azathioprine has been researched along with MS (Multiple Sclerosis) in 236 studies
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "To evaluate long-term effects of 2-year treatment with interferon beta combined with low-dose azathioprine and prednisone in multiple sclerosis." | 9.16 | Interferon, azathioprine and corticosteroids in multiple sclerosis: 6-year follow-up of the ASA cohort. ( Dolezal, O; Havrdova, E; Horakova, D; Kalincik, T; Krasensky, J; Seidl, Z; Vaneckova, M, 2012) |
| "We wanted to test whether immunosuppression with cyclic methylprednisolone (MP) in combination with azathioprine (AZA) for 6 months accelerates recovery of IFN-beta bioactivity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) with abolished in-vivo myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) mRNA response to IFN-beta." | 9.14 | Treatment with azathioprine and cyclic methylprednisolone has little or no effect on bioactivity in anti-interferon beta antibody-positive patients with multiple sclerosis. ( Bendtzen, K; Christensen, O; Hesse, D; Jensen, PE; Ravnborg, M; Sørensen, PS; Tovey, MG, 2009) |
| "We conducted an open-label pilot clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of adding oral azathioprine to the treatment regimen of 15 multiple sclerosis patients breaking through monotherapy with interferon beta-1b." | 9.11 | Optimization of the safety and efficacy of interferon beta 1b and azathioprine combination therapy in multiple sclerosis. ( Bash, CN; Calabresi, PA; Costello, K; Cuffari, C; Mills, P; Pulicken, M; Rogg, JM; Said, A; Wilterdink, JL, 2005) |
| "Despite the longstanding clinical use of azathioprine as an immunosuppressive agent in multiple sclerosis, little is known about the action of this drug on a number of parameters of putative pathogenic relevance in the disease." | 9.08 | Immunological monitoring of azathioprine treatment in multiple sclerosis patients. ( Corsini, E; Dufour, A; Eoli, M; La Mantia, L; Milanese, C; Nespolo, A; Salmaggi, A, 1997) |
| "Forty patients, affected by multiple sclerosis with remitting-relapsing or progressive course, were included in a double blind study of treatment with azathioprine (2 mg/kg/day) lasting 3 years." | 9.07 | A double blind study on azathioprine efficacy in multiple sclerosis: final report. ( Eoli, M; La Mantia, L; Milanese, C; Salmaggi, A, 1993) |
| "We randomized 59 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis to receive azathioprine (AZA) 3." | 9.07 | The efficacy of azathioprine in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. ( Bailly, RC; Beatty, WW; Goodkin, DE; Hertsgaard, D; Teetzen, ML, 1991) |
| "The aim of this trial was to compare the efficacy and tolerance of cyclosporine A (CYA) and azathioprine (AZA) as long-term immunosuppressive treatment for patients with multiple sclerosis." | 9.06 | Cyclosporine versus azathioprine in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: 12-month clinical and immunological evaluation. ( Gauthier, G; Ochsner, F; Regli, F; Steck, AJ, 1990) |
| "Ninety-eight patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in the chronic progression phase entered a 3-year clinical trial to determine if azathioprine (AZ) alone or with adrenal cortical steroids stabilizes the course of MS." | 9.06 | A placebo-controlled, randomized, double-masked, variable dosage, clinical trial of azathioprine with and without methylprednisolone in multiple sclerosis. ( Ellison, GW; Frane, MV; Graves, MC; Holevoet-Howson, MI; Lerner, CD; Mickey, MR; Myers, LW; Pettler-Jennings, P; Syndulko, K; Tourtellotte, WW, 1989) |
| "354 patients with multiple sclerosis were randomised to receive either azathioprine 2." | 9.06 | Double-masked trial of azathioprine in multiple sclerosis. British and Dutch Multiple Sclerosis Azathioprine Trial Group. ( , 1988) |
| "In a double-blind controlled trial of 194 patients with clinically definite active multiple sclerosis, 98 were randomized to treatment with cyclosporine (CyA, 5 mg/kg/day), and 96 to treatment with azathioprine (Aza, 2." | 9.06 | Cyclosporine versus azathioprine in the long-term treatment of multiple sclerosis--results of the German multicenter study. ( Dommasch, D; Fierz, W; Graffenried, BU; Gugerli, US; Haas, J; Kappos, L; Krauseneck, P; Malin, JP; Patzold, U; Poser, S, 1988) |
| "The preliminary results of a double blind controlled prospective randomized trial of Azathioprine for therapeutic efficacy in 38 patients with Multiple Sclerosis are reported." | 9.06 | Double blind controlled randomized study on azathioprine efficacy in multiple sclerosis. Preliminary results. ( Bortolami, C; Campi, A; Corridori, F; La Mantia, L; Milanese, C; Nespolo, A; Salmaggi, A; Tajoli, L, 1988) |
| "The human leucocyte antigen (HLA) types of 283 patients with multiple sclerosis participating in a trial of azathioprine treatment were studied." | 9.06 | Histocompatibility antigens in multiple sclerosis patients participating in a multicentre trial of azathioprine. British & Dutch Multiple Sclerosis Azathioprine Trial Group. ( , 1988) |
| "Azathioprine has the longest continuing history of clinical use in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) of any immunosuppressive therapy besides corticosteroids." | 9.06 | Azathioprine in multiple sclerosis: the cons. ( Silberberg, DH, 1988) |
| "The results are reported of a small double-blind controlled trial on the effect of azathioprine in multiple sclerosis." | 9.06 | A long-term double-blind controlled study on the effect of azathioprine in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. ( Luyckx, GJ; Minderhoud, JM; Prange, AJ, 1988) |
| "The results of a prospective, long-term controlled study on the treatment of multiple sclerosis with azathioprine are reported." | 9.05 | Azathioprine in multiple sclerosis--a 3 year controlled study of its effectiveness. ( Patzold, U; Pocklington, P, 1980) |
| "In an open, randomised, controlled follow-up study the effectiveness of continuous azathioprine therapy of multiple sclerosis with a dosage of 2 mg/kg/day was tested against a control group that was not treated with cytostatics." | 9.05 | Azathioprine in treatment of multiple sclerosis. Final results of a 41/2-year controlled study of its effectiveness covering 115 patients. ( Hecker, H; Patzold, U; Pocklington, P, 1982) |
| "Azathioprine is the most widely used immunosuppressive treatment in multiple sclerosis (MS)." | 8.84 | Azathioprine for multiple sclerosis. ( Casetta, I; Filippini, G; Iuliano, G, 2007) |
| "Azathioprine (Aza) has been proposed in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) since 1971 and continues to be used in MS Clinical Centres." | 8.84 | Azathioprine. Safety profile in multiple sclerosis patients. ( La Mantia, L; Mascoli, N; Milanese, C, 2007) |
| "The efficacy of azathioprine in the treatment of multiple sclerosis was assessed by meta-analysis of the results of all published blind, randomised, controlled trials." | 8.78 | Overview of azathioprine treatment in multiple sclerosis. ( Ellison, GW; Ghezzi, A; Goodkin, DE; Hughes, RA; McPherson, K; Mertin, J; Milanese, C; Yudkin, PL, 1991) |
| "To evaluate safety and efficacy of add-on low-dose azathioprine or interferon (IFN)-beta in patients with active multiple sclerosis despite monotherapy." | 7.78 | Interferon-β or azathioprine as add-on therapies in patients with active multiple sclerosis. ( Havrdova, E; Kalincik, T; Ticha, V, 2012) |
| "Azathioprine (AZA) is an immunosuppressive drug widely prescribed for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) until the first half of the 1990s." | 7.75 | Azathioprine for multiple sclerosis. ( Casetta, I; Filippini, G; Iuliano, G, 2009) |
| "We describe two multiple sclerosis patients who developed pancytopenia following treatment with azathioprine." | 7.73 | Azathioprine myelosuppression in multiple sclerosis: characterizing thiopurine methyltransferase polymorphisms. ( Frohman, EM; Havrdova, E; Levinson, B; Slanar, O, 2006) |
| "Azathioprine (Aza) is a widely used immunosuppressive drug in multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment." | 7.73 | Secondary myelodysplastic syndrome following long-term treatment with azathioprine in patients with multiple sclerosis. ( Diener, HC; Germing, U; Knipp, S; Limmroth, V; Putzki, N; Ramczykowski, T; Vago, S, 2006) |
| "A woman with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) was treated with oral azathioprine (AZA) for 4 years and subsequently switched to interferon-beta1a." | 7.73 | Rapid progression of Myelodysplastic syndrome to acute myeloid leukemia on sequential azathioprine, IFN-beta and copolymer-1 in a patient with multiple sclerosis. ( Al-Ali, HK; Niederwieser, D; Niklas, A; Schwarz, J; Strauss, A; Then Bergh, F; von Ahsen, N; Wagner, A, 2006) |
| "In an attempt to prevent exacerbations of multiple sclerosis, immunoglobulin therapy was combined with azathioprine (AZA)." | 7.70 | Combined immunoglobulin and azathioprine in multiple sclerosis. ( Kalanie, H; Tabatabai, SS, 1998) |
| "Azathioprine is an immunosuppressive drug widely used in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, including Multiple Sclerosis (MS)." | 7.70 | Long term azathioprine fails to prevent onset of multiple sclerosis: report of two cases. ( Blumhardt, LD; Constantinescu, CS; Whiteley, A, 2000) |
| "Five patients with a severe form of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis no longer responsive to steroid therapy were treated for six months with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin associated with plasmalymphocytapheresis and azathioprine." | 7.69 | Intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmalymphocytapheresis and azathioprine in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. ( Capello, E; Fenoglio, D; Incagliato, M; Mancardi, GL; Uccelli, A; Valbonesi, M, 1994) |
| "Azathioprine (AZA) has a slight but consistent effect on clinical outcome in multiple sclerosis (MS), but very few data are available on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes." | 7.69 | Lesion load quantification in serial MR of early relapsing multiple sclerosis patients in azathioprine treatment. A retrospective study. ( Cavazzuti, M; Mavilla, L; Merelli, E; Tassone, G, 1997) |
| "Thirty-three patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) were assigned to intervention groups receiving monthly pulses of chlorambucil (CB) for about one year." | 7.68 | Preferential reductions in lymphocyte sub-populations induced by monthly pulses of chlorambucil: studies in patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. ( Chiappelli, F; Ellison, GW; Fahey, JL; Liao, D; Myers, LW, 1991) |
| "Since 1967, 211 probable or definite multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have received azathioprine (100 mg daily) as primary immunosuppressive treatment." | 7.67 | [Prolonged treatment of multiple sclerosis with average doses of azathioprine. An evaluation of 15 years' experience]. ( de Saxcé, H; Lhermitte, F; Loridan, M; Marteau, R; Roullet, E, 1984) |
| "We report a case of azathioprine sensitivity manifesting with severe hypotension and diarrhoea." | 7.67 | Life-threatening hypotension associated with azathioprine therapy. A case report. ( Fritz, V; Kallenbach, J; Lewis, M; Reef, H; Shapiro, T; Zaltzman, M; Zwi, S, 1984) |
| "The author presents evidence from published papers of research done by numerous investigators that Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease, that the target tissue is the myelin sheath which covers the nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord, that Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) is the antigen or one of the antigens involved, that the autoimmune reaction is effected by sensitized lymphocytes together with a specific antibody, that Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis (EAE) produced in animals can be used as a model for MS, and that the autoimmune reaction in MS can possibly be suppressed by the use of MBP given by an intravenous procedure together with an immunosuppressive drug and a corticosteroid." | 7.67 | Suppression of the immune reaction in multiple sclerosis might be achieved by intravenous injections of myelin basic protein, concomitant with the administration of an immunosuppressant and a corticosteroid. ( Eidinoff, H, 1988) |
