Page last updated: 2024-10-23

azathioprine and Opportunistic Infections

azathioprine has been researched along with Opportunistic Infections in 74 studies

Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.

Opportunistic Infections: An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"We studied the infection rate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with low-dose methotrexate (MTX) in a 6-year open prospective study and in a 12-month randomized double blind trial comparing MTX with azathioprine (AZA) that was followed by a 3-year open prospective study."10.17Infections during low-dose methotrexate treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. ( Boerbooms, AM; Kerstens, PJ; Mulder, J; van de Putte, LB; van Loenhout, JW, 1995)
"A patient is presented with Crohn disease who developed tuberculous pleurisy while treated with azathioprine."7.71Tuberculous pleurisy: an unusual complication during treatment of Crohn disease with azathioprine. ( Meijssen, MA; van Wijngaarden, P, 2001)
"Opportunistic infections after long-term treatment with azathioprine (AZA) have not been noted in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG)."7.70[Myasthenia gravis. Opportunistic cytomegalovirus infection after long-term azathioprine therapy]. ( Büttner, U; Eisensehr, I; Spuler, S; von Appen, K; Witt, TN, 1999)
"We studied the infection rate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with low-dose methotrexate (MTX) in a 6-year open prospective study and in a 12-month randomized double blind trial comparing MTX with azathioprine (AZA) that was followed by a 3-year open prospective study."6.17Infections during low-dose methotrexate treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. ( Boerbooms, AM; Kerstens, PJ; Mulder, J; van de Putte, LB; van Loenhout, JW, 1995)
" In this subgroup, thiopurine dosing was modified in 64% (dosage reduction: 32%, medication discontinued: 32%)."5.43The Impact of Azathioprine-Associated Lymphopenia on the Onset of Opportunistic Infections in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. ( Biedermann, L; Frei, P; Fried, M; Rogler, G; Scharl, M; Scharl, S; Sulz, MC; Vavricka, SR; Vögelin, M; Zeitz, J, 2016)
"This report extends the randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial at 14 centers in the United States that compared triple-therapy regimens containing mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), 2 or 3 g, with a similar regimen containing azathioprine (AZA) in recipients of cadaveric renal allografts."5.09Mycophenolate mofetil in cadaveric renal transplantation. US Renal Transplant Mycophenolate Mofetil Study Group. ( , 1999)
" Under immunosuppressive treatment with azathioprine and steroids, the patient developed cytomegalovirus (CMV) enteritis which was triggered by therapy-induced leukopenia."3.75[A 55-year-old woman with thymoma and hypogammaglobulinemia (Good syndrome), ulcerative colitis, and cytomegalovirus infection]. ( Baba, HA; Gerken, G; Kahraman, A; Maldonado-Lopez, E; Miller, M; Treichel, U, 2009)
"A patient is presented with Crohn disease who developed tuberculous pleurisy while treated with azathioprine."3.71Tuberculous pleurisy: an unusual complication during treatment of Crohn disease with azathioprine. ( Meijssen, MA; van Wijngaarden, P, 2001)
"Opportunistic infections after long-term treatment with azathioprine (AZA) have not been noted in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG)."3.70[Myasthenia gravis. Opportunistic cytomegalovirus infection after long-term azathioprine therapy]. ( Büttner, U; Eisensehr, I; Spuler, S; von Appen, K; Witt, TN, 1999)
"Hypertension develops in most patients after transplantation when immunosuppression is based on cyclosporine and prednisone."3.68De novo hypertension after liver transplantation. ( Textor, SC, 1993)
"Rates of malignancy were within published ranges for transplant recipients."2.68Mycophenolate mofetil for maintenance therapy in kidney transplantation. ( Gonwa, TA, 1996)
"Significant increases in Crohn's disease incidence have been noticed in recent decades."2.58[Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - Diagnosis and Therapy in Practice]. ( Klugmann, T; Teich, N, 2018)
