azathioprine has been researched along with Drug Withdrawal Symptoms in 31 studies
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "In most patients with autoimmune hepatitis, remission can be maintained with prednisolone, usually in combination with azathioprine, but the majority of patients have a relapse when treatment is stopped and therefore require long-term therapy." | 9.08 | Azathioprine for long-term maintenance of remission in autoimmune hepatitis. ( Johnson, PJ; McFarlane, IG; Williams, R, 1995) |
| "The combination of cyclosporine, azathioprine and low-dose prednisolone leads to marked improvement of perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease." | 7.69 | Combination of cyclosporine, azathioprine and prednisolone for perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease. ( Aichbichler, B; Fickert, P; Hinterleitner, TA; Krejs, GJ; Petritsch, W; Ranner, G, 1997) |
| "In most patients with autoimmune hepatitis, remission can be maintained with prednisolone, usually in combination with azathioprine, but the majority of patients have a relapse when treatment is stopped and therefore require long-term therapy." | 5.08 | Azathioprine for long-term maintenance of remission in autoimmune hepatitis. ( Johnson, PJ; McFarlane, IG; Williams, R, 1995) |
| "The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term adverse effect (AE) profile of azathioprine (AZA) plus methylprednisolone combined immunosuppressive treatment in myasthenia gravis (MG) in a larger patient cohort." | 3.73 | Safety of long-term combined immunosuppressive treatment in myasthenia gravis--analysis of adverse effects of 163 patients. ( Fornadi, L; Komoly, S; Lovas, G; Rozsa, C; Szabo, G, 2006) |
| "The combination of cyclosporine, azathioprine and low-dose prednisolone leads to marked improvement of perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease." | 3.69 | Combination of cyclosporine, azathioprine and prednisolone for perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease. ( Aichbichler, B; Fickert, P; Hinterleitner, TA; Krejs, GJ; Petritsch, W; Ranner, G, 1997) |
| " The primary outcome was time to a major flare of SLE which resulted in either the institution of or an increase in the current dosage of prednisone of 10 mg/day or more, or institution of therapy with immunosuppressive agents." | 2.69 | A long-term study of hydroxychloroquine withdrawal on exacerbations in systemic lupus erythematosus. The Canadian Hydroxychloroquine Study Group. ( Choquette, D; Cividino, A; Danoff, D; Esdaile, JM; Joseph, L; Osterland, CK; Senécal, JL; Smith, CD; Tsakonas, E; Yeadon, C, 1998) |
| "A total of 79 patients with hepatitis C, B, or both, transplanted between 1973 and 1990, were grouped according to whether they had AZA either withdrawn from the immunosuppressive regimen [group (G) I, n=45] or a dosage reduction only (group II, n=34)." | 2.69 | The impact of azathioprine on chronic viral hepatitis in renal transplantation: a long-term, single-center, prospective study on azathioprine withdrawal. ( Americo da Fonseca, J; David-Neto, E; Ianhez, LE; Jota de Paula, F; Nahas, WC; Sabbaga, E, 1999) |
| "51 patients with Crohn's disease who were in good health while taking azathiprine, 2 mg/kg body-weight/day, for at least six months were allocated either to a group in which azathioprine was continued or to one in which a control tablet was substituted." | 2.64 | Double-blind withdrawal trial of azathioprine as maintenance treatment for Crohn's disease. ( Bown, RL; Dawson, AM; Lennard-Jones, JE; O'Donoghue, DP; Powell-Tuck, J, 1978) |
| "Current treatment strategies in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) include long-term treatment with corticosteroids and/or azathioprine." | 1.39 | Relapse is almost universal after withdrawal of immunosuppressive medication in patients with autoimmune hepatitis in remission. ( Beuers, U; Bouma, G; Brouwer, JT; Coenraad, MJ; de Man, RA; den Ouden, JW; Drenth, JP; Guichelaar, MM; Koek, GH; Mulder, CJ; van Buuren, HR; van Erpecum, KJ; van Gerven, NM; van Hoek, B; van Nieuwkerk, KM; Verdonk, RC; Verwer, BJ; Witte, BI, 2013) |
