azathioprine has been researched along with Disease Exacerbation in 202 studies
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " This study was undertaken to determine whether the addition of azathioprine (AZA) to glucocorticoids could achieve a higher sustained remission rate of newly diagnosed nonsevere eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss) (EGPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), or polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)." | 9.24 | Adding Azathioprine to Remission-Induction Glucocorticoids for Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss), Microscopic Polyangiitis, or Polyarteritis Nodosa Without Poor Prognosis Factors: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. ( Agard, C; Baron, G; Bienvenu, B; Bourgarit, A; Cohen, P; Crestani, B; Delbrel, X; Diot, E; Geffray, L; Godmer, P; Groh, M; Guillevin, L; Le Guern, V; Le Jeunne, C; Lifermann, F; Limal, N; Liozon, E; Mékinian, A; Mouthon, L; Néel, A; Pagnoux, C; Papo, T; Puéchal, X; Quémeneur, T; Ravaud, P; Ruivard, M; Ruppert, AM; Sailler, L; Saraux, JL; Terrier, B, 2017) |
| "To report the 10-year follow-up of the MAINTAIN Nephritis Trial comparing azathioprine (AZA) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as maintenance therapy of proliferative lupus nephritis, and to test different definitions of early response as predictors of long-term renal outcome." | 9.22 | Long-term follow-up of the MAINTAIN Nephritis Trial, comparing azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil as maintenance therapy of lupus nephritis. ( Ayala Guttierez, Mdel M; Blockmans, D; Cervera, R; D'Cruz, D; Depresseux, G; Fiehn, C; Gilboe, IM; Guillevin, L; Houssiau, FA; le Guern, V; Ravelingien, I; Remy, P; Sangle, S; Tamirou, F; Tektonidou, M; Vasconcelos, C, 2016) |
| "To compare the efficacy of tacrolimus (TAC) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for the initial therapy of lupus nephritis (LN)." | 9.22 | Tacrolimus versus mycophenolate mofetil for induction therapy of lupus nephritis: a randomised controlled trial and long-term follow-up. ( Mok, CC; Ng, WL; Siu, YP; To, CH; Tong, KH; Yim, CW; Ying, KY, 2016) |
| "In our initial double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned patients who had idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with mild-to-moderate impairment in pulmonary function to receive a three-drug regimen of prednisone, azathioprine, and acetylcysteine; acetylcysteine alone; or placebo." | 9.19 | Randomized trial of acetylcysteine in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. ( Anstrom, KJ; de Andrade, JA; King, TE; Martinez, FJ; Raghu, G, 2014) |
| "In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we assigned patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who had mild-to-moderate lung-function impairment to one of three groups -- receiving a combination of prednisone, azathioprine, and NAC (combination therapy), NAC alone, or placebo -- in a 1:1:1 ratio." | 9.16 | Prednisone, azathioprine, and N-acetylcysteine for pulmonary fibrosis. ( Anstrom, KJ; King, TE; Lasky, JA; Martinez, FJ; Raghu, G, 2012) |
| "In the original 2-year ASA study, 181 patients with early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis were randomised into 3 treatment arms: those treated with interferon beta (n=60), with interferon beta and low-dose azathioprine (n=58), and interferon beta, azathioprine and low-dose prednisone (n=63)." | 9.16 | Interferon, azathioprine and corticosteroids in multiple sclerosis: 6-year follow-up of the ASA cohort. ( Dolezal, O; Havrdova, E; Horakova, D; Kalincik, T; Krasensky, J; Seidl, Z; Vaneckova, M, 2012) |
| "To analyze the effect of treatment with either pulse cyclophosphamide (CYC) or azathioprine (AZA) combined with methylprednisolone (MP), on serial biopsy results in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis, and to evaluate the predictive value of various histopathologic and clinical parameters with regard to disease outcome." | 9.12 | Treatment with cyclophosphamide delays the progression of chronic lesions more effectively than does treatment with azathioprine plus methylprednisolone in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis. ( Bajema, IM; Berden, JH; Bijl, M; Derksen, RH; Florquin, S; Goldschmeding, R; Grootscholten, C; Hagen, EC; Peutz-Kootstra, CJ; Steenbergen, EJ; Van Houwelingen, HC, 2007) |
