azathioprine has been researched along with Graves Disease in 29 studies
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.
Graves Disease: A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy).
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " The aim of the study was to assess the influence of early immunosuppressive treatment of autoimmune thyrotoxicosis with azathioprine on the course of the disease and the incidence of its complications." | 5.11 | [Assessment of early immunosuppressive therapy in the prevention of complications of Graves' disease]. ( Gołkowski, F; Huszno, B; Plinta, T; Szybiński, Z; Trofimiuk, M, 2004) |
| "A short trial with high doses of prednisolone to treat a 62 year-old woman with malignant ophthalmopathy due to Graves disease yielded an unsatisfactory improvement after 5-6 days." | 3.66 | [Use of plasmapheresis in a case of Graves' disease with malignant ophthalmopathy (author's transl)]. ( Badjou, R; Ermans, AM; Gaham, N; Glinoer, D; Grivegnee, A; Libert, J; Sand, G, 1981) |
| "The best systemic treatment of dysthyroid ophthalmopathy remains high dosage Prednisolone." | 2.37 | Systemic management of dysthyroid ophthalmopathy. ( Fells, P, 1988) |
| "Primary systemic sclerosis (PSS) is such a disease characterised by multi-organ fibrosis." | 1.35 | Graves' disease associated with primary systemic sclerosis. ( Wimmersberger, Y; Zuercher, D, 2009) |
| "Azathioprine treatment did not significantly influence these parameters, although it did induce significant decrease in thyroid microsomal antibodies and in thyroid-stimulating hormone binding inhibiting immunoglobulin index." | 1.28 | Azathioprine in the treatment of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. ( Crombie, AL; Kendall-Taylor, P; Perros, P; Weightman, DR, 1990) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 18 (62.07) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 7 (24.14) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 2 (6.90) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 1 (3.45) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 1 (3.45) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Allam, MM | 1 |
| El-Zawawy, HT | 1 |
| Kader Okda, AA | 1 |
| Ali Alshaikh, A | 1 |
| Ghazy, RM | 1 |
| Wimmersberger, Y | 1 |
| Zuercher, D | 1 |
| Khan, NA | 1 |
| Singh, M | 1 |
| Huszno, B | 1 |
| Trofimiuk, M | 1 |
| Gołkowski, F | 1 |
| Plinta, T | 1 |
| Szybiński, Z | 1 |
| Beycot, M | 1 |
| Tremisi, P | 1 |
| Madec, AM | 1 |
| Orgiazzi, J | 1 |
| Mornex, R | 1 |
| Glinoer, D | 2 |
| Gaham, N | 1 |
| Sand, G | 1 |
| Libert, J | 1 |
| Grivegnee, A | 1 |
| Badjou, R | 1 |
| Ermans, AM | 1 |
| Wei, S | 1 |
| Tong, N | 1 |
| Luo, Q | 1 |
| Tian, H | 1 |
| Yu, Y | 1 |
| Liu, Y | 1 |
| Claridge, KG | 1 |
| Ghabrial, R | 1 |
| Davis, G | 1 |
| Tomlinson, M | 1 |
| Goodman, S | 1 |
| Harrad, RA | 1 |
| Potts, MJ | 1 |
| Sakata, K | 1 |
| Hareyama, M | 1 |
| Oouchi, A | 1 |
| Shidou, M | 1 |
| Nagakura, H | 1 |
| Morita, K | 1 |
| Osanai, H | 1 |
| Ohtsuka, K | 1 |
| Hinoda, Y | 1 |
| Aquino, CS | 1 |
| Coelho, JC | 1 |
| Tendrich, M | 1 |
| Gonçalves Filho, CA | 1 |
| Pinto, JC | 1 |
| Pontes, JP | 1 |
| Inada, M | 1 |
| Nishikawa, M | 1 |
| Oishi, M | 1 |
| Kurata, S | 1 |
| Ogawa, H | 1 |
| Sakurami, T | 1 |
| Kono, T | 1 |
| Imura, H | 1 |
| Chintu, C | 1 |
| McClure, P | 1 |
| van Straalen, JP | 1 |
| Sanders, E | 1 |
| Prummel, MF | 1 |
| Sanders, GT | 1 |
| Kahaly, G | 1 |
| De Rosa, G | 1 |
| Menichella, G | 1 |
| Della, S | 1 |
| Rossi, PL | 1 |
| Testa, A | 1 |
| Pierelli, L | 1 |
| Cecchini, L | 1 |
| Callà, C | 1 |
| Mango, G | 1 |
| Perros, P | 1 |
| Weightman, DR | 1 |
| Crombie, AL | 1 |
| Kendall-Taylor, P | 1 |
| Zielinski, CC | 1 |
| Weissel, M | 1 |
| Müller, C | 1 |
| Till, P | 1 |
| Höfer, R | 1 |
| Göring, HD | 1 |
| Ziemer, A | 1 |
| Fells, P | 1 |
| Pilarska, K | 1 |
| Czekalski, S | 1 |
| Syrenicz, A | 1 |
| Andrzejewska, W | 1 |
| Krzystolik, Z | 1 |
| Przerwa, D | 1 |
| Daniel, B | 1 |
| Rørdam, P | 1 |
| Larsen, S | 1 |
| Helin, P | 1 |
| Thomson, JA | 1 |
| Wilson, R | 1 |
| Walker, ID | 1 |
| Lavergne, G | 1 |
| Winand, R | 2 |
| Bonnet, M | 1 |
| Engelberth, O | 1 |
| Bĕlíkovová, H | 1 |
| Soumar, J | 1 |
| Wall, JR | 1 |
| Odgers, R | 1 |
| Hetzel, BS | 1 |
| Burrow, GN | 1 |
| Mitchell, MS | 1 |
| Howard, RO | 1 |
| Morrow, LB | 1 |
| Lapiere, CM | 1 |
3 reviews available for azathioprine and Graves Disease
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Nonsteroid immunosuppressants in endocrine orbitopathy.
