azathioprine has been researched along with Embryopathies in 9 studies
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " During treatment with the basic drugs: gold, D-penicillamine and chloroquine, pregnancy should be avoided." | 3.65 | [Problems of rheumatic therapy in pregnancy (author's transl)]. ( Bischof, P, 1976) |
| "Pregnancy is certainly an option open to patients with myasthenia gravis." | 2.38 | Myasthenia gravis and pregnancy. ( Burke, ME, 1993) |
| "Azathioprine (AZA) is an important drug commonly used in the therapy of the autoimmune system disorders." | 1.43 | Folic Acid and Grape Seed Extract Prevent Azathioprine-induced Fetal Malformations and Renal Toxicity in Rats. ( Bayad, AE; El-Ashmawy, IM, 2016) |
| "Compared with pregnant women without lupus nephritis (n = 60), pregnancies with previous lupus nephritis (n = 35) were associated with a higher risk of maternal complications (88." | 1.38 | Impact of previous lupus nephritis on maternal and fetal outcomes during pregnancy. ( Arias-Flores, R; Cruz-Cruz, P; Cruz-Reyes, C; Jara, LJ; Romero, GT; Saavedra, MA; Vera-Lastra, O, 2012) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 5 (55.56) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 1 (11.11) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 1 (11.11) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 2 (22.22) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| El-Ashmawy, IM | 1 |
| Bayad, AE | 1 |
| Saavedra, MA | 1 |
| Cruz-Reyes, C | 1 |
| Vera-Lastra, O | 1 |
| Romero, GT | 1 |
| Cruz-Cruz, P | 1 |
| Arias-Flores, R | 1 |
| Jara, LJ | 1 |
| Petri, M | 1 |
| Burke, ME | 1 |
| Hayes, K | 1 |
| Symington, G | 1 |
| Mackay, IR | 1 |
| Bischof, P | 1 |
| Scott, JR | 1 |
| Korelitz, BI | 1 |
| Odendaal, HJ | 1 |
| King, JB | 1 |
| Oosthuizen, OJ | 1 |
2 reviews available for azathioprine and Embryopathies
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Immunosuppressive drug use in pregnancy.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Breast Feeding; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosporine; Female; Fetal | 2003 |
Myasthenia gravis and pregnancy.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Combined Modality Therapy; | 1993 |
7 other studies available for azathioprine and Embryopathies
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Folic Acid and Grape Seed Extract Prevent Azathioprine-induced Fetal Malformations and Renal Toxicity in Rats.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Azathioprine; Female; Fetal Diseases; Folic Acid; Grape Seed Extract; Kidney; | 2016 |
Impact of previous lupus nephritis on maternal and fetal outcomes during pregnancy.
Topics: Adult; Antimalarials; Azathioprine; Comorbidity; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fetal Diseases; | 2012 |
Maternal immunosuppression and cytomegalovirus infection of the fetus.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Bacterial; Azathioprine; Brain Damage, Chronic; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Femal | 1979 |
[Problems of rheumatic therapy in pregnancy (author's transl)].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Chloroquine; Female; Fetal Diseases | 1976 |
Fetal growth retardation associated with maternal administration of immunosuppressive drugs.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Body Weight; Cyclophosphamide; Depression, Chemical; Female; Fetal Diseases; | 1977 |
Pregnancy, fertility, and inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Fe | 1985 |
Severe rhesus iso-immunization successfully treated with apheresis and azathioprine. Report of 2 cases.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Isoantibodies; Plasm | 1986 |