azathioprine has been researched along with Innate Inflammatory Response in 105 studies
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " Methotrexate is probably slightly more efficacious than mycophenolate in achieving control of inflammation, including steroid-sparing control (moderate-certainty evidence), although there was insufficient evidence to prefer one medication over the other in the VKH subgroup (very low-certainty evidence)." | 5.22 | Non-biologic, steroid-sparing therapies for non-infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults. ( Edwards Mayhew, RG; Leslie, L; Li, T; McCann, P; Palestine, AG; Strong Caldwell, A, 2022) |
| "Our work supports the strong evidence that individuals with TPMT variant homozygosity are at high risk of severe neutropenia, whereas TPMT heterozygotes are not at increased risk of ADRs at standard doses of azathioprine." | 5.15 | A pragmatic randomized controlled trial of thiopurine methyltransferase genotyping prior to azathioprine treatment: the TARGET study. ( Alder, JE; Andrews, J; Bruce, I; Elles, R; Elliott, RA; Fargher, E; Griffiths, CE; Heise, M; Houston, JB; Newman, WG; Ollier, WE; Payne, D; Payne, K; Pushpakom, S; Qasim, F; Ramsden, SC; Ray, DW; Roberts, SA; Shaffer, J; Sidgwick, GP; Tricker, K, 2011) |
| "In this paper, we describe a case of an acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in a 35-year-old male patient with Crohn's disease being in remission while receiving azathioprine therapy." | 3.88 | Severe complication during remission of Crohn's disease: hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis due to acute cytomegalovirus infection. ( Aichinger, W; Kirchgatterer, A; Miechowiecki, J; Prammer, W; Stainer, W; Tuppy, H; Wallner, G, 2018) |
| " Combined immunosuppressive therapy with prednisone and cyclophosphamide might be needed to treat recurrent thrombosis due to Behçet disease." | 3.80 | Recurrent right atrial thrombosis due to Behçet disease. ( Fukuda, K; Kuno, T; Kuwana, M; Murata, M; Ono, T; Satoh, T; Tamura, Y, 2014) |
| "Azathioprine was moderately effective as a single corticosteroid-sparing immunosuppressive agent in terms of control of inflammation and corticosteroid-sparing benefits, but required several months to achieve treatment goals; it seems especially useful for patients with intermediate uveitis." | 3.75 | Azathioprine for ocular inflammatory diseases. ( Foster, CS; Jabs, DA; Kempen, JH; Levy-Clarke, GA; Liesegang, TL; Newcomb, CW; Nussenblatt, RB; Pasadhika, S; Pujari, SS; Rosenbaum, JT; Suhler, EB; Thorne, JE, 2009) |
| "Extrapolation from transplant, rheumatology, skin disease, and inflammatory bowel disease cohorts to the ocular inflammation setting suggest that: 1) alkylating agents increase hematologic malignancy risk and cyclophosphamide increases bladder cancer risk, but less so with < or =18 months' duration of therapy and hydration, respectively; 2) calcineurin inhibitors and azathioprine probably do not increase total cancer risk to a detectable degree, except perhaps some other risk factors (uncommon in ocular inflammation patients) might interact with the former to raise risk; 3) tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors may accelerate diagnosis of cancer in the first six to 12 months, but probably do not increase long-term cancer risk; and 4) changes in risk with methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, and daclizumab appear negligible, although nontransplant data are limited for the latter agents." | 3.74 | Long-term risk of malignancy among patients treated with immunosuppressive agents for ocular inflammation: a critical assessment of the evidence. ( Daniel, E; Foster, CS; Gangaputra, S; Helzlsouer, KJ; Jabs, DA; Kempen, JH; Levy-Clarke, GA; Nussenblatt, RB; Rosenbaum, JT; Suhler, EB; Thorne, JE, 2008) |
| "These data suggest that the time to control of ocular inflammation is faster with mycophenolate than with methotrexate." | 3.74 | Comparison of antimetabolite drugs as corticosteroid-sparing therapy for noninfectious ocular inflammation. ( Dunn, JP; Galor, A; Jabs, DA; Kedhar, SR; Leder, HA; Peters, GB; Thorne, JE, 2008) |
| "In the absence of calcium channel blockers, this study showed that pharmacologic variables, such as cyclosporin serum concentration, prednisolone and azathioprine dosages, and time since transplant, are strongly related to gingival overgrowth." | 3.74 | Demographic, pharmacologic, and periodontal variables for gingival overgrowth in subjects medicated with cyclosporin in the absence of calcium channel blockers. ( Costa, JE; Cota, LO; Ferreira, SD; Lages, EJ; Oliveira Costa, F; Oliveira, AM, 2007) |
| "Graves orbitopathy is both disabling and disfiguring." | 3.30 | Factors Predicting Long-term Outcome and the Need for Surgery in Graves Orbitopathy: Extended Follow-up From the CIRTED Trial. ( Cook, A; Dayan, CM; French, R; Gattamaneni, R; Hanna, S; Hills, R; Jackson, S; Lee, RWJ; Li, C; Pell, J; Plowman, N; Rajendram, R; Taylor, P; Uddin, JM; Wilson, V, 2023) |
| "Immunosuppression in aqueous-deficient dry eye disease (ADDE) is required not only to improve the symptoms and signs but also to prevent further progression of the disease and its sight-threatening sequelae." | 3.01 | Role of topical and systemic immunosuppression in aqueous-deficient dry eye disease. ( Amescua, G; Basu, S; Donthineni, PR; Kate, A; Quinones, VLP; Shanbhag, SS, 2023) |
| "UC related colorectal cancer develop in an unpredictable manner with respect to disease duration and site questioning the validity of strict screening protocol." | 2.53 | Inflammatory bowel disease in India - Past, present and future. ( Ray, G, 2016) |
| " New diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms are needed to directly determine the functional importance of the influence of host genetic factors on choice and dosage scheduling of therapy." | 2.42 | Pharmacogenetics of inflammatory bowel disease. ( Farrell, R; Kelleher, D; McManus, R, 2004) |
| " However, treatment is limited by adverse events-in particular, myelotoxicity." | 1.72 | TPMT and NUDT15 Variants Predict Discontinuation of Azathioprine for Myelotoxicity in Patients with Inflammatory Disease: Real-World Clinical Results. ( Anandi, P; Birdwell, KA; Chung, CP; Cox, NJ; Dale Plummer, W; Daniel, LL; Dickson, AL; Dupont, WD; Feng, Q; Hung, AM; Kawai, V; Liu, G; Reese, T; Stein, CM; Wei, WQ; Zanussi, J, 2022) |
| "For patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis, the first line for induction therapy options includes biologic agents (with or without an immunomodulator) or glucocorticoids." | 1.72 | Use of Novel Biological Agent in Severe Ulcerative Colitis with Poor Response to Initial Therapy: A Case Report. ( Basnet, BK; Bhandari, A, 2022) |
| "IR-CAP could well be 'axonal CIDP' in view of clinical similarity, but not proven as yet." | 1.56 | Chronic inflammatory axonal polyneuropathy. ( Alsharabati, M; King, P; Lu, L; Morgan, MB; Oh, SJ, 2020) |
| "Azathioprine was the treatment prescribed in the four patients with NMOSD." | 1.51 | Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system in Niger. ( Adehossi Omar, É; Assadeck, H; Douma Maiga, D; Hassane Djibo, F; Mamadou, Z; Toudou Daouda, M, 2019) |
| "Oral steroids are recommended for the treatment of nasal polyps (NPs), but prolonged use is avoided because of side effects." | 1.51 | Effects of azathioprine and its metabolites on inflammatory cytokines in human nasal polyp organ cultures. ( Eom, DW; Lee, JH; Oh, MY; Park, WJ; Yeo, NK, 2019) |
| "28 patients treated for Ormond's disease were included." | 1.43 | Combination of Steroids and Azathioprine in the Treatment of Ormond's Disease--A Single Centre Retrospective Analysis. ( Kolombo, I; Průcha, M; Štádler, P, 2016) |
| "Giant cell hepatitis with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (GCH-AHA) is presumed to be an autoimmune disease, but the mechanism of liver injury is unknown." | 1.40 | Humoral immune mechanism of liver injury in giant cell hepatitis with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. ( Alvarez, F; Bass, LM; Melin-Aldana, H; Romero, R; Roy, CC; Vos, MB; Whitington, PF, 2014) |
| "Ocular motility was reduced." | 1.39 | Cogan's syndrome associated with orbital inflammation. ( Knapp, C; Mukherjee, R; Shahid, FL, 2013) |
| "Crohn's disease is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, affecting both children and adults." | 1.39 | Extracorporeal photopheresis for the treatment of severe, refractory steroid dependent pediatric Crohn's Disease. ( Bertolone, S; Cheerva, A; Dillard, R, 2013) |
| "Forty-nine patients affected by systemic sclerosis (44 women and five men, mean age 52." | 1.35 | Cyclophosphamide treatment improves microvessel damage in systemic sclerosis. ( Bambara, LM; Biasi, D; Caramaschi, P; Mahamid, H; Pieropan, S; Tinazzi, I; Volpe, A, 2009) |
| "Polyarteritis nodosa is a necrotizing vasculitis affecting medium and small-sized arteries throughout the body, including ocular tissues." | 1.29 | Ocular presentation of polyarteritis nodosa. Clinical course and management with steroid and cytotoxic therapy. ( Akova, YA; Foster, CS; Jabbur, NS, 1993) |
| " The kinetics of the monocyte also changes under the low dosage of azathioprine." | 1.25 | The effect of azathioprine (Imuran) on the cell cycle of promonocytes and the production of monocytes in the bone marrow. ( Diesselhoff-Den Dulk, MM; Gassmann, AE; van Furth, R, 1975) |
| " Two dosage levels were used: a high dose of 200mg/kg which is the maximum tolerated daily dose in mice, and low dose of 3 mg/kg which is about equivalent to a nontoxic, immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory dose in man." | 1.25 | The effect of azathioprine (Imuran) on the kinetics of monocytes and macrophages during the normal steady state and an acute inflammatory reaction. ( Gassmann, AE; van Furth, R, 1975) |
| "A case of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with vasculitis is presented." | 1.25 | Digital artery thrombosis and vasculitis in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. ( Carson, RA, 1973) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 38 (36.19) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 7 (6.67) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 21 (20.00) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 30 (28.57) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 9 (8.57) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Saunders, MJ | 1 |
| Edwards, BS | 1 |
| Zhu, J | 1 |
| Sklar, LA | 1 |
| Graves, SW | 1 |
| Dickson, AL | 1 |
| Daniel, LL | 1 |
| Zanussi, J | 1 |
| Dale Plummer, W | 1 |
| Wei, WQ | 1 |
| Liu, G | 1 |
| Reese, T | 1 |
| Anandi, P | 1 |
| Birdwell, KA | 1 |
| Kawai, V | 1 |
| Cox, NJ | 1 |
| Dupont, WD | 1 |
| Hung, AM | 1 |
| Feng, Q | 1 |
| Stein, CM | 1 |
| Chung, CP | 1 |
| Edwards Mayhew, RG | 1 |
| Li, T | 1 |
| McCann, P | 1 |
| Leslie, L | 1 |
| Strong Caldwell, A | 1 |
| Palestine, AG | 1 |
| Bhandari, A | 1 |
| Basnet, BK | 1 |
| Taylor, P | 1 |
| Rajendram, R | 1 |
| Hanna, S | 1 |
| Wilson, V | 1 |
| Pell, J | 1 |
| Li, C | 1 |
| Cook, A | 1 |
| Gattamaneni, R | 1 |
| Plowman, N | 1 |
| Jackson, S | 1 |
| Hills, R | 1 |
| French, R | 1 |
| Uddin, JM | 1 |
| Lee, RWJ | 1 |
| Dayan, CM | 1 |
| Kate, A | 1 |
| Shanbhag, SS | 1 |
| Donthineni, PR | 1 |
| Amescua, G | 1 |
| Quinones, VLP | 1 |
| Basu, S | 1 |
| López Riquelme, I | 1 |
| Fernández Ballesteros, MD | 1 |
| Perea Polak, A | 1 |
| Serrano Ordoñez, A | 1 |
| Martínez Pilar, L | 1 |
| Kutluturk, I | 1 |
| Agarwal, A | 1 |
| Shulman, S | 1 |
| Vitale, A | 1 |
| Parodi, MB | 1 |
| Conrady, CD | 1 |
| Hurtikova, K | 1 |
| Cunha Souza, E | 1 |
| Rodriguez, EC | 1 |
| Chhablani, J | 1 |
| Tappeiner, C | 1 |
| Gerding, H | 1 |
| Zinkernagel, MS | 1 |
| Tucker, W | 1 |
| Munk, MR | 1 |
| Oh, SJ | 1 |
| Lu, L | 1 |
| Alsharabati, M | 1 |
| Morgan, MB | 1 |
| King, P | 1 |
| Lin, G | 1 |
| Li, M | 1 |
| Xu, N | 1 |
| Wu, X | 1 |
| Liu, J | 1 |
| Wu, Y | 1 |
| Zhang, Q | 1 |
| Cai, J | 1 |
| Gao, C | 1 |
| Su, Z | 1 |
| Bellon, H | 1 |
| Vandermeulen, E | 1 |
| Verleden, SE | 1 |
| Heigl, T | 1 |
| Vriens, H | 1 |
| Lammertyn, E | 1 |
| Verlinden, L | 1 |
| Vanhove, T | 1 |
| Verstuyf, M | 1 |
| Hoet, P | 1 |
| Vos, R | 1 |
| Verleden, GM | 1 |
| Vanaudenaerde, BM | 1 |
| Citterio-Quentin, A | 1 |
| Moulsma, M | 1 |
| Gustin, MP | 1 |
| Lachaux, A | 1 |
| Boulieu, R | 1 |
| Primas, C | 1 |
| Reinisch, S | 1 |
| Novacek, G | 1 |
| Miechowiecki, J | 1 |
| Stainer, W | 1 |
| Wallner, G | 1 |
| Tuppy, H | 1 |
| Aichinger, W | 1 |
| Prammer, W | 1 |
| Kirchgatterer, A | 1 |
| Zhou, Z | 1 |
| Jing, Y | 1 |
| Ran, Y | 1 |
| Zhao, J | 1 |
| Zhou, L | 2 |
| Wang, BM | 1 |
| Assadeck, H | 1 |
| Toudou Daouda, M | 1 |
| Adehossi Omar, É | 1 |
| Mamadou, Z | 1 |
| Hassane Djibo, F | 1 |
| Douma Maiga, D | 1 |
| Ginestal, R | 1 |
| Pérez-Köhler, B | 1 |
| Pérez-López, P | 1 |
| Rodríguez, M | 1 |
| Pascual, G | 1 |
| Cebrián, D | 1 |
| Bellón, JM | 1 |
| García-Moreno, F | 1 |
| Ziade, F | 1 |
| Rungoe, C | 1 |
| Kallemose, T | 1 |
| Paerregaard, A | 1 |
| Wewer, AV | 1 |
| Jakobsen, C | 1 |
| Yeo, NK | 1 |
| Park, WJ | 1 |
| Eom, DW | 1 |
| Oh, MY | 1 |
| Lee, JH | 1 |
| Khare, V | 1 |
| Krnjic, A | 1 |
| Frick, A | 1 |
| Gmainer, C | 1 |
| Asboth, M | 1 |
| Jimenez, K | 1 |
| Lang, M | 1 |
| Baumgartner, M | 1 |