| " In a multicenter, prospectively randomized study we compared efficacy and side effects of a dexamethasone-cyclophosphamide (D/C) pulse therapy with a methylprednisolone-azathioprine (M/A) therapy in 22 patients with newly diagnosed pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus." | 9.11 | Intravenous dexamethasone-cyclophosphamide pulse therapy in comparison with oral methylprednisolone-azathioprine therapy in patients with pemphigus: results of a multicenter prospectively randomized study. ( Bröcker, EB; Haustein, UF; Linse, R; Rose, E; Wever, S; Zilliken, D, 2005) |
| "We analyzed 158 patients with neuromyelitis optica regarding disease course, prognostic factors, and treatment response to azathioprine, a widely available low-cost drug." | 7.91 | Treating neuromyelitis optica with azathioprine: 20-year clinical practice. ( Bichuetti, DB; Oliveira, EML; Perin, MMM; Souza, NA, 2019) |
| "Azathioprine is used for immunosuppression in myasthenia gravis (MG)." | 7.81 | Brainstem lymphoma in a myasthenia gravis patient on azathioprine. ( Katirji, B; Termsarasab, P, 2015) |
| "An 11-year-old girl with a calpain-3 gene (CAPN-3) mutation and eosinophilic myositis on muscle biopsy had high serum CK levels and eosinophil counts which showed spontaneous fluctuations." | 7.75 | Eosinophilic myositis in calpainopathy: could immunosuppression of the eosinophilic myositis alter the early natural course of the dystrophic disease? ( Dincer, P; Gundesli, H; Oflazer, PS; Sabuncu, T; Zorludemir, S, 2009) |
| "A woman with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) was treated with oral azathioprine (AZA) for 4 years and subsequently switched to interferon-beta1a." | 7.73 | Rapid progression of Myelodysplastic syndrome to acute myeloid leukemia on sequential azathioprine, IFN-beta and copolymer-1 in a patient with multiple sclerosis. ( Al-Ali, HK; Niederwieser, D; Niklas, A; Schwarz, J; Strauss, A; Then Bergh, F; von Ahsen, N; Wagner, A, 2006) |
| " We report the successful use of oral cyclophosphamide, followed by azathioprine maintenance, in the treatment of a patient with dermatomyositis-related rapidly deteriorating ILD, resistant to steroid." | 7.72 | Successful treatment of dermatomyositis-related rapidly progressive interstitial pneumonitis with sequential oral cyclophosphamide and azathioprine. ( Mok, CC; Szeto, ML; To, CH, 2003) |
| "Maintenance therapy for lupus nephritis (LN) remains controversial." | 6.61 | Maintenance therapy for lupus nephritis with mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine. A meta-analysis . ( Deng, J; Luo, L; Xie, H; Zhu, L, 2019) |
| "However, the cumulative ESRD-free survival rate was lower in patients who received TAC after AZA than in those who received AZA alone (P = ." | 5.62 | Efficacy of tacrolimus as maintenance therapy after cyclophosphamide for treating antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. ( Ahn, SS; Lee, LE; Lee, SW; Park, YB; Pyo, JY; Song, JJ, 2021) |
| "Lymphopenia is a recognized effect of this treatment, but lymphopenia-related complications in IBD patients have not been widely reported." | 5.37 | Natural history of azathioprine-associated lymphopenia in inflammatory bowel disease patients: a prospective observational study. ( Al Rifai, A; Campbell, S; McBurney, H; Newman, W; Prasad, N; Pushpakom, S; Robinson, A; Shuttleworth, E, 2011) |
| " This study was undertaken to determine whether the addition of azathioprine (AZA) to glucocorticoids could achieve a higher sustained remission rate of newly diagnosed nonsevere eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss) (EGPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), or polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)." | 5.24 | Adding Azathioprine to Remission-Induction Glucocorticoids for Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss), Microscopic Polyangiitis, or Polyarteritis Nodosa Without Poor Prognosis Factors: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. ( Agard, C; Baron, G; Bienvenu, B; Bourgarit, A; Cohen, P; Crestani, B; Delbrel, X; Diot, E; Geffray, L; Godmer, P; Groh, M; Guillevin, L; Le Guern, V; Le Jeunne, C; Lifermann, F; Limal, N; Liozon, E; Mékinian, A; Mouthon, L; Néel, A; Pagnoux, C; Papo, T; Puéchal, X; Quémeneur, T; Ravaud, P; Ruivard, M; Ruppert, AM; Sailler, L; Saraux, JL; Terrier, B, 2017) |
| "To compare the efficacy of tacrolimus (TAC) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for the initial therapy of lupus nephritis (LN)." | 5.22 | Tacrolimus versus mycophenolate mofetil for induction therapy of lupus nephritis: a randomised controlled trial and long-term follow-up. ( Mok, CC; Ng, WL; Siu, YP; To, CH; Tong, KH; Yim, CW; Ying, KY, 2016) |
| "To report the 10-year follow-up of the MAINTAIN Nephritis Trial comparing azathioprine (AZA) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as maintenance therapy of proliferative lupus nephritis, and to test different definitions of early response as predictors of long-term renal outcome." | 5.22 | Long-term follow-up of the MAINTAIN Nephritis Trial, comparing azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil as maintenance therapy of lupus nephritis. ( Ayala Guttierez, Mdel M; Blockmans, D; Cervera, R; D'Cruz, D; Depresseux, G; Fiehn, C; Gilboe, IM; Guillevin, L; Houssiau, FA; le Guern, V; Ravelingien, I; Remy, P; Sangle, S; Tamirou, F; Tektonidou, M; Vasconcelos, C, 2016) |
| "In our initial double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned patients who had idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with mild-to-moderate impairment in pulmonary function to receive a three-drug regimen of prednisone, azathioprine, and acetylcysteine; acetylcysteine alone; or placebo." | 5.19 | Randomized trial of acetylcysteine in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. ( Anstrom, KJ; de Andrade, JA; King, TE; Martinez, FJ; Raghu, G, 2014) |
| "In the original 2-year ASA study, 181 patients with early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis were randomised into 3 treatment arms: those treated with interferon beta (n=60), with interferon beta and low-dose azathioprine (n=58), and interferon beta, azathioprine and low-dose prednisone (n=63)." | 5.16 | Interferon, azathioprine and corticosteroids in multiple sclerosis: 6-year follow-up of the ASA cohort. ( Dolezal, O; Havrdova, E; Horakova, D; Kalincik, T; Krasensky, J; Seidl, Z; Vaneckova, M, 2012) |
| "In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we assigned patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who had mild-to-moderate lung-function impairment to one of three groups -- receiving a combination of prednisone, azathioprine, and NAC (combination therapy), NAC alone, or placebo -- in a 1:1:1 ratio." | 5.16 | Prednisone, azathioprine, and N-acetylcysteine for pulmonary fibrosis. ( Anstrom, KJ; King, TE; Lasky, JA; Martinez, FJ; Raghu, G, 2012) |
| "To analyze the effect of treatment with either pulse cyclophosphamide (CYC) or azathioprine (AZA) combined with methylprednisolone (MP), on serial biopsy results in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis, and to evaluate the predictive value of various histopathologic and clinical parameters with regard to disease outcome." | 5.12 | Treatment with cyclophosphamide delays the progression of chronic lesions more effectively than does treatment with azathioprine plus methylprednisolone in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis. ( Bajema, IM; Berden, JH; Bijl, M; Derksen, RH; Florquin, S; Goldschmeding, R; Grootscholten, C; Hagen, EC; Peutz-Kootstra, CJ; Steenbergen, EJ; Van Houwelingen, HC, 2007) |
| " In a multicenter, prospectively randomized study we compared efficacy and side effects of a dexamethasone-cyclophosphamide (D/C) pulse therapy with a methylprednisolone-azathioprine (M/A) therapy in 22 patients with newly diagnosed pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus." | 5.11 | Intravenous dexamethasone-cyclophosphamide pulse therapy in comparison with oral methylprednisolone-azathioprine therapy in patients with pemphigus: results of a multicenter prospectively randomized study. ( Bröcker, EB; Haustein, UF; Linse, R; Rose, E; Wever, S; Zilliken, D, 2005) |
| "We analyzed 158 patients with neuromyelitis optica regarding disease course, prognostic factors, and treatