Page last updated: 2024-10-23

azathioprine and Sclerosis, Systemic

azathioprine has been researched along with Sclerosis, Systemic in 58 studies

Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" This suggests that treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in SSc with low-dose prednisolone and IV CYC followed by AZA stabilizes lung function in a subset of patients with the disease."9.12A multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of corticosteroids and intravenous cyclophosphamide followed by oral azathioprine for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in scleroderma. ( Black, CM; Denton, CP; Desai, S; du Bois, RM; Ellis, RW; Emery, P; Foley, NM; Goh, NS; Herrick, AL; Hoyles, RK; Lees, B; McHugh, NJ; Newlands, P; Pearson, SB; Roberts, C; Veale, DJ; Wells, AU; Wellsbury, J, 2006)
" This suggests that treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in SSc with low-dose prednisolone and IV CYC followed by AZA stabilizes lung function in a subset of patients with the disease."5.12A multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of corticosteroids and intravenous cyclophosphamide followed by oral azathioprine for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in scleroderma. ( Black, CM; Denton, CP; Desai, S; du Bois, RM; Ellis, RW; Emery, P; Foley, NM; Goh, NS; Herrick, AL; Hoyles, RK; Lees, B; McHugh, NJ; Newlands, P; Pearson, SB; Roberts, C; Veale, DJ; Wells, AU; Wellsbury, J, 2006)
" We report a case of a 70-year-old woman, who was diagnosed with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis and psoriasis vulgaris and was treated with oral azathioprine (50 mg/d) and prednisolone (10 mg/d), topical corticosteroids, and calcipotriols."4.31Case of systemic sclerosis overlapping with psoriasis. ( Hua, X; Rao, L; Tan, H; Xie, Y; Zhou, P, 2023)
"Our patient with SSC-myositis overlap and severe dysphagia requiring PEG feeding, improved with high dose corticosteroids, azathioprine, two courses of IVIG and rituximab, and remained in remission 20 months after hospital discharge."3.85Recovery from severe dysphagia in systemic sclerosis - myositis overlap: a case report. ( Chinniah, KJ; Mody, GM, 2017)
" Patients were treated with azathioprine and low-dose prednisone if they had progressive pulmonary symptoms (deterioration in the dyspnea score) or poor or deteriorating lung function."3.72Experience with azathioprine in systemic sclerosis associated with interstitial lung disease. ( Cassim, B; Dheda, K; Lalloo, UG; Mody, GM, 2004)
" During first 6 months of the trial, the patients also received prednisolone, which was started at a dosage of 15 mg daily and tapered to zero by the end of the sixth month."2.72A randomized unblinded trial of cyclophosphamide versus azathioprine in the treatment of systemic sclerosis. ( Davis, P; Fritzler, M; Kovalenko, W; Nadashkevich, O, 2006)
"Azathioprine (AZA) is an immunosuppressant commonly used for organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases."2.42Drug eruption caused by azathioprine: value of using the drug-induced lymphocytes stimulation test for diagnosis. ( Hakamada, A; Isoda, K; Kaketa, M; Mizutani, H; Mori, H; Tamada, K; Yamanaka, K; Yamanishi, K, 2004)
"European data indicate that systemic sclerosis (SSc)-related death rates are increasing, thus raising concerns about SSc's optimal management."1.56Treatment modalities and drug survival in a systemic sclerosis real-life patient cohort. ( Bertsias, G; Boumpas, D; Bournia, VK; Chatzidionysiou, Κ; Daoussis, D; Dimitroulas, T; Drosos, AA; Garyfallos, Α; Georgiopoulos, G; Liossis, SC; Panopoulos, S; Sakkas, L; Sfikakis, PP; Sidiropoulos, P; Tektonidou, MG; Thomas, K; Vassilopoulos, D; Vosvotekas, G; Voulgari, PV, 2020)
"Forty-nine patients affected by systemic sclerosis (44 women and five men, mean age 52."1.35Cyclophosphamide treatment improves microvessel damage in systemic sclerosis. ( Bambara, LM; Biasi, D; Caramaschi, P; Mahamid, H; Pieropan, S; Tinazzi, I; Volpe, A, 2009)
"Primary systemic sclerosis (PSS) is such a disease characterised by multi-organ fibrosis."1.35Graves' disease associated with primary systemic sclerosis. ( Wimmersberger, Y; Zuercher, D, 2009)
" The mean dosage of azathioprin and prednisone in patients with SLE did not significantly differ from the non-SLE group."1.27[Reactivation of the alpha 1-fetoprotein synthesis in systemic lupus erythematosus]. ( Knopf, B; Schulze, M; Wollina, U, 1985)
"A female patient showed signs of osteomyelofibrosis after being treated for 70 months."1.26[Progressive systemic sclerosis - long-term treatment with azathioprin (author's transl)]. ( Jäckle, B; Maas, D; Raif, W; Schramm, A; Schubothe, H, 1979)
"All but one of 28 patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) who were studied prospectively had arthralgia, and 15 of them had noticed joint swelling."1.26Articular manifestations of mixed connective tissue disease. ( Alarcón-Segovia, D; Hernández-Ortíz, J; Ramos-Niembro, F, 1979)

Research

Studies (58)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199026 (44.83)18.7374
1990's6 (10.34)18.2507
2000's13 (22.41)29.6817
2010's8 (13.79)24.3611
2020's5 (8.62)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Xie, Y1
Hua, X1
Tan, H1
Rao, L1
Zhou, P1
Jelovac, M1
Kotur, N1
Ristivojevic, B1
Pavlovic, D1
Spasovski, V1
Damjanov, N1
Pavlovic, S1
Zukic, B1
Panopoulos, S1
Chatzidionysiou, Κ1
Tektonidou, MG1
Bournia, VK1
Drosos, AA1
Liossis, SC1
Dimitroulas, T1
Sakkas, L1
Boumpas, D1
Voulgari, PV1
Daoussis, D1
Thomas, K1
Georgiopoulos, G1
Vosvotekas, G1
Garyfallos, Α1
Sidiropoulos, P1
Bertsias, G1
Vassilopoulos, D1
Sfikakis, PP1
Kiboshi, T1
Kotani, T1
Konma, J1
Makino, H1
Matsuda, S1
Suzuka, T1
Wada, Y1
Shiba, H1
Hata, K1
Shoda, T1
Takeuchi, T1
Chinniah, KJ1
Mody, GM2
Zheng, JN1
Yang, QR1
Zhu, GQ1
Pan, L1
Xia, JX1
Wang, Q1
Cappelli, S1
Bellando-Randone, S1
Guiducci, S1
Matucci-Cerinic, M1
Poormoghim, H1
Rezaei, N1
Sheidaie, Z1
Almasi, AR1
Moradi-Lakeh, M1
Almasi, S1
Andalib, E1
Iudici, M1
Cuomo, G1
Vettori, S1
Bocchino, M1
Sanduzzi Zamparelli, A1
Cappabianca, S1
Valentini, G1
Goh, KG1
Ong, SG1
Robles-Perez, A1
Molina-Molina, M1
Caramaschi, P1
Volpe, A1
Pieropan, S1
Tinazzi, I1
Mahamid, H1
Bambara, LM1
Biasi, D1
Quillinan, NP1
Denton, CP2
Wimmersberger, Y1
Zuercher, D1
Bussone, G1
Mouthon, L2
Chan, PT1
Mok, CC1
Dheda, K1
Lalloo, UG1
Cassim, B1
Jacobi, AM1
Feist, E1
Rudolph, B1
Burmester, GR1
Mori, H1
Yamanaka, K1
Kaketa, M1
Tamada, K1
Hakamada, A1
Isoda, K1
Yamanishi, K1
Mizutani, H1
Nadashkevich, O1
Davis, P1
Fritzler, M1
Kovalenko, W1
Hoyles, RK1
Ellis, RW1
Wellsbury, J1
Lees, B1
Newlands, P1
Goh, NS1
Roberts, C1
Desai, S1
Herrick, AL1
McHugh, NJ1
Foley, NM1
Pearson, SB1
Emery, P1
Veale, DJ1
Wells, AU1
Black, CM1
du Bois, RM1
Scheja, A1
Hesselstrand, R1
Wildt, M1
Akesson, A1
Domysławska, I1
Ciołkiewicz, M1
Kowal-Bielecka, O1
Lewszuk, A1
Klimiuk, PA1
Sierakowski, S1
Bérezné, A1
Ranque, B1
Valeyre, D1
Brauner, M1
Allanore, Y1
Launay, D1
Le Guern, V1
Kahn, JE1
Couderc, LJ1
Constans, J1
Cohen, P1
Mahr, A1
Pagnoux, C1
Hachulla, E1
Kahan, A1
Cabane, J1
Guillevin, L1
Choy, E1
Kingsley, G1
Panayi, G1
Bottomley, WW1
Sheehan-Dare, RA1
Hughes, P1
Cunliffe, WJ1
Komócsi, A1
Kumánovics, G1
Zibotics, H1
Czirják, L1
Hellmich, B1
Schnabel, A1
Bauer, T1
Schatz, H1
Pirofsky, B1
Bardana, EJ1
Schulze, P1
Alexander, M1
Kampf, D1
Kurwa, AR1
Denman, AM1
Maas, D1
Schramm, A1
Jäckle, B1
Raif, W1
Schubothe, H1
Ramos-Niembro, F1
Alarcón-Segovia, D1
Hernández-Ortíz, J1
Faust, G1
Zöller, B1
Brinkrolf, H1
Yamada, H1
Ogawa, H1
Sönnichsen, N1
Brenke, A2
Ruiz, JC1
Val, F1
de Francisco, AL1
de Bonis, E1
Zubimendi, JA1
Prieto, M1
Canga, E1
Sanz de Castro, S1
Arias, M1
Witt, C1
Neuhaus, K1
Winsel, K1
Hiepe, F1
Volk, HD1
Wollina, U1
Schulze, M1
Knopf, B1
Laaff, H1
Balle, C1
Schön, S1
Freudenberg, N1
Schollmeyer, P1
Peter, HH1
Hällgren, R1
Svenson, K1
Johansson, E1
Lindh, U1
Götzel, L1
Wüthrich, B1
Delespesse, G1
Kennes, B1
Duchateau, J1
Moeschlin, S1
Klein, G2
Fellner, S1
Fellner, R1
Skinner, MD1
Schwartz, RS1
Kerl, H1
Sandhofer, M1
Saporta, L1
Godeau, P1
Delrieu, F1
Delbarre, F1
Rosenthal, DS1
Sack, B1
Califano, A1
Cainelli, T1
Ghislanzoni, G1
Kostanecki, W1
Mazurkiewicz, W1
Górkiewicz, A1
Zborzil, J1
Cruchaud, A1
Schuppli, R2
Thivolet, J1
Perrot, H1
Jansen, GT1
Barraza, DF1
Ballard, JL1
Honeycutt, WM1
Dillaha, CJ1