| Evstatiev, R | 1 |
| Gasche, C | 1 |
| Lima, BR | 1 |
| Nussenblatt, RB | 3 |
| Sen, HN | 1 |
| Shahid, FL | 1 |
| Mukherjee, R | 1 |
| Knapp, C | 1 |
| Cheerva, A | 1 |
| Dillard, R | 1 |
| Bertolone, S | 1 |
| Whitington, PF | 1 |
| Vos, MB | 1 |
| Bass, LM | 1 |
| Melin-Aldana, H | 1 |
| Romero, R | 1 |
| Roy, CC | 1 |
| Alvarez, F | 1 |
| Matsuo, K | 1 |
| Sasaki, E | 1 |
| Higuchi, S | 1 |
| Takai, S | 1 |
| Tsuneyama, K | 1 |
| Fukami, T | 1 |
| Nakajima, M | 1 |
| Yokoi, T | 1 |
| Yarur, AJ | 1 |
| Abreu, MT | 1 |
| Deshpande, AR | 1 |
| Kerman, DH | 1 |
| Sussman, DA | 1 |
| Kuno, T | 1 |
| Tamura, Y | 1 |
| Ono, T | 1 |
| Murata, M | 1 |
| Kuwana, M | 1 |
| Satoh, T | 1 |
| Fukuda, K | 1 |
| Zhang, S | 1 |
| Ye, H | 1 |
| Zhang, Z | 1 |
| Lu, B | 1 |
| Yang, Y | 1 |
| He, M | 1 |
| Wu, H | 1 |
| Wang, Y | 1 |
| Pan, L | 1 |
| Li, Y | 1 |
| Hu, R | 1 |
| Dhaliwal, HK | 1 |
| Hoeroldt, BS | 1 |
| Dube, AK | 1 |
| McFarlane, E | 1 |
| Underwood, JC | 1 |
| Karajeh, MA | 1 |
| Gleeson, D | 1 |
| dos Santos, LC | 1 |
| Costa, AV | 1 |
| Lopes, LG | 1 |
| Leonel, AJ | 1 |
| Aguilar, EC | 1 |
| Noviello, Mde L | 1 |
| Ferrari, Mde L | 1 |
| Alvarez-Leite, JI | 1 |
| Greco, A | 1 |
| Marinelli, C | 1 |
| Fusconi, M | 1 |
| Macri, GF | 1 |
| Gallo, A | 1 |
| De Virgilio, A | 1 |
| Zambetti, G | 1 |
| de Vincentiis, M | 1 |
| Průcha, M | 1 |
| Kolombo, I | 1 |
| Štádler, P | 1 |
| Ray, G | 1 |
| Kempen, JH | 2 |
| Gangaputra, S | 1 |
| Daniel, E | 1 |
| Levy-Clarke, GA | 2 |
| Rosenbaum, JT | 2 |
| Suhler, EB | 2 |
| Thorne, JE | 3 |
| Foster, CS | 3 |
| Jabs, DA | 3 |
| Helzlsouer, KJ | 1 |
| Galor, A | 1 |
| Leder, HA | 1 |
| Kedhar, SR | 1 |
| Dunn, JP | 1 |
| Peters, GB | 1 |
| Caramaschi, P | 1 |
| Volpe, A | 1 |
| Pieropan, S | 1 |
| Tinazzi, I | 1 |
| Mahamid, H | 1 |
| Bambara, LM | 1 |
| Biasi, D | 1 |
| Pasadhika, S | 1 |
| Newcomb, CW | 1 |
| Liesegang, TL | 1 |
| Pujari, SS | 1 |
| Speich, R | 1 |
| Schneider, S | 1 |
| Hofer, M | 1 |
| Irani, S | 1 |
| Vogt, P | 1 |
| Weder, W | 1 |
| Boehler, A | 1 |
| Lu, Z | 1 |
| Yang, G | 1 |
| Ba, J | 1 |
| Dou, J | 1 |
| Mu, Y | 1 |
| Lu, J | 1 |
| Gabilondo, I | 1 |
| Saiz, A | 1 |
| Graus, F | 1 |
| Villoslada, P | 1 |
| Newman, WG | 1 |
| Payne, K | 1 |
| Tricker, K | 1 |
| Roberts, SA | 1 |
| Fargher, E | 1 |
| Pushpakom, S | 1 |
| Alder, JE | 1 |
| Sidgwick, GP | 1 |
| Payne, D | 1 |
| Elliott, RA | 1 |
| Heise, M | 1 |
| Elles, R | 1 |
| Ramsden, SC | 1 |
| Andrews, J | 1 |
| Houston, JB | 1 |
| Qasim, F | 1 |
| Shaffer, J | 1 |
| Griffiths, CE | 1 |
| Ray, DW | 1 |
| Bruce, I | 1 |
| Ollier, WE | 1 |
| Bosco, JJ | 1 |
| Suan, D | 1 |
| Varikatt, W | 1 |
| Lin, MW | 1 |
| Sharir, M | 1 |
| Isakov, I | 1 |
| De León, EJ | 1 |
| Olmedo, DA | 1 |
| Solís, PN | 1 |
| Gupta, MP | 1 |
| Terencio, MC | 1 |
| Marshall, E | 1 |
| Lecube, A | 1 |
| Francisco, G | 1 |
| Rodríguez, D | 1 |
| Ortega, A | 1 |
| Codina, A | 1 |
| Hernández, C | 1 |
| Simó, R | 1 |
| Pethig, K | 1 |
| Heublein, B | 1 |
| Wahlers, T | 1 |
| Dannenberg, O | 1 |
| Oppelt, P | 1 |
| Haverich, A | 1 |
| Barnes, BH | 1 |
| Borowitz, SM | 1 |
| Saulsbury, FT | 1 |
| Hellems, M | 1 |
| Sutphen, JL | 1 |
| Thomas, CW | 1 |
| Myhre, GM | 1 |
| Tschumper, R | 1 |
| Sreekumar, R | 1 |
| Jelinek, D | 1 |
| McKean, DJ | 1 |
| Lipsky, JJ | 1 |
| Sandborn, WJ | 1 |
| Egan, LJ | 1 |
| Jeffery, DR | 1 |
| Kelleher, D | 1 |
| Farrell, R | 1 |
| McManus, R | 1 |
| El Mezni, F | 1 |
| Saiji, E | 1 |
| Ayadi-Kaddour, A | 1 |
| Ismail, O | 1 |
| Braham, E | 1 |
| Ben Turkia, H | 1 |
| Hamzaoui, A | 1 |
| Golding, RM | 1 |
| Giles, LG | 1 |
| Schedel, J | 1 |
| Gödde, A | 1 |
| Schütz, E | 1 |
| Bongartz, TA | 1 |
| Lang, B | 1 |
| Schölmerich, J | 1 |
| Müller-Ladner, U | 1 |
| Cavaletti, G | 1 |
| Tweezer-Zaks, N | 1 |
| Ben-Horin, S | 1 |
| Schiby, G | 1 |
| Bank, I | 1 |
| Levi, Y | 1 |
| Livneh, A | 1 |
| Langevitz, P | 1 |
| Oliveira Costa, F | 1 |
| Ferreira, SD | 1 |
| Lages, EJ | 1 |
| Costa, JE | 1 |
| Oliveira, AM | 1 |
| Cota, LO | 1 |
| Gisbert, JP | 1 |
| Luna, M | 1 |
| González-Lama, Y | 1 |
| Pousa, ID | 1 |
| Velasco, M | 1 |
| Moreno-Otero, R | 1 |
| Maté, J | 1 |
| Stutzman, WJ | 1 |
| Marmor, L | 1 |
| Miner, R | 1 |
| Foster, J | 1 |
| Wechter, WJ | 1 |
| Loughman, BE | 1 |
| van Furth, R | 6 |
| Häyry, P | 3 |
| Ahonen, J | 4 |
| von Willebrand, E | 3 |
| Eklund, B | 3 |
| Höckekstedt, K | 1 |
| Kauste, A | 1 |
| Taskinen, E | 2 |
| Lautenschlager, I | 2 |
| Lalla, M | 1 |
| Sarelin, H | 1 |
| Krowka, MJ | 1 |
| Breuer, RI | 1 |
| Kehoe, TJ | 1 |
| Mason, JW | 1 |
| Billingham, ME | 1 |
| Ricci, DR | 1 |
| Tytgat, GN | 1 |
| Roozendaal, K | 1 |
| Winter, W | 1 |
| Esseveld, MR | 1 |
| Kirkin, BV | 1 |
| Mikhaĭlova, TL | 1 |
| Maiat, KE | 1 |
| Soin, AS | 1 |
| Rasmussen, A | 1 |
| Jamieson, NV | 1 |
| Watson, CJ | 1 |
| Friend, PJ | 1 |
| Wight, DG | 1 |
| Calne, RY | 1 |
| Akova, YA | 1 |
| Jabbur, NS | 1 |
| Górski, A | 1 |
| Mrowiec, T | 1 |
| Paczek, L | 1 |
| Stepień-Sopniewska, B | 1 |
| Martínez-Rueda, JO | 1 |
| Arce-Salinas, CA | 1 |
| Kraus, A | 1 |
| Alcocer-Varela, J | 1 |
| Alarcón-Segovia, D | 1 |
| Soots, A | 1 |
| Krogerus, L | 1 |
| Saarinen, O | 1 |
| Salminen, US | 1 |
| Uusitalo, M | 1 |
| Ikonen, T | 1 |
| Morris, RE | 1 |
| Harjula, AL | 1 |
| Weiner, GM | 1 |
| Jenicke, L | 1 |
| Buchert, R | 1 |
| Bohuslavizki, KH | 1 |
| Winkelstein, A | 1 |
| Faust, G | 1 |
| Zöller, B | 1 |
| Brinkrolf, H | 1 |
| Clarke, AK | 1 |
| Vernon-Roberts, B | 1 |
| Currey, HL | 2 |
| Thompson, J | 1 |
| Gassmann, AE | 3 |
| Diesselhoff-Den Dulk, MM | 1 |
| Katz, SM | 1 |
| Greenstein, SM | 1 |
| Simonian, S | 1 |
| Miller, A | 1 |
| Hakki, A | 1 |
| Sowinski, J | 1 |
| Biesecker, G | 1 |
| Mellert, J | 1 |
| Hopt, UT | 1 |
| Erath, F | 1 |
| Hölzer, H | 1 |
| Guettier, C | 1 |
| Nochy, D | 1 |
| Hinglais, N | 1 |
| Pelletier, L | 1 |
| Mandet, C | 1 |
| Bedrossian, J | 1 |
| Duboust, A | 1 |
| Moulonguet Doleris, L | 1 |
| Camilleri, JP | 1 |
| Bariety, J | 1 |
| Salmela, K | 2 |
| Höckerstedt, K | 2 |
| Pettersson, E | 2 |
| Koskimies, S | 2 |
| Calthorpe, CM | 1 |
| Watson, PG | 1 |
| McCartney, AC | 1 |
| Miller, B | 1 |
| Martini, GA | 1 |
| Levy, L | 1 |
| Wagner, H | 1 |
| Junge-Hülsing, G | 2 |
| Müller, US | 2 |
| Hrubesch, M | 1 |
| Büchner, T | 1 |
| Wirth, W | 2 |
| Hauss, WH | 2 |
| Thöne, F | 1 |
| Claman, HN | 1 |
| Karr, RM | 1 |
| Kohler, PF | 1 |
| Mass, MF | 1 |
| McIntosh, RM | 1 |
| Sams, WM | 1 |
| Small, P | 1 |
| Stanford, RE | 1 |
| Thorne, EG | 1 |
| Jayson, MI | 1 |
| Jones, DE | 1 |
| Beck, FJ | 1 |
| Whitehouse, MW | 1 |
| Dukes, M | 1 |
| Chan, WC | 1 |
| Willoughby, DA | 1 |
| Carson, RA | 1 |
| Harket, R | 1 |
| Fausa, O | 1 |
| Nygaard, K | 1 |
| MacSween, RN | 1 |
| Gondos, B | 1 |
| White, P | 1 |
| Benfield, JR | 1 |
| Arrigoni-Martelli, E | 1 |
| Schiatti, P | 1 |
| Selva, D | 1 |
| Fricke, R | 1 |
| Rohne, HP | 1 |
| Schmidt, JG | 1 |
| Lischka, G | 1 |
| Booth, RA | 1 |
| Ansari, MT | 1 |
| Loit, E | 1 |
| Tricco, AC | 1 |
| Weeks, L | 1 |
| Doucette, S | 1 |
| Skidmore, B | 1 |
| Sears, M | 1 |
| Sy, R | 1 |
| Karsh, J | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-line Antimetabolites as Steroid-sparing Treatment (FAST) Uveitis Trial[NCT01829295] | Phase 3 | 216 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-08-31 | Completed | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
Controlled ocular inflammation (≤ 0.5+ anterior chamber cells, ≤ 0.5+ vitreous haze, no active retinal/choroidal lesions in both eyes) with 7.5 mg/day of oral prednisone and ≤ 2 drops/day of topical 1% prednisolone acetate for patients who crossed over to other medication following treatment failure at 6 months (or earlier). (NCT01829295)
Timeframe: 6 Months
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Switched Over to Methotrexate | 20 |
| Switched Over to Mycophenolate Mofetil | 7 |
Controlled ocular inflammation (≤ 0.5+ anterior chamber cells, ≤ 0.5+ vitreous haze, no active retinal/choroidal lesions in both eyes) with 7.5 mg/day of oral prednisone and ≤ 2 drops/day of topical 1% prednisolone acetate in patients who were a treatment success at the primary outcome of 6 months. (NCT01829295)
Timeframe: 12 Months
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Methotrexate | 48 |
| Mycophenolate Mofetil | 40 |
Controlled ocular inflammation (≤ 0.5+ anterior chamber cells, ≤ 0.5+ vitreous haze, no active retinal/choroidal lesions in both eyes) with 7.5 mg/day of oral prednisone and ≤ 2 drops/day of topical 1% prednisolone acetate. (NCT01829295)
Timeframe: 6 Months
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Methotrexate | 64 |
| Mycophenolate Mofetil | 56 |
16 reviews available for azathioprine and Innate Inflammatory Response
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Non-biologic, steroid-sparing therapies for non-infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults.