| "His tacrolimus dosage was decreased, and azathioprine was discontinued." | 1.33 | Tumor lysis syndrome associated with reduced immunosuppression in a lung transplant recipient. ( Deel, C; Hellman, RN; Khan, BA, 2006) |
| "Relapse of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis after drug withdrawal may relate to incomplete histological improvement during corticosteroid therapy and/or persistence of pathogenic mechanisms." | 1.32 | Histological features associated with relapse after corticosteroid withdrawal in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. ( Carpenter, HA; Czaja, AJ, 2003) |
| "Treatment with azathioprine and prednisolone for immunosuppression had been discontinued 1 year before admission." | 1.28 | Idiopathic portal hypertension in a renal transplant patient after long-term azathioprine therapy. ( Becker, K; Brauer, M; Classen, M; Lorenz, R; Tornieporth, N, 1992) |
| "Azathioprine was withdrawn from five recipients after renal transplantation because of hepatic damage." | 1.26 | Acute irreversible rejection after withdrawal of azathioprine in renal allograft recipients. ( Hata, J; Hida, M; Nakamura, K; Nakayama, M; Saitoh, H; Satoh, T; Shinbo, T; Shiramizu, T; Tsuji, K, 1981) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 11 (35.48) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 13 (41.94) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 5 (16.13) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 2 (6.45) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Kabaçam, G | 1 |
| Törüner, M | 1 |
| Cassinotti, A | 1 |
| Actis, GC | 1 |
| Duca, P | 1 |
| Massari, A | 1 |
| Colombo, E | 1 |
| Gai, E | 1 |
| Annese, V | 1 |
| D'Albasio, G | 1 |
| Manes, G | 1 |
| Travis, S | 1 |
| Porro, GB | 1 |
| Ardizzone, S | 1 |
| van Gerven, NM | 1 |
| Verwer, BJ | 1 |
| Witte, BI | 1 |
| van Hoek, B | 1 |
| Coenraad, MJ | 1 |
| van Erpecum, KJ | 1 |
| Beuers, U | 1 |
| van Buuren, HR | 1 |
| de Man, RA | 1 |
| Drenth, JP | 1 |
| den Ouden, JW | 1 |
| Verdonk, RC | 1 |
| Koek, GH | 1 |
| Brouwer, JT | 1 |
| Guichelaar, MM | 1 |
| Mulder, CJ | 1 |
| van Nieuwkerk, KM | 1 |
| Bouma, G | 1 |
| Czaja, AJ | 1 |
| Carpenter, HA | 1 |
| Schulak, JA | 2 |
| Rozsa, C | 1 |
| Lovas, G | 1 |
| Fornadi, L | 1 |
| Szabo, G | 1 |
| Komoly, S | 1 |
| Khan, BA | 1 |
| Deel, C | 1 |
| Hellman, RN | 1 |
| Ozaki, A | 1 |
| Iwasaki, Y | 1 |
| Miyajima, T | 1 |
| Shiramizu, T | 1 |
| Nakamura, K | 1 |
| Hida, M | 1 |
| Shinbo, T | 1 |
| Nakayama, M | 1 |
| Saitoh, H | 1 |
| Satoh, T | 1 |
| Hata, J | 1 |
| Tsuji, K | 1 |
| Johnson, PJ | 1 |
| McFarlane, IG | 1 |
| Williams, R | 1 |
| Heim-Duthoy, KL | 1 |
| Chitwood, KK | 1 |
| Tortorice, KL | 1 |
| Massy, ZA | 1 |
| Kasiske, BL | 1 |
| Sandborn, WJ | 1 |
| Hay, JE | 1 |
| Porayko, MK | 1 |
| Gores, GJ | 1 |
| Steers, JL | 1 |
| Krom, RA | 1 |
| Wiesner, RH | 1 |
| Offermann, G | 2 |
| Schwarz, A | 2 |
| Krause, PH | 2 |
| Padbury, RT | 1 |
| Gunson, BK | 1 |
| Dousset, B | 1 |
| Hubscher, SG | 1 |
| Buckels, JA | 1 |
| Neuberger, JM | 1 |
| Elias, E | 1 |
| McMaster, P | 1 |
| Hricik, DE | 1 |
| Seliga, RM | 1 |
| Fleming-Brooks, S | 1 |
| Bartucci, MR | 1 |
| Flachenecker, P | 1 |
| Hartung, HP | 1 |
| Ratcliffe, PJ | 1 |
| Dudley, CR | 1 |
| Higgins, RM | 1 |
| Firth, JD | 1 |
| Smith, B | 1 |
| Morris, PJ | 1 |
| Goldman, MH | 1 |
| Davis, B | 1 |
| Cruz, E | 1 |
| Miller, P | 1 |
| Stevens, SL | 1 |
| Freeman, MB | 1 |
| Tyler, JD | 1 |
| Hinterleitner, TA | 1 |
| Petritsch, W | 1 |
| Aichbichler, B | 1 |
| Fickert, P | 1 |
| Ranner, G | 1 |
| Krejs, GJ | 1 |
| Tsakonas, E | 1 |
| Joseph, L | 1 |
| Esdaile, JM | 1 |
| Choquette, D | 1 |
| Senécal, JL | 1 |
| Cividino, A | 1 |
| Danoff, D | 1 |
| Osterland, CK | 1 |
| Yeadon, C | 1 |
| Smith, CD | 1 |
| David-Neto, E | 1 |
| Americo da Fonseca, J | 1 |
| Jota de Paula, F | 1 |