Topics: Azathioprine; Aziridines; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosporine; Graves Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive | 1991 |
Systemic management of dysthyroid ophthalmopathy.
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Cyclosporins; Graves Disease; Humans; Prednisolone | 1988 |
[Immunodepressors in ophthalmology].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antilymphocyte Se | 1971 |
6 trials available for azathioprine and Graves Disease
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Azathioprine as an adjuvant therapy in severe Graves' disease: a randomized controlled open-label clinical trial.
Topics: Antibodies; Antithyroid Agents; Azathioprine; Carbimazole; Graves Disease; Humans; Propranolol; Recu | 2023 |
[Assessment of early immunosuppressive therapy in the prevention of complications of Graves' disease].
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Antithyroid Agents; Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fem | 2004 |
Combined radiotherapy and medical immunosuppression in the management of thyroid eye disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Blepharoplasty; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Graves Disease; Humans | 1997 |
Plasma exchange in Graves' ophthalmopathy.
Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Therapy, Combination; Graves | 1990 |
[Step-by-step treatment of progressive edematous-infiltrative ophthalmopathy in Graves' disease. Results of the first stage of treatment with glucocorticoids and glucocorticoids with azathioprine].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dexamethasone; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exophthalmo | 1988 |
Immunosuppressive therapy for the eye changes of Graves' disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Conjunctiva; Diplopia; Exop | 1970 |
20 other studies available for azathioprine and Graves Disease
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Graves' disease associated with primary systemic sclerosis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Bosentan; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucocorticoids; Graves | 2009 |
Development of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis in a patient with Graves' disease independent of anti-thyroid drug therapy.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytopl | 2012 |
[Basedow's ophthalmopathy. Failure of treatment with plasma exchange and azathioprine].
Topics: Azathioprine; Female; Graves Disease; Humans; Middle Aged; Plasma Exchange | 1984 |
[Use of plasmapheresis in a case of Graves' disease with malignant ophthalmopathy (author's transl)].
Topics: Azathioprine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Graves Disease; Humans; Middle Aged; Plasmapheresis; Predni | 1981 |
[The effects of intensive DMPA regimen in the treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Dexamethasone; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gluc | 1996 |
Radiotherapy in the management of Graves' ophthalmopathy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Combined Modality Therapy; Decompression, Surgical; Disease Management; E | 1998 |
[Malignant ophthalmopathy. Results of corticosteroid therapy associated with a cytotoxic immunosuppressive agent].
Topics: Azathioprine; Dexamethasone; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exophthalmos; Graves Disease; Humans; Long-A | 1978 |
Bartter's syndrome associated with Graves' disease and myasthenia gravis: report of a case.
Topics: Adult; Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Azathioprine; Bartter Syndrome; Blood Pressure; Graves Disease; | 1978 |
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in two children with Graves disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Child; Female; Graves Disease; Humans; Prednisone; Propylthiouracil; Purpura; Purpura, | 1975 |
Bone-alkaline phosphatase as indicator of bone formation.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Azathioprine; Beclomethasone; Bone and Bones; Bone Development; C | 1991 |
Azathioprine in the treatment of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.
Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Evaluation; Exophthalmos; Female; Graves Disease; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; M | 1990 |
Long-term follow-up of patients with Graves' orbitopathy treated by plasmapheresis and immunosuppression.
Topics: Azathioprine; Combined Modality Therapy; Follow-Up Studies; Graves Disease; Humans; Immunoglobulin G | 1989 |
[Immunopathogenetic, endocrinologic and therapeutic problems of EMO syndrome. Observations based on a case report].
Topics: Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Female; Graves Disease; Humans; Leg Dermatoses; Microsomes; Middle Age | 1989 |
[Graves' ophthalmopathy treated with azathioprine].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Graves Disease; Humans; Male; Prednisolone | 1986 |
[Treatment of severe exophthalmia using intensive plasma exchange].
Topics: Azathioprine; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Therapy, Combination; Graves Disease; Humans; Immunosu | 1986 |
The development of thyrotoxicosis (Graves' disease) during immunosuppression for autoimmune haemolytic anaemia.
Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Azathioprine; Female; Graves Disease; Humans; Immunoglobulin G | 1986 |
[Endocrine exophthalmos].
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Aged; Animals; Azathioprine | 1973 |
[Influence of immunosuppressive treatment on hormonal exophthalmos].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Female; Graves Disease; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prednisone | 1974 |
Immunological studies of the eye changes of thyrotoxicosis.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aged; Animals; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Biological Assay; Female; Grav | 1973 |
[Apropos of a case of pretibial myxedema treated with corticosteroids and azathioprine in succession].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Female; Graves Disease; Humans; Leg; Middle Aged; Myxedema | 1969 |