azathioprine has been researched along with Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting in 27 studies
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting: The most common clinical variant of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations of neurologic dysfunction followed by partial or complete recovery. Common clinical manifestations include loss of visual (see OPTIC NEURITIS), motor, sensory, or bladder function. Acute episodes of demyelination may occur at any site in the central nervous system, and commonly involve the optic nerves, spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "Azathioprine is an immunosuppressive and steroid-sparing purine analogue, used in the treatment of several autoimmune diseases." | 6.44 | Azathioprine in multiple sclerosis. ( Benedetti, MD; Invernizzi, P; Monaco, S; Poli, S, 2008) |
| "Mitoxantrone was approved by the French health authority (AFSAPPS) in October 2003 to treat patients with aggressive multiple sclerosis (MS)." | 2.73 | Mitoxantrone as induction treatment in aggressive relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: treatment response factors in a 5 year follow-up observational study of 100 consecutive patients. ( Chaperon, J; Coustans, M; Edan, G; Le Page, E; Leray, E; Morrissey, SP; Taurin, G, 2008) |
| "Azathioprine is an immunosuppressive agent that reduces relapse rates in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), but its efficacy in suppressing new brain lesions has never been evaluated." | 2.71 | Efficacy of azathioprine on multiple sclerosis new brain lesions evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging. ( Amaducci, L; Barilaro, A; Konze, A; Massacesi, L; Parigi, A; Pellicanò, G; Repice, AM; Siracusa, G; Taiuti, R, 2005) |
| "Azathioprine (AZA) is a purine analogue which has been used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) for over 30 years." | 2.46 | [Oral cladribine for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: another purine analogue or a genuine therapeutic innovation?]. ( Schmidt, S, 2010) |
| "Azathioprine is an immunosuppressive and steroid-sparing purine analogue, used in the treatment of several autoimmune diseases." | 2.44 | Azathioprine in multiple sclerosis. ( Benedetti, MD; Invernizzi, P; Monaco, S; Poli, S, 2008) |
| " Most clinics use intravenous steroids for treating relapses, although with different dosing regimens." | 1.30 | Current status of multiple sclerosis therapy in Germany: a national survey. ( Berenbeck, C; Buhmann, C; Emskotter, T; Hadji-Abdolrahim, B; Hauer, S; Heesen, C, 1999) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 1 (3.70) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 18 (66.67) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 8 (29.63) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Zivadinov, R | 5 |
| Bergsland, N | 5 |
| Dolezal, O | 5 |
| Hussein, S | 4 |
| Seidl, Z | 5 |
| Dwyer, MG | 5 |
| Vaneckova, M | 5 |
| Krasensky, J | 3 |
| Potts, JA | 1 |
| Kalincik, T | 1 |
| Havrdová, E | 5 |
| Horáková, D | 5 |
| Massacesi, L | 3 |
| Tramacere, I | 1 |
| Amoroso, S | 1 |
| Battaglia, MA | 1 |
| Benedetti, MD | 2 |
| Filippini, G | 1 |
| La Mantia, L | 3 |
| Repice, A | 1 |
| Solari, A | 1 |
| Tedeschi, G | 1 |
| Milanese, C | 3 |
| Messori, A | 1 |
| Fadda, V | 1 |
| Maratea, D | 1 |
| Trippoli, S | 1 |
| Invernizzi, P | 1 |
| Poli, S | 1 |
| Monaco, S | 1 |
| Hartung, HP | 2 |
| Cox, JL | 4 |
| Rimes, B | 1 |
| Novakova, I | 1 |
| Ticha, V | 1 |
| Dusek, L | 1 |
| Houzvickova, E | 2 |
| Svobodnik, A | 1 |
| Aldinucci, A | 1 |
| Biagioli, T | 1 |
| Manuelli, C | 1 |
| Repice, AM | 2 |
| Ballerini, C | 1 |
| Schmidt, S | 1 |
| Bojar, M | 1 |
| Zajac, M | 1 |
| Meluzínová, E | 1 |
| Libertinová, J | 1 |
| Lišková, P | 1 |
| Mat'oška, V | 1 |
| Nyč, O | 1 |
| Mináriková, M | 1 |
| Kýr, M | 1 |
| Lelková, P | 1 |
| Pospíšilová, L | 1 |
| Chan, KH | 1 |
| Tsang, KL | 1 |
| Ho, PW | 1 |
| Tse, CT | 1 |
| Kwan, JS | 1 |
| Ho, JW | 1 |
| Chu, AC | 1 |
| Chang, RS | 1 |
| Ho, SL | 1 |
| Markovic-Plese, S | 1 |
| Bielekova, B | 1 |
| Kadom, N | 1 |
| Leist, TP | 1 |
| Martin, R | 1 |
| Frank, JA | 1 |
| McFarland, HF | 1 |
| Kieseier, BC | 1 |
| Lus, G | 1 |
| Romano, F | 1 |
| Scuotto, A | 1 |
| Accardo, C | 1 |
| Cotrufo, R | 1 |
| Lacour, A | 1 |
| De Seze, J | 1 |
| Revenco, E | 1 |
| Lebrun, C | 1 |
| Masmoudi, K | 1 |
| Vidry, E | 1 |
| Rumbach, L | 1 |
| Chatel, M | 1 |
| Verier, A | 1 |
| Vermersch, P | 1 |
| Haase, CG | 1 |
| Faustmann, PM | 1 |
| Parigi, A | 1 |
| Barilaro, A | 1 |
| Pellicanò, G | 1 |
| Konze, A | 1 |
| Siracusa, G | 1 |
| Taiuti, R | 1 |
| Amaducci, L | 1 |
| D'Amico, D | 1 |
| Rigamonti, A | 1 |
| Mascoli, N | 1 |
| Bussone, G | 1 |
| Mezei, Z | 1 |
| Bereczki, D | 1 |
| Csiba, L | 1 |
| Csépány, T | 1 |
| Cookfair, D | 1 |
| Le Page, E | 1 |
| Leray, E | 1 |
| Taurin, G | 1 |
| Coustans, M | 1 |
| Chaperon, J | 1 |
| Morrissey, SP | 1 |
| Edan, G | 1 |
| Etemadifar, M | 1 |
| Janghorbani, M | 1 |
| Shaygannejad, V | 1 |
| Heesen, C | 1 |
| Hauer, S | 1 |
| Hadji-Abdolrahim, B | 1 |
| Berenbeck, C | 1 |
| Buhmann, C | 1 |
| Emskotter, T | 1 |
| Salmaggi, A | 1 |
| Caputo, D | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assessment of Lesion Activity Analysis in the Avonex- Steroid Azathioprine (ASA) Study[NCT01628315] | 159 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2009-03-31 | Completed | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
5 reviews available for azathioprine and Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Indirect meta-analytical comparison of azathioprine and of beta interferon effectiveness in all forms of multiple sclerosis pooled together.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Interferon-beta; Male; Middle Aged; M | 2014 |