| Nahas, WC | 1 |
| Sabbaga, E | 1 |
| Ianhez, LE | 1 |
| Schmidt, P | 2 |
| Kopsa, H | 2 |
| Zazgornik, J | 2 |
| Pils, P | 2 |
| Balcke, P | 2 |
| O'Donoghue, DP | 1 |
| Dawson, AM | 1 |
| Powell-Tuck, J | 1 |
| Bown, RL | 1 |
| Lennard-Jones, JE | 1 |
| Dandavino, R | 1 |
| Trunet, P | 1 |
| Descamps, B | 1 |
| Kreis, H | 1 |
| Toussaint, C | 1 |
| Kinnaert, P | 1 |
| Vereerstraeten, P | 1 |
| Dupont, E | 1 |
| Van Geertruyden, J | 1 |
| Lorenz, R | 1 |
| Brauer, M | 1 |
| Classen, M | 1 |
| Tornieporth, N | 1 |
| Becker, K | 1 |
| Johann, D | 1 |
| Neumayer, HH | 1 |
| Scholle, J | 1 |
| Stratta, RJ | 1 |
| Armbrust, MJ | 1 |
| Oh, CS | 1 |
| Pirsch, JD | 1 |
| Kalayoglu, M | 1 |
| Sollinger, HW | 1 |
| Belzer, FO | 1 |
| Mieny, CJ | 1 |
| Nel, PJ | 1 |
| Becker, JH | 1 |
| Pretorius, JP | 1 |
| Karusseit, VO | 1 |
| Brooke, BN | 1 |
| Javett, SL | 1 |
| Davison, OW | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multicenter, Nationwide, Observational, Retrospective and Prospective Study Based on the Development of a Autoimmune Hepatitis Patient's Database Linked to a Biological Sample Storage[NCT06078098] | 10,000 participants (Anticipated) | Observational [Patient Registry] | 2023-03-29 | Recruiting | |||
| Relevance of Monitoring Blood Levels Compared to Salivar Levels of Drugs Used in Rheumatic Autoimmune Diseases: Adherence and Understanding the Possible Underlying Mechanisms Involved in Effectiveness and in Adverse Effects[NCT03122431] | Phase 4 | 93 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-06-05 | Completed | ||
| Hydroxychloroquine Exposure in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)[NCT03802188] | 3,700 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2018-05-09 | Recruiting | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
Serum levels of hydroxycloroquine by LCMS (NCT03122431)
Timeframe: 12 months
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Inactive SLE With Standard Dose of HCQ | 991.6 |
| Inactive SLE With Reduced Dose of HCQ | 569.0 |
Serum levels of thalidomide by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) (NCT03122431)
Timeframe: 12 months
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| SLE/Cutaneous Lupus With Thalidomide | 415.1 |
2 reviews available for azathioprine and Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Can azathioprine 6-mercaptopurine treatment be withdrawn in patients with response in ulcerative colitis: what is the most appropriate time for this?
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Substance Withd | 2012 |
Steroid immunosuppression in kidney transplantation: a passing era.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Blood Pressure; Cyclosporine; Diabetes Mellitus; Graft Reject | 2004 |
6 trials available for azathioprine and Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Azathioprine for long-term maintenance of remission in autoimmune hepatitis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arthralgia; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Disease-Free Survival; Femal | 1995 |
Randomised controlled trial of steroid withdrawal in renal transplant recipients receiving triple immunosuppression.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Cadaver; Creatinine; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gra | 1996 |
Effects of azathioprine withdrawal in kidney recipients with stable function two years after transplant.
Topics: Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Graft Rejection; Hematocrit; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney | 1996 |
A long-term study of hydroxychloroquine withdrawal on exacerbations in systemic lupus erythematosus. The Canadian Hydroxychloroquine Study Group.
Topics: Adult; Antimalarials; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hydroxychlo | 1998 |
A long-term study of hydroxychloroquine withdrawal on exacerbations in systemic lupus erythematosus. The Canadian Hydroxychloroquine Study Group.
Topics: Adult; Antimalarials; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hydroxychlo | 1998 |
A long-term study of hydroxychloroquine withdrawal on exacerbations in systemic lupus erythematosus. The Canadian Hydroxychloroquine Study Group.
Topics: Adult; Antimalarials; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hydroxychlo | 1998 |
A long-term study of hydroxychloroquine withdrawal on exacerbations in systemic lupus erythematosus. The Canadian Hydroxychloroquine Study Group.
Topics: Adult; Antimalarials; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hydroxychlo | 1998 |
The impact of azathioprine on chronic viral hepatitis in renal transplantation: a long-term, single-center, prospective study on azathioprine withdrawal.
Topics: Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Azathioprine; Bilirubin; Disease Progression; Dose-Response Relationshi | 1999 |
Double-blind withdrawal trial of azathioprine as maintenance treatment for Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Double-Blind Method; Drug Evalua | 1978 |
23 other studies available for azathioprine and Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Maintenance treatment with azathioprine in ulcerative colitis: outcome and predictive factors after drug withdrawal.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Colitis, Ulcerative; Dose-Response Relati | 2009 |
Relapse is almost universal after withdrawal of immunosuppressive medication in patients with autoimmune hepatitis in remission.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Child; Female; Follow-Up Studies; He | 2013 |
Histological features associated with relapse after corticosteroid withdrawal in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hepatitis, Autoimmu | 2003 |
Safety of long-term combined immunosuppressive treatment in myasthenia gravis--analysis of adverse effects of 163 patients.
Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Longitudinal Stud | 2006 |
Tumor lysis syndrome associated with reduced immunosuppression in a lung transplant recipient.
Topics: Aged; Azathioprine; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Liver Transplantation; Lymphopr | 2006 |
Withdrawal of azathioprine after renal transplantation.
Topics: Azathioprine; Creatinine; Humans; Immunoglobulin Idiotypes; Kidney Transplantation; Liver Diseases; | 1980 |
Acute irreversible rejection after withdrawal of azathioprine in renal allograft recipients.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Graft Rejection; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Substance Withdrawal Syn | 1981 |
Elective cyclosporine withdrawal 1 year after renal transplantation.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Graft Reject | 1994 |
Cyclosporine withdrawal for nephrotoxicity in liver transplant recipients does not result in sustained improvement in kidney function and causes cellular and ductopenic rejection.
Topics: Azathioprine; Creatinine; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Graft | 1994 |
Long-term effects of steroid withdrawal in kidney transplantation.
Topics: Azathioprine; Creatinine; Cyclosporine; Graft Rejection; Graft Survival; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Tran | 1993 |
Steroid withdrawal from long-term immunosuppression in liver allograft recipients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Dose-Response Relation | 1993 |
Determinants of long-term allograft function following steroid withdrawal in renal transplant recipients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Follow-Up Studies | 1995 |
[EDMUS--a new European databank for multiple sclerosis. A brief introduction of ongoing and planned multicenter studies within the scope of the "European Concentrated Action for Multiple Sclerosis"].
Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Databases, Factual; Disability Evaluation; Europe; European | 1996 |
Combination of cyclosporine, azathioprine and prednisolone for perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administrat | 1997 |
Renal graft acceptance without azathioprine.
Topics: Azathioprine; Graft Survival; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Transpl | 1978 |
Prolonged withdrawal of azathioprine in kidney transplantation.
Topics: Azathioprine; Creatinine; Graft Survival; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Lymphocyte Activation; Lym | 1978 |
Azathioprine is necessary in kidney transplantation.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Graft Survival; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Middle Aged; Subs | 1979 |
Cadaveric renal graft acceptance without azathioprine.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cadaver; Creatinine; Female; Graft Rejection; Graft Survival; Hematologic Diseases; He | 1979 |
Idiopathic portal hypertension in a renal transplant patient after long-term azathioprine therapy.
Topics: Angiography; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Esophageal and Gastric Varices; Graft Rejection; Humans; Hyperten | 1992 |
Late conversion from steroids to azathioprine in cyclosporin-treated renal graft recipients.
Topics: Azathioprine; Biopsy; Cyclosporins; Graft Rejection; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transp | 1989 |
Withdrawal of steroid immunosuppression in renal transplant recipients.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclosporins; Female; Graft Rejection; Haplotypes; Histocompatibility Testing; | 1988 |
Conversion from cyclosporin to azathioprine 3 months after renal transplantation--is it safe?
Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclosporins; Graft Survival; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Substance Withdrawal Syn | 1987 |
Further experience with azathioprine for Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Intestinal Fistula; Klebsiella Infec | 1970 |