioprine in red blood cells by HPLC.
Topics: Azathioprine; Biotransformation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Erythrocytes; Heart-Lung Tran | 1998 |
A HPLC method for the monitoring of human red cell 6-thioguanine and methyl 6-mercaptopurine in a single run.
Topics: Azathioprine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Monitoring; Erythrocytes; Heart-Lung Transp | 1998 |
Flow cytometry crossmatch: a sensitive technique for assessment of acute rejection in renal transplantation.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Biopsy, Needle; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Flow Cytometry | 1998 |
Determination of azathioprine and its related substances by capillary zone electrophoresis and its application to pharmaceutical dosage forms assay.
Topics: Antirheumatic Agents; Azathioprine; Dosage Forms; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Humans; Reproducibilit | 2000 |
A comparison of molecular and enzyme-based assays for the detection of thiopurine methyltransferase mutations.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Blood Donors; Child; Child, Preschool; DNA Mutational Analysis; Fem | 2000 |
An improved echocardiographic rejection-surveillance strategy following pediatric heart transplantation.
Topics: Age Factors; Algorithms; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Cardiac Volume; Chi-Square Distribution; Cyclosporine | 2000 |
A model for analyzing the cost of the main clinical events after lung transplantation.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Child; Cyclosporine; Female; Health Care Costs; Humans; Immunosuppressive | 2001 |
Clinical image: occult large vessel vasculitis diagnosed by PET imaging.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aged; Aorta, Abdominal; Aorta, Thoracic; Aortitis; Arteritis; Azathioprine; | 2001 |
Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs): generation of specific antibodies, development of an immunoperoxidase assay (IPA) and inhibition by AZT.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Antibody Specificity; Azathioprine; Cells, Cultured | 2001 |
Prediction of Thiopurine Metabolite Levels Based on Haematological and Biochemical Parameters.
Topics: Adolescent; Area Under Curve; Child; Drug Monitoring; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressiv | 2019 |
Assessment of thiopurine methyltransferase enzyme activity is superior to genotype in predicting myelosuppression following azathioprine therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Clinical Enzyme Tests; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Genetic Techniques; G | 2007 |