" Fortunately, the absolute incidence of serious toxicity remains low, and an improved understanding of how best to minimize risk and the recognition of groups of patients at higher risk of toxicity from thiopurines means that they remain a relatively safe therapy in the majority of patients."2.52Toxicity and response to thiopurines in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. ( Goldberg, R; Irving, PM, 2015)
"Azathioprine has been available as an immunosuppressive agent for over 40 years, and current routine usage in dermatology is not restricted to licensed indications."2.42Guidelines for prescribing azathioprine in dermatology. ( Anstey, AV; Reynolds, NJ; Wakelin, S, 2004)
" In this subgroup, thiopurine dosing was modified in 64% (dosage reduction: 32%, medication discontinued: 32%)."1.43The Impact of Azathioprine-Associated Lymphopenia on the Onset of Opportunistic Infections in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. ( Biedermann, L; Frei, P; Fried, M; Rogler, G; Scharl, M; Scharl, S; Sulz, MC; Vavricka, SR; Vögelin, M; Zeitz, J, 2016)
"Treatment with azathioprine appears to be a risk factor for early EBV seropositivity in children with IBD, and the infliximab dose was associated with a higher EBV viral load."1.42Seroprevalence of Epstein-Barr Virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Polyomaviruses in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. ( Bronsky, J; Copova, I; Durilova, M; Hradsky, O; Hubacek, P; Maminak, M; Nevoral, J; Zarubova, K, 2015)
"Allopurinol has been presented as a safe and effective adjunct to thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)."1.36Combination of thiopurines and allopurinol: adverse events and clinical benefit in IBD. ( Govani, SM; Higgins, PD, 2010)
"Two patients presented cutaneous varicella complicated by pneumonia and esophagitis respectively, one patient had cutaneous herpes zoster and the other had fatal pneumonia possibly caused by the Herpesvirus."1.32[Opportunistic infections in patients with inflammatory bowel disease undergoing immunosuppressive therapy]. ( Bernal, I; Cabré, E; Domènech, E; García-Planella, E; Gassull, MA, 2003)
"We present the case of a patient with Crohn's disease under immunosuppressive therapy who developed a spontaneous covered spleen rupture in the course of a septic shock with DIG due to a Varizella zoster infection."1.32[Functional asplenia after severe varicella zoster-infection diagnosis by colour Doppler ultrasound]. ( Arnold, R; Diedrich, J; Eissele, R; Görg, C, 2003)
"A 48 year old patient with active Crohn's disease presented with bilateral nodules over his lungs resembling malignant metastasis."1.32Mycobacterium xenopi infection in an immunosuppressed patient with Crohn's disease. ( Majoor, CJ; Schreurs, AJ; Weers-Pothoff, G, 2004)
"We describe the clinical presentation, treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma skin lesions in an immunosuppressed patient with bullous pemphigoid."1.30Identification of HHV-8 DNA in the skin lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma in an immunosuppressed patient with bullous pemphigoid. ( Gaspari, AA; Marchese, S; Powell, D; Rady, PL; Tyring, SK, 1997)
"Bacillary peliosis hepatis is an uncommon but well recognized disease due to disseminated Bartonella infections occurring predominantly in immunocompromised individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus, type 1."1.30Peloisis hepatis due to Bartonella henselae in transplantation: a hemato-hepato-renal syndrome. ( Abendroth, CS; Ahsan, N; Holman, MJ; Langhoff, EG; Riley, TR; Yang, HC, 1998)
"We report a unilateral pulmonary nocardiosis in a 51 years old male that received a renal allograft."1.29[Nocardiosis in a renal transplant recipient]. ( Díaz, L; Nicovani, V; Peralta, G; Poblete, H; Toro, J, 1996)
"Five developed septic arthritis, including the site of a hip prosthesis in one patient."1.28Salmonella arizona arthritis and septicemia associated with rattlesnake ingestion by patients with connective tissue diseases. A dangerous complication of folk medicine. ( Alarcón-Segovia, D; Guerra-Bautista, G; Kraus, A, 1991)