Topics: Adult; Antirheumatic Agents; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammat | 2022 |
Role of topical and systemic immunosuppression in aqueous-deficient dry eye disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Dry Eye Syndromes; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflam | 2023 |
Pharmacogenetics of drugs used in the treatment of ocular inflammatory diseases.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Alkylating Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; | 2013 |
Therapeutic drug monitoring in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adalimumab; Antibodies; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Dru | 2014 |
Clinic manifestations in granulomatosis with polyangiitis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Glucocorticoids; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis; Humans; Incidence | 2016 |
Inflammatory bowel disease in India - Past, present and future.
Topics: Aminosalicylic Acid; Antitubercular Agents; Asia, Southeastern; Azathioprine; Biological Products; B | 2016 |
Behçet's disease--current status.
Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Azathioprine; Behcet Syndrome; C-Reactive Protein; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2002 |
Use of combination therapy with immunomodulators and immunosuppressants in treating multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Antagonism; Drug Resistance; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunologic Facto | 2004 |
Pharmacogenetics of inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; Azathioprine; Gastr | 2004 |
Current status and future prospective of immunointervention in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Cyclophosphamide; Humans; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; I | 2006 |
Immunology in drug research.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosporins; | 1984 |
The effects of azathioprine and 6 MP on immunity.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Humans; Immunity; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammation; Lymphocytes; Mercap | 1979 |
[Immunovasculitis-- differential diagnosis and therapy of inflammatory systemic diseases].
Topics: Adult; Angiography; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Diagnosis, Differentia | 1976 |
Macrophage activity and clinical immunology. Origin and kinetics of mononuclear phagocytes.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Glucocorticoids; Granuloma; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Inflammation; Kinetics; M | 1976 |
[What is secured in the therapy of chronic inflammatory colonic diseases?].
Topics: Administration, Topical; Amebiasis; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Colitis; Colitis, Ulcerative; Col | 1974 |
Assessment of thiopurine S-methyltransferase activity in patients prescribed thiopurines: a systematic review.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Genetic Testing; Genotype; Humans; Inflammation; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases | 2011 |
8 trials available for azathioprine and Innate Inflammatory Response
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Factors Predicting Long-term Outcome and the Need for Surgery in Graves Orbitopathy: Extended Follow-up From the CIRTED Trial.
Topics: Azathioprine; Follow-Up Studies; Graves Ophthalmopathy; Humans; Inflammation; Quality of Life; Treat | 2023 |
A pragmatic randomized controlled trial of thiopurine methyltransferase genotyping prior to azathioprine treatment: the TARGET study.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse | 2011 |
Mycophenolate mofetil for secondary prevention of cardiac allograft vasculopathy: influence on inflammation and progression of intimal hyperplasia.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; C-Reactive Protein; Cyclosporine; Female; Hea | 2004 |
Impact of thiopurine methyltransferase activity and 6-thioguanine nucleotide concentrations in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Cohort Studies; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Inf | 2006 |
Effect of cyclosporin A on the situ inflammatory response of human renal allograft rejection. A preliminary report.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Creatinine; Cyclosporins; Eosinophilia; Follow-Up S | 1982 |
[Diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory infiltrates of the abdominal cavity in Crohn disease].
Topics: Abdomen; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Combined Modality Therapy; Crohn Disease; Drug Ther | 1994 |
Effects of azathioprine, cyclosporine, and steroids on the graft and on cytologic patterns of rejection.
Topics: Azathioprine; Biopsy, Needle; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclosporins; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gra | 1987 |
Effects of cyclosporine, azathioprine, and steroids on the renal transplant, on the cytologic patterns of intragraft inflammation, and on concomitant rejection-associated changes in recipient blood.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclosporins; Graft Rejection; Humans; Inflammation; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Tr | 1988 |
81 other studies available for azathioprine and Innate Inflammatory Response
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
Topics: Animals; Biotinylation; Flow Cytometry; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; Green Fluorescent Pr | 2010 |
TPMT and NUDT15 Variants Predict Discontinuation of Azathioprine for Myelotoxicity in Patients with Inflammatory Disease: Real-World Clinical Results.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow Diseases; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; | 2022 |
Use of Novel Biological Agent in Severe Ulcerative Colitis with Poor Response to Initial Therapy: A Case Report.
Topics: Adalimumab; Azathioprine; Biological Factors; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Inflammation; Mesalamine | 2022 |
Azathioprine in hidradenitis suppurativa with inflammatory phenotype: a case series of 11 patients.
Topics: Azathioprine; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Humans; Inflammation; Quality of Life; Retrospective Studies | 2023 |
The Clinical Characteristics of Unilateral Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Choroid; Choroiditis; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up | 2021 |
Chronic inflammatory axonal polyneuropathy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System; Axons; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Chi | 2020 |
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of
Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Chromatography, Liquid; Colitis; Colitis | 2020 |
The Effect of Immunosuppression on Airway Integrity.
Topics: Azathioprine; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Cyclosporine; Dexamethasone; Endothelial Cells; Epithelial C | 2017 |
ITPA Activity in Children Treated by Azathioprine: Relationship to the Occurrence of Adverse Drug Reactions and Inflammatory Response.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Age | 2018 |
Letter: addition of azathioprine to infliximab maintenance therapy in patients with anti-drug antibodies and subclinical inflammation.
Topics: Adalimumab; Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Immunosupp | 2018 |
Severe complication during remission of Crohn's disease: hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis due to acute cytomegalovirus infection.
