azathioprine has been researched along with Retinal Diseases in 16 studies
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.
Retinal Diseases: Diseases involving the RETINA.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "Azathioprine is commonly used as a second-line immunosuppressive agent in the management of patients with retinal vasculitis." | 7.70 | The role of azathioprine in the management of retinal vasculitis. ( Graham, EM; Greenwood, AJ; Stanford, MR, 1998) |
| "Azathioprine is commonly used as a second-line immunosuppressive agent in the management of patients with retinal vasculitis." | 3.70 | The role of azathioprine in the management of retinal vasculitis. ( Graham, EM; Greenwood, AJ; Stanford, MR, 1998) |
| " A young patient presenting with toxic maculopathy after 57 g of hydroxychloroquine and a daily dosage of 2 mg/kg body weight prompted us to retrospectively look at our patients examined in this respect over about 1 year." | 1.34 | [Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine: variability of retinotoxic cumulative doses]. ( Berndt, S; Foerster, J; Rüther, K; Schroeter, J, 2007) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 3 (18.75) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 5 (31.25) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 4 (25.00) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 1 (6.25) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 3 (18.75) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Shah, M | 1 |
| Pradhan, A | 1 |
| Dutta Majumder, P | 1 |
| Bajgai, P | 1 |
| Sharma, A | 1 |
| Singh, R | 1 |
| Sakaguchi, H | 1 |
| Mizuochi, T | 1 |
| Haruta, M | 1 |
| Takase, R | 1 |
| Yoshida, S | 1 |
| Yamashita, Y | 1 |
| Nishikomori, R | 1 |
| Ferreyra, HA | 1 |
| Jayasundera, T | 1 |
| Khan, NW | 1 |
| He, S | 1 |
| Lu, Y | 1 |
| Heckenlively, JR | 1 |
| Joswig, H | 1 |
| Flueckiger, C | 1 |
| Infanger, A | 1 |
| Tettenborn, B | 1 |
| Felbecker, A | 1 |
| Kiss, S | 1 |
| Ahmed, M | 1 |
| Letko, E | 1 |
| Foster, CS | 1 |
| Rüther, K | 1 |
| Foerster, J | 1 |
| Berndt, S | 1 |
| Schroeter, J | 1 |
| Cuchacovich, M | 1 |
| Pacheco, P | 1 |
| Díaz, G | 1 |
| Rojas, B | 1 |
| Stoppel, J | 1 |
| Merino, G | 1 |
| Verdaguer, JI | 1 |
| Verdaguer, J | 1 |
| Villarroel, F | 1 |
| Bunch, TW | 1 |
| O'Duffy, JD | 1 |
| Cotter, PB | 1 |
| Weiter, JJ | 1 |
| Howe, LJ | 1 |
| Stanford, MR | 2 |
| Edelsten, C | 1 |
| Graham, EM | 2 |
| Greenwood, AJ | 1 |
| Apaydin, C | 1 |
| Gur, B | 1 |
| Yakupoglu, G | 1 |
| Saka, O | 1 |
| Nicolle, MW | 1 |
| McLachlan, RS | 1 |
| Urowitz, MB | 1 |
| Lee, P | 1 |
| Oechslin, M | 1 |
| Thiel, G | 1 |
| Landmann, J | 1 |
| Gloor, B | 1 |
3 reviews available for azathioprine and Retinal Diseases
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; AIRE Protein; Autoantibodies; Autoimmune Disea | 2021 |
Disease-modifying drugs for progressive rheumatoid arthritis.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aurothioglucose; Azathioprine; Chloroquine; Cyclophosphamide; Gold; Gold Sodi | 1980 |
The risks of antimalarial retinopathy, azathioprine lymphoma and methotrexate hepatotoxicity during the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Topics: Antimalarials; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Humans; | 1990 |
1 trial available for azathioprine and Retinal Diseases
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
[Role of Azathioprine in steroid resistant non infectious ocular inflammatory diseases].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Choroid Diseases; Drug Resistance; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2007 |
12 other studies available for azathioprine and Retinal Diseases
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Leopard retinopathy: An unusual presentation of sympathetic ophthalmia.
Topics: Aged; Azathioprine; Eye; Humans; Male; Ophthalmia, Sympathetic; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; | 2023 |
Disseminated Tubercular Granulomas Associated with the Use of Azathioprine.
Topics: Antitubercular Agents; Azathioprine; Choroid Diseases; Coloring Agents; Female; Fluorescein Angiogra | 2021 |
Management of autoimmune retinopathies with immunosuppression.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Autoantibodies; Autoantigens; Autoimmune Diseases; Azath | 2009 |
Recurring meningoencephalitis in sinusitis-associated acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy under prednisone tapering.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Diagnosis, Differential; Fundus Oculi; Humans; Immunosuppres | 2011 |
Long-term follow-up of patients with birdshot retinochoroidopathy treated with corticosteroid-sparing systemic immunomodulatory therapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Choroid Diseas | 2005 |
[Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine: variability of retinotoxic cumulative doses].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antirheumatic Agents; Azathioprine; Child; Chloroquine; Dose-Response Relat | 2007 |
Retinopathy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Communicable Diseases; Female; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Prednison | 1982 |
The efficacy of systemic corticosteroids in sight-threatening retinal vasculitis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Pre | 1994 |
The role of azathioprine in the management of retinal vasculitis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fema | 1998 |
Ocular and visual side effects of systemic cyclosporine.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Cataract; Cyclosporine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glucocorticoids; | 1992 |
Microangiopathy with retinopathy, encephalopathy, and deafness (RED-M) and systemic features.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Cardiolipins; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Imm | 1991 |
Cotton-wool exudates not observed in recipients of renal transplants treated with cyclosporine.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Cyclosporins; Drug Therapy, Combination; F | 1986 |