azathioprine and Genetic Predisposition studies

Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"An 11-year-old girl with a calpain-3 gene (CAPN-3) mutation and eosinophilic myositis on muscle biopsy had high serum CK levels and eosinophil counts which showed spontaneous fluctuations."	7.75	Eosinophilic myositis in calpainopathy: could immunosuppression of the eosinophilic myositis alter the early natural course of the dystrophic disease? ( Dincer, P; Gundesli, H; Oflazer, PS; Sabuncu, T; Zorludemir, S, 2009)
"Azathioprine (AZA) is a thiopurine prodrug which is widely used in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)."	5.42	The impact of glutathione S-transferase genotype and phenotype on the adverse drug reactions to azathioprine in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. ( Bi, H; Ding, L; Gao, X; Hu, P; Huang, M; Liu, H; Zhang, F; Zhang, Y, 2015)
"Our work supports the strong evidence that individuals with TPMT variant homozygosity are at high risk of severe neutropenia, whereas TPMT heterozygotes are not at increased risk of ADRs at standard doses of azathioprine."	5.15	A pragmatic randomized controlled trial of thiopurine methyltransferase genotyping prior to azathioprine treatment: the TARGET study. ( Alder, JE; Andrews, J; Bruce, I; Elles, R; Elliott, RA; Fargher, E; Griffiths, CE; Heise, M; Houston, JB; Newman, WG; Ollier, WE; Payne, D; Payne, K; Pushpakom, S; Qasim, F; Ramsden, SC; Ray, DW; Roberts, SA; Shaffer, J; Sidgwick, GP; Tricker, K, 2011)
" The thiopurine drugs, azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine, are commonly used to maintain remission in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis; however, the use of these drugs may be limited by the development of pancreatitis in some individuals."	4.91	Thiopurine-induced pancreatitis in inflammatory bowel diseases. ( Day, AS; Ledder, O; Lemberg, DA, 2015)
"Pancreatitis occurs in approximately 4% of patients treated with the thiopurines azathioprine or mercaptopurine."	3.80	HLA-DQA1-HLA-DRB1 variants confer susceptibility to pancreatitis induced by thiopurine immunosuppressants. ( Ahmad, T; Andrews, JM; Annese, V; Bampton, P; Barnardo, M; Bell, S; Bewshea, CM; Chen, M; Cole, A; Connor, SJ; Creed, T; Cummings, FR; D'Amato, M; Daneshmend, TK; Dubois, PC; Fedorak, RN; Florin, TH; Gaya, DR; Greig, E; Halfvarson, J; Hart, A; Heap, GA; Holden, AL; Irving, PM; Jones, G; Karban, A; Lawrance, IC; Lee, JC; Lees, C; Lev-Tzion, R; Lindsay, JO; Mansfield, J; Mawdsley, J; Mazhar, Z; Orchard, TR; Parkes, M; Parnell, K; Radford-Smith, G; Reffitt, D; Rossjohn, J; Russell, RK; Satchwell, JB; Satsangi, J; Silverberg, MS; Singh, A; So, K; Sturniolo, GC; Tremelling, M; Tsianos, EV; van Heel, DA; Vivian, JP; Walsh, A; Watermeyer, G; Weedon, MN; Weersma, RK; Zeissig, S, 2014)
"An 11-year-old girl with a calpain-3 gene (CAPN-3) mutation and eosinophilic myositis on muscle biopsy had high serum CK levels and eosinophil counts which showed spontaneous fluctuations."	3.75	Eosinophilic myositis in calpainopathy: could immunosuppression of the eosinophilic myositis alter the early natural course of the dystrophic disease? ( Dincer, P; Gundesli, H; Oflazer, PS; Sabuncu, T; Zorludemir, S, 2009)
"Our results confirm that TPMT genotyping prior to the treatment with azathioprine could predict patients with genetic predisposition for serious leucopenia and seems to be a useful genetic marker for individualisation of the therapy."	3.75	Importance of thiopurine S-Methyltransferase gene polymorphisms for prediction of azathioprine toxicity. ( Bartos, M; Bartosova, L; Batovsky, M; Chylkova, A; Dvorackova, D; Hosek, J; Kolorz, M; Zboril, V, 2009)
"Of all azathioprine treated patients, 11 experienced an adverse event for which azathioprine was stopped: pancreatitis (n = 4), leucopenia (n = 2) and 'general malaise' (n = 5)."	3.73	Pharmacogenetics of thiopurine therapy in paediatric IBD patients. ( Benninga, MA; De Ridder, L; Escher, JC; Hommes, DW; Stokkers, PC; Van der Woude, JC; Van Deventer, HJ; Van Dieren, JM; Van Vuuren, AJ, 2006)
"Azathioprine, off-label used long time ago to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, has recently received approval from the Spanish Medicine Agency (Agencia Española del Medicamento) in relapsing-remitting (RR) forms of this condition."	3.71	[Hypomethylation and multiple sclerosis, the susceptibility factor?]. ( Cara Terribas, CJ; González Guijarro, L, 2002)
"The International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group (IAIHG) has devised diagnostic scoring systems to help in comparative studies and clinical practice."	2.53	Cutting edge issues in autoimmune hepatitis. ( Krawitt, EL; Liberal, R; Manns, MP; Mieli-Vergani, G; Vergani, D; Vierling, JM, 2016)
"Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the liver with a dismal prognosis when left untreated."	2.46	Autoimmune hepatitis. ( Strassburg, CP, 2010)
"Pediatric ulcerative colitis tends to present with more severe and more extensive involvement than in adults."	2.44	IBD in children: lessons for adults. ( Haller, CA; Markowitz, J, 2007)
"Autoimmune hepatitis has a global distribution and affects all ages."	2.41	Current concepts in the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis. ( Al-Khalidi, JA; Czaja, AJ, 2001)
" NUDT15 variants are associated with thiopurine-induced adverse events, particularly in Asians."	1.56	Rare Genotype of His/His in NUDT15 Codon 139 and Thiopurine-associated Adverse Events in a Case of Ulcerative Colitis. ( Kakuta, Y; Kawata, Y; Okamoto, D; Sato, H; Terai, S; Tominaga, K; Tomiyoshi, K; Yokoyama, J, 2020)
"The included patients had either Crohn's disease (54; 65."	1.51	Long-term effect of NUDT15 R139C on hematologic indices in inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with thiopurine. ( Akiyama, S; Arai, M; Fujii, T; Fukuda, K; Hamada, S; Hashiguchi, M; Hisamatsu, T; Iwao, Y; Kanai, T; Kiyohara, H; Matsuoka, K; Mizuno, S; Mochizuki, M; Motobayashi, M; Nagahori, M; Naganuma, M; Nanki, K; Ogata, H; Ohtsuka, K; Saito, E; Shimizu, M; Sugimoto, S; Suzuki, K; Takenaka, K; Watanabe, M, 2019)
"Despite NUDT15 variants showing significant association with thiopurine-induced adverse events (AEs) in Asians, it remains unclear which variants of NUDT15 or whether additional genetic variants should be tested to predict AEs."	1.48	NUDT15 codon 139 is the best pharmacogenetic marker for predicting thiopurine-induced severe adverse events in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a multicenter study. ( Andoh, A; Araki, H; Endo, K; Hanai, H; Hiraoka, S; Hisamatsu, T; Hokari, R; Ikeya, K; Ishiguro, Y; Kakuta, Y; Kawai, Y; Kinouchi, Y; Kobayashi, T; Masamune, A; Matsumoto, T; Miura, M; Mizuno, S; Moroi, R; Motoya, S; Naganuma, M; Nagasaki, M; Naito, T; Nakagawa, S; Nakagawa, T; Nakamura, S; Nakase, H; Nishida, A; Okamoto, D; Onodera, K; Sakuraba, H; Sasaki, M; Shiga, H; Shimosegawa, T; Shinozaki, M; Suzuki, Y; Takagawa, T; Takahara, M; Toyonaga, T; Yanai, S, 2018)
" The median dosage for NUDT15 c."	1.46	Combined Detection of NUDT15 Variants Could Highly Predict Thiopurine-induced Leukopenia in Chinese Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multicenter Analysis. ( Cao, Q; Chao, K; Gao, X; Hu, P; Huang, M; Huang, Y; Huang, Z; Lan, P; Liang, J; Lin, L; Qian, J; Sun, Y; Wang, X; Wu, K; Xue, X; Yang, H; Zhang, Y; Zhu, X, 2017)
"Thiopurine-induced severe hair loss causes cosmetic problems, and it takes a long time to recover."	1.43	NUDT15 R139C causes thiopurine-induced early severe hair loss and leukopenia in Japanese patients with IBD. ( Endo, K; Kakuta, Y; Kimura, T; Kinouchi, Y; Kuroha, M; Naito, T; Negoro, K; Onodera, M; Shiga, H; Shimosegawa, T, 2016)
" The aim of the study was to investigate frequencies of TPMT and ITPA polymorphisms in Lithuanian IBD patients and analyze their association with AZA-related adverse events."	1.43	TPMT and ITPA genetic variants in Lithuanian inflammatory bowel disease patients: Prevalence and azathioprine-related side effects. ( Denapiene, G; Jonaitis, L; Kiudelis, G; Kupcinskas, J; Kupcinskas, L; Skieceviciene, J; Steponaitiene, R; Survilaite, S; Valantinas, J; Varkalaite, G, 2016)
"Thiopurine-induced leukopenia is a relatively common adverse event related to thiopurine medication in Korean pediatric Crohn's disease."	1.43	NUDT15 variant is the most common variant associated with thiopurine-induced early leukopenia and alopecia in Korean pediatric patients with Crohn's disease. ( Hwang, EH; Kang, B; Kim, SY; Lee, YJ; Park, JH; Shin, JH, 2016)
"Azathioprine (AZA) is a thiopurine prodrug which is widely used in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)."	1.42	The impact of glutathione S-transferase genotype and phenotype on the adverse drug reactions to azathioprine in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. ( Bi, H; Ding, L; Gao, X; Hu, P; Huang, M; Liu, H; Zhang, F; Zhang, Y, 2015)
"A total of 174 patients with ulcerative colitis, 99 women and 75 men, were included."	1.40	IL23R polymorphisms influence phenotype and response to therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis. ( Brito, M; Correia, LA; Cravo, ML; de Deus, JR; Ferreira, PA; Maio, RF; Ministro, P; Moura-Santos, P; Peixe, P; Sousa, P; Tavares, L; Velho, S; Velosa, JF, 2014)
"Crohn's disease is rare in South African black people and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is also rare in black patients with IBD, from South Africa."	1.38	Primary sclerosing cholangitis, Crohn's disease and HLA-B27 in black South African women. ( Bezuidenhout, E; Bosch, FJ; Buchel, OC; de K Grundling, H; de Vries, CS; Fevery, J; Janse van Rensburg, J; Middlecote, BD; van Zyl, JH, 2012)
"Azathioprine is an immunosuppressant prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation."	1.34	Current use of pharmacogenetic testing: a national survey of thiopurine methyltransferase testing prior to azathioprine prescription. ( Bruce, I; Elliott, R; Fargher, EA; Newman, W; Payne, K; Roberts, SA; Shaffer, JL; Tricker, K, 2007)
"Genetic susceptibility to type 1 autoimmune hepatitis is indicated by a preponderance of female subjects and strong associations with human leukocyte antigens (HLA) DRB10301 and DRB10401."	1.31	Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. ( Agarwal, K; Czaja, AJ; Donaldson, PT; Jones, DE, 2000)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	23 (41.82)	29.6817
2010's	29 (52.73)	24.3611
2020's	3 (5.45)	2.80

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Effects of Abrocitinib Treatment of Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis on Skin Barrier Function[NCT05140239]		20 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2022-09-01	Recruiting
A Proof-of-Concept, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Two-Arm, Parallel-Group, Nutritional Intervention Study to Examine the Clinical and Immunological Effects of a Probiotic Food Supplement Containing B. Infantis (EVC001) in Healthy Breastfed[NCT04662619]		273 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-12-18	Active, not recruiting
Effect of Aloe Vera in the Inflammation of Patients With Mild Ulcerative Colitis[NCT01783119]	Early Phase 1	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-08-31	Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Article	Year
Frontiers in immunology, 2021, Volume: 12 Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; AIRE Protein; Autoantibodies; Autoimmune Disea	2021
Atopic dermatitis. Nature reviews. Disease primers, 2018, 06-21, Volume: 4, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Topical; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Boron Compounds; Bridged Bicyclo Com	2018
Atopic dermatitis. Nature reviews. Disease primers, 2018, 06-21, Volume: 4, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Topical; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Boron Compounds; Bridged Bicyclo Com	2018
Atopic dermatitis. Nature reviews. Disease primers, 2018, 06-21, Volume: 4, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Topical; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Boron Compounds; Bridged Bicyclo Com	2018
Atopic dermatitis. Nature reviews. Disease primers, 2018, 06-21, Volume: 4, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Topical; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Boron Compounds; Bridged Bicyclo Com	2018
Thiopurine-induced pancreatitis in inflammatory bowel diseases. Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology, 2015, Volume: 9, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Gastrointestina	2015
Cutting edge issues in autoimmune hepatitis. Journal of autoimmunity, 2016, Volume: 75 Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; H	2016
Autoimmune hepatitis. Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology, 2010, Volume: 24, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Budesonide; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Therapy, Combination; Genetic Predi	2010
Current relevance of pharmacogenetics in immunomodulation treatment for Crohn's disease. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2012, Volume: 27, Issue:10 Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Biotransformation; Crohn Disease; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug	2012
Prevention of autoimmune attack and disease progression in multiple sclerosis: current therapies and future prospects. Internal medicine journal, 2002, Volume: 32, Issue:11 Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; B-Lymphocytes; Cyclophosphamide; Disease	2002
Pharmacogenetics and inflammatory bowel disease: progress and prospects. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2004, Volume: 10, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fo	2004
[Pharmacogenetics: Important aspects for dermatology]. Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete, 2005, Volume: 56, Issue:1 Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Dapsone; Dermatology; Drug Eruptions; Fluorou	2005
[Autoimmune liver diseases and their overlap syndromes]. Praxis, 2006, Sep-06, Volume: 95, Issue:36 Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Antinuclear; Autoantibodies; Autoimmune Diseases; Azath	2006
Pharmacogenomics in gastrointestinal disorders. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2008, Volume: 448 Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Biotransformation; Colorectal Neoplasms; Gastrointestinal Agent	2008
Pharmacogenomics in rheumatoid arthritis. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2008, Volume: 448 Topics: Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Biotransformation; Genetic Predisposition	2008
IBD in children: lessons for adults. Current gastroenterology reports, 2007, Volume: 9, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; An	2007
Current concepts in the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis. Mayo Clinic proceedings, 2001, Volume: 76, Issue:12 Topics: Age Distribution; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Causality; Drug Therapy, Combination; Euro	2001
Genetic variants and the risk of Crohn's disease: what does it mean for future disease management? Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2006, Volume: 7, Issue:12 Topics: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Genetic Pred	2006

Article	Year
Genetic testing and molecular biomarkers, 2019, Volume: 23, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alleles; Asian People; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Child; Female; Genetic Pre	2019
Rare Genotype of His/His in NUDT15 Codon 139 and Thiopurine-associated Adverse Events in a Case of Ulcerative Colitis. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 2020, Jul-01, Volume: 59, Issue:13 Topics: Alopecia; Asian People; Azathioprine; Codon; Colitis, Ulcerative; Genetic Predisposition to Disease;	2020
Inflammatory bowel disease and inherited colorectal cancer: Is there a genetic link? Gastroenterologia y hepatologia, 2021, Volume: 44, Issue:2 Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Age of Onset; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Breast Neoplasms; Colit	2021
Combined Detection of NUDT15 Variants Could Highly Predict Thiopurine-induced Leukopenia in Chinese Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multicenter Analysis. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2017, Volume: 23, Issue:9 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Asian People; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; China; Cohort Studies;	2017
Extracellular matrix protein 1 gene rs3737240 single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with ulcerative colitis in Turkish patients. The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology, 2017, Volume: 28, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Alleles; Asian People; Azathioprine; Case-Control Studies; Colitis, Ulcerative; Extracellular	2017
Rare gene variants in a patient with azathioprine-induced lethal myelosuppression. Annals of hematology, 2017, Volume: 96, Issue:12 Topics: Azathioprine; Bone Marrow Diseases; Cholangitis, Sclerosing; Ethnicity; Genetic Predisposition to Di	2017
NUDT15 codon 139 is the best pharmacogenetic marker for predicting thiopurine-induced severe adverse events in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a multicenter study. Journal of gastroenterology, 2018, Volume: 53, Issue:9 Topics: Alopecia; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Biomarkers, Pharmacological; Genetic Predisposition	2018
Long-term effect of NUDT15 R139C on hematologic indices in inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with thiopurine. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2019, Volume: 34, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Erythrocyte Indic	2019
Primary sclerosing cholangitis, Crohn's disease and HLA-B27 in black South African women. Acta gastro-enterologica Belgica, 2012, Volume: 75, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Azathioprine; Back Pain; Black People; Cholagogues and Choleretics; Cho	2012
IL23R polymorphisms influence phenotype and response to therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 2014, Volume: 26, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Age Factors; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azath	2014
Synergistic effect of interleukin-10-receptor variants in a case of early-onset ulcerative colitis. World journal of gastroenterology, 2013, Dec-14, Volume: 19, Issue:46 Topics: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli; Age of Onset; Anti-Infective Agents; Azathioprine; beta Catenin; Biomark	2013
HLA-DQA1-HLA-DRB1 variants confer susceptibility to pancreatitis induced by thiopurine immunosuppressants. Nature genetics, 2014, Volume: 46, Issue:10 Topics: Azathioprine; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genome-Wide Association Study; Geno	2014
NUDT15 R139C causes thiopurine-induced early severe hair loss and leukopenia in Japanese patients with IBD. The pharmacogenomics journal, 2016, Volume: 16, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Alopecia; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Asian People; Azathioprine; Chi-Square Distribution; Coli	2016
The impact of glutathione S-transferase genotype and phenotype on the adverse drug reactions to azathioprine in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Journal of pharmacological sciences, 2015, Volume: 129, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alleles; Analysis of Variance; Asian People; Azathioprine; Female; Genetic Predis	2015
TPMT and ITPA genetic variants in Lithuanian inflammatory bowel disease patients: Prevalence and azathioprine-related side effects. Advances in medical sciences, 2016, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotyping Technique	2016