Clinical Trials (2)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
A Randomized, Double Blind Controlled Trial Comparing Rituximab Against Intravenous Cyclophosphamide in Connective Tissue Disease Associated Interstitial Lung Disease[NCT01862926]Phase 2/Phase 3104 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-11-30Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare the Efficacy of Oral Mycophenolate Mofetil With Placebo in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis Related Early Interstitial Lung Disease[NCT02896205]Phase 341 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-10-31Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Reviews

11 reviews available for azathioprine and Sclerosis, Systemic

ArticleYear
Is immunosuppressive therapy the anchor treatment to achieve remission in systemic sclerosis?
    Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2014, Volume: 53, Issue:6

    Topics: Azathioprine; Biological Products; Cyclophosphamide; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Methotrexate;

2014
Treatment Considerations of Lung Involvement in Rheumatologic Disease.
    Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases, 2015, Volume: 90, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide

2015
Disease-modifying treatment in systemic sclerosis: current status.
    Current opinion in rheumatology, 2009, Volume: 21, Issue:6

    Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; Autoantigens; Azathioprine; Collagen

2009
Interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis.
    Autoimmunity reviews, 2011, Volume: 10, Issue:5

    Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Contraindications; Cyclophosph

2011
Pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis.
    Clinical rheumatology, 2012, Volume: 31, Issue:8

    Topics: Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; Antirheumatic Agents; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Cyclophosphamide

2012
Drug eruption caused by azathioprine: value of using the drug-induced lymphocytes stimulation test for diagnosis.
    The Journal of dermatology, 2004, Volume: 31, Issue:9

    Topics: Azathioprine; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Eruptions; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lym

2004
Immunosuppressive therapy in rheumatic disease.
    The Medical clinics of North America, 1977, Volume: 61, Issue:2

    Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclophosphamide; Dermatomyositis; Gr

1977
[Indications and limits of long-term therapy with immunosuppressive (and cytostatic) agents in various chronic skin diseases].
    Zeitschrift fur arztliche Fortbildung, 1977, Jun-15, Volume: 71, Issue:12