Topics: Adult; Antiviral Agents; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Cytomegalovirus; Cytomegalovirus Infections; H | 2018 |
[Role of Rac1 signaling pathway of azathioprine and peptidoglycan in the regulation of monocyte-macrophage apoptosis in Crohn's disease].
Topics: Apoptosis; Azathioprine; Case-Control Studies; Crohn Disease; Humans; Inflammation; Intestinal Mucos | 2018 |
Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system in Niger.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Central Nervous System Diseases; Demyelinating Diseases; Disability Evalu | 2019 |
Comparing the influence of two immunosuppressants (fingolimod, azathioprine) on wound healing in a rat model of primary and secondary intention wound closure.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Fingolimod Hydrochloride; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammation; Male; Model | 2019 |
Biochemical Markers, Genotype, and Inflammation in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Danish Population-Based Study.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Colitis, Ulcerative; | 2019 |
Effects of azathioprine and its metabolites on inflammatory cytokines in human nasal polyp organ cultures.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Cytokines; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammation; | 2019 |
Mesalamine and azathioprine modulate junctional complexes and restore epithelial barrier function in intestinal inflammation.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Colitis; Epithelial Cells; Inflammat | 2019 |
Cogan's syndrome associated with orbital inflammation.
Topics: Aged; Azathioprine; Cogan Syndrome; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Immunosuppressi | 2013 |
Extracorporeal photopheresis for the treatment of severe, refractory steroid dependent pediatric Crohn's Disease.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Child; Colostomy; Crohn Disease; Endoscopy; Gastrointestinal A | 2013 |
Humoral immune mechanism of liver injury in giant cell hepatitis with autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; Aut | 2014 |
Involvement of oxidative stress and immune- and inflammation-related factors in azathioprine-induced liver injury.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Carrier Proteins; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Female; Glutathione | 2014 |
Recurrent right atrial thrombosis due to Behçet disease.
Topics: Anticoagulants; Azathioprine; Behcet Syndrome; Disease Progression; Heart Atria; Heart Diseases; Hum | 2014 |
Successful diagnosis of hypothalamitis using stereotactic biopsy and treatment: a case report.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Biopsy, Needle; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Hypo | 2015 |
Long-Term Prognostic Significance of Persisting Histological Activity Despite Biochemical Remission in Autoimmune Hepatitis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Biopsy; Drug Administration Schedul | 2015 |
Combination of Azathioprine and Aminosalicylate Treatment Prevent Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Women with Ulcerative Colitis by Reducing Inflammation.
Topics: Adult; Aminosalicylic Acid; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; | 2015 |
Combination of Steroids and Azathioprine in the Treatment of Ormond's Disease--A Single Centre Retrospective Analysis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Czech Republic; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive | 2016 |
Long-term risk of malignancy among patients treated with immunosuppressive agents for ocular inflammation: a critical assessment of the evidence.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Daclizumab | 2008 |
Comparison of antimetabolite drugs as corticosteroid-sparing therapy for noninfectious ocular inflammation.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Child; Female; Glucocorti | 2008 |
Cyclophosphamide treatment improves microvessel damage in systemic sclerosis.
Topics: Aged; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Immune System; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infla | 2009 |
Azathioprine for ocular inflammatory diseases.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Child; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; | 2009 |
Mycophenolate mofetil reduces alveolar inflammation, acute rejection and graft loss due to bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Female; Graft Rejection | 2010 |
Spontaneous pregnancy in a patient with a relapse of lymphocytic hypophysitis successfully treated with azathioprine and glucocorticoids.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Pituitary Diseases; Pre | 2011 |
Response to immunotherapy in CLIPPERS syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Brain; Brain Diseases; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunoglobulins, Intrav | 2011 |
Extra-pancreatic manifestations of IgG4-related systemic disease: a single-centre experience of treatment with combined immunosuppression.
Topics: Aged; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up St | 2013 |
Diayangambin exerts immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Anisoles; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Dexamethasone; Dinoproston | 2002 |
Preventing toxicity with a gene test.
Topics: Advisory Committees; Azathioprine; Child; Drug Labeling; Drug Utilization; Genetic Testing; Humans; | 2003 |
Lymphocytic hypophysitis successfully treated with azathioprine: first case report.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Drug Resistance; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammati | 2003 |
Discordant erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein in children with inflammatory bowel disease taking azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Blood Sedimentation; C-Reactive Protein; Child; Female; Humans | 2004 |
Selective inhibition of inflammatory gene expression in activated T lymphocytes: a mechanism of immune suppression by thiopurines.
Topics: Annexin A5; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Azathioprine; Cells, Cultured; Coloring Agents; Dose-Resp | 2005 |
[Wegener granulomatosis: a pulmonary pediatric form].
Topics: Abscess; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Child; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Granulomatosis with | 2005 |
A method for extracting muscle information from serum creatine kinase measurements--its potential value in the monitoring and management of inflammatory muscle disease.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Creatine Kinase; Drug Interactions; Humans; Indoles; I | 2006 |
Severe gastrointestinal inflammation in adult dermatomyositis: characterization of a novel clinical association.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Dermatomyositis; Fatal Outcome; Fem | 2006 |
Demographic, pharmacologic, and periodontal variables for gingival overgrowth in subjects medicated with cyclosporin in the absence of calcium channel blockers.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Calcium Channel Blockers; Chi-Square Distribution; Cy | 2007 |
Liver injury in inflammatory bowel disease: long-term follow-up study of 786 patients.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female | 2007 |
Combined effects of temperature and immunosuppressive drug therapy on allograft rejection in goldfish.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Cyprinidae; Drug Synergism; Inflammation; Methotrexate; Temperature; Transpla | 1967 |
Experimental prevention of nerve homograft rejection by use of immunosuppressive drugs.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Inflammation; Nerve Regeneration; Peripheral Nerves; Radiation Effects; Rats; | 1967 |
[Characteristics of mononuclear phagocytes in their normal state and in inflammation].
Topics: Azathioprine; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Chimera; Esterases; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Inflammation | 1984 |
Azathioprine-associated pulmonary dysfunction.
Topics: Adult; Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Inflammation; Kidney Calculi; Lung Diseases | 1983 |
Treatment of acute inflammatory myocarditis assisted by endomyocardial biopsy.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Methylprednisolo | 1980 |
Successful treatment of a patient with retractile mesenteritis with prednisone and azathioprine.
Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Mesentery; Middle Aged; Predn | 1980 |
CsA levels in the early posttransplant period--predictive of chronic rejection in liver transplantation?
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Azathioprine; Child; Cyclosporine; Drug Monitoring; Drug Therapy, Combination; F | 1995 |
Ocular presentation of polyarteritis nodosa. Clinical course and management with steroid and cytotoxic therapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Combination; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans | 1993 |
Abnormal T-cell costimulation by proteins of the extracellular matrix in human renal allografting.
Topics: Arteritis; Azathioprine; Collagen; Cyclosporine; Endothelium, Vascular; Extracellular Matrix Protein | 1993 |
Factors associated with fetal losses in severe systemic lupus erythematosus.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Azathioprine; Case-Control Studies; Chloroquine; Cohort Studies; Congen | 1996 |
An experimental model of chronic kidney allograft rejection under triple-drug treatment in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Biopsy, Needle; Chronic Disease; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gra | 1997 |
Effect of immunosuppression on obliterative lesions in a heterotopic large-animal bronchial allograft model.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Bronchi; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Cartilage; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Com | 1997 |
[FDG PET for the localization diagnosis in inflammatory disease of unknown origin--two case reports].
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Female; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Imm | 2001 |
Cell kinetics during inflammation.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Azathioprine; Cell Movement; Chronic Disease; Exudates and Transudates; Gluc | 1977 |
Assessment of anti-inflammatory drugs in the rat using subcutaneous implants of polyurethane foam impregnated with dead tubercle bacilli.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Aspirin; Azathioprine; Biological Assay; Cyclophosphamide; Female | 1975 |
The effect of hydrocortisone acetate and azathioprine (Imuran) on the kinetics of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leucocytes during an acute inflammation.
Topics: Animals; Ascitic Fluid; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Movement; Hydrocortisone; | 1977 |
The effect of azathioprine (Imuran) on the cell cycle of promonocytes and the production of monocytes in the bone marrow.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Count; Cell Division; Cel | 1975 |
The effect of azathioprine (Imuran) on the kinetics of monocytes and macrophages during the normal steady state and an acute inflammatory reaction.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Azathioprine; Cells, Cultured; Germ-Free Life; Inflammation; Kinetics; Leu | 1975 |
Inflammatory mediators in allograft malfunction: a new concept in the cyclosporin era.
Topics: Azathioprine; Complement System Proteins; Cyclosporins; Edema; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Graft | 1989 |
Differential effects of azathioprine (Aza), cyclosporine A (CsA) and dexamethasone (Dexa) on lymphokine mediated inflammation (LMI) in rejecting allografts.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Cells, Cultured; Cyclosporins; Dexamethasone; Female; Graft Rejection; Immuno | 1989 |
Distinct phenotypic composition of diffuse interstitial and perivascular focal infiltrates in renal allografts: a morphometric analysis of cellular infiltration under conventional immunosuppressive therapy and under cyclosporine A.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Aggregation; Cyclosp | 1988 |
Posterior scleritis: a clinical and histological survey.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; C | 1988 |
Effect of predosing animals with immunosuppressive drugs on immune and non-immune induced inflammatory responses.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Arthritis; Azathioprine; Carrageenan; Cyclophosphamide; Dexamethaso | 1974 |
[Experimental findings on the site of action and on pharmacodynamics of cytostatic and antiphlogistic drugs in inflammation].
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Glycosaminoglycans; Granulation Tissue; Hematopoietic Syste | 1972 |
[Animal experiments on the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effect of cytostatic agents].
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Cyclic P-Oxides; Cyclophosphamide; Dose-Response Re | 1973 |
Systemic (allergic?) vasculitis.
Topics: Antigen-Antibody Complex; Azathioprine; Complement System Proteins; Creatinine; Diphenhydramine; Ery | 1974 |
Scleritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Age Factors; Arteritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Betamethas | 1971 |
Impaired drug metabolism in rats associated with acute inflammation: a possible assay for anti-injury agents.
Topics: Aminopyrine; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Biological Assa | 1974 |
The effect of various immunosuppressive agents on the vascular and cellular response to carvageenan in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Busulfan; Carrageenan; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Edema; Immunosuppressi | 1973 |
Digital artery thrombosis and vasculitis in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
Topics: Arteries; Arteritis; Arthritis, Juvenile; Azathioprine; Blood Vessels; Child, Preschool; Female; Gan | 1973 |
Progressive occlusive endarteritis. A case report.
Topics: Adult; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Arteries; Autopsy; Azathioprine; Coronary Vessels; Endarteritis; | 1973 |
Hepatic sepsis after liver transplantation in dogs and pigs.
Topics: Animals; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cholangitis; Dogs; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infections | 1969 |
Histologic changes associated with rejection of canine lung transplants.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Dogs; Edema; Graft Rejection; Hemorrhage; Immunosuppression Therapy; | 1971 |
The influence of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant drugs on Nystatin induced oedema.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Arthritis; Aspirin; Azathioprine; Ch | 1971 |
A comparison of immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory agents in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibody Formation; Antilymphocyte Serum; Arthritis; Azathioprine | 1971 |
[Acid alpha 1 -glycoprotein as indicator of inflammation activity].
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Glycoproteins; | 1971 |
[Ophthalmological symptomatology, therapy and prognosis of Fuch's and Lyell's syndromes].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Body Weight; Corneal Opacity; Cortisone; Diagnosis, Differential; Entropion; Er | 1970 |