| "Intra-blood-brain-barrier IgG synthesis rates and oligoclonal IgG banding patterns were examined in 9 patients with multiple sclerosis who were treated with azathioprine and steroids for 2 to 4." | 7.67 | Azathioprine and steroids are not more effective in decreasing multiple sclerosis intra-blood-brain-barrier IgG synthesis than steroids alone. ( Ellison, GW; Lee, M; Myers, LW; Shapshak, P; Staugaitis, SM; Tourtellotte, WW, 1985) |
| "As the effectiveness of continuous azathioprine therapy in multiple sclerosis (MS) is still controversial, we have conducted a prospective trial of the drug (2 mg/kg daily for at least 2 years) in patients with clinically definite MS, ie with remitting, remitting-progressive and progressive MS." | 7.67 | Effectiveness of azathioprine treatment in multiple sclerosis. ( Amaducci, L; Amato, MP; Fratiglioni, L; Siracusa, GF; Sità, D, 1988) |
| "Intrathecal IgG synthesis and CSF oligoclonal bands were reexamined after 18-24 months in 66 patients with multiple sclerosis; 40 of them received azathioprine (AZA) 2." | 7.67 | Azathioprine reduces intrathecal IgG synthesis in multiple sclerosis. ( Caputo, D; Cazzullo, CL; Ghezzi, A; Zaffaroni, M, 1987) |
| "Effects of azathioprine, 150 mg per day on average, were studied in 213 patients with multiple sclerosis." | 7.66 | [Study of 213 cases of multiple sclerosis treated with azathioprine from 1967- to 1982]. ( Aimard, G; Confavreux, C; Devic, M; Guillot, M; Ventre, JJ, 1983) |
| "Two groups of 85 and 42 ambulatory patients with moderately advanced non-remitting multiple sclerosis were treated for six to 14 and three to six years with daily azathioprine." | 7.66 | Prolonged azathioprine treatment of non-remitting multiple sclerosis. ( Rosen, JA, 1979) |
| "Nineteen patients with multiple sclerosis were treated with azathioprine for two years." | 7.65 | Long-term treatment of multiple sclerosis with azathioprine. ( Liversedge, LA; Swinburn, WR, 1973) |
| "We enrolled 11 patients with secondary progressive MS in a randomized single-masked cross-over study of plasma exchange (PE) in combination with azathioprine 2 mg/kg." | 6.68 | Plasma exchange combined with azathioprine in multiple sclerosis using serial gadolinium-enhanced MRI to monitor disease activity: a randomized single-masked cross-over pilot study. ( Christiansen, P; Jensen, CV; Nordenbo, A; Ravnborg, M; Schreiber, K; Szpirt, W; Sørensen, PS; Wanscher, B, 1996) |
| "Azathioprine only was given during the three following year." | 6.66 | [Treatment of progressive and severe forms of multiple sclerosis using a combination of antilymphocyte serum, azathioprine and prednisone. Clinical and biological results. Comparison with a control group treated with azathioprine and prednisone only. 4-ye ( de Saxcé, H; Lhermitte, F; Marteau, R, 1987) |
| "Azathioprine is an immunosuppressive and steroid-sparing purine analogue, used in the treatment of several autoimmune diseases." | 6.44 | Azathioprine in multiple sclerosis. ( Benedetti, MD; Invernizzi, P; Monaco, S; Poli, S, 2008) |
| "The risk of malignancy associated with sequential disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is uncertain." | 5.62 | Cancer risk for multiple sclerosis patients treated with azathioprine and disease-modifying therapies: an Italian observational study. ( Benedetti, MD; Caputo, D; d'Arma, A; Di Tella, S; La Mantia, L; Lillini, R; Marangi, A; Mendozzi, L; Rovaris, M; Sant, M; Turatti, M, 2021) |
| "Azathioprine may be a treatment option, particularly in poor medical resource areas, for pediatric patients with multiple sclerosis who are seropositive for MOG-IgG." | 5.46 | Azathioprine therapy in a case of pediatric multiple sclerosis that was seropositive for MOG-IgG. ( Fang, L; Hu, X; Huang, Q; Kermode, A; Lu, T; Lu, Z; Qiu, W; Sun, X; Zhou, Y, 2017) |
| " The results are suggestive of a dose-response relationship with no significant risk during the first years of treatment and a possible increased risk after about 10 years of continuous therapy." | 5.29 | Risk of cancer from azathioprine therapy in multiple sclerosis: a case-control study. ( Adeleine, P; Aimard, G; Confavreux, C; Grimaud, J; Moreau, T; Saddier, P, 1996) |
| "Azathioprine treatment did not significantly lower quantitative synthesis." | 5.28 | Intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis in multiple sclerosis: effect of corticosteroids and azathioprine. ( Aguayo, F; Alvarez, C; Berciano, J; Garrido, JC; Miró, J; Pascual, J; Polo, JM, 1992) |
| "To evaluate long-term effects of 2-year treatment with interferon beta combined with low-dose azathioprine and prednisone in multiple sclerosis." | 5.16 | Interferon, azathioprine and corticosteroids in multiple sclerosis: 6-year follow-up of the ASA cohort. ( Dolezal, O; Havrdova, E; Horakova, D; Kalincik, T; Krasensky, J; Seidl, Z; Vaneckova, M, 2012) |
| "We wanted to test whether immunosuppression with cyclic methylprednisolone (MP) in combination with azathioprine (AZA) for 6 months accelerates recovery of IFN-beta bioactivity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) with abolished in-vivo myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) mRNA response to IFN-beta." | 5.14 | Treatment with azathioprine and cyclic methylprednisolone has little or no effect on bioactivity in anti-interferon beta antibody-positive patients with multiple sclerosis. ( Bendtzen, K; Christensen, O; Hesse, D; Jensen, PE; Ravnborg, M; Sørensen, PS; Tovey, MG, 2009) |
| "We conducted an open-label pilot clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of adding oral azathioprine to the treatment regimen of 15 multiple sclerosis patients breaking through monotherapy with interferon beta-1b." | 5.11 | Optimization of the safety and efficacy of interferon beta 1b and azathioprine combination therapy in multiple sclerosis. ( Bash, CN; Calabresi, PA; Costello, K; Cuffari, C; Mills, P; Pulicken, M; Rogg, JM; Said, A; Wilterdink, JL, 2005) |
| "Despite the longstanding clinical use of azathioprine as an immunosuppressive agent in multiple sclerosis, little is known about the action of this drug on a number of parameters of putative pathogenic relevance in the disease." | 5.08 | Immunological monitoring of azathioprine treatment in multiple sclerosis patients. ( Corsini, E; Dufour, A; Eoli, M; La Mantia, L; Milanese, C; Nespolo, A; Salmaggi, A, 1997) |
| "Forty patients, affected by multiple sclerosis with remitting-relapsing or progressive course, were included in a double blind study of treatment with azathioprine (2 mg/kg/day) lasting 3 years." | 5.07 | A double blind study on azathioprine efficacy in multiple sclerosis: final report. ( Eoli, M; La Mantia, L; Milanese, C; Salmaggi, A, 1993) |
| "We randomized 59 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis to receive azathioprine (AZA) 3." | 5.07 | The efficacy of azathioprine in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. ( Bailly, RC; Beatty, WW; Goodkin, DE; Hertsgaard, D; Teetzen, ML, 1991) |
| "The use and tolerance of cyclosporine A (Cy A) and azathioprine (AZA) are compared as long-term immunosuppression treatment for multiple sclerosis." | 5.07 | [Efficacy and tolerance of cyclosporin A in the treatment of multiple sclerosis]. ( Berrut, E; Despland, PA; Gauthier, G; Ochsner, F; Regli, F; Schluep, M; Steck, AJ, 1991) |
| "The aim of this trial was to compare the efficacy and tolerance of cyclosporine A (CYA) and azathioprine (AZA) as long-term immunosuppressive treatment for patients with multiple sclerosis." | 5.06 | Cyclosporine versus azathioprine in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: 12-month clinical and immunological evaluation. ( Gauthier, G; Ochsner, F; Regli, F; Steck, AJ, 1990) |
| "Ninety-eight patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in the chronic progression phase entered a 3-year clinical trial to determine if azathioprine (AZ) alone or with adrenal cortical steroids stabilizes the course of MS." | 5.06 | A placebo-controlled, randomized, double-masked, variable dosage, clinical trial of azathioprine with and without methylprednisolone in multiple sclerosis. ( Ellison, GW; Frane, MV; Graves, MC; Holevoet-Howson, MI; Lerner, CD; Mickey, MR; Myers, LW; Pettler-Jennings, P; Syndulko, K; Tourtellotte, WW, 1989) |
| "354 patients with multiple sclerosis were randomised to receive either azathioprine 2." | 5.06 | Double-masked trial of azathioprine in multiple sclerosis. British and Dutch Multiple Sclerosis Azathioprine Trial Group. ( , 1988) |
| "Magnetic resonance scans of 74 patients with multiple sclerosis participating in a controlled trial were compared 6 months before and at the end of a 24-32 months-treatment period with either Cyclosporin A (n = 31) or Azathioprine (n = 43)." | 5.06 | Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of treatment in multiple sclerosis. ( Heitzer, T; Kappos, L; Keil, W; Nadjmi, M; Poser, S; Ratzka, M; Schneiderbanger-Grygier, S; Städt, D, 1988) |
| "In a double-blind controlled trial of 194 patients with clinically definite active multiple sclerosis, 98 were randomized to treatment with cyclosporine (CyA, 5 mg/kg/day), and 96 to treatment with azathioprine (Aza, 2." | 5.06 | Cyclosporine versus azathioprine in the long-term treatment of multiple sclerosis--results of the German multicenter study. ( Dommasch, D; Fierz, W; Graffenried, BU; Gugerli, US; Haas, J; Kappos, L; Krauseneck, P; Malin, JP; Patzold, U; Poser, S, 1988) |
| "The preliminary results of a double blind controlled prospective randomized trial of Azathioprine for therapeutic efficacy in 38 patients with Multiple Sclerosis are reported." | 5.06 | Double blind controlled randomized study on azathioprine efficacy in multiple sclerosis. Preliminary results. ( Bortolami, C; Campi, A; Corridori, F; La Mantia, L; Milanese, C; Nespolo, A; Salmaggi, A; Tajoli, L, 1988) |
| "The human leucocyte antigen (HLA) types of 283 patients with multiple sclerosis participating in a trial of azathioprine treatment were studied." | 5.06 | Histocompatibility antigens in multiple sclerosis patients participating in a multicentre trial of azathioprine. British & Dutch Multiple Sclerosis Azathioprine Trial Group. ( , 1988) |
| "We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, comparative clinical trial of 36 weeks of methylprednisolone and 3 years of azathioprine in 98 patients in the chronic progression phase of multiple sclerosis (MS)." | 5.06 | Clinical experience with azathioprine: the pros. ( Ellison, GW; Graves, MC; Mickey, MR; Myers, LW; Nuwer, MR; Tourtellotte, WW, 1988) |
| "Azathioprine has the longest continuing history of clinical use in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) of any immunosuppressive therapy besides corticosteroids." | 5.06 | Azathioprine in multiple sclerosis: the cons. ( Silberberg, DH, 1988) |
| " Poser, et al) the effects of cyclosporine A on multiple sclerosis (MS) were compared to those of azathioprine in a blind controlled trial of 194 patients." | 5.06 | Comparative clinical trial of cyclosporine in multiple sclerosis: the pros. ( Dommasch, D, 1988) |
| "The results are reported of a small double-blind controlled trial on the effect of azathioprine in multiple sclerosis." | 5.06 | A long-term double-blind controlled study on the effect of azathioprine in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. ( Luyckx, GJ; Minderhoud, JM; Prange, AJ, 1988) |