NUDT15 variant is the most common variant associated with thiopurine-induced early leukopenia and alopecia in Korean pediatric patients with Crohn's disease. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 2016, Volume: 28, Issue:4 Topics: Age Factors; Alopecia; Asian People; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; G	2016
Clinical epidemiology of ulcerative colitis in Mexico: a single hospital-based study in a 20-year period (1987-2006). Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 2009, Volume: 43, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Co	2009
Inflammatory bowel diseases: highlights from the United European Gastroenterology Week 2008. Expert opinion on therapeutic targets, 2009, Volume: 13, Issue:2 Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Gastrointestinal Agents; Genetic Predisposition	2009
Eosinophilic myositis in calpainopathy: could immunosuppression of the eosinophilic myositis alter the early natural course of the dystrophic disease? Neuromuscular disorders : NMD, 2009, Volume: 19, Issue:4 Topics: Azathioprine; Calpain; Child; Creatine Kinase; Disease Progression; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug	2009
Adverse reactions to azathioprine cannot be predicted by thiopurine S-methyltransferase genotype in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2009, Volume: 24, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Alopecia; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Asian People; Azathioprine; Chemica	2009
Response to medical treatment in patients with Crohn's disease: the role of NOD2/CRAD15, disease phenotype, and age of diagnosis. Digestive diseases and sciences, 2010, Volume: 55, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Chi-	2010
Importance of thiopurine S-Methyltransferase gene polymorphisms for prediction of azathioprine toxicity. Neuro endocrinology letters, 2009, Volume: 30 Suppl 1 Topics: Adult; Alleles; Azathioprine; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Humans; Leukopeni	2009
Beyond these insights there are further applications and future challenges. QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians, 2010, Volume: 103, Issue:4 Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Me	2010
Current concepts in the genetic diagnostics of rheumatoid arthritis. Expert review of molecular diagnostics, 2010, Volume: 10, Issue:5 Topics: Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; HLA-DR	2010
Common polymorphisms in the microsomal epoxide hydrolase and N-acetyltransferase 2 genes in association with inflammatory bowel disease in the Danish population. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 2011, Volume: 23, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Cohort Studies; Den	2011
Increased small intestinal permeability in ulcerative colitis: rather genetic than environmental and a risk factor for extensive disease? Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2012, Volume: 18, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Case-Control Studies; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colon; Female; Genetic Predispositio	2012
ANCA-associated vasculitis with dual ANCA positivity in coexistence with mixed connective tissue disease. Modern rheumatology, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytopl	2013
Autoimmune hepatitis: current knowledge. Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology, 2012, Volume: 36, Issue:3 Topics: Antibodies, Antinuclear; Autoantibodies; Autoantigens; Azathioprine; Child; Cyclosporine; Genetic Pr	2012
Gene polymorphisms involved in manifestation of leucopenia, digestive intolerance, and pancreatitis in azathioprine-treated patients. Digestive diseases and sciences, 2012, Volume: 57, Issue:9 Topics: Azathioprine; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gene Expression Regulation; Genetic Predisposition to Disea	2012
ITPA genotyping test does not improve detection of Crohn's disease patients at risk of azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine induced myelosuppression. Gut, 2005, Volume: 54, Issue:4 Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gen	2005
Pharmacogenetics of thiopurine therapy in paediatric IBD patients. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2006, Apr-15, Volume: 23, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposi	2006
Do ITPA and TPMT genotypes predict the development of side effects to AZA? Gut, 2006, Volume: 55, Issue:7 Topics: Azathioprine; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowe	2006
Autoimmune hepatitis: are we using the right therapy? Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2007, Volume: 44, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Azathioprine; Child; Cyclosporine; Disease Models, Animal; Genetic Predispositi	2007
Thiopurine S-methyltransferase gene polymorphism in Japanese patients with autoimmune liver diseases. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver, 2007, Volume: 27, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Agranulocytosis; Asian People; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow; Female; Gastrointestinal Dise	2007
Current use of pharmacogenetic testing: a national survey of thiopurine methyltransferase testing prior to azathioprine prescription. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 2007, Volume: 32, Issue:2 Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Dermatology; Dose-Response Relationship,	2007
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2000, Volume: 31, Issue:1 Topics: Abatacept; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antigens, CD; Antig	2000
Thiopurine S-methyltransferase gene polymorphism is predictive of azathioprine-induced myelosuppression in heart transplant recipients. Transplantation, 2000, Apr-15, Volume: 69, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Agranulocytosis; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow; Female; Forecasting; Genetic Predisposition to Di	2000
[Hypomethylation and multiple sclerosis, the susceptibility factor?]. Neurologia (Barcelona, Spain), 2002, Volume: 17, Issue:3 Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agen	2002
Reactivity against microsatellite instability-induced frameshift mutations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. World journal of gastroenterology, 2015, Jan-07, Volume: 21, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Autoantigens; Case-Control Studies; Female; Frameshift Mutation; Gen	2015

azathioprine and Genetic Predisposition

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (55)

Authors

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies

Authors	Studies
Yang, J	2
Wang, P	1
Qin, Z	1
Jia, M	1
Zhang, C	1
Tian, X	1
Zheng, Y	1
Zhang, A	1
Zhang, X	1
Liu, S	1
Tomiyoshi, K	1
Sato, H	1
Tominaga, K	1
Kawata, Y	1
Okamoto, D	2
Kakuta, Y	3
Yokoyama, J	1
Terai, S	1
Moreno Moraleda, I	1
Lázaro Sáez, M	1
Diéguez Castillo, C	1
Hernández Martínez, Á	1
Sakaguchi, H	2
Mizuochi, T	1
Haruta, M	1
Takase, R	1
Yoshida, S	1
Yamashita, Y	1
Nishikomori, R	1
Chao, K	1
Wang, X	1
Cao, Q	1
Qian, J	1
Wu, K	1
Zhu, X	1
Yang, H	1
Liang, J	1
Lin, L	1
Huang, Z	1
Zhang, Y	2
Huang, Y	1
Sun, Y	1
Xue, X	1
Huang, M	2
Hu, P	2
Lan, P	1
Gao, X	2
Adalı, G	1
Ersoy Tunalı, N	1
Yorulmaz, E	1
Tiryakioğlu, NO	1
Mungan, SG	1
Ulaşoğlu, C	1
Yılmaz Enç, F	1
Tuncer, İ	1
Yang, X	1
Xu, H	1
Yang, L	1
Kawai, Y	1
Takagawa, T	1
Ikeya, K	1
Sakuraba, H	1
Nishida, A	1
Nakagawa, S	1
Miura, M	1
Toyonaga, T	1
Onodera, K	1
Shinozaki, M	1
Ishiguro, Y	1
Mizuno, S	2
Takahara, M	1
Yanai, S	1
Hokari, R	1
Nakagawa, T	1
Araki, H	1
Motoya, S	1
Naito, T	2
Moroi, R	1
Shiga, H	2
Endo, K	2
Kobayashi, T	1
Naganuma, M	2
Hiraoka, S	1
Matsumoto, T	1
Nakamura, S	1
Nakase, H	1
Hisamatsu, T	2
Sasaki, M	1
Hanai, H	1
Andoh, A	1
Nagasaki, M	1
Kinouchi, Y	2
Shimosegawa, T	2
Masamune, A	1
Suzuki, Y	1
Weidinger, S	1
Beck, LA	1
Bieber, T	1
Kabashima, K	1
Irvine, AD	1
Akiyama, S	1
Matsuoka, K	1
Fukuda, K	1
Hamada, S	1
Shimizu, M	1
Nanki, K	1
Kiyohara, H	1
Arai, M	1
Sugimoto, S	1
Iwao, Y	1
Ogata, H	1
Motobayashi, M	1
Suzuki, K	1
Takenaka, K	1
Fujii, T	1
Saito, E	1
Nagahori, M	1
Ohtsuka, K	1
Mochizuki, M	1
Watanabe, M	1
Hashiguchi, M	1
Kanai, T	1
Buchel, OC	1
Bosch, FJ	1
Janse van Rensburg, J	1
Bezuidenhout, E	1
de Vries, CS	1
van Zyl, JH	1
Middlecote, BD	1
de K Grundling, H	1
Fevery, J	1
Cravo, ML	1
Ferreira, PA	1
Sousa, P	1
Moura-Santos, P	1
Velho, S	1
Tavares, L	1
de Deus, JR	1
Ministro, P	1
Peixe, P	1
Correia, LA	1
Velosa, JF	1
Maio, RF	1
Brito, M	1
Galatola, M	1
Miele, E	1
Strisciuglio, C	1
Paparo, L	1
Rega, D	1
Delrio, P	1
Duraturo, F	1
Martinelli, M	1
Rossi, GB	1
Staiano, A	1
Izzo, P	1
De Rosa, M	1
Heap, GA	1
Weedon, MN	1
Bewshea, CM	1
Singh, A	1
Chen, M	1
Satchwell, JB	1
Vivian, JP	1
So, K	1
Dubois, PC	1
Andrews, JM	1
Annese, V	1
Bampton, P	1
Barnardo, M	1
Bell, S	1
Cole, A	1
Connor, SJ	1
Creed, T	1
Cummings, FR	1
D'Amato, M	1
Daneshmend, TK	1
Fedorak, RN	1
Florin, TH	2
Gaya, DR	1
Greig, E	1
Halfvarson, J	1
Hart, A	1
Irving, PM	1
Jones, G	1
Karban, A	2
Lawrance, IC	1
Lee, JC	1
Lees, C	2
Lev-Tzion, R	1
Lindsay, JO	1
Mansfield, J	1
Mawdsley, J	1
Mazhar, Z	1
Parkes, M	1
Parnell, K	1
Orchard, TR	1
Radford-Smith, G	1
Russell, RK	1
Reffitt, D	1
Satsangi, J	2
Silverberg, MS	1
Sturniolo, GC	1
Tremelling, M	1
Tsianos, EV	1
van Heel, DA	1
Walsh, A	1
Watermeyer, G	1
Weersma, RK	1
Zeissig, S	1
Rossjohn, J	1
Holden, AL	1
Ahmad, T	1
Ledder, O	1
Lemberg, DA	1
Day, AS	1
Onodera, M	1
Kuroha, M	1
Kimura, T	1
Negoro, K	1
Liu, H	1
Ding, L	1
Zhang, F	1
Bi, H	1
Steponaitiene, R	1
Kupcinskas, J	1
Survilaite, S	1
Varkalaite, G	1
Jonaitis, L	1
Kiudelis, G	1
Denapiene, G	1
Valantinas, J	1
Skieceviciene, J	1
Kupcinskas, L	1
Lee, YJ	1
Hwang, EH	1
Park, JH	1
Shin, JH	1
Kang, B	1
Kim, SY	1
Liberal, R	1
Krawitt, EL	1
Vierling, JM	1
Manns, MP	1
Mieli-Vergani, G	1
Vergani, D	1
Yamamoto-Furusho, JK	1
Kaser, A	1
Tilg, H	1
Oflazer, PS	1
Gundesli, H	1
Zorludemir, S	1
Sabuncu, T	1
Dincer, P	1
Takatsu, N	1
Matsui, T	1
Murakami, Y	1
Ishihara, H	1
Hisabe, T	1
Nagahama, T	1
Maki, S	1
Beppu, T	1
Takaki, Y	1
Hirai, F	1
Yao, K	1
Weiss, B	1
Lebowitz, O	1
Fidder, HH	1
Maza, I	1
Levine, A	1
Shaoul, R	1
Reif, S	1
Bujanover, Y	1
Kolorz, M	2
Bartosova, L	2
Hosek, J	1
Dvorackova, D	1
Chylkova, A	1
Zboril, V	2
Batovsky, M	2
Bartos, M	2
Jolobe, O	1
Nagy, ZB	1
Csanád, M	1
Tóth, K	1
Börzsönyi, B	1
Demendi, C	1
Rigó, J	1
Joó, JG	1
Strassburg, CP	2
Ernst, A	1
Andersen, V	1
Ostergaard, M	1
Jacobsen, BA	1
Pedersen, IS	1
Drewes, AM	1
Okkels, H	1
Krarup, HB	1
Newman, WG	1
Payne, K	2
Tricker, K	2
Roberts, SA	2
Fargher, E	1
Pushpakom, S	1
Alder, JE	1
Sidgwick, GP	1
Payne, D	1
Elliott, RA	1
Heise, M	1
Elles, R	1
Ramsden, SC	1
Andrews, J	1
Houston, JB	1
Qasim, F	1
Shaffer, J	1
Griffiths, CE	1
Ray, DW	1
Bruce, I	2
Ollier, WE	1
Büning, C	1
Geissler, N	1
Prager, M	1
Sturm, A	1
Baumgart, DC	1
Büttner, J	1
Bühner, S	1
Haas, V	1
Lochs, H	1
Murakami, M	1
Shimane, K	1
Takahashi, H	1
Tomiyama, J	1
Nagashima, M	1
Vajro, P	1
Paolella, G	1
Wroblova, K	1
Suchankova, J	1
Ulicny, B	1
Pav, I	1
Roberts, RL	1
Barclay, ML	1
Pender, MP	1
Wolfe, NP	1
Ho, GT	1
Merk, HF	1
Allorge, D	1
Hamdan, R	1
Broly, F	1
Libersa, C	1
Colombel, JF	1
De Ridder, L	1
Van Dieren, JM	1
Van Deventer, HJ	1
Stokkers, PC	1
Van der Woude, JC	1
Van Vuuren, AJ	1
Benninga, MA	1
Escher, JC	1
Hommes, DW	1
Duley, JA	1
Marinaki, AM	1
Arenas, M	1
Murray, KF	1
Tamori, A	1
Shinzaki, M	1
Kosaka, S	1
Hayashi, T	1
Iwai, S	1
Enomoto, M	1
Habu, D	1
Kawada, N	1
Hino, M	1
Shiomi, S	1
Nishiguchi, S	1
Fargher, EA	1
Newman, W	1
Elliott, R	1
Shaffer, JL	1
Camilleri, M	1
Saito, YA	1
Ranganathan, P	1
Haller, CA	1
Markowitz, J	1
Agarwal, K	1
Czaja, AJ	2
Jones, DE	1
Donaldson, PT	1
Sebbag, L	1
Boucher, P	1
Davelu, P	1
Boissonnat, P	1
Champsaur, G	1
Ninet, J	1
Dureau, G	1
Obadia, JF	1
Vallon, JJ	1
Delaye, J	1
Al-Khalidi, JA	1
Cara Terribas, CJ	1
González Guijarro, L	1
Kuehn, F	1
Klar, E	1
Bliemeister, A	1
Linnebacher, M	1
Török, HP	1
Glas, J	1
Lohse, P	1
Folwaczny, C	1