    Topics: Arthritis, Reactive; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Cyclophosphamide; Dermatomyositis; Humans; Immun

1977
[Immunovasculitis-- differential diagnosis and therapy of inflammatory systemic diseases].
    Die Medizinische Welt, 1976, Jun-25, Volume: 27, Issue:26

    Topics: Adult; Angiography; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Diagnosis, Differentia

1976
[Auto-immune diseases and immunodepressive therapy. II. Current clinical indications].
    Acta clinica Belgica, 1974, Volume: 29, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Antineoplastic Agents; Arteritis; Autoimmune

1974
Immunosuppressive therapy. 1.
    The New England journal of medicine, 1972, Aug-03, Volume: 287, Issue:5

    Topics: Alkylating Agents; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Antibodies; Antimetabolites; Arthritis, Rheumatoid

1972

Trials

5 trials available for azathioprine and Sclerosis, Systemic

ArticleYear
A randomized unblinded trial of cyclophosphamide versus azathioprine in the treatment of systemic sclerosis.
    Clinical rheumatology, 2006, Volume: 25, Issue:2

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive

2006
A multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of corticosteroids and intravenous cyclophosphamide followed by oral azathioprine for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in scleroderma.
    Arthritis and rheumatism, 2006, Volume: 54, Issue:12

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Double-Blind Method;

2006
A multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of corticosteroids and intravenous cyclophosphamide followed by oral azathioprine for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in scleroderma.
    Arthritis and rheumatism, 2006, Volume: 54, Issue:12

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Double-Blind Method;

2006
A multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of corticosteroids and intravenous cyclophosphamide followed by oral azathioprine for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in scleroderma.
    Arthritis and rheumatism, 2006, Volume: 54, Issue:12

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Double-Blind Method;

2006
A multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of corticosteroids and intravenous cyclophosphamide followed by oral azathioprine for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in scleroderma.
    Arthritis and rheumatism, 2006, Volume: 54, Issue:12

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Double-Blind Method;

2006
Immunosuppressive therapy in rheumatic disease.
    The Medical clinics of North America, 1977, Volume: 61, Issue:2

    Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclophosphamide; Dermatomyositis; Gr

1977
[Indomethacin in rheumatic diseases with special reference to ophthalmologic studies].
    Medizinische Klinik, 1972, Feb-25, Volume: 67, Issue:8

    Topics: Allopurinol; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Blood Cells; Capsules; Clinical Trials as Topic; E

1972
Immunosuppressive therapy. 1.
    The New England journal of medicine, 1972, Aug-03, Volume: 287, Issue:5

    Topics: Alkylating Agents; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Antibodies; Antimetabolites; Arthritis, Rheumatoid

1972

Other Studies

44 other studies available for azathioprine and Sclerosis, Systemic

ArticleYear
Case of systemic sclerosis overlapping with psoriasis.
    International journal of rheumatic diseases, 2023, Volume: 26, Issue:6

    Topics: Aged; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Prednisolone; Psoriasis; Scleroderma, Diffuse; Scleroderma, Syst

2023
Can Pharmacogenetic Variants in
    International journal of molecular sciences, 2023, May-10, Volume: 24, Issue:10

    Topics: Azathioprine; Genotype; Humans; Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1; Methotrexate; Methylenet

2023
Treatment modalities and drug survival in a systemic sclerosis real-life patient cohort.
    Arthritis research & therapy, 2020, 03-23, Volume: 22, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Cyclophosphamide; Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; Female

2020
Comparison of therapeutic effects of combination therapy with prednisolone and tacrolimus or azathioprine on progressive interstitial pneumonia with systemic sclerosis.
    Modern rheumatology, 2022, Feb-28, Volume: 32, Issue:2

    Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fibrosis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lung Diseases,

2022
Recovery from severe dysphagia in systemic sclerosis - myositis overlap: a case report.
    African health sciences, 2017, Volume: 17, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Deglutition Disorders; Drug Therapy, Combin

2017
Comparative efficacy and safety of immunosuppressive therapies for systemic sclerosis related interstitial lung disease: A Bayesian network analysis.
    Modern rheumatology, 2020, Volume: 30, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bayes Theorem; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lung

2020
Systemic sclerosis: comparison of efficacy of oral cyclophosphamide and azathioprine on skin score and pulmonary involvement-a retrospective study.
    Rheumatology international, 2014, Volume: 34, Issue:12

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female

2014
Low-dose pulse cyclophosphamide in interstitial lung disease associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc-ILD): efficacy of maintenance immunosuppression in responders and non-responders.
    Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, 2015, Volume: 44, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination;

2015
Recurrent spontaneous subdural hematoma secondary to immune thrombocytopenia in a patient with overlap syndrome.
    Lupus, 2015, Volume: 24, Issue:1

    Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Hematoma, Subdural; Humans; Immuno

2015
Cyclophosphamide treatment improves microvessel damage in systemic sclerosis.
    Clinical rheumatology, 2009, Volume: 28, Issue:4

    Topics: Aged; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Immune System; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infla

2009
Graves' disease associated with primary systemic sclerosis.
    Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2009, Volume: 28, Issue:4

    Topics: Azathioprine; Bosentan; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucocorticoids; Graves

2009
Experience with azathioprine in systemic sclerosis associated with interstitial lung disease.
    Clinical rheumatology, 2004, Volume: 23, Issue:4

    Topics: Azathioprine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dyspnea; Female; Glucocor

2004
Sinusoidal dilatation: a rare side effect of azathioprine.
    Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2004, Volume: 63, Issue:12

    Topics: Azathioprine; Dilatation, Pathologic; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Liver; Liver Cirrhos

2004
Relapse of skin thickening after discontinuation or decrease of azathioprine therapy in a patient with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis.
    Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2007, Volume: 46, Issue:12

    Topics: Aged; Azathioprine; Biopsy, Needle; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule;

2007
[Coexistence of scleroderma-like syndrome and idiopathic myelofibrosis in a 54-year-old female patient: case report].
    Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej, 2007, Volume: 117, Issue:8

    Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hydroxyurea; Immunosuppressive

2007
Therapeutic strategy combining intravenous cyclophosphamide followed by oral azathioprine to treat worsening interstitial lung disease associated with systemic sclerosis: a retrospective multicenter open-label study.
    The Journal of rheumatology, 2008, Volume: 35, Issue:6

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Antirheumatic Agents; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Com

2008
Systemic sclerosis occurring in a patient with Adamantiades-Behçet's disease.
    British journal of rheumatology, 1993, Volume: 32, Issue:2

    Topics: Azathioprine; Behcet Syndrome; Female; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Middle Aged; Scleroderma,

1993
A sclerodermatous syndrome with unusual features following prolonged occupational exposure to organic solvents.
    The British journal of dermatology, 1993, Volume: 128, Issue:2

    Topics: Azathioprine; Chemical Industry; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Occupational Diseases; Prednisolone; Scl

1993
Alveolitis may persist during treatment that sufficiently controls muscle inflammation in myositis.
    Rheumatology international, 2001, Volume: 20, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Dermatomyositis; Drug Therapy, Combination;

2001
[Interstitial pulmonary disease in systemic scleroderma: treatment].
    Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2002, Mar-08, Volume: 127, Issue:10

    Topics: Azathioprine; Cytokines; Glucocorticoids; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Immunosup

2002
[Hyperergic collagenoses. Clinical aspects, differential diagnosis and therapy (author's transl)].
    MMW, Munchener medizinische Wochenschrift, 1977, Oct-21, Volume: 119, Issue:42

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Azathioprine; Child; Collagen Diseases; Cyclophosphamide; Derm

1977
Scleroderma treated with immunosuppressive drugs.
    The British journal of dermatology, 1979, Volume: 101 Suppl 17

    Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Middle Aged; Prednisol

1979
[Progressive systemic sclerosis - long-term treatment with azathioprin (author's transl)].
    Immunitat und Infektion, 1979, Volume: 7, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Antinuclear; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; P

1979
Articular manifestations of mixed connective tissue disease.
    Arthritis and rheumatism, 1979, Volume: 22, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Child; Female; Huma

1979
[Plasma exchange therapy of dermatosis].
    Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 1992, Volume: 50 Suppl

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Betamethasone; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Pemphigoid

1992
[Therapeutic possibilities in systemic scleroderma].
    Zeitschrift fur arztliche Fortbildung, 1992, Mar-10, Volume: 86, Issue:5

    Topics: Antibodies, Antinuclear; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Combined Modality Therapy; Dose-Response Rela

1992
Progressive systemic sclerosis and renal transplantation: a contraindication to the use of cyclosporine A?
    Transplantation proceedings, 1991, Volume: 23, Issue:4

    Topics: Azathioprine; Contraindications; Cyclosporins; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Kidney; Ki

1991
[Bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with systemic scleroderma and systemic lupus erythematosus: characterization of cell activity by cytofluorometry, chemiluminescence and differential cell count].
    Zeitschrift fur Erkrankungen der Atmungsorgane, 1991, Volume: 176, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; B-Lymphocyte Subsets; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Female; Flow Cytometry; Hum

1991
[Reactivation of the alpha 1-fetoprotein synthesis in systemic lupus erythematosus].
    Zeitschrift fur Hautkrankheiten, 1985, Jun-01, Volume: 60, Issue:11

    Topics: Alanine Transaminase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Antibodies; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aspartate Aminotransfer

1985
[Rapid decrease in renal function (scleroderma renal crisis) in progressive systemic sclerosis treated with immunosuppressive agents].
    Medizinische Klinik (Munich, Germany : 1983), 1988, Apr-29, Volume: 83, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney Function Tests; Middle Aged; Pr

1988
Abnormal calcium and magnesium stores in erythrocytes and granulocytes from patients with inflammatory connective tissue diseases. Relationship to inflammatory activity and effect of corticosteroid therapy.
    Arthritis and rheumatism, 1985, Volume: 28, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Calcium; Cyclophosphamide;

1985
[Complications of immunosuppressive therapy using cytostatics in autoaggression diseases with special reference to cholestatic hepatosis].
    Zeitschrift fur die gesamte innere Medizin und ihre Grenzgebiete, 1973, Jun-01, Volume: 28, Issue:11

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury;

1973
[Treatment of scleroderma].
    Schweizerische Rundschau fur Medizin Praxis = Revue suisse de medecine Praxis, 1973, Sep-18, Volume: 62, Issue:38

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Antimalarials; Azathioprine; Dextrans; Edetic

1973
[Treatment of autoimmune diseases].
    Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, 1971, Oct-02, Volume: 101, Issue:39

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aged; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Antilymphocyte Serum; Autoimmune Disea

1971
[Treatment of "collagen and autoimmune" diseases (author's transl)].
    Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 1973, Nov-23, Volume: 85, Issue:47

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aminobenzoates; Azathioprine; Chloroquine; Cyclophosphamide; Dermatomyositis; Dex

1973
[Generalized scleroderma. Treatment with immunosuppressive agents].
    La Nouvelle presse medicale, 1972, Jul-22, Volume: 1, Issue:29

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male;

1972
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in scleroderma.
    JAMA, 1971, Jun-21, Volume: 216, Issue:12

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Azathioprine; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Coombs

1971
[1st data on the immunosuppressive therapy of scleroderma].
    Giornale italiano di dermatolotia. Minerva dermatologica, 1971, Volume: 46, Issue:7

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Scleroderma, Systemic

1971
[Hair changes in immunosuppressive therapy].
    Zeitschrift fur Haut- und Geschlechtskrankheiten, 1971, Volume: 46, Issue:19

    Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Hair; Humans; Immunosuppression

1971
[Immunosuppressive treatment of collagen diseases].
    Therapeutische Umschau. Revue therapeutique, 1969, Volume: 26, Issue:12

    Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Collagen Diseases; Cyclophosphamide; Dermatomyosi

1969
[Practical use of immunosuppressive and cytostatic drugs in dermatological diseases].
    Minerva medica, 1970, Jul-11, Volume: 61, Issue:55

    Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Condylomata Acuminata; Fluorouracil; Humans; Immunosuppressive

1970
[Treatment of dermatologic lesions using immunosuppressive agents and cytostatics].
    Munchener medizinische Wochenschrift (1950), 1970, Mar-20, Volume: 112, Issue:12

    Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Dermatomyositis; Fluorouracil; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents

1970
[So-called immunosuppressive cytotoxic medication in acute disseminated lupus erythematosus and scleroderma].
    Bulletin de la Societe francaise de dermatologie et de syphiligraphie, 1970, Volume: 77, Issue:3

    Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppres

1970
Generalized scleroderma. Treatment with an immunosuppressive agent.
    Archives of dermatology, 1968, Volume: 97, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Blood Sedimentation; Child; Female; Humans; Latex Fixation Tests; Male; M

1968