| "30 multiple sclerosis patients in a double-blind, controlled trial were given immunosuppressive treatment consisting of antilymphocyte globulin, prednisolone, and azathioprine, or placebo." | 5.05 | Double-blind, controlled trial of immunosuppression in treatment of multiple sclerosis. ( Healy, MJ; Knight, SC; Mertin, J; Rudge, P; Thompson, EJ, 1980) |
| "In a double-blind controlled trial 43 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis were treated either with anti-lymphocyte globulin, prednisolone, and azathioprine, or with placebo preparations." | 5.05 | Double-blind controlled trial of immunosuppression in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: final report. ( Batchelor, JR; Compston, A; Denman, M; Halliday, AM; Healey, MJ; Knight, SC; Kremer, M; Medawar, PB; Mertin, J; Rudge, P; Thompson, EJ, 1982) |
| "The results of a prospective, long-term controlled study on the treatment of multiple sclerosis with azathioprine are reported." | 5.05 | Azathioprine in multiple sclerosis--a 3 year controlled study of its effectiveness. ( Patzold, U; Pocklington, P, 1980) |
| "In two preliminary trials, thymectomy was performed on 35 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, with (Group 1) or without (Group II) azathioprine therapy for 1 year." | 5.05 | Thymectomy in multiple sclerosis. Two preliminary trials. ( Bruns, KA; Clifford, DB; Ferguson, TB; McGregor, PJ; Montgomery, EB; Trotter, JL, 1983) |
| "In an open, randomised, controlled follow-up study the effectiveness of continuous azathioprine therapy of multiple sclerosis with a dosage of 2 mg/kg/day was tested against a control group that was not treated with cytostatics." | 5.05 | Azathioprine in treatment of multiple sclerosis. Final results of a 41/2-year controlled study of its effectiveness covering 115 patients. ( Hecker, H; Patzold, U; Pocklington, P, 1982) |
| "The Medline and EMBASE databases were searched for clinical trials using the following search terms: multiple sclerosis, interferon, Avonex, Betaseron, Rebif, glatiramer, copolymer 1, Copaxone, immunosuppressant, cytotoxic, corticosteroid, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, mitoxantrone, natalizumab, combination therapy." | 4.84 | Combination therapy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis: challenges and opportunities. ( Stuart, WH, 2007) |
| "Azathioprine is the most widely used immunosuppressive treatment in multiple sclerosis (MS)." | 4.84 | Azathioprine for multiple sclerosis. ( Casetta, I; Filippini, G; Iuliano, G, 2007) |
| "Azathioprine (Aza) has been proposed in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) since 1971 and continues to be used in MS Clinical Centres." | 4.84 | Azathioprine. Safety profile in multiple sclerosis patients. ( La Mantia, L; Mascoli, N; Milanese, C, 2007) |
| "Although in previous studies no clear demonstration was found of the efficacy of azathioprine, cyclophosphamide and methotrexate as immunoprophylactic agents in cases of multiple sclerosis (MS), over the past five years a number of well-designed clinical trials utilizing immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory agents have shown partial efficacy regarding the drugs involved, but they have not been able to determine in what way these drugs can modify the natural course of this disease." | 4.80 | [Is immunosuppression a future therapeutic strategy for multiple sclerosis?]. ( Coustans, M; Edan, G, 2000) |
| "The efficacies of corticosteroids and azathioprine (part 1) and of cyclophosphamide, immune globulin, cyclosporine, interferons, copolymer 1, and cladribine (part 2) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are reviewed." | 4.79 | Immunotherapy in multiple sclerosis, Part 1. ( Becker, CC; Fleming, JO; Gidal, BE, 1995) |
| "The efficacies of corticosteroids and azathioprine (part 1) and of cyclophosphamide, immune globulin, cyclosporine, interferons, copolymer 1, and cladribine (part 2) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are reviewed." | 4.79 | Immunotherapy in multiple sclerosis, Part 2. ( Becker, CC; Fleming, JO; Gidal, BE, 1995) |
| "The efficacy of azathioprine in the treatment of multiple sclerosis was assessed by meta-analysis of the results of all published blind, randomised, controlled trials." | 4.78 | Overview of azathioprine treatment in multiple sclerosis. ( Ellison, GW; Ghezzi, A; Goodkin, DE; Hughes, RA; McPherson, K; Mertin, J; Milanese, C; Yudkin, PL, 1991) |
| "We assessed two patients with multiple sclerosis who were on treatment with dimethylfumarate (DMF) preceded by long-term azathioprine therapy." | 3.88 | Altered epigenetic pathways and cell cycle dysregulation in healthy appearing skin of patients with koebnerized squamous cell carcinomas following skin surgery. ( Bechara, FG; Gambichler, T; Hessam, S; Rüddel, I; Schmitz, L; Stockfleth, E, 2018) |
| "To evaluate safety and efficacy of add-on low-dose azathioprine or interferon (IFN)-beta in patients with active multiple sclerosis despite monotherapy." | 3.78 | Interferon-β or azathioprine as add-on therapies in patients with active multiple sclerosis. ( Havrdova, E; Kalincik, T; Ticha, V, 2012) |
| "Multiple sclerosis is thought, by many investigators, to be an immunologic disease." | 3.76 | Immunosuppressive treatment of multiple sclerosis. ( Carter, JL; Rodriguez, M, 1989) |
| "Azathioprine (AZA) is an immunosuppressive drug widely prescribed for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) until the first half of the 1990s." | 3.75 | Azathioprine for multiple sclerosis. ( Casetta, I; Filippini, G; Iuliano, G, 2009) |
| "We describe two multiple sclerosis patients who developed pancytopenia following treatment with azathioprine." | 3.73 | Azathioprine myelosuppression in multiple sclerosis: characterizing thiopurine methyltransferase polymorphisms. ( Frohman, EM; Havrdova, E; Levinson, B; Slanar, O, 2006) |
| "Azathioprine (Aza) is a widely used immunosuppressive drug in multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment." | 3.73 | Secondary myelodysplastic syndrome following long-term treatment with azathioprine in patients with multiple sclerosis. ( Diener, HC; Germing, U; Knipp, S; Limmroth, V; Putzki, N; Ramczykowski, T; Vago, S, 2006) |
| "A woman with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) was treated with oral azathioprine (AZA) for 4 years and subsequently switched to interferon-beta1a." | 3.73 | Rapid progression of Myelodysplastic syndrome to acute myeloid leukemia on sequential azathioprine, IFN-beta and copolymer-1 in a patient with multiple sclerosis. ( Al-Ali, HK; Niederwieser, D; Niklas, A; Schwarz, J; Strauss, A; Then Bergh, F; von Ahsen, N; Wagner, A, 2006) |
| "Treatment with azathioprine may - depending on its cumulative dosage - lead to pancytopenia and subsequent development of myelodysplasia or secondary leukaemia, respectively." | 3.72 | [Azathioprine-associated myelodysplastic syndrome with cytogenetic aberrations]. ( Kaiser, U; Schlegelberger, B; Wilkens, L; Willerding-Möllmann, S, 2004) |
| "Azathioprine, off-label used long time ago to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, has recently received approval from the Spanish Medicine Agency (Agencia Española del Medicamento) in relapsing-remitting (RR) forms of this condition." | 3.71 | [Hypomethylation and multiple sclerosis, the susceptibility factor?]. ( Cara Terribas, CJ; González Guijarro, L, 2002) |
| "In an attempt to prevent exacerbations of multiple sclerosis, immunoglobulin therapy was combined with azathioprine (AZA)." | 3.70 | Combined immunoglobulin and azathioprine in multiple sclerosis. ( Kalanie, H; Tabatabai, SS, 1998) |
| "The long-term immunological effects of azathioprine treatment have been investigated in 8 multiple sclerosis patients with different course of disease, chronic progressive (CP) or relapsing progressive (RP)." | 3.70 | Long-term immunological changes in azathioprine-treated MS patients. ( Corsini, E; Dufour, A; Gelati, M; La Mantia, L; Massa, G; Milanese, C; Nespolo, A; Salmaggi, A, 2000) |
| "Azathioprine is an immunosuppressive drug widely used in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, including Multiple Sclerosis (MS)." | 3.70 | Long term azathioprine fails to prevent onset of multiple sclerosis: report of two cases. ( Blumhardt, LD; Constantinescu, CS; Whiteley, A, 2000) |
| "In this study, we examine the clinical, neuroradiological, and immunohistochemical findings of a 51 year old white female who died 27 months after onset of acute multiple sclerosis despite treatment with interferon-beta, azathioprine, corticosteroids, and cyclophosphamide." | 3.70 | Acute multiple sclerosis characterized by extensive mononuclear phagocyte infiltration. ( Avgeropoulos, NG; Banik, NL; Shields, DC; Tyor, WR, 2000) |
| "Five patients with a severe form of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis no longer responsive to steroid therapy were treated for six months with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin associated with plasmalymphocytapheresis and azathioprine." | 3.69 | Intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmalymphocytapheresis and azathioprine in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. ( Capello, E; Fenoglio, D; Incagliato, M; Mancardi, GL; Uccelli, A; Valbonesi, M, 1994) |
| "Azathioprine (AZA) has a slight but consistent effect on clinical outcome in multiple sclerosis (MS), but very few data are available on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes." | 3.69 | Lesion load quantification in serial MR of early relapsing multiple sclerosis patients in azathioprine treatment. A retrospective study. ( Cavazzuti, M; Mavilla, L; Merelli, E; Tassone, G, 1997) |
| "Thirty-three patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) were assigned to intervention groups receiving monthly pulses of chlorambucil (CB) for about one year." | 3.68 | Preferential reductions in lymphocyte sub-populations induced by monthly pulses of chlorambucil: studies in patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. ( Chiappelli, F; Ellison, GW; Fahey, JL; Liao, D; Myers, LW, 1991) |
| "Since 1967, 211 probable or definite multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have received azathioprine (100 mg daily) as primary immunosuppressive treatment." | 3.67 | [Prolonged treatment of multiple sclerosis with average doses of azathioprine. An evaluation of 15 years' experience]. ( de Saxcé, H; Lhermitte, F; Loridan, M; Marteau, R; Roullet, E, 1984) |
| "We report a case of azathioprine sensitivity manifesting with severe hypotension and diarrhoea." | 3.67 | Life-threatening hypotension associated with azathioprine therapy. A case report. ( Fritz, V; Kallenbach, J; Lewis, M; Reef, H; Shapiro, T; Zaltzman, M; Zwi, S, 1984) |
| "Multiple sclerosis patients have been continuously treated by azathioprine." | 3.67 | [Long-term immunosuppression in multiple sclerosis: evaluation of treatments begun before 1972]. ( Darcel, F; Madigand, M; Merienne, M; Oger, J; Sabouraud, O, 1984) |
| "The author presents evidence from published papers of research done by numerous investigators that Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease, that the target tissue is the myelin sheath which covers the nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord, that Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) is the antigen or one of the antigens involved, that the autoimmune reaction is effected by sensitized lymphocytes together with a specific antibody, that Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis (EAE) produced in animals can be used as a model for MS, and that the autoimmune reaction in MS can possibly be suppressed by the use of MBP given by an intravenous procedure together with an immunosuppressive drug and a corticosteroid." | 3.67 | Suppression of the immune reaction in multiple sclerosis might be achieved by intravenous injections of myelin basic protein, concomitant with the administration of an immunosuppressant and a corticosteroid. ( Eidinoff, H, 1988) |