Research

Studies (74)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19908 (10.81)18.7374
1990's29 (39.19)18.2507
2000's22 (29.73)29.6817
2010's14 (18.92)24.3611
2020's1 (1.35)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Phanish, MK1
Hull, RP1
Andrews, PA1
Popoola, J1
Kingdon, EJ1
MacPhee, IAM1
Pretty, M1
Bifi, J1
Radhakrishnan, K1
Hashba, H1
Teich, N1
Klugmann, T1
Walker, SL1
Mann, TA1
Kittleson, MM1
Kobashigawa, JA1
Leshem, YA1
Gdalevich, M1
Ziv, M1
David, M1
Hodak, E1
Mimouni, D1
Stiefelhagen, P1
Goldberg, R1
Irving, PM1
Hradsky, O1
Copova, I1
Zarubova, K1
Durilova, M1
Nevoral, J1
Maminak, M1
Hubacek, P1
Bronsky, J1
Koerner, MM1
El-Banayosy, A1
Schulz, U1
Zeriouh, M1
Koerfer, R1
Tenderich, G1
Ghodsizad, A1
Vögelin, M1
Biedermann, L1
Frei, P1
Vavricka, SR1
Scharl, S1
Zeitz, J1
Sulz, MC1
Fried, M1
Rogler, G1
Scharl, M1
Preda, CM1
Sandra, I1
Becheanu, G1
Dumbrava, M1
Manuc, M1
Diculescu, M1
Rubia, MF1
Chozas, N1
García-Martos, P1
Reyes, F1
Kahraman, A1
Miller, M1
Maldonado-Lopez, E1
Baba, HA1
Treichel, U1
Gerken, G1
Yoshida, M1
Tschudin, S1
Laifer, G1
Orasch, C1
Nüesch, R1
Cottone, M1
Renna, S1
Baumgart, DC1
Harbaum, L1
Siebert, F1
Langner, C1
Govani, SM1
Higgins, PD1
Bernal, I1
Domènech, E1
García-Planella, E1
Cabré, E1
Gassull, MA1
Diedrich, J1
Görg, C1
Eissele, R1
Arnold, R1
Hamlin, PJ1
Shah, MN1
Scott, N1
Wyatt, JI1
Howdle, PD1
Majoor, CJ1
Schreurs, AJ1
Weers-Pothoff, G1
Anstey, AV1
Wakelin, S1
Reynolds, NJ1
Kaşifoğlu, T1
Korkmaz, C1
Ozkan, R1
Hirose, I1
Ymamaguchi, H1
Inaguma, D1
Ono, K1
Shimada, S1
Kawada, J1
Shiraki, K1
Kimura, H1
Franco, A1
Rocamora, N1
Merino, E1
Paya, A1
Sethi, NK1
Torgovnick, J1
Sethi, PK1
Cheung, CY1
Liu, YL1
Wong, KM1
Chan, HW1
Chan, YH1
Wong, HS1
Chak, WL1
Choi, KS1
Chau, KF1
Shek, CC1
Li, CS1
Evans, SJ1
Watson, DK1
O'Sullivan, M1
Boerbooms, AM1
Kerstens, PJ1
van Loenhout, JW1
Mulder, J1
van de Putte, LB1
Gehrke, D1
Herzum, M1
Schönian, U1
Klein, HH1
Drude, L1
Mennel, HD1
Maisch, B1
Peral, V1
Vidau, P1
Herrera, J1
Rodriguez, C1
Tricas, L1
Tomé, R1
Arroyo, F1
Schaller, J1