Azathioprine in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; | 2008 |
[Oral cladribine for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: another purine analogue or a genuine therapeutic innovation?].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Animals; Azathioprine; Cladribine; Cl | 2010 |
Current disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Analgesics; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azath | 2003 |
[Escalating immunomodulatory therapy of multiple sclerosis. 1st supplement: December 2000].
Topics: Acute Disease; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Austria; Azathioprine; Diagnosis, Differential; Dose-Response | 2001 |
11 trials available for azathioprine and Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Evolution of cortical and thalamus atrophy and disability progression in early relapsing-remitting MS during 5 years.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adult; Atrophy; Azathioprine; Cerebral Cortex; Disability Evaluation; Diseas | 2013 |
Azathioprine versus beta interferons for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a multicentre randomized non-inferiority trial.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Immunosuppressive Agent | 2014 |
Gray matter atrophy and disability progression in patients with early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a 5-year longitudinal study.
Topics: Adult; Atrophy; Azathioprine; Brain; Cerebral Ventricles; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Combina | 2009 |
Randomized study of interferon beta-1a, low-dose azathioprine, and low-dose corticosteroids in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Atrophy; Azathioprine; Brain; Disability Evaluation; | 2009 |
Longitudinal MRI study: the effects of azathioprine in MS patients refractory to interferon beta-1b.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Interferon beta-1b; Inte | 2003 |
Azathioprine and interferon beta(1a) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients: increasing efficacy of combined treatment.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adult; Azathioprine; Brain; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immun | 2004 |
Efficacy of azathioprine on multiple sclerosis new brain lesions evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Brain; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Encephalitis; Fema | 2005 |
Interferon treatment may trigger primary headaches in multiple sclerosis patients.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Female; Glatiramer Acetate; Headache; Humans; Imm | 2006 |
Evolution of different MRI measures in patients with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis over 2 and 5 years: a case-control study.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adolescent; Adult; Atrophy; Azathioprine; Brain; Cerebral Ventricles; Diseas | 2008 |
Mitoxantrone as induction treatment in aggressive relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: treatment response factors in a 5 year follow-up observational study of 100 consecutive patients.
Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Agents; Antiviral Agents; Azathioprine; Brain; Demography; Disability Evaluati | 2008 |
Comparison of interferon beta products and azathioprine in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Disability Evaluation; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; | 2007 |
11 other studies available for azathioprine and Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
New cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after treatment with natalizumab.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Inte | 2009 |
Modulating dendritic cells (DC) from immunogenic to tolerogenic responses: a novel mechanism of AZA/6-MP.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Dendritic Cells; Female; Humans; Immune | 2010 |
Treatment with azathioprine and cyclic methylprednisolone has little or no effect on bioactivity in anti-interferon beta antibody-positive patients with multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Antibodies, Neutralizing; Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Interferon-beta; Methylpre | 2010 |
Apolipoprotein E ε4-positive multiple sclerosis patients develop more gray-matter and whole-brain atrophy: a 15-year disease history model based on a 4-year longitudinal study.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Apolipoprotein E4; Atrophy; Azathioprine; B | 2010 |
Clinical outcome of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis among Hong Kong Chinese.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age of Onset; Asian People; Azathioprine; Brain; Child; Female; Follow-Up Studies | 2011 |
Acute aphasia in multiple sclerosis: A multicenter study of 22 patients.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Aphasia; Azathioprine; Brain; Cohort Studies; Comorb | 2004 |
Benign multiple sclerosis is characterized by a stable neuroimmunologic network.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Disability Evaluation; Disease Progression; Female; Fo | 2004 |
Natalizumab (Tysabri) returns.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; C | 2006 |
[Long-term application of the multiple sclerosis functional composite test in Debrecen, Hungary].
Topics: Adult; Arm; Azathioprine; Cognition; Disability Evaluation; Female; Glatiramer Acetate; Hand Strengt | 2006 |
Current status of multiple sclerosis therapy in Germany: a national survey.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Azathioprine; Data Collection; Germany; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Im | 1999 |
Azathioprine and interferon beta-1b treatment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Interferon beta-1a; Interferon beta-1b; Interferon-beta; Male; | 2001 |