azathioprine and Microscopic Polyangiitis studies

Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.

Microscopic Polyangiitis: A primary systemic vasculitis of small- and some medium-sized vessels. It is characterized by a tropism for kidneys and lungs, positive association with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), and a paucity of immunoglobulin deposits in vessel walls.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" This study was undertaken to determine whether the addition of azathioprine (AZA) to glucocorticoids could achieve a higher sustained remission rate of newly diagnosed nonsevere eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss) (EGPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), or polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)."	9.24	Adding Azathioprine to Remission-Induction Glucocorticoids for Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss), Microscopic Polyangiitis, or Polyarteritis Nodosa Without Poor Prognosis Factors: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. ( Agard, C; Baron, G; Bienvenu, B; Bourgarit, A; Cohen, P; Crestani, B; Delbrel, X; Diot, E; Geffray, L; Godmer, P; Groh, M; Guillevin, L; Le Guern, V; Le Jeunne, C; Lifermann, F; Limal, N; Liozon, E; Mékinian, A; Mouthon, L; Néel, A; Pagnoux, C; Papo, T; Puéchal, X; Quémeneur, T; Ravaud, P; Ruivard, M; Ruppert, AM; Sailler, L; Saraux, JL; Terrier, B, 2017)
"Azathioprine (AZA) was added for remission-maintenance therapy."	5.48	Neutropenia related to an azathioprine metabolic disorder induced by an inosine triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase (ITPA) gene mutation in a patient with PR3-ANCA-positive microscopic polyangiitis . ( Hasegawa, T; Honda, K; Ishizuka, S; Ito, S; Kobayashi, A; Komine, K; Kubota, T; Motoi, Y; Niikura, T; Saito, Z; Sasaki, T; Yamamoto, H; Yokoo, T, 2018)
" This study was undertaken to determine whether the addition of azathioprine (AZA) to glucocorticoids could achieve a higher sustained remission rate of newly diagnosed nonsevere eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss) (EGPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), or polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)."	5.24	Adding Azathioprine to Remission-Induction Glucocorticoids for Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss), Microscopic Polyangiitis, or Polyarteritis Nodosa Without Poor Prognosis Factors: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. ( Agard, C; Baron, G; Bienvenu, B; Bourgarit, A; Cohen, P; Crestani, B; Delbrel, X; Diot, E; Geffray, L; Godmer, P; Groh, M; Guillevin, L; Le Guern, V; Le Jeunne, C; Lifermann, F; Limal, N; Liozon, E; Mékinian, A; Mouthon, L; Néel, A; Pagnoux, C; Papo, T; Puéchal, X; Quémeneur, T; Ravaud, P; Ruivard, M; Ruppert, AM; Sailler, L; Saraux, JL; Terrier, B, 2017)
"Findings from the WEGENT trial and other short-term studies have suggested that azathioprine (AZA) or methotrexate (MTX) could effectively maintain remission of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's) (GPA) or microscopic polyangiitis (MPA)."	5.22	Long-Term Outcomes Among Participants in the WEGENT Trial of Remission-Maintenance Therapy for Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener's) or Microscopic Polyangiitis. ( Boffa, JJ; Cohen, P; Delaval, P; Guillevin, L; Hamidou, M; Hanrotel-Saliou, C; Imbert, B; Khouatra, C; Kyndt, X; Lambert, M; Le Jeunne, C; Leské, C; Lifermann, F; Ly, KH; Merrien, D; Mouthon, L; Pagnoux, C; Papo, T; Perrodeau, É; Pertuiset, E; Puéchal, X; Ravaud, P; Roblot, P; Ruivard, M; Smail, A; Subra, JF; Terrier, B; Viallard, JF, 2016)
"To assess the efficacy of systemic corticosteroids alone as first-line treatment of polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) without poor-prognosis factors as defined by the Five-Factors Score (FFS), and to compare the efficacy and safety of azathioprine versus pulse cyclophosphamide as adjunctive immunosuppressive therapy for patients experiencing treatment failure or relapse."	5.14	Treatment of polyarteritis nodosa and microscopic polyangiitis without poor-prognosis factors: A prospective randomized study of one hundred twenty-four patients. ( Arène, JP; Carli, P; Cohen, P; Cordier, JF; Guillevin, L; Kyndt, X; Le Hello, C; Letellier, P; Mahr, A; Pagnoux, C; Puéchal, X; Ribi, C, 2010)
"The present study compared the efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) with that of azathioprine (AZA) in Korean patients with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)."	4.02	The Efficacy of Mycophenolate Mofetil in Remission Maintenance Therapy for Microscopic Polyangiitis and Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis. ( Ahn, SS; Lee, LE; Lee, SW; Park, YB; Pyo, JY; Song, JJ, 2021)
"A prednisone increase led to remission in 35 patients (80%)."	2.80	Outcomes of nonsevere relapses in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis treated with glucocorticoids. ( Brunetta, P; Ding, L; Fervenza, FC; Hoffman, GS; Iklé, D; Kallenberg, CG; Langford, CA; Lim, N; Merkel, PA; Miloslavsky, EM; Monach, PA; Seo, P; Specks, U; Spiera, R; St Clair, EW; Stone, JH; Tchao, NK; Villareal, M, 2015)
"In addition, Behcet's syndrome appears to be more common than previously assumed and is likely more common than a combination of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) syndromes."	2.45	Necrotizing vasculitis--a 2009 update. ( Sharaf, PH; Yazici, Y, 2009)
"Azathioprine (AZA) was added for remission-maintenance therapy."	1.48	Neutropenia related to an azathioprine metabolic disorder induced by an inosine triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase (ITPA) gene mutation in a patient with PR3-ANCA-positive microscopic polyangiitis . ( Hasegawa, T; Honda, K; Ishizuka, S; Ito, S; Kobayashi, A; Komine, K; Kubota, T; Motoi, Y; Niikura, T; Saito, Z; Sasaki, T; Yamamoto, H; Yokoo, T, 2018)
"Scleritis is an inflammation of the outer eye coating that manifests with redness and ocular pain, and tends to be more severe when associated with a systemic collagen disease."	1.39	Visual loss from scleritis in C-ANCA-positive microscopic polyangiitis. ( Alrashidi, S; Krema, H; Yousef, YA, 2013)
"Among 33 cases, 25 were diagnosed as Wegener granulomatosis (WG), seven as microscopic polyangitis (MPA) and one as Churg-Strauss syndrome (SCS)."	1.38	Clinical features and outcomes of ANCA-associated renal vasculitis. ( Brunet, P; Burtey, S; Dussol, B; Seck, SM, 2012)

Research

Studies (32)

Authors

Clinical Trials (4)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Disease Remission

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	1 (3.13)	29.6817
2010's	25 (78.13)	24.3611
2020's	6 (18.75)	2.80

Authors	Studies
de Groot, K	2
Aries, PM	1
Haubitz, M	1
Hellmich, B	2
Lamprecht, P	1
Thiel, J	1
Tesar, V	3
Hruskova, Z	1
Garner, S	1
Khalidi, N	1
Owczarczyk, K	1
Cascino, MD	1
Holweg, C	1
Tew, GW	1
Ortmann, W	1
Behrens, T	1
Schindler, T	1
Langford, CA	4
St Clair, EW	4
Merkel, PA	4
Spiera, R	4
Seo, P	4
Kallenberg, CG	3
Specks, U	4
Lim, N	2
Stone, J	1
Brunetta, P	4
Prunotto, M	1
Rasheed, N	1
Ahuja, R	1
Borneo, H	1
Pyo, JY	1
Lee, LE	1
Ahn, SS	1
Song, JJ	1
Park, YB	1
Lee, SW	1
Matsuura, M	1
Taniguchi, Y	1
Terada, Y	1
Puéchal, X	5
Pagnoux, C	5
Baron, G	1
Quémeneur, T	1
Néel, A	1
Agard, C	1
Lifermann, F	2
Liozon, E	1
Ruivard, M	2
Godmer, P	1
Limal, N	1
Mékinian, A	1
Papo, T	2
Ruppert, AM	1
Bourgarit, A	1
Bienvenu, B	1
Geffray, L	1
Saraux, JL	1
Diot, E	1
Crestani, B	1
Delbrel, X	1
Sailler, L	1
Cohen, P	3
Le Guern, V	1
Terrier, B	2
Groh, M	1
Le Jeunne, C	2
Mouthon, L	2
Ravaud, P	2
Guillevin, L	4
Smitienko, I	1
Novikov, P	1
Moiseev, S	1
de Joode, AAE	1
Sanders, JSF	1
Guillevin, LP	1
Hiemstra, TF	2
Flossmann, O	1
Rasmussen, N	1
Westman, K	2
Jayne, DR	3
Stegeman, CA	1
Honda, K	1
Kobayashi, A	1
Niikura, T	1
Hasegawa, T	1
Saito, Z	1
Ito, S	1
Sasaki, T	1
Komine, K	1
Ishizuka, S	1
Motoi, Y	1
Kubota, T	1
Yamamoto, H	1
Yokoo, T	1
Miloslavsky, EM	3
Hoffman, GS	4
Tchao, NK	3
Viviano, L	1
Ding, L	3
Sejismundo, LP	1
Mieras, K	1
Iklé, D	3
Jepson, B	1
Mueller, M	1
Allen, NB	1
Fervenza, FC	2
Geetha, D	1
Keogh, K	1
Kissin, EY	1
Monach, PA	3
Peikert, T	1
Stegeman, C	1
Ytterberg, SR	1
Stone, JH	3
Alrashidi, S	1
Yousef, YA	1
Krema, H	1
Croft, AP	1
Smith, SW	1
Carr, S	1
Youssouf, S	1
Salama, AD	1
Burns, A	1
Pusey, CD	1
Hamilton, P	1
Brown, N	1
Venning, M	1
Harper, L	2
Morgan, MD	2
Jones, RB	1
Furuta, S	1
Tervaert, JW	1
Hauser, T	2
Luqmani, R	1
Peh, CA	1
Savage, CO	2
Segelmark, M	1
van Paassen, P	1
Walsh, M	2
Villareal, M	1
Perrodeau, É	1
Hamidou, M	1
Boffa, JJ	1
Kyndt, X	2
Merrien, D	1
Smail, A	1
Delaval, P	1
Hanrotel-Saliou, C	1
Imbert, B	1
Khouatra, C	1
Lambert, M	1
Leské, C	1
Ly, KH	1
Pertuiset, E	1
Roblot, P	1
Subra, JF	1
Viallard, JF	1
Sada, KE	1
Yamamura, M	1
Harigai, M	1
Fujii, T	1
Takasaki, Y	1
Amano, K	1
Fujimoto, S	1
Muso, E	1
Murakawa, Y	1
Arimura, Y	1
Makino, H	1
Szabó, MZ	1
Pálfi, P	1
Bazsó, A	1
Poór, G	1
Kiss, E	1
Unizony, S	1
Villarreal, M	1
Lu, N	1
Kallenberg, CM	1
Choi, HK	1
Fervenza, F	1
Cabral, DA	1
Canter, DL	1
Muscal, E	1
Nanda, K	1
Wahezi, DM	1
Spalding, SJ	1
Twilt, M	1
Benseler, SM	1
Campillo, S	1
Charuvanij, S	1
Dancey, P	1
Eberhard, BA	1
Elder, ME	1
Hersh, A	1
Higgins, GC	1
Huber, AM	1
Khubchandani, R	1
Kim, S	1
Klein-Gitelman, M	1
Kostik, MM	1
Lawson, EF	1
Lee, T	1
Lubieniecka, JM	1
McCurdy, D	1
Moorthy, LN	1
Morishita, KA	1
Nielsen, SM	1
O'Neil, KM	1
Reiff, A	1
Ristic, G	1
Robinson, AB	1
Sarmiento, A	1
Shenoi, S	1
Toth, MB	1
Van Mater, HA	1
Wagner-Weiner, L	1
Weiss, JE	1
White, AJ	1
Yeung, RS	1
Singer, O	1
McCune, WJ	1
Vanoni, F	1
Bettinelli, A	1
Keller, F	1
Bianchetti, MG	1
Simonetti, GD	1
Sharaf, PH	1
Yazici, Y	1
Ribi, C	1
Mahr, A	2
Arène, JP	1
Carli, P	1
Le Hello, C	1
Letellier, P	1
Cordier, JF	1
Neumann, I	1
Wissing, KM	1
Schmitt, W	1
Seck, SM	1
Dussol, B	1
Brunet, P	1
Burtey, S	1
Ciang, CO	1
Leung, MH	1
Turow, A	1
Yong, TY	1
Fok, JS	1
Li, JY	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Evaluation of a New Treatment Strategy for Patients With Microscopic Polyangiitis, Polyarteritis Nodosa or Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Churg Strauss Syndrome) Without Poor Prognosis Factors[NCT00647166]	Phase 3	114 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-05-31	Completed
Rituximab Therapy for the Induction of Remission and Tolerance in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis (ITN021AI)[NCT00104299]	Phase 2/Phase 3	197 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-01-31	Completed
Rituximab for the Otolaryngologic Manifestations of Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis[NCT02626845]	Phase 4	3 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-12-31	Terminated (stopped due to Slow recruitment)
Mycophenolate Mofetil Versus Azathioprine for Maintenance Therapy in ANCA Associated Systemic Vasculitis[NCT00307645]	Phase 3	160 participants	Interventional	2003-05-31	Terminated
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

A Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score for Wegener's Granulomatosis (BVAS/WG) score of 0 with prednisone taper successfully completed at six months. The BVAS/WG is a validated disease activity index. The BVAS/WG is designed to document new or worsening clinically active vasculitis and consists of a set of items divided into nine organ based systems. BVAS/WG scores range from 0 to 63, with higher scores indicating more active disease. (NCT00104299)
Timeframe: 6 months post-randomization

Percentage of Participants Who Have a BVAS/WG Score of 0 and Have Successfully Completed the Glucocorticoid Taper by 6 Months Post-randomization

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Rituximab	63
Control Group	52

"The 2-sided 95% CI of the percentage of participants who have a Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score for Wegener's Granulomatosis (BVAS/WG)[1] of 0 and have successfully completed the glucocorticoid taper by 6 months post-randomization and the 2-sided 95% CI of the difference between two arms for assessing the superiority of rituximab to control~[1] The BVAS/WG is a disease activity index designed to document new or worsening clinically active vasculitis consisting of items divided into 9 organ based systems. BVAS/WG scores range from 0 to 63, with higher scores indicating more active disease" (NCT00104299)
Timeframe: 6 months post-randomization

Number of Subjects Experiencing Serious Adverse Events

Intervention	participants (Number)
Rituximab	62
Control Group	51

Number of subjects according to originally received treatment that experienced a serious adverse event through 18 months post-randomization or prior to being censored from analyses due to crossover, switching to open-label treatment, or best medical judgment for censor. Events are categorized by coded system organ classes (SOC). Within each SOC, a participant was counted once if the participant reported one or more events coded to that SOC. (NCT00104299)
Timeframe: Randomization to censor at Crossover, Open-label or Best Medical Judgment (up to 18 months post-randomization)

Rate of Selected Adverse Events Experienced by Participants Receiving Rituximab Versus Those Receiving Conventional Therapy

Intervention	participants (Number)
	# Participants with at least one SAE	Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders	Cardiac Disorders	Eye Disorders	Gastrointestinal Disorders	General Disorders and Administration Site	Immune System Disorders	Infections and Infestations	Injury, Poisoning, and Procedural Complications	Investigations	Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders	Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders	Neoplasms Benign, Malignant, and Unspecified	Nervous System Disorders	Pregnancy, Puerperium, and Perinatal Conditions	Psychiatric Disorders	Renal and Urinary Disorders	Respiratory, Thoracic, and Mediastinal Disorders	Vascular Disorders
Control Group	37	5	2	1	1	3	2	12	0	0	2	3	2	0	0	1	3	8	7
Rituximab	42	4	2	1	4	5	2	12	2	2	2	2	1	1	1	1	4	8	1

The adverse event rate for the following events considered related to vasculitis: Death; Grade 2 or higher leukopenia or thrombocytopenia; Grade 3 or higher infections; Hemorrhagic cystitis (grade 2 or lower needs confirmation by cytoscopy); Malignancy; Venous thromboembolic event (deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism); Hospitalization resulting either from the disease or from a complication due to study treatment; Infusion reactions (within 24 hours of infusion) that result in the cessation of further infusions (including cytokine release allergic reaction); Cerebrovascular accident (NCT00104299)
Timeframe: Through common close-out (defined as 18 months after the last participant is enrolled in the trial)

The Duration of Complete Remission (BVAS=0, Off Glucocorticoids), the Time to Limited and/or Severe Flare After Remission in the Two Treatment Groups

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Death	Grade 2 or Higher Leukopenia	Grade 2 or Higher Thrombocytopenia	Grade 3 or Higher Infections	Hemorrhagic Cystitis (Grade 2 or Lower)	Malignancy	Venous Thromboembolic Event	Hospitalization Resulting from the Disease	Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)	Infusion Reactions Leading to Infusion Disc.
Control Group	2	23	1	16	1	2	8	7	1	0
Rituximab	2	7	4	18	2	5	6	16	1	1

"Duration of complete remission is defined as a Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score for Wegener's Granulomatosis (BVAS/WG)[1] of 0 and a completing taper of Prednisone to the first flare, BVAS/WG score of greater than 0, or an increase in Prednisone dosing.~[1] The BVAS/WG is a disease activity index designed to document new or worsening clinically active vasculitis consisting of items divided into 9 organ based systems. BVAS/WG scores range from 0 to 63, with higher scores indicating more active disease" (NCT00104299)
Timeframe: 18 months post-randomization

The Duration of Remission (BVAS=0), the Time to Limited and/or Severe Flare After Remission in the Two Treatment Groups

Intervention	Days (Number)
	25% Quartile (95%CI)	50% Quartile (95%CI)	75% Quartile (95%CI)
Control Group	230	NA	NA
Rituximab	243	NA	NA

Duration of remission is defined as a Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score for Wegener's Granulomatosis (BVAS/WG)[1] of 0 and a completing taper of glucocorticoid by 6 months post-randomization to the first flare, BVAS/WG score of greater than 0, or an increase in Prednisone dosing. (NCT00104299)
Timeframe: 18 months post-randomization

Time to Complete Remission (BVAS=0, Off Glucocorticoids) From the Visit 1 Baseline Visit in the Two Treatment Groups

Intervention	Days (Number)
	25% Quartile (95%CI)	50% Quartile (95%CI)	75% Quartile (95%CI)
Control Group	168	NA	NA
Rituximab	246	NA	NA

"Time to complete remission is defined as the number of days from baseline visit (Visit 1) to a Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score for Wegener's Granulomatosis (BVAS/WG)[1] of 0 and completing taper of glucocorticoid by 6 months post-randomization.~[1] The BVAS/WG is a disease activity index designed to document new or worsening clinically active vasculitis consisting of items divided into 9 organ based systems. BVAS/WG scores range from 0 to 63, with higher scores indicating more active disease" (NCT00104299)
Timeframe: 18 months post-randomization

Time to Remission (BVAS=0) From the Visit 1 Baseline Visit in the Two Treatment Groups

Intervention	Days (Number)
	25% Quartile (95%CI)	50% Quartile (95%CI)	75% Quartile (95%CI)
Control Group	177	183	266
Rituximab	176	180	189

"Time to complete remission is defined as the number of days from baseline visit (Visit 1) to a Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score for Wegener's Granulomatosis (BVAS/WG)[1] of 0.~[1] The BVAS/WG is a disease activity index designed to document new or worsening clinically active vasculitis consisting of items divided into 9 organ based systems. BVAS/WG scores range from 0 to 63, with higher scores indicating more active disease" (NCT00104299)
Timeframe: 18 months post-randomization

Article	Year
[Anti B-cell-antibody treatment for maintenance of remission in granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2020, Volume: 145, Issue:1 Topics: Azathioprine; Germany; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Microscop	2020
Updates in the treatment of granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis: At a crossroad. Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983), 2020, Volume: 49, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis; Azathioprine; C	2020
[ANCA-associated vasculitides : State of the art]. Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie, 2019, Volume: 78, Issue:6 Topics: Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic;	2019
[Recent advances in the treatment of antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody associated vasculitides]. Orvosi hetilap, 2015, Oct-11, Volume: 156, Issue:41 Topics: Algorithms; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis; Azathioprine; Clinical Trial	2015
Update on maintenance therapy for granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis. Current opinion in rheumatology, 2017, Volume: 29, Issue:3 Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; Azathioprine; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis; Humans; Immu	2017
Vasculitides associated with IgG antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies in childhood. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2010, Volume: 25, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis; Antibodies, Antineutrophil C	2010
Necrotizing vasculitis--a 2009 update. Bulletin of the NYU hospital for joint diseases, 2009, Volume: 67, Issue:3 Topics: Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis; Azathioprine; Behcet Syndrome; Churg-Str	2009

Article	Year
Fc receptor-like 5 and anti-CD20 treatment response in granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis. JCI insight, 2020, 09-17, Volume: 5, Issue:18 Topics: Antigens, CD20; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Case-Contr	2020
Adding Azathioprine to Remission-Induction Glucocorticoids for Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss), Microscopic Polyangiitis, or Polyarteritis Nodosa Without Poor Prognosis Factors: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 2017, Volume: 69, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Aged; Asthma; Azathioprine; Churg-Strauss Syndrome; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method;	2017
Clinical outcomes of remission induction therapy for severe antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Arthritis and rheumatism, 2013, Volume: 65, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; Azathioprine; Cross-Over Studies; Cyclophosphamide; D	2013
Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis: 2-year results of a randomised trial. Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2015, Volume: 74, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Der	2015
Outcomes of nonsevere relapses in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis treated with glucocorticoids. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 2015, Volume: 67, Issue:6 Topics: Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived;	2015
Long-Term Outcomes Among Participants in the WEGENT Trial of Remission-Maintenance Therapy for Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener's) or Microscopic Polyangiitis. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 2016, Volume: 68, Issue:3 Topics: Azathioprine; Disease-Free Survival; Follow-Up Studies; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis; Humans; Ki	2016
Different responses to treatment across classified diseases and severities in Japanese patients with microscopic polyangiitis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a nationwide prospective inception cohort study. Arthritis research & therapy, 2015, Nov-02, Volume: 17 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Disease-Free Survival; Drug Therapy, Combin	2015
Clinical outcomes of treatment of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis based on ANCA type. Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2016, Volume: 75, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis; Antibodies, Antineutrophil	2016
Treatment of polyarteritis nodosa and microscopic polyangiitis without poor-prognosis factors: A prospective randomized study of one hundred twenty-four patients. Arthritis and rheumatism, 2010, Volume: 62, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Eye Diseases; Female; Fo	2010
Mycophenolate mofetil vs azathioprine for remission maintenance in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 2010, Dec-01, Volume: 304, Issue:21 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antirheumatic Agents; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rat	2010

Article	Year
Treatment of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis and Microscopic Polyangiitis: Should Type of ANCA Guide the Treatment? Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, 2020, 10-07, Volume: 15, Issue:10 Topics: Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Granulomatosis with Polyangi	2020
Polyangiitis overlap syndrome: a novel presentation of microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. BMJ case reports, 2021, Feb-01, Volume: 14, Issue:2 Topics: Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; Azathioprine; Churg-Strauss Syndrome; Cyclophosphamide; Fema	2021
The Efficacy of Mycophenolate Mofetil in Remission Maintenance Therapy for Microscopic Polyangiitis and Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis. Yonsei medical journal, 2021, Volume: 62, Issue:6 Topics: Azathioprine; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Microscopic Polyan	2021
Retinal and Choroidal Detachment in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Scleritis and Retinal Vasculitis Mimicking Choroidal Tumor. Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases, 2017, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; Antirheumatic Agents; Azathioprine; Choro	2017
Reply. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 2018, Volume: 70, Issue:1 Topics: Azathioprine; Glucocorticoids; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis; Humans; Microscopic Polyangiitis; P	2018
Does the revised definition of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss) indicate the need for a new treatment? Comment on the article by Puéchal et al. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 2018, Volume: 70, Issue:1 Topics: Azathioprine; Churg-Strauss Syndrome; Glucocorticoids; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis; Humans; Mic	2018
Long term azathioprine maintenance therapy in ANCA-associated vasculitis: combined results of long-term follow-up data. Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2017, 11-01, Volume: 56, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis; Antibodies, Antineutrophil	2017
Neutropenia related to an azathioprine metabolic disorder induced by an inosine triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase (ITPA) gene mutation in a patient with PR3-ANCA-positive microscopic polyangiitis . Clinical nephrology, 2018, Volume: 90, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Azathioprine; Humans; Male; Microscopic Polyangiitis; Mutation; Neutropenia; Pyrophosphatases;	2018
Visual loss from scleritis in C-ANCA-positive microscopic polyangiitis. BMJ case reports, 2013, Jun-10, Volume: 2013 Topics: Aged; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; Azathioprine; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Therapy, C	2013
Successful outcome of pregnancy in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated small vessel vasculitis. Kidney international, 2015, Volume: 87, Issue:4 Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathio	2015
Comparing Presenting Clinical Features in 48 Children With Microscopic Polyangiitis to 183 Children Who Have Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener's): An ARChiVe Cohort Study. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 2016, Volume: 68, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Age Distribution; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; Asia;	2016
Therapeutic interventions for systemic vasculitis. JAMA, 2010, Dec-01, Volume: 304, Issue:21 Topics: Antirheumatic Agents; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis; Huma	2010
Clinical features and outcomes of ANCA-associated renal vasculitis. Saudi journal of kidney diseases and transplantation : an official publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia, 2012, Volume: 23, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated V	2012
Acquired factor V inhibitor in systemic vasculitis. International journal of rheumatic diseases, 2012, Volume: 15, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Diagnosis, Differential; Factor V; Factor V Deficiency; Fatal Ou	2012
Azathioprine hypersensitivity presenting as cardiogenic shock and Sweet's syndrome in a patient with microscopic polyangiitis. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 2012, Volume: 51, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; Azathioprine; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; I	2012

azathioprine and Microscopic Polyangiitis