Rohwedder, A1
Breier, B1
Werchau, H1
Textor, SC1
Shield, CF1
Jacobs, RJ1
Wyant, S1
Das, A1
Gonwa, TA1
Berchtold, P1
Seitz, M1
Toro, J1
Díaz, L1
Poblete, H1
Nicovani, V1
Peralta, G1
Schaller, M1
Korting, HC1
Meurer, M1
Schirren, CG1
Sullivan, SD1
Garrison, LP1
Best, JH1
Gaspari, AA1
Marchese, S1
Powell, D1
Rady, PL1
Tyring, SK1
Ahsan, N1
Holman, MJ1
Riley, TR1
Abendroth, CS1
Langhoff, EG1
Yang, HC1
Neumann, UP1
Knoop, M1
Lang, M1
Bechstein, WO1
Langrehr, JM1
Raakow, R1
Neuhaus, P1
Veness, MJ1
Poveda, F1
García-Alegría, J1
de las Nieves, MA1
Villar, E1
Montiel, N1
del Arco, A1
Sarmiento, JM1
Munn, SR1
Paya, CV1
Velosa, JA1
Nguyen, JH1
Odorico, JS1
Pirsch, JD2
Knechtle, SJ1
D'Alessandro, AM2
Sollinger, HW3
Mazza, D1
Gugenheim, J2
Baldini, E1
Mouiel, J1
Eisensehr, I1
Büttner, U1
Witt, TN1
von Appen, K1
Spuler, S1
Merion, RM1
Henry, ML1
Melzer, JS1
Sutherland, DE1
Taylor, RJ1
de Vera, ME1
Reyes, J1
Demetris, J1
Mazariegos, G1
Schaefer, N1
Vargas, H1
Bond, G1
Wu, T1
Fung, J1
Starzl, TE1
Abu-Elmagd, K1
Ohashi, H1
Ohno, R1
van Wijngaarden, P1
Meijssen, MA1
Humblot, S1
Martin, T1
Pasquali, JL1
Korganow, AS1
Bernabeu-Wittel, M1
Naranjo, M1
Cisneros, JM1
Cañas, E1
Gentil, MA1
Algarra, G1
Pereira, P1
González-Roncero, FJ1
de Alarcón, A1
Pachón, J1
Waldmann, KD1
Kraus, A1
Guerra-Bautista, G1
Alarcón-Segovia, D1
Delwaide, J1
Louis, E1
Gast, P1
Belaiche, J1
Senegor, M1
Lewis, HP1
Murdock, DK1
Lookingbill, DP1
Zimmermann, CW1
Lingenfelser, T1
Melms, A1
Jakober, B1
Dohmen, BM1
Loos, U1
Scholz, D1
Blank, W1
Bärwolf, C1
Ditscherlein, G1
Christenfeld, R1
Hüller, H1
Stratta, RJ1
Armbrust, MJ1
Kalayoglu, M1
Belzer, FO1
Shmueli, D1
Shapira, Z1
Yussim, A1
Nakache, R1
Ram, Z1
Shaharabani, E1
Amanov, N1
Kholodova, EG1
Greger, B1
Döller, G1
Schareck, WD1
Müller, GH1
Mellert, J1
Hopt, UT1
Bockhorn, H1
Ponticelli, C1
Minetti, L1
Di Palo, FQ1
Vegeto, A1
Belli, L1
Corbetta, G1
Tarantino, A1
Civati, G1
Cohen, DJ1
Benvenisty, AI1
Meyer, E1
Hardy, MA1
Samuel, D1
Saliba, F1
Castaing, D1
Bismuth, H1
Mourad, G1
Legendre, C1
Argiles, A1
Bonardet, A1
Mion, C1

Reviews

11 reviews available for azathioprine and Opportunistic Infections

ArticleYear
[Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - Diagnosis and Therapy in Practice].
    Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2018, Volume: 113, Issue:13

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Capsule Endoscopy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colonoscopy; Crohn Di

2018
Management of the ACC/AHA Stage D patient: cardiac transplantation.
    Cardiology clinics, 2014, Volume: 32, Issue:1

    Topics: Allografts; Azathioprine; Cardiotonic Agents; Contraindications; Graft Occlusion, Vascular; Graft Re

2014
Toxicity and response to thiopurines in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
    Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology, 2015, Volume: 9, Issue:7

    Topics: Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Humans; Im

2015
[Strategy of immunosuppressants usage for subjects with loss of renal function and infection control on RPGN].
    Nihon Jinzo Gakkai shi, 2009, Volume: 51, Issue:2

    Topics: Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Churg-Strauss Syndrome; Contraindications; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclospor

2009
Systemic cytomegalovirus infection complicating ulcerative colitis: a case report and review of the literature.
    Postgraduate medical journal, 2004, Volume: 80, Issue:942

    Topics: Adult; Antiviral Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Ganciclovir;

2004
Guidelines for prescribing azathioprine in dermatology.
    The British journal of dermatology, 2004, Volume: 151, Issue:6

    Topics: Azathioprine; Contraindications; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Monitoring; Evidence-Based Medic

2004
Infections during low-dose methotrexate treatment in rheumatoid arthritis.
    Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, 1995, Volume: 24, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Incidence; Ma

1995
[Immunosuppression--a tightrope walk between iatrogenic harm and therapy].
    Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, 1996, Sep-21, Volume: 126, Issue:38

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosporins; Humans; Iatrogenic Disease; I

1996
[Immunodeficiency induced by immunosuppressive agents].
    Ryoikibetsu shokogun shirizu, 2000, Issue:32

    Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosporine; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunologic Deficienc

2000
[Immunosuppressive treatment and Crohn's disease].
    Revue medicale de Liege, 1991, Volume: 46, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporins; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents

1991
Salmonella osteomyelitis of the skull base.
    Surgical neurology, 1991, Volume: 36, Issue:1

    Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Opportunistic

1991

Trials

9 trials available for azathioprine and Opportunistic Infections

ArticleYear
Can daclizumab reduce acute rejection and improve long-term renal function in tacrolimus-based primary renal transplant recipients?
    Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.), 2008, Volume: 13, Issue:3

    Topics: Acute Disease; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Human

2008
Infections during low-dose methotrexate treatment in rheumatoid arthritis.
    Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, 1995, Volume: 24, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Incidence; Ma

1995
A cost-effectiveness analysis of OKT3 induction therapy in cadaveric kidney transplantation.
    American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 1996, Volume: 27, Issue:6

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Azathioprine; Cadaver; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Cyclosporine; Drug Costs; Graft

1996
Mycophenolate mofetil for maintenance therapy in kidney transplantation.
    Clinical transplantation, 1996, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Pt 2

    Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Diarrhea; Double-Blind Method; Graft

1996
The cost effectiveness of mycophenolate mofetil in the first year after primary cadaveric transplant. U.S. Renal Transplant Mycophenolate Mofetil Study Group.
    Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 1997, Volume: 8, Issue:10

    Topics: Acute Disease; Azathioprine; Cadaver; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Graft Rejection; Graft Survival; Humans

1997
Mycophenolate mofetil in cadaveric renal transplantation. US Renal Transplant Mycophenolate Mofetil Study Group.
    American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 1999, Volume: 34, Issue:2

    Topics: Azathioprine; Cadaver; Double-Blind Method; Follow-Up Studies; Graft Rejection; Graft Survival; Huma

1999
Randomized, prospective trial of mycophenolate mofetil versus azathioprine for prevention of acute renal allograft rejection after simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplantation.
    Transplantation, 2000, Jul-15, Volume: 70, Issue:1

    Topics: Acute Disease; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Graft Rejection; Graft Survival; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agen

2000
Infections in renal transplant recipients receiving mycophenolate versus azathioprine-based immunosuppression.
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2002, Volume: 21, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Cohort Studies; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans

2002
The Milan clinical trial with cyclosporine in cadaveric renal transplantation. A three-year follow-up.
    Transplantation, 1988, Volume: 45, Issue:5

    Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclosporins; Follow-Up Studies; Graft Rejection; Graft Su

1988

Other Studies

55 other studies available for azathioprine and Opportunistic Infections

ArticleYear
Immunological risk stratification and tailored minimisation of immunosuppression in renal transplant recipients.
    BMC nephrology, 2020, 03-11, Volume: 21, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Basiliximab; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Glucocorticoids; Graft

2020
Systemic nocardiosis in a lepromatous leprosy patient with type 2 reaction.
    International journal of dermatology, 2018, Volume: 57, Issue:5

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Biopsy, Needle; Clofazimine; Drug Therapy, Combination

2018
Strongyloidiasis complicating immunosuppression for pemphigus vulgaris.
    The British journal of dermatology, 2013, Volume: 169, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Animals; Azathioprine; Dermatologic Agents; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Opportu

2013
Opportunistic infections in patients with pemphigus.
    Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2014, Volume: 71, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Cytomegalovirus

2014
[Sudden fever attacks in a young Crohn disease patient. Would you have considered the heart here?].
    MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2014, Nov-20, Volume: 156, Issue:20

    Topics: Adult; Aortic Valve; Azathioprine; Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease; Crohn Disease; Diagnosis, Differen

2014
Seroprevalence of Epstein-Barr Virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Polyomaviruses in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
    Digestive diseases and sciences, 2015, Volume: 60, Issue:11

    Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease;

2015
Nocardiosis in Heart Transplant Recipients.
    The heart surgery forum, 2015, Dec-14, Volume: 18, Issue:6

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azathioprine; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cyclosporine; Graft

2015
The Impact of Azathioprine-Associated Lymphopenia on the Onset of Opportunistic Infections in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
    PloS one, 2016, Volume: 11, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Case-Control Studies; Child; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agen

2016
Endoscopic aspect of a severe CMV colitis induced by azathioprine in a patient with ulcerative colitis.
    Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases : JGLD, 2016, Volume: 25, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colon; Cytomegalovirus I

2016
[Mycobacterium neoaurum bacteremia in an immunodepressed patient].
    Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica, 2009, Volume: 27, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bacteremia; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Immuno

2009
[A 55-year-old woman with thymoma and hypogammaglobulinemia (Good syndrome), ulcerative colitis, and cytomegalovirus infection].
    Medizinische Klinik (Munich, Germany : 1983), 2009, Feb-15, Volume: 104, Issue:2

    Topics: Agammaglobulinemia; Antiviral Agents; Azathioprine; Cidofovir; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cytomegalovirus

2009
[Headaches and aphasia in an immunocompromised patient].
    Praxis, 2009, Jul-08, Volume: 98, Issue:14

    Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Aphasia; Atrophy; Azathioprine; Bacteremia; Brain; Brain Abscess; Colitis, Ulcera

2009
IBD: incidence of HSV and HPV with azathioprine.
    Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2009, Volume: 6, Issue:8

    Topics: Azathioprine; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Incidence; Inflammatory Bowel Diseas

2009
How many lives does an ulcerative colitis patient have?
    Lancet (London, England), 2010, Sep-11, Volume: 376, Issue:9744

    Topics: Abscess; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Atriove

2010
Opportunistic streptococcal gastritis in a patient with ulcerative colitis mimicking gastric involvement by inflammatory bowel disease.
    Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2010, Volume: 16, Issue:12

    Topics: 2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; Adult; Azathioprine; Breath Tests; Colitis, Ulcerative; Dru

2010
Combination of thiopurines and allopurinol: adverse events and clinical benefit in IBD.
    Journal of Crohn's & colitis, 2010, Volume: 4, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fem

2010
[Opportunistic infections in patients with inflammatory bowel disease undergoing immunosuppressive therapy].
    Gastroenterologia y hepatologia, 2003, Volume: 26, Issue:1

    Topics: Acyclovir; Adult; Aged; Antiviral Agents; Azathioprine; Chickenpox; Crohn Disease; Disease Susceptib

2003
[Functional asplenia after severe varicella zoster-infection diagnosis by colour Doppler ultrasound].
    Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie, 2003, Volume: 41, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Atrophy; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Follow-Up Studies; Herpes Zo

2003
Mycobacterium xenopi infection in an immunosuppressed patient with Crohn's disease.
    Thorax, 2004, Volume: 59, Issue:7

    Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunocompro

2004
Cytomegalovirus-induced interstitial pneumonitis in a patient with dermatomyositis.
    Clinical rheumatology, 2006, Volume: 25, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Antiviral Agents; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Cytomegalovirus; Cytomegalovirus Infections; De

2006
Fatal varicella infection in a girl with systemic lupus erythematosus after oral acyclovir prophylaxis.
    European journal of pediatrics, 2006, Volume: 165, Issue:4

    Topics: Acyclovir; Adolescent; Antiviral Agents; Aspergillosis; Azathioprine; Brain; Chickenpox; Disseminate

2006
[Cryptosporidiosis. A rare infection in renal transplantation].
    Nefrologia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola Nefrologia, 2006, Volume: 26, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Animals; Azathioprine; Cryptosporidiosis; Cryptosporidium; Cyclosporine; Female; Gastroscopy;

2006
Cryptococcal meningitis after Imuran (azathioprine) therapy for autoimmune hepatitis.
    European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 2007, Volume: 19, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Meningitis, Cryp

2007
Reversible Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with Epstein-Barr virus occurring during azathioprine therapy for SLE.
    Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2008, Volume: 47, Issue:7

    Topics: Azathioprine; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Female; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agen

2008
[Eosinophilic endomyocarditis post partum or pregnancy-related cardiomyopathy].
    Herz, 1994, Volume: 19, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Combined Modality Therapy; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Diagnosis, Diffe

1994
Development of panhypogammaglobulinaemia in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.
    Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 1994, Volume: 9, Issue:6

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Agammaglobulinemia; Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Cyclophosphamid

1994
[Detection of an unusual varicella zoster virus infection in an immunosuppressed patient with polymerase chain reaction].
    Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete, 1994, Volume: 45, Issue:5

    Topics: Acyclovir; Aged; Azathioprine; Chickenpox; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; Female; Herpesvirus 3, Huma

1994
De novo hypertension after liver transplantation.
    Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 1993, Volume: 22, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Humans; Hypertension; Immunosuppression Therapy; Labetalol; Liver

1993
[Nocardiosis in a renal transplant recipient].
    Revista medica de Chile, 1996, Volume: 124, Issue:3

    Topics: Azathioprine; Bronchoalveolar Lavage; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Lung Diseases; Male; Middle Ag

1996
[Generalized Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection due to immunosuppressive therapy of paraneoplastic dermatomyositis].
    Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete, 1997, Volume: 48, Issue:2

    Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Breast Neoplasms; Dermatomyositis; Female; Fluocortolone; Huma

1997
Identification of HHV-8 DNA in the skin lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma in an immunosuppressed patient with bullous pemphigoid.
    Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 1997, Volume: 37, Issue:5 Pt 2

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; DNA, Viral; Female; Herpesvirus 8, Human; Humans; Immunosuppr

1997
Peloisis hepatis due to Bartonella henselae in transplantation: a hemato-hepato-renal syndrome.
    Transplantation, 1998, Apr-15, Volume: 65, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Angiomatosis, Bacillary; Animals; Azathioprine; Bartonella henselae; Cats; Cyclosporine; Huma

1998
Immunosuppression and incidence of opportunistic pneumonias after liver transplantation.
    Transplantation proceedings, 1998, Volume: 30, Issue:4

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Cyclosporine

1998
Cardiac transplant-related cutaneous malignancies in an Australian recipient: immunosuppression, friend or foe?
    Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain)), 1998, Volume: 10, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Australia; Azathioprine; Bowen's Disease; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cy

1998
Disseminated histoplasmosis successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin B following azathioprine therapy in a patient from a nonendemic area.
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 1998, Volume: 17, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow Cells; Drug Carriers; Drug Thera

1998
Is cytomegalovirus infection related to mycophenolate mofetil after kidney transplantation? A case-control study.
    Clinical transplantation, 1998, Volume: 12, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Case-Control Studies; Cyclosporine; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Female; Humans;

1998
A study comparing mycophenolate mofetil to azathioprine in simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation.
    Transplantation, 1998, Dec-27, Volume: 66, Issue:12

    Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Graft Rejection; Graft Survival; Humans; Immunosuppressi

1998
Gastrointestinal mucormycosis and liver transplantation; a case report and review of the literature.
    Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation, 1999, Volume: 12, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Fatal Outcome; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Liv

1999
[Myasthenia gravis. Opportunistic cytomegalovirus infection after long-term azathioprine therapy].
    Der Nervenarzt, 1999, Volume: 70, Issue:10

    Topics: Azathioprine; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Long-Term Care;

1999
Isolated intestinal versus composite visceral allografts: causes of graft failure.
    Transplantation proceedings, 2000, Volume: 32, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Follow-Up Studies; Graft Rejection; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; In

2000
Tuberculous pleurisy: an unusual complication during treatment of Crohn disease with azathioprine.
    Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology, 2001, Volume: 36, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Opportunistic Infections

2001
Blood coagulation disorders during primary cytomegalovirus infection.
    Archives of internal medicine, 2001, Sep-24, Volume: 161, Issue:17

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Blood Coagulation Tests; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Disse

2001
[Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis following immunosuppressive therapy].
    Zeitschrift fur arztliche Fortbildung, 1992, May-11, Volume: 86, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Brain; Cryptococcus neoformans; Female; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Lupus Erythem

1992
Salmonella arizona arthritis and septicemia associated with rattlesnake ingestion by patients with connective tissue diseases. A dangerous complication of folk medicine.
    The Journal of rheumatology, 1991, Volume: 18, Issue:9

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Arthritis, Infectious; Azathioprine; Connective Tissue Diseases; Drug Th

1991
Immunosuppressive therapy of pemphigus vulgaris complicated by Nocardia pneumonia. Gold as an alternate therapy.
    Archives of dermatology, 1990, Volume: 126, Issue:1

    Topics: Azathioprine; Candidiasis; Female; Gold Sodium Thiomalate; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Middle

1990
[Abscess of the thyroid gland caused by Salmonella enteritidis in immunosuppressive treatment of generalized myasthenia gravis with thymoma].
    Der Nervenarzt, 1990, Volume: 61, Issue:10

    Topics: Abscess; Aged; Azathioprine; Humans; Middle Aged; Myasthenia Gravis; Opportunistic Infections; Risk

1990
[Chemiluminescence of alveolar macrophages in pneumonia].
    Pneumologie (Stuttgart, Germany), 1990, Volume: 44 Suppl 1

    Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Azathioprine; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Humans; Luminescent

1990
[Results of conversion from conventional immunosuppressive therapy to cyclosporin A in complications following kidney transplantation].
    Zeitschrift fur Urologie und Nephrologie, 1990, Volume: 83, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Creatinine; Cyclosporins; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Graft Rejectio

1990
Sequential antilymphocyte globulin/cyclosporine immunosuppression in cadaveric renal transplantation. Effect of duration of ALG therapy.
    Transplantation, 1989, Volume: 47, Issue:1

    Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cadaver; Cyclosporins; Drug Administration Schedule; Graft Rejec

1989
The incidence of Kaposi sarcoma in renal transplant patients and its relation to immunosuppression.
    Transplantation proceedings, 1989, Volume: 21, Issue:1 Pt 3

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclosporins; Female; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Middle Aged; Opport

1989
[Intestinal microbiocenosis in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs].
    Klinicheskaia meditsina, 1989, Volume: 67, Issue:4

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Bacteria; Cyclosporins; Fungi; Graft Enhancement, Immunologic; Huma

1989
Incidence and clinical course of CMV- (and herpes simplex-) infections under triple drug therapy.
    Transplantation proceedings, 1987, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclosporins; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Immunosuppression Th

1987
Serum C-reactive protein concentrations in cyclosporine-treated renal allograft recipients.
    Transplantation, 1988, Volume: 45, Issue:5

    Topics: Azathioprine; C-Reactive Protein; Cyclosporins; Graft Rejection; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Tra

1988
Use of cyclosporine A in combination with low-dose corticosteroids and azathioprine in liver transplantation.
    Transplantation proceedings, 1988, Volume: 20, Issue:3 Suppl 3

    Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclosporins; Drug Therapy, Combination; Graft Rejection; Humans; Immunosuppression Th

1988
Triple drug immunosuppression (cyclosporine, azathioprine and low-dose prednisolone): a safe and effective regimen in first-cadaver kidney transplantation.
    Transplantation proceedings, 1987, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Cadaver; Cyclosporins; Drug Therapy, Combination; Graft Rejectio

1987