| "Intra-blood-brain-barrier IgG synthesis rates and oligoclonal IgG banding patterns were examined in 9 patients with multiple sclerosis who were treated with azathioprine and steroids for 2 to 4." | 3.67 | Azathioprine and steroids are not more effective in decreasing multiple sclerosis intra-blood-brain-barrier IgG synthesis than steroids alone. ( Ellison, GW; Lee, M; Myers, LW; Shapshak, P; Staugaitis, SM; Tourtellotte, WW, 1985) |
| "As the effectiveness of continuous azathioprine therapy in multiple sclerosis (MS) is still controversial, we have conducted a prospective trial of the drug (2 mg/kg daily for at least 2 years) in patients with clinically definite MS, ie with remitting, remitting-progressive and progressive MS." | 3.67 | Effectiveness of azathioprine treatment in multiple sclerosis. ( Amaducci, L; Amato, MP; Fratiglioni, L; Siracusa, GF; Sità, D, 1988) |
| "Intrathecal IgG synthesis and CSF oligoclonal bands were reexamined after 18-24 months in 66 patients with multiple sclerosis; 40 of them received azathioprine (AZA) 2." | 3.67 | Azathioprine reduces intrathecal IgG synthesis in multiple sclerosis. ( Caputo, D; Cazzullo, CL; Ghezzi, A; Zaffaroni, M, 1987) |
| "Chromosomal analyses in lymphocytes of 28 patients with multiple sclerosis were carried out before, during and after Azathioprine (Aza) therapy." | 3.66 | Azathioprine, a clastogen in human somatic cells? Analysis of chromosome damage and SCE in lymphocytes after exposure in vivo and in vitro. ( Apelt, F; Bauchinger, M; Kolin-Gerresheim, J, 1981) |
| "Studies were performed on lymphocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis before and after thymectomy (group I) and before and after thymectomy and azathioprine therapy (group II), and from matched control patients with multiple sclerosis, control patients with other neurological diseases, and healthy control subjects." | 3.66 | Thymectomy-induced decrease in T gamma cells and OKT8+ cells in multiple sclerosis. ( Ferguson, TB; Garvey, WF; Gebel, HM; Rodey, GE; Trotter, JL, 1983) |
| "In seven of eight patients with progressive multiple sclerosis subjected to long-term plasmapheresis in combination with azathioprine and pulsed prednisone therapy, we found modest improvement of neurologic function." | 3.66 | Plasmapheresis in multiple sclerosis: preliminary findings. ( Bornstein, MB; Dau, PC; Johnson, KP; Panitch, HS; Petajan, JH, 1980) |
| "Effects of azathioprine, 150 mg per day on average, were studied in 213 patients with multiple sclerosis." | 3.66 | [Study of 213 cases of multiple sclerosis treated with azathioprine from 1967- to 1982]. ( Aimard, G; Confavreux, C; Devic, M; Guillot, M; Ventre, JJ, 1983) |
| "Two groups of 85 and 42 ambulatory patients with moderately advanced non-remitting multiple sclerosis were treated for six to 14 and three to six years with daily azathioprine." | 3.66 | Prolonged azathioprine treatment of non-remitting multiple sclerosis. ( Rosen, JA, 1979) |
| "In chromosomes of peripheral lymphocytes of 35 patients with multiple sclerosis treated with azathioprine, antilymphocytic globulin or thoracic-duct drainage structural aberrations (breaks and gaps) were found at a significantly high rate." | 3.65 | [Chromosomal aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. ( Angstwurm, H; Frick, E; Ring, J; Stickl, H; Unglaub-Leisten, I, 1975) |
| "Nineteen patients with multiple sclerosis were treated with azathioprine for two years." | 3.65 | Long-term treatment of multiple sclerosis with azathioprine. ( Liversedge, LA; Swinburn, WR, 1973) |
| "To compare adverse effects of immunotherapies for people with MS or clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), and to rank these treatments according to their relative risks of adverse effects through network meta-analyses (NMAs)." | 3.01 | Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta-analysis. ( Benedetti, MD; Capobussi, M; Castellini, G; Featherstone, R; Filippini, G; Frau, S; Gonzalez-Lorenzo, M; Lucenteforte, E; Perduca, V; Tramacere, I; Virgili, G, 2023) |
| "There was statistical difference in the recurrence interval and the yearly average recurrence times between the test group and the control group (P < 0." | 2.78 | [Effects of shugan jianpi gusui recipe on multiple sclerosis recurrence: a primary report]. ( Li, T; Mao, WQ; Zhang, XJ; Zhou, YQ, 2013) |
| "We enrolled 11 patients with secondary progressive MS in a randomized single-masked cross-over study of plasma exchange (PE) in combination with azathioprine 2 mg/kg." | 2.68 | Plasma exchange combined with azathioprine in multiple sclerosis using serial gadolinium-enhanced MRI to monitor disease activity: a randomized single-masked cross-over pilot study. ( Christiansen, P; Jensen, CV; Nordenbo, A; Ravnborg, M; Schreiber, K; Szpirt, W; Sørensen, PS; Wanscher, B, 1996) |
| "Azathioprine only was given during the three following year." | 2.66 | [Treatment of progressive and severe forms of multiple sclerosis using a combination of antilymphocyte serum, azathioprine and prednisone. Clinical and biological results. Comparison with a control group treated with azathioprine and prednisone only. 4-ye ( de Saxcé, H; Lhermitte, F; Marteau, R, 1987) |
| "Neuromyelitis optica was previously assumed to be a variant of multiple sclerosis (MS), but the discovery of aquaporin-4 antibodies in patients with neuromyelitis optica has led to this view being revised." | 2.49 | [Neuromyelitis optica]. ( Kvistad, SA; Myhr, KM; Torkildsen, Ø; Vedeler, CA; Wergeland, S, 2013) |
| "Azathioprine is an immunosuppressive and steroid-sparing purine analogue, used in the treatment of several autoimmune diseases." | 2.44 | Azathioprine in multiple sclerosis. ( Benedetti, MD; Invernizzi, P; Monaco, S; Poli, S, 2008) |
| "The rational drug-treatment of multiple sclerosis on an immunological basis requires an acquaintance with the different forms of the disease course along with an understanding of the underlying pathomechanisms as well as a thorough knowledge of the chances and limitations of such a therapy." | 2.39 | [Multiple sclerosis--current status of therapy]. ( Kölmel, HW; Reichel, D, 1995) |
| "The risk of malignancy associated with sequential disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is uncertain." | 1.62 | Cancer risk for multiple sclerosis patients treated with azathioprine and disease-modifying therapies: an Italian observational study. ( Benedetti, MD; Caputo, D; d'Arma, A; Di Tella, S; La Mantia, L; Lillini, R; Marangi, A; Mendozzi, L; Rovaris, M; Sant, M; Turatti, M, 2021) |
| "Azathioprine was the treatment prescribed in the four patients with NMOSD." | 1.51 | Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system in Niger. ( Adehossi Omar, É; Assadeck, H; Douma Maiga, D; Hassane Djibo, F; Mamadou, Z; Toudou Daouda, M, 2019) |
| "Development of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) has been sporadically reported in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) either concurrently or after treatment with immunomodulatory drugs, including interferon-beta (IFN-β) and steroids." | 1.51 | Autoimmune hepatitis in patients with multiple sclerosis: The role of immunomodulatory treatment. ( Arvaniti, P; Dalekos, GN; Gyftaki, S; Hadjigeorgiou, G; Koukoulis, GK; Rigopoulou, EI; Tsimourtou, V, 2019) |
| "Azathioprine may be a treatment option, particularly in poor medical resource areas, for pediatric patients with multiple sclerosis who are seropositive for MOG-IgG." | 1.46 | Azathioprine therapy in a case of pediatric multiple sclerosis that was seropositive for MOG-IgG. ( Fang, L; Hu, X; Huang, Q; Kermode, A; Lu, T; Lu, Z; Qiu, W; Sun, X; Zhou, Y, 2017) |
| "The coexistence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and multiple sclerosis (MS) in the same individual has rarely been described." | 1.40 | Coexistence of systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis: prevalence, clinical characteristics, and natural history. ( Amoiridis, G; Bertsias, G; Boumpas, DT; Fanouriakis, A; Mastorodemos, V; Pamfil, C; Papadaki, E; Plaitakis, A; Sidiropoulos, P, 2014) |
| "The assessment of the dose-response relationship is important but not straightforward when the therapeutic agent is administered repeatedly with dose-modification in each patient and a continuous response is measured repeatedly." | 1.38 | An autoregressive linear mixed effects model for the analysis of unequally spaced longitudinal data with dose-modification. ( Funatogawa, I; Funatogawa, T, 2012) |
| "The relative increased risk of breast cancer in MS women under IS treatment warrants further attention." | 1.35 | Cancer risk and impact of disease-modifying treatments in patients with multiple sclerosis. ( Berthier, F; Clavelou, P; Danzon, A; de Seze, J; Debouverie, M; Defer, G; Gout, O; Lebrun, C; Rumbach, L; Vermersch, P; Wiertlevski, S, 2008) |
| "Multiple sclerosis was diagnosed at the age of 21, after a 13-year history of uveitis and after 3 years without medication." | 1.32 | Intermediate uveitis in childhood preceding the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a 13-year follow-up. ( Ayertey, HD; Brunner, R; Jordan, JF; Walter, P, 2003) |
| "Mitoxantrone has gained largest acceptance." | 1.32 | Clinical practice of immunosuppressive treatments in multiple sclerosis: results of a second international questionnaire. ( Hommes, OR; Weiner, HL, 2004) |
| "Progressive multiple sclerosis has been held to be irreversible." | 1.31 | Partial and significant reversal of progressive visual and neurological deficits in multiple sclerosis: a possible therapeutic effect. ( Milder, DG, 2002) |
| "Azathioprine was most frequently used." | 1.31 | Results of an international questionnaire on immunosuppressive treatment of multiple sclerosis. ( Hommes, OR; Weiner, HL, 2002) |
| " Most clinics use intravenous steroids for treating relapses, although with different dosing regimens." | 1.30 | Current status of multiple sclerosis therapy in Germany: a national survey. ( Berenbeck, C; Buhmann, C; Emskotter, T; Hadji-Abdolrahim, B; Hauer, S; Heesen, C, 1999) |
| " The results are suggestive of a dose-response relationship with no significant risk during the first years of treatment and a possible increased risk after about 10 years of continuous therapy." | 1.29 | Risk of cancer from azathioprine therapy in multiple sclerosis: a case-control study. ( Adeleine, P; Aimard, G; Confavreux, C; Grimaud, J; Moreau, T; Saddier, P, 1996) |
| "Azathioprine treatment did not significantly lower quantitative synthesis." | 1.28 | Intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis in multiple sclerosis: effect of corticosteroids and azathioprine. ( Aguayo, F; Alvarez, C; Berciano, J; Garrido, JC; Miró, J; Pascual, J; Polo, JM, 1992) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 118 (50.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 46 (19.49) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 50 (21.19) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 17 (7.20) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 5 (2.12) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Tramacere, I | 1 |
| Virgili, G | 1 |
| Perduca, V | 1 |
| Lucenteforte, E | 1 |
| Benedetti, MD | 4 |
| Capobussi, M | 1 |
| Castellini, G | 1 |
| Frau, S | 1 |
| Gonzalez-Lorenzo, M | 1 |
| Featherstone, R | 1 |
| Filippini, G | 3 |
| Marangi, A | 2 |
| Farina, G | 1 |
| Vicenzi, V | 1 |
| Forlivesi, S | 1 |
| Calabria, F | 1 |
| Marchioretto, F | 1 |
| Forgione, A | 1 |
| Rossi, F | 1 |
| Stenta, G | 1 |
| Vianello, M | 1 |
| Gajofatto, A | 1 |
| Lim, YM | 1 |
| Kim, H | 1 |
| Lee, EJ | 1 |
| Kim, HW | 1 |
| Kim, HJ | 1 |
| Kim, KK | 1 |
| Reder, AT | 2 |
| Centonze, D | 1 |
| Naylor, ML | 1 |
| Nagpal, A | 1 |
| Rajbhandari, R | 1 |
| Altincatal, A | 1 |
| Kim, M | 1 |
| Berdofe, A | 1 |
| Radhakrishnan, M | 1 |
| Jung, E | 1 |
| Sandrock, AW | 1 |
| Smirnakis, K | 1 |
| Popescu, C | 1 |
| de Moor, C | 1 |
| La Mantia, L | 6 |
| Sant, M | 1 |
| d'Arma, A | 1 |
| Di Tella, S | 1 |
| Lillini, R | 1 |
| Mendozzi, L | 1 |
| Turatti, M | 1 |
| Caputo, D | 2 |
| Rovaris, M | 1 |
| Gambichler, T | 1 |
| Rüddel, I | 1 |
| Hessam, S | 1 |
| Bechara, FG | 1 |
| Stockfleth, E | 1 |
| Schmitz, L | 1 |
| Campbell, A | 1 |
| Ogundipe, OA | 1 |
| Assadeck, H | 1 |
| Toudou Daouda, M | 1 |
| Adehossi Omar, É | 1 |
| Mamadou, Z | 1 |
| Hassane Djibo, F | 1 |
| Douma Maiga, D | 1 |
| Rigopoulou, EI | 1 |
| Gyftaki, S | 1 |
| Arvaniti, P | 1 |
| Tsimourtou, V | 1 |
| Koukoulis, GK | 1 |
| Hadjigeorgiou, G | 1 |
| Dalekos, GN | 1 |
| Zhou, YQ | 1 |
| Mao, WQ | 1 |
| Zhang, XJ | 1 |
| Li, T | 1 |
| Kvistad, SA | 1 |
| Wergeland, S | 1 |
| Torkildsen, Ø | 1 |
| Myhr, KM | 1 |
| Vedeler, CA | 1 |
| Fanouriakis, A | 1 |
| Mastorodemos, V | 1 |
| Pamfil, C | 1 |
| Papadaki, E | 1 |
| Sidiropoulos, P | 1 |
| Plaitakis, A | 1 |
| Amoiridis, G | 1 |
| Bertsias, G | 1 |
| Boumpas, DT | 1 |
| Milosevic, Z | 1 |
| Tanic, N | 1 |
| Bankovic, J | 1 |
| Stankovic, T | 1 |
| Buta, M | 1 |
| Lavrnic, D | 1 |
| Milovanovic, Z | 1 |
| Pupic, G | 1 |
| Stojkovic, S | 1 |
| Milinkovic, V | 1 |
| Ito, Y | 1 |
| Dzodic, R | 1 |
| Messori, A | 1 |
| Fadda, V | 1 |
| Maratea, D | 1 |
| Trippoli, S | 1 |
| D'Amico, E | 1 |
| Leone, C | 1 |
| Graziano, G | 1 |
| Amato, MP | 3 |
| Bergamaschi, R | 1 |
| Cavalla, P | 1 |
| Coniglio, G | 1 |
| Di Battista, G | 1 |
| Ferrò, MT | 1 |
| Granella, F | 1 |
| Granieri, E | 1 |
| Lugaresi, A | 1 |
| Lus, G | 1 |
| Millefiorini, E | 1 |
| Pozzilli, C | 1 |
| Tedeschi, G | 1 |
| Zappia, M | 1 |
| Comi, G | 1 |
| Trojano, M | 1 |
| Lepore, V | 1 |
| Patti, F | 1 |
| Sayin, R | 1 |
| Gokgul, A | 1 |
| Ebinc, S | 1 |
| Dulger, AC | 1 |
| Tombul, T | 1 |
| Zhou, Y | 1 |
| Huang, Q | 1 |
| Lu, T | 1 |
| Sun, X | 1 |
| Fang, L | 1 |
| Lu, Z | 1 |
| Hu, X | 1 |
| Kermode, A | 1 |
| Qiu, W | 1 |
| Invernizzi, P | 1 |
| Poli, S | 1 |
| Monaco, S | 1 |
| Tucker, WG | 2 |
| Andrew Paskauskas, R | 1 |
| Wiendl, H | 1 |
| Toyka, KV | 2 |
| Rieckmann, P | 2 |
| Gold, R | 1 |
| Hartung, HP | 3 |
| Hohlfeld, R | 2 |
| Ravnborg, M | 2 |
| Bendtzen, K | 1 |
| Christensen, O | 1 |
| Jensen, PE | 1 |
| Hesse, D | 1 |
| Tovey, MG | 1 |
| Sørensen, PS | 2 |
| Casetta, I | 2 |
| Iuliano, G | 2 |
| Lopategui Cabezas, I | 1 |
| Cervantes Llano, M | 1 |
| Pentón Rol, G | 1 |
| Misu, T | 2 |
| Takahashi, T | 1 |
| Nakashima, I | 2 |
| Fujihara, K | 2 |
| Itoyama, Y | 2 |
| Funatogawa, I | 2 |
| Funatogawa, T | 2 |
| Kalincik, T | 2 |
| Horakova, D | 1 |
| Dolezal, O | 1 |
| Krasensky, J | 1 |
| Vaneckova, M | 1 |
| Seidl, Z | 1 |
| Havrdova, E | 3 |
| Ticha, V | 1 |
| Wang, KC | 1 |
| Tsai, CP | 1 |
| Lee, CL | 1 |
| Chen, SY | 1 |
| Chin, LT | 1 |
| Chen, SJ | 1 |
| Stankiewicz, JM | 1 |
| Kolb, H | 1 |
| Karni, A | 1 |
| Weiner, HL | 4 |
| Menor, C | 1 |
| Fueyo, J | 1 |
| Escribano, O | 1 |
| Piña, MJ | 1 |
| Redondo, P | 1 |
| Cara, C | 1 |
| Román, ID | 1 |
| Fernández-Moreno, MD | 1 |
| Guijarro, LG | 1 |
| Milder, DG | 1 |
| Pender, MP | 1 |
| Wolfe, NP | 1 |
| Chadwick, D | 1 |
| Gray, R | 1 |
| Jordan, JF | 2 |
| Walter, P | 2 |
| Ayertey, HD | 2 |
| Brunner, R | 2 |
| Halfpenny, CA | 1 |
| Scolding, NJ | 1 |
| Kieseier, BC | 1 |
| Jarius, S | 1 |
| Voltz, R | 1 |
| Taylor, L | 1 |
| Hughes, RA | 5 |
| McPherson, K | 2 |
| Willerding-Möllmann, S | 1 |
| Wilkens, L | 1 |
| Schlegelberger, B | 1 |
| Kaiser, U | 1 |
| Confavreux, C | 6 |
| Vukusic, S | 1 |
| Fernández, O | 1 |
| Fernández, V | 1 |
| De Ramón, E | 1 |
| Hommes, OR | 2 |
| Boggild, M | 1 |
| Ford, H | 2 |
| Jeffery, DR | 1 |
| Ersoy, E | 1 |
| Kuş, CN | 1 |
| Sener, U | 1 |
| Coker, I | 1 |
| Zorlu, Y | 1 |
| Pulicken, M | 1 |
| Bash, CN | 1 |
| Costello, K | 1 |
| Said, A | 1 |
| Cuffari, C | 1 |
| Wilterdink, JL | 1 |
| Rogg, JM | 1 |
| Mills, P | 1 |
| Calabresi, PA | 1 |
| Frohman, EM | 1 |
| Levinson, B | 1 |
| Slanar, O | 1 |
| Nicholas, R | 1 |
| Putzki, N | 1 |
| Knipp, S | 1 |
| Ramczykowski, T | 1 |
| Vago, S | 1 |
| Germing, U | 1 |
| Diener, HC | 1 |
| Limmroth, V | 1 |
| Ohashi, Y | 1 |
| Cavaletti, G | 1 |
| Then Bergh, F | 1 |
| Niklas, A | 1 |
| Strauss, A | 1 |
| von Ahsen, N | 1 |
| Niederwieser, D | 1 |
| Schwarz, J | 1 |
| Wagner, A | 1 |
| Al-Ali, HK | 1 |
| Braun Hashemi, CA | 1 |
| Zang, YC | 1 |
| Arbona, JA | 1 |
| Bauerle, JA | 1 |
| Frazer, ML | 1 |
| Lee, H | 1 |
| Flury, L | 1 |
| Moore, ES | 1 |
| Kolar, MC | 1 |
| Washington, RY | 1 |
| Kolar, OJ | 2 |
| Stuart, WH | 1 |
| Mascoli, N | 1 |
| Milanese, C | 6 |
| Lebrun, C | 1 |
| Debouverie, M | 1 |
| Vermersch, P | 1 |
| Clavelou, P | 1 |
| Rumbach, L | 1 |
| de Seze, J | 1 |
| Wiertlevski, S | 1 |
| Defer, G | 1 |
| Gout, O | 1 |
| Berthier, F | 1 |
| Danzon, A | 1 |
| Antel, JP | 2 |
| Mertin, J | 7 |
| Knight, SC | 5 |
| Rudge, P | 2 |
| Thompson, EJ | 2 |
| Healy, MJ | 1 |
| Kremer, M | 3 |
| Healey, MJ | 1 |
| Compston, A | 1 |
| Batchelor, JR | 1 |
| Halliday, AM | 1 |
| Denman, M | 1 |
| Medawar, PB | 2 |
| Hallpike, JF | 1 |
| Patzold, U | 7 |
| Pocklington, P | 3 |
| Apelt, F | 1 |
| Kolin-Gerresheim, J | 1 |
| Bauchinger, M | 1 |
| Shih, WW | 1 |
| Ellison, GW | 10 |
| Myers, LW | 9 |
| Durkos-Smith, D | 1 |
| Fahey, JL | 3 |
| Hauser, SL | 1 |
| Fosburg, M | 1 |
| Kevy, S | 1 |
| McDonald, WI | 2 |
| Wurster, U | 1 |
| Mardt, K | 1 |
| Schiemann, M | 1 |
| Noseworthy, JH | 1 |
| Seland, TP | 1 |
| Ebers, GC | 1 |
| Trotter, JL | 3 |
| Gebel, HM | 2 |
| Ferguson, TB | 2 |
| Garvey, WF | 1 |
| Rodey, GE | 2 |
| Harrer, G | 2 |
| Schulte, RM | 1 |
| Miescher, PA | 1 |
| Beris, P | 1 |
| Mickey, MR | 3 |
| Frane, MV | 2 |
| Tourtellotte, WW | 5 |
| Spina, CA | 1 |
| Lhermitte, F | 2 |
| Marteau, R | 2 |
| Roullet, E | 1 |
| de Saxcé, H | 2 |
| Loridan, M | 1 |
| Dau, PC | 1 |
| Petajan, JH | 1 |
| Johnson, KP | 1 |
| Panitch, HS | 1 |
| Bornstein, MB | 1 |
| Oger, JJ | 1 |
| Kuo, HH | 1 |
| Arnason, BG | 1 |
| Aulhorn, E | 1 |
| Hennerici, M | 1 |
| Kampik, A | 1 |
| Schmidt, D | 1 |
| Schmidt, R | 1 |
| Friedburg, D | 1 |
| Aimard, G | 3 |
| Ventre, JJ | 1 |
| Guillot, M | 1 |
| Devic, M | 2 |
| Zaltzman, M | 1 |
| Kallenbach, J | 1 |
| Shapiro, T | 1 |
| Lewis, M | 1 |
| Fritz, V | 1 |
| Reef, H | 1 |
| Zwi, S | 1 |
| Sabouraud, O | 3 |
| Oger, J | 2 |
| Darcel, F | 1 |
| Madigand, M | 1 |
| Merienne, M | 1 |
| Haas, J | 4 |
| Clifford, DB | 1 |
| Montgomery, EB | 1 |
| Bruns, KA | 1 |
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| Busse, O | 1 |
| Kronsbein, HJ | 1 |
| Harding, B | 1 |
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| Walker, JE | 1 |
| Ehle, AL | 1 |
| Near, L | 1 |
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| Becker, D | 1 |
| Müller, J | 2 |
| Sauermann, W | 2 |
| Kreiner, R | 2 |
| Reichel, D | 1 |
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| Uccelli, A | 1 |
| Capello, E | 1 |
| Fenoglio, D | 1 |
| Incagliato, M | 1 |
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| Mancardi, GL | 1 |
| Salmaggi, A | 4 |
| Eoli, M | 2 |
| Pracucci, G | 1 |
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| Siracusa, G | 1 |
| Fratiglioni, L | 3 |
| Amaducci, L | 3 |
| Becker, CC | 2 |
| Gidal, BE | 2 |
| Fleming, JO | 2 |
| Saddier, P | 1 |
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| Adeleine, P | 1 |
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| Corsini, E | 2 |
| Dufour, A | 2 |
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| Vass, K | 1 |
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| Vázquez, J | 1 |
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| Schwechheimer, K | 1 |
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| Kappos, L | 6 |
| Cohen, JA | 1 |
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| Kinkel, RP | 1 |
| Schwid, SR | 1 |
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| Antonello, RM | 1 |
| Zorzon, M | 1 |
| Torre, P | 1 |
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| Schluep, M | 2 |
| van Melle, G | 1 |
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| Sato, S | 1 |
| Cendrowski, W | 4 |
| MacLean, HJ | 1 |
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| Cara Terribas, CJ | 1 |
| González Guijarro, L | 1 |
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| Frick, E | 6 |
| Angstwurm, H | 5 |
| Blomer, R | 1 |
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| Zweiman, B | 5 |
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| Haller, P | 1 |
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| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| De-escalation After Natalizumab Treatment With Interferon-beta-1b in Patients With Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis[NCT01144052] | Phase 4 | 19 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Natalizumab De-escalation to Interferon-beta-1b in Patients With Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Swiss Multicenter Study Prospective, Controlled, Single-arm, Open-label, Multi-centre, Phase IV Study[NCT01701856] | Phase 4 | 5 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-09-30 | Terminated (stopped due to Problems to recruit the needed number of patients in the planned time) | ||
| Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Fatigue Treatment in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Obstructive Sleep Apnea[NCT01563900] | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-02-29 | Withdrawn (stopped due to Was unable to recruit subjects) | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
Patients were followed-up during 12 months and time to first on-study relapse from randomization was recorded. (NCT01144052)
Timeframe: 12 months
| Intervention | days (Median) |
|---|---|
| Natalizumab | NA |
| Interferon-beta-1b | 103 |
(NCT01144052)
Timeframe: 12 months
| Intervention | events (Number) |
|---|---|
| Natalizumab | 25 |
| Interferon-beta-1b | 8 |
(NCT01144052)
Timeframe: 12 months
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Natalizumab | 0 |
| Interferon-beta-1b | 2 |
(NCT01144052)
Timeframe: 12 months
| Intervention | number of events (Number) |
|---|---|
| Natalizumab | 0 |
| Interferon-beta-1b | 3 |
(NCT01144052)
Timeframe: 12 months
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Natalizumab | 10 |
| Interferon-beta-1b | 7 |
Change of Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS 1-10). Higher values represent a worser outcome. (NCT01144052)
Timeframe: 12 months vs baseline
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) |
|---|---|
| Natalizumab | 0 |
| Interferon-beta-1b | 0.5 |
Number of new T2-hyperintense lesions, Number of Gd-enhancing lesions on T1-weighted images. Assessments at month 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24. (NCT01144052)
Timeframe: 12 months
| Intervention | Lesions (Median) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nT2L month 3 | nT2L month 6 | nT2L month 9 | nT2L month 12 | GD+L month 3 | GD+L month 6 | GD+L month 9 | GD+L month 12 | |
| Interferon-beta-1b | 0.5 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Natalizumab | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Recording and reporting according to regulations. Monthly assessments or if necessary. (NCT01144052)
Timeframe: 12 months
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Number of patients with infections | Number of patients with injections site reactions | |
| Interferon-beta-1b | 4 | 4 |
| Natalizumab | 7 | 0 |
55 reviews available for azathioprine and MS (Multiple Sclerosis)
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta-analysis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alemtuzumab; Azathioprine; Cladribine; Daclizumab; Dimethyl Fumarate; Female; Fin | 2023 |
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder presenting in an octogenarian.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Aquaporin 4; Azathioprine; Brain Stem; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Glucocort | 2018 |
[Neuromyelitis optica].
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; Aquaporin 4; Astrocytes; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Diagn | 2013 |
Indirect meta-analytical comparison of azathioprine and of beta interferon effectiveness in all forms of multiple sclerosis pooled together.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Interferon-beta; Male; Middle Aged; M | 2014 |
Azathioprine in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; | 2008 |
[Optic neuromyelitis. Main differences with multiple sclerosis].
Topics: Acute Disease; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Administration, Oral; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Mon | 2008 |
[Neuromyelitis optica and anti-aquaporin 4 antibody--distinct from multiple sclerosis].
Topics: Aquaporin 4; Astrocytes; Autoantibodies; Autoimmunity; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Humans; Immunoglobu | 2009 |
Role of immunosuppressive therapy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Methotrexate; | 2013 |
Prevention of autoimmune attack and disease progression in multiple sclerosis: current therapies and future prospects.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; B-Lymphocytes; Cyclophosphamide; Disease | 2002 |
Current disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Analgesics; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azath | 2003 |
[Diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis. Update, 2003].
Topics: Acute Disease; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Analgesics; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; | 2003 |
Non-specific immunosuppressants in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Glatiramer Acetate; History, 20th Century; Humans; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; Immun | 2004 |
Azathioprine and methotrexate in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immu | 2004 |
Multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Interferon-beta; Multiple Sclerosis | 2003 |
Use of combination therapy with immunomodulators and immunosuppressants in treating multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Antagonism; Drug Resistance; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunologic Facto | 2004 |
Multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Amantadine; Azathioprine; Glatiramer Acetate; Humans; Immunoglobulins, Intr | 2005 |
Current status and future prospective of immunointervention in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Cyclophosphamide; Humans; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; I | 2006 |
Combination therapy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis: challenges and opportunities.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Analgesics; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclophosphamide; Cytot | 2007 |
Azathioprine for multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Multiple Sclerosis; Neoplasms; Randomized Controlled | 2007 |
Azathioprine. Safety profile in multiple sclerosis patients.
Topics: Azathioprine; Databases, Factual; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Longitudinal St | 2007 |
New treatments for multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Desensitization, Immunologic; Dieta | 1980 |
Plasmapheresis, lymphocytapheresis, and immunosuppressive drug therapy in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cell Separati | 1982 |
Immunosuppressive drugs in multiple sclerosis: pro and con.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Alkylating Agents; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Cycloph | 1980 |
[Immunosuppressive treatment im multiple sclerosis].
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Encephalomyelitis | 1980 |
Immunosuppressive therapy in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Alkylating Agents; Anemia; Anemia, Aplastic; Anemia, Hemolytic, | 1984 |
[Somatic and psychosocial therapy concepts in multiple sclerosis (I)].
Topics: Azathioprine; Benzilates; Butylscopolammonium Bromide; Cyclophosphamide; Dietary Fats; Emepronium; F | 1981 |
[Multiple sclerosis--current status of therapy].
Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Glatiramer Acetate; Humans | 1995 |
Immunotherapy for multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosporine; Female; Forecasting; Humans; Immunotherapy; Interferon | 1994 |
Immunotherapy in multiple sclerosis, Part 1.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; | 1995 |
Immunotherapy in multiple sclerosis, Part 2.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cladribine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosporins; Glatirame | 1995 |
Meta-analysis of the placebo-treated groups in clinical trials of progressive MS.
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Brain Stem; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Cyclosporine; Di | 1996 |
[Current therapy of multiple sclerosis].
Topics: Azathioprine; Cladribine; Cyclophosphamide; Glatiramer Acetate; Humans; Interferon-beta; Methotrexat | 1996 |
Emerging treatments in multiple sclerosis: azathioprine and mofetil.
Topics: Azathioprine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Magnetic Resonance | 1996 |
[Non-specific immunosuppression and multiple sclerosis].
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosporine; Humans; Immunosuppression Ther | 1998 |
Therapy of relapsing multiple sclerosis. Treatment approaches for nonresponders.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Humans; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; Immu | 1999 |
Escalating immunotherapy of multiple sclerosis.Austrian-German- Swiss Multiple Sclerosis Therapy Consensus Group [MSTCG].
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Cyclop | 1999 |
[Treatment of multiple sclerosis. The present and the future. Study Group on Diagnosis and Therapy of Multiple Sclerosis].
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Forecasting | 1999 |
[Is immunosuppression a future therapeutic strategy for multiple sclerosis?].
Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclophosphamide; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunos | 2000 |
Disease-modifying drugs for multiple sclerosis: a rapid and systematic review.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Azathioprine; Cladribine; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Cost | 2000 |
Immunomodulatory drugs for multiple sclerosis: a systematic review of clinical and cost effectiveness.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cladribine; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Costs; Glatiramer Acetate; H | 2001 |
[Multiple sclerosis--recent advances in pathogenesis and treatment].
Topics: Autoimmunity; Azathioprine; Cytokines; Glatiramer Acetate; Humans; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; Imm | 2002 |
[Therapeutic potential of interferon beta-1b and related drugs in multiple sclerosis: comparative meta-analysis].
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans | 2001 |
Immunologic therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Autoimmune Diseases; Azat | 2001 |
A review of systemic nonspecific immunosuppressive treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, | 1978 |
Overview of azathioprine treatment in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Disability Evaluation; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Multiple Scl | 1991 |
[Immunosuppressive therapy of various autoimmune diseases of the nervous system].
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; My | 1990 |
[Immunosuppressive treatment of multiple sclerosis (review of the literature].
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Antilymphocyte Serum; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Combined Modal | 1990 |
[Immunosuppressive therapy of multiple sclerosis using cyclosporin A and azathioprine. Long-term effects, risks, proton spin tomography and immunological findings].
Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclosporins; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Immunologic Techniques; Longitudina | 1990 |
Immunosuppressive treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclop | 1989 |
[Immunosuppressive treatment in neurological disorders].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; C | 1973 |
[Immunodepressors in ophthalmology].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antilymphocyte Se | 1971 |
[Modern views on the treatment of multiple sclerosis].
Topics: Acute Disease; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Di | 1974 |
Immunosuppressive therapy in neurological diseases.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Azathioprine; Central Nervous System Diseases; Cyclophosphamide; Cytara | 1974 |
Immunosuppressive therapy. 2.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Chlorambucil; Clin | 1972 |
Recent advances in the study of uveitis.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Aqueous Humor; Azathioprine; Cell Migration Inhibitio | 1974 |
52 trials available for azathioprine and MS (Multiple Sclerosis)
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
[Effects of shugan jianpi gusui recipe on multiple sclerosis recurrence: a primary report].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Middle | 2013 |
The Use of Immunosuppressant Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis in Italy: A Multicenter Retroprospective Study.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Interferon | 2016 |
Treatment with azathioprine and cyclic methylprednisolone has little or no effect on bioactivity in anti-interferon beta antibody-positive patients with multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Antibodies; Azathioprine; Drug Resistance; Drug Therapy, Combination; Genes, Reporter; Glucocorticoi | 2009 |
Interferon, azathioprine and corticosteroids in multiple sclerosis: 6-year follow-up of the ASA cohort.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Brain; Cohort Stud | 2012 |
The effects of interferon-beta on interleukin-10 in multiple sclerosis patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Central Nervous System; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; I | 2005 |
Optimization of the safety and efficacy of interferon beta 1b and azathioprine combination therapy in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adult; Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunosuppre | 2005 |
Serum immunologic markers in multiple sclerosis patients on continuous combined therapy with beta-interferon 1a, prednisone and azathioprine.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Cytokines; Disability Evaluation; Drug Interactions; | 2006 |
Double-blind, controlled trial of immunosuppression in treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Com | 1980 |
Double-blind controlled trial of immunosuppression in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: final report.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method | 1982 |
Azathioprine in multiple sclerosis--a 3 year controlled study of its effectiveness.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis | 1980 |
Therapeutic trials in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosporins; | 1984 |
Therapeutic trials in multiple sclerosis: azathioprine.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Male; Meth | 1984 |
[Long-term therapeutic trials and multiple sclerosis: a wager?].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disability Evaluation; Humans; Immu | 1983 |
Thymectomy in multiple sclerosis. Two preliminary trials.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Male; M | 1983 |
Cell number requirements for lymphocyte stimulation in vitro: changes during the course of multiple sclerosis and the effects of immunosuppression.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cells, Cultured; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Le | 1981 |
Azathioprine in treatment of multiple sclerosis. Final results of a 41/2-year controlled study of its effectiveness covering 115 patients.
Topics: Adult; Anemia, Macrocytic; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Hepatitis; Humans; Male; | 1982 |
A double blind study on azathioprine efficacy in multiple sclerosis: final report.
Topics: Actuarial Analysis; Azathioprine; Double-Blind Method; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis | 1993 |
Plasma exchange combined with azathioprine in multiple sclerosis using serial gadolinium-enhanced MRI to monitor disease activity: a randomized single-masked cross-over pilot study.
Topics: Adult; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Contrast Media; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Gadolinium DTP | 1996 |
Immunological monitoring of azathioprine treatment in multiple sclerosis patients.
Topics: Azathioprine; B-Lymphocytes; Cytokines; Drug Monitoring; Female; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Immunosu | 1997 |
Causal inference in a clinical trial: a comparative example.
Topics: Azathioprine; Bias; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Co | 1999 |
A review of systemic nonspecific immunosuppressive treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, | 1978 |
[Treatment of multiple sclerosis by Azathioprine. About 77 cases studied during 10 years (author's transl)].
Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Remission, Sp | 1978 |
Long-term therapy with cyclosporin A does not influence serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Calcifediol; Calcitriol; Creatine; Cyclosporine; Double-Blind Method; Female; H | 1992 |
The efficacy of azathioprine in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Disability Evaluation; Humans; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosi | 1991 |
[Efficacy and tolerance of cyclosporin A in the treatment of multiple sclerosis].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclosporins; Humans; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis | 1991 |
[Immunosuppressive therapy of multiple sclerosis using cyclosporin A and azathioprine. Long-term effects, risks, proton spin tomography and immunological findings].
Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclosporins; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Immunologic Techniques; Longitudina | 1990 |
Cyclosporine versus azathioprine in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: 12-month clinical and immunological evaluation.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclosporins; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple | 1990 |
Immunosuppressive treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclop | 1989 |
[Current studies of the effects of immunosuppressive agents on multiple sclerosis].
Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Multi | 1989 |
A placebo-controlled, randomized, double-masked, variable dosage, clinical trial of azathioprine with and without methylprednisolone in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combin | 1989 |
Double-masked trial of azathioprine in multiple sclerosis. British and Dutch Multiple Sclerosis Azathioprine Trial Group.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disability Evaluation; Double-Blind Metho | 1988 |
Peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotype and function in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Leukocyte C | 1988 |
Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of treatment in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Brain; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclosporins; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mul | 1988 |
Clinical trials of immunosuppression and immunomodulation in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Azathioprine; Brain; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosporin | 1988 |
Cyclosporine versus azathioprine in the long-term treatment of multiple sclerosis--results of the German multicenter study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclosporins; Double-Blind Method; Humans | 1988 |
Double blind controlled randomized study on azathioprine efficacy in multiple sclerosis. Preliminary results.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Rand | 1988 |
Histocompatibility antigens in multiple sclerosis patients participating in a multicentre trial of azathioprine. British & Dutch Multiple Sclerosis Azathioprine Trial Group.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up St | 1988 |
Clinical experience with azathioprine: the pros.
Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Multip | 1988 |
Azathioprine in multiple sclerosis: the cons.
Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Follow-Up St | 1988 |
Comparative clinical trial of cyclosporine in multiple sclerosis: the pros.
Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclosporins; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppression T | 1988 |
[Immunosuppressive treatment in multiple sclerosis].
Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis | 1987 |
[Treatment of progressive and severe forms of multiple sclerosis using a combination of antilymphocyte serum, azathioprine and prednisone. Clinical and biological results. Comparison with a control group treated with azathioprine and prednisone only. 4-ye
Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Therapy, Combination; Follow-Up S | 1987 |
Evoked potentials predict the clinical changes in a multiple sclerosis drug study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Brain Stem; Clinical Trials as Topic; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; E | 1987 |
Double-blind controlled trial of azathioprine in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Netherlands | 1987 |
A long-term double-blind controlled study on the effect of azathioprine in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Evaluation; Erythrocyte Indices; Female; Humans; Male; Multi | 1988 |
A double-blind controlled pilot study of plasma exchange versus sham apheresis in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Combined Modality Therapy; Cyclophosphamide; Double-B | 1985 |
Plasma exchange in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Humans; Immunoglob | 1985 |
Therapeutic trial of Imuran (azathioprine) in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Azathioprine; Blood Cell Count | 1971 |
[Induction of tolerance of heterologous protein in therapy with antilymphocytic globulin in man].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Corneal Transplantation; Derma | 1972 |
Intensive immunosuppression in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cells, Cultured; Drainage; Drug Therapy, Combina | 1974 |
Immunosuppressive therapy. 2.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Chlorambucil; Clin | 1972 |
[Treatment of multiple sclerosis with azathioprine (Imuran)].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; M | 1974 |
133 other studies available for azathioprine and MS (Multiple Sclerosis)
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Changing therapeutic strategies and persistence to disease-modifying treatments in a population of multiple sclerosis patients from Veneto region, Italy.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Dimethyl Fumarate; Drug Prescriptions; Drug Utilization; Female; Fingolimod Hyd | 2020 |
Beneficial effects of intravenous immunoglobulin as an add-on therapy to azathioprine for NMO-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin | 2020 |
COVID-19 in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Associations with Disease-Modifying Therapies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alemtuzumab; Azathioprine; Black or African American; Cl | 2021 |
Cancer risk for multiple sclerosis patients treated with azathioprine and disease-modifying therapies: an Italian observational study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Humans; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies | 2021 |
Altered epigenetic pathways and cell cycle dysregulation in healthy appearing skin of patients with koebnerized squamous cell carcinomas following skin surgery.
Topics: 5-Methylcytosine; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Cycle; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibi | 2018 |
Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system in Niger.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Central Nervous System Diseases; Demyelinating Diseases; Disability Evalu | 2019 |
Autoimmune hepatitis in patients with multiple sclerosis: The role of immunomodulatory treatment.
Topics: Adult; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Female; Glucocorticoids; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Immunol | 2019 |
Coexistence of systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis: prevalence, clinical characteristics, and natural history.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-De | 2014 |
Genetic alterations in quadruple malignancies of a patient with multiple sclerosis: their role in malignancy development and response to therapy.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bone Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast; Carcinoma, Medulla | 2014 |
Clinical Overlap of Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Hepatitis: Three Cases.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Autoantibodies; Autoantigens; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Diagnosis, Diffe | 2016 |
Azathioprine therapy in a case of pediatric multiple sclerosis that was seropositive for MOG-IgG.
Topics: Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Child; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunosuppressive Agents; Magnetic Re | 2017 |
The MSMV hypothesis: measles virus and multiple sclerosis, etiology and treatment.
Topics: Azathioprine; Blood-Brain Barrier; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; HeLa Cell | 2008 |
Basic and escalating immunomodulatory treatments in multiple sclerosis: current therapeutic recommendations.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Europe; Glatiramer Acetate; | 2008 |
Basic and escalating immunomodulatory treatments in multiple sclerosis: current therapeutic recommendations.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Europe; Glatiramer Acetate; | 2008 |
Basic and escalating immunomodulatory treatments in multiple sclerosis: current therapeutic recommendations.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Europe; Glatiramer Acetate; | 2008 |
Basic and escalating immunomodulatory treatments in multiple sclerosis: current therapeutic recommendations.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Europe; Glatiramer Acetate; | 2008 |
Azathioprine for multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Multiple Sclerosis; Randomized Controlled Trials as | 2009 |
An autoregressive linear mixed effects model for the analysis of unequally spaced longitudinal data with dose-modification.
Topics: Azathioprine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunosuppressive | 2012 |
Interferon-β or azathioprine as add-on therapies in patients with active multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Interferon-beta; | 2012 |
Elevated plasma high-mobility group box 1 protein is a potential marker for neuromyelitis optica.
Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Aquaporin 4; Area Under Curve; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Cytokines; Enzyme-Link | 2012 |
Thiopurine methyltransferase activity in a Spanish population sample: decrease of enzymatic activity in multiple sclerosis patients.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Ag | 2002 |
Partial and significant reversal of progressive visual and neurological deficits in multiple sclerosis: a possible therapeutic effect.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glatiramer Acetate; Hum | 2002 |
Shared scheme for assessing drugs for multiple sclerosis: dealing with uncertainties about cost effectiveness of treatments is difficult problem.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Multiple Sclerosis; Risk Shar | 2003 |
Intermediate uveitis in childhood preceding the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a 13-year follow-up.
Topics: Azathioprine; Child; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Multiple Sclerosis | 2003 |
Immune-modifying agents do not impair the survival, migration or proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitors (CG-4) in vitro.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Animals; Azathioprine; Cell Division; Cell Line; Ce | 2003 |
[Bilateral uveitis intermedia. A 15-year clinical course].
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Child; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female | 2003 |
The risk of cancer from azathioprine as a treatment for multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Neoplasms | 2004 |
[Azathioprine-associated myelodysplastic syndrome with cytogenetic aberrations].
Topics: Anemia; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Examination; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosomes, Hum | 2004 |
Clinical practice of immunosuppressive treatments in multiple sclerosis: results of a second international questionnaire.
Topics: Azathioprine; Canada; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclophosphamide; Europe; Humans; Immunosuppressive | 2004 |
Azathioprine myelosuppression in multiple sclerosis: characterizing thiopurine methyltransferase polymorphisms.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Female; Genetic Variation; Homozygote; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; M | 2006 |
Secondary myelodysplastic syndrome following long-term treatment with azathioprine in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Incidence; Male; Middle A | 2006 |
An autoregressive linear mixed effects model for the analysis of longitudinal data which show profiles approaching asymptotes.
Topics: Azathioprine; Calcitriol; Computer Simulation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hyperparathyroidis | 2007 |
Natalizumab (Tysabri) returns.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; C | 2006 |
Rapid progression of Myelodysplastic syndrome to acute myeloid leukemia on sequential azathioprine, IFN-beta and copolymer-1 in a patient with multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Acute Disease; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Fatal Outcome; Female; Glatiramer Acetate; Humans; | 2006 |
Cancer risk and impact of disease-modifying treatments in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Breast Neoplasms; Central Nervous System Neoplasms; Cyclophosphamide; Digestive | 2008 |
Clinical spectrum of multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Age Factors; Azathioprine; Brain Diseas | 1983 |
Azathioprine, a clastogen in human somatic cells? Analysis of chromosome damage and SCE in lymphocytes after exposure in vivo and in vitro.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cells, Cultured; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosomes, Human; Crossing Over, Gen | 1981 |
Locus of selective depression of human natural killer cells by azathioprine.
Topics: Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; Azathioprine; Cell Communication; Cell Separation; Cytotoxicit | 1982 |
Multiple sclerosis: the present position.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Azathioprine; Diseases in Twins; Emigration and Immigration; Environment; E | 1983 |
The influence of disease activity on the number of blood cells of multiple sclerosis patients.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Granulocytes; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Lymphocytes; Male; Middle Aged; | 1984 |
Thymectomy-induced decrease in T gamma cells and OKT8+ cells in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; B-Lymphocytes; Female; Humans; Male; Multiple Sclerosis | 1983 |
[Therapeutic measures in multiple sclerosis].
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Humans; Mul | 1980 |
[The MS patient in general practice].
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Azathioprine; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Parasympatho | 1980 |
Multiple sclerosis, hyperbaric oxygen and cancer.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Multiple Sclerosis; Neoplasms | 1984 |
[Prolonged treatment of multiple sclerosis with average doses of azathioprine. An evaluation of 15 years' experience].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Long-Term Care; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple | 1984 |
Plasmapheresis in multiple sclerosis: preliminary findings.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immune Complex Diseases; Immunoglobu | 1980 |
Azathioprine decreases suppressor T cells in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Multiple Sclerosis; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory | 1982 |
Influence of azathioprine (imuran) on in vitro immune function in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; Concanavalin A; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Imm | 1982 |
[Summary of a round table discussion on the therapy of optic nerve neuritis].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Optic Neuritis | 1983 |
[Study of 213 cases of multiple sclerosis treated with azathioprine from 1967- to 1982].
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Prospective Studies; Recurrence | 1983 |
Life-threatening hypotension associated with azathioprine therapy. A case report.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Diarrhea; Female; Fever; Humans; Hypotension; Multiple Sclerosis | 1984 |
[Long-term immunosuppression in multiple sclerosis: evaluation of treatments begun before 1972].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; | 1984 |
[Haematological changes following long-term treatment of multiple sclerosis and myasthenia with azathioprin (author's transl)].
Topics: Azathioprine; Erythrocyte Count; Erythrocyte Indices; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Lon | 1982 |
Plasmapheresis in multiple sclerosis: prospective trial of pheresis and immunosuppression versus immunosuppression alone.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Male; Mi | 1982 |
[Further experiences with the Imurek treatment in multiple sclerosis].
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Prednisone; Premedication | 1981 |
Intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmalymphocytapheresis and azathioprine in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; Lymphocyte Depletion; | 1994 |
Long-term safety of azathioprine therapy in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma in Situ; Female; Humans; Inci | 1993 |
Risk of cancer from azathioprine therapy in multiple sclerosis: a case-control study.
Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Carcinogens; Case-Control Studies; Comorbidi | 1996 |
[EDMUS--a new European databank for multiple sclerosis. A brief introduction of ongoing and planned multicenter studies within the scope of the "European Concentrated Action for Multiple Sclerosis"].
Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Databases, Factual; Disability Evaluation; Europe; European | 1996 |
New treatments and azathioprine in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Antirheumatic Agents; Azathioprine; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Gla | 1997 |
New treatments and azathioprine in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Interferon-beta; Multiple Sclerosis | 1997 |
Lesion load quantification in serial MR of early relapsing multiple sclerosis patients in azathioprine treatment. A retrospective study.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mul | 1997 |
Combined immunoglobulin and azathioprine in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous | 1998 |
[Blood levels of soluble ICAM-1 in patients with multiple sclerosis].
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Immunosuppressive Agents; Intercellu | 1998 |
Atypical multiple sclerosis presenting as chronic-progressive encephalomyelitis with polyneuritis and recurrent aseptic meningitis.
Topics: Ataxia; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Brain; Encephalomyelitis; Gliosis; Humans; Immuno | 1999 |
Current status of multiple sclerosis therapy in Germany: a national survey.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Azathioprine; Data Collection; Germany; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Im | 1999 |
Multiple sclerosis trials.
Topics: Azathioprine; Bias; Clinical Trials as Topic; Ethics, Medical; Humans; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; | 1999 |
Assessing multiple sclerosis activity: is the in vitro production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukins 2, 6, 4, and 10, and immunoglobulin G of value?
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Asthenia; Azathioprine; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; I | 1999 |
Long-term immunological changes in azathioprine-treated MS patients.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Longitudinal Studies; Lymphocyte Subs | 2000 |
Long term azathioprine fails to prevent onset of multiple sclerosis: report of two cases.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Multiple Scleros | 2000 |
Acute multiple sclerosis characterized by extensive mononuclear phagocyte infiltration.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Brain; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Combina | 2000 |
Azathioprine treatment in multiple sclerosis; pretreatment assessment of metaboliser status.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis | 2001 |
Immunosuppressive treatments in MS--side effects from azathioprine.
Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Hypersensitivity; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Multiple Sclerosis; Nausea; P | 2001 |
[Hypomethylation and multiple sclerosis, the susceptibility factor?].
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agen | 2002 |
Results of an international questionnaire on immunosuppressive treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Canada; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Utilization; Europe; Health Facilities; Humans; Immunos | 2002 |
[Immunosuppressive treatment of multiple sclerosis. 4. Results of treatment with azathioprine and antilymphocyte globulin (author's transl)].
Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Drainage; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Multiple Scle | 1977 |
Prolonged azathioprine treatment of non-remitting multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Time | 1979 |
From etiology and pathogenesis to therapy of multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Cortisone; Dexamethasone; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Immuno | 1978 |
Antimyelin antibody in multiple sclerosis: no change during immunosuppression.
Topics: Antibodies; Azathioprine; Hemagglutinins; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunosuppression Therapy; Multi | 1977 |
[Treatment of multiple sclerosis with levamisole and azathioprine. Comparison of the effectiveness, of an 'immunostimulative' and 'immunosuppressive' treatment (author's transl)].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressi | 1978 |
[Intrahepatic cholestasis, an allergic reaction in azathioprine therapy?].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cholestasis; Drug Hypersensitivity; Humans; Male; Multiple Sclerosis | 1978 |
Further observations on the effect of azathioprine on chronic nonremitting multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis | 1978 |
[Clinical aspects and pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis].
Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Europe; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Japan; Linoleic Acids | 1977 |
[2 current topics from the field of psychiatry and neurology].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Myastheni | 1977 |
[Immunosuppressive treatment of multiple sclerosis].
Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Multiple Sclerosis; Prognosis | 1976 |
The effect of intensive immunosuppression on the in vitro activity of lymphocytes from multiple sclerosis patients.
Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cells, Cultured; Histocompatibility Testing; Humans; Immunosuppr | 1976 |
[Immunosuppressive agents in complex treatment of disseminated sclerosis].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurin | 1976 |
[Preliminary results of imurek treatment of multiple sclerosis].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Male; Multiple Sclerosis | 1976 |
[Chromosomal aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with multiple sclerosis (author's transl)].
Topics: Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosomes, Human, 4-5; Chromoso | 1975 |
Proceedings: Intensive immunosuppression in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immu | 1975 |
Intensive immunosuppression in patients with disseminated sclerosis. III. Lymphocyte response in vitro.
Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Histocompatibility Testing; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; I | 1975 |
Editorial: Immunotherapy for multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Mult | 1975 |
Pilot-study on large-dose alternate-day steroid therapy in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Dexamethasone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administratio | 1975 |
Intensive immunosuppression in patients with disseminated sclerosis. I. Clinical response.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Female; Fo | 1975 |
[Immunosuppressive treatment in multiple sclerosis].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combi | 1992 |
Intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis in multiple sclerosis: effect of corticosteroids and azathioprine.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Azathioprine; Drug Administration Schedule | 1992 |
TGF-beta-like activity produced during regression of exacerbations in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Follow-Up Studies | 1991 |
Correlation between in vitro cytokine production and clinical evolution of multiple sclerosis patients.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cells, Cultured; Cyclophosphamide; Cytokines; Humans; Immunoradiometric Assay; Interfe | 1991 |
Therapeutic options in multiple sclerosis: present and future.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclosporins; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Neurologic Examination | 1991 |
Preferential reductions in lymphocyte sub-populations induced by monthly pulses of chlorambucil: studies in patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Antigens, CD; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug E | 1991 |
Prospects for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Methylprednisolone; Mul | 1991 |
Azathioprine induced liver disease: nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver and perivenous fibrosis in a patient treated for multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Humans; Hyperplasia; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Multiple Sclerosis | 1991 |
A 10-year matched-pairs study comparing azathioprine and no immunosuppression in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Case-Control Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Multiple Scleros | 1990 |
[A case of simultaneous occurrence of myasthenia gravis and multiple sclerosis].
Topics: Adult; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Diagnosis, Differential; Evoked Potentials, Visual; Humans; Imm | 1990 |
Suppression of the immune reaction in multiple sclerosis might be achieved by intravenous injections of myelin basic protein, concomitant with the administration of an immunosuppressant and a corticosteroid.
Topics: Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Encep | 1988 |
[Initial experiences with the Reiber 1979 determination of autochthonous IgG production within the scope of clinical and immunologic follow-up studies in multiple sclerosis treated with immunosuppressive therapy].
Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Disability Evaluation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Follow-Up Studies; | 1989 |
[Immunodepressive agents in neurology].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Dermatomyositis; Huma | 1986 |
[Therapy of multiple sclerosis].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Azathioprine; Baclofen; Combined Modality Ther | 1985 |
Azathioprine and steroids are not more effective in decreasing multiple sclerosis intra-blood-brain-barrier IgG synthesis than steroids alone.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Azathioprine; Blood-Brain Barrier; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; I | 1985 |
Immunological treatment of multiple sclerosis. II.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosporins; Humans; Immunosuppression | 1986 |
[The problem and value of therapy in multiple sclerosis].
Topics: Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male | 1988 |
A comprehensive protocol for clinical trials in multiple sclerosis which favored azathioprine and corticosteroid as a type of treatment for the chronic progressive phase.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Therapy, C | 1988 |
Effectiveness of azathioprine treatment in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis | 1988 |
Azathioprine reduces intrathecal IgG synthesis in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Central Nervous System; Dexamethasone; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Human | 1987 |
[Immunosuppressive treatment in multiple sclerosis].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Disability Evaluation; Drug Evaluation; Hum | 1987 |
Multiple sclerosis unaffected by azathioprine in pilot study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; | 1973 |
Systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis in identical twins.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Diseases in Twins; Female; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Immunoassay | 1967 |
[Immunsuppressive treatment of multiple sclerosis. 2. Critical review of general results (author's transl)].
Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fo | 1974 |
[Immunosuppressive treatment of multiple sclerosis. 3. Results of treatment with azathioprine and antilymphocytic globulin (author's transl)].
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Drainage; Female; Humans; | 1974 |
Effects of azathioprine therapy on bone marrow-dependent and thymus-dependent cells in man.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; B-Lymphocytes; Binding Sites, | 1973 |
[Plant agglutinin- and PPD tuberculin-stimulated lymphocyte transformation in vitro in patients with disseminated sclerosis].
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Le | 1971 |
The treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Diet Therapy; | 1972 |
[50th contribution of the Central Expert Committee for Drug Trade, Section Human Medicine].
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Humans; Multiple | 1973 |
Multiple sclerosis: reticulum cell sarcoma of the nervous system in a patient treated with immunosuppressive drugs.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Autopsy; Azathioprine; Biopsy, Needle; Brain Neoplasms; Cortison | 1974 |
Immunosuppressive effects of specific classes of agents with special reference to organ transplantation. Immunosuppression by thiopurines.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; Com | 1973 |
Azathioprine.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Asthma; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Glomeruloneph | 1973 |
[Are there any changes in CSF IgG levels in multiple sclerosis treated for long periods with an immunosuppressive agent (azathioprine)?].
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Long-Term Care; Multiple Sclerosis; Remission, Spontaneous; | 1973 |
Long-term treatment of multiple sclerosis with azathioprine.
Topics: Azathioprine; Blood Cell Count; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Brain Stem; Cerebellum; Evaluation Studies as T | 1973 |
[Immunosuppressive therapy of multiple sclerosis using cyclophosphamide and imuran. Report on 57 cases].
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; M | 1972 |
Reactivities to horse anti-lymphocyte globulin. I. Induction of immunologic tolerance in man.
Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Fever; Hemagglutination Tests; Hors | 1970 |
Reactivities to horse anti-lymphocyte globulin. II. Serum sickness nephritis with complement alterations in man.
Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Complement System Proteins; Fever; Glomerulonephritis; Hemagglut | 1970 |
[Serologic studies of patients under treatment with xenogenous antilymphocyte globulin].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Agglutination Tests; Animals; Antibodies; Antibody Formation; Antilymphocyt | 1970 |
Effect of 'maximum immune suppression' with thoracic duct drainage, ALG, azathioprine and cortisone in some neurological disorders.
Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Central Nervous System Diseases; Cortisone; | 1972 |
In vitro lymphocyte responsiveness of human subjects receiving azathioprine.
Topics: Antigens; Azathioprine; Blood Cell Count; Candida; Culture Techniques; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Del | 1971 |
[Attempt for an induction of immune tolerance against horse IgG in men].
Topics: Adult; Antibodies; Antibody Formation; Antigens; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Female; Hemaggl | 1970 |
A preliminary evaluation of azathioprine (Imuran) in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Male; Multiple Sclerosis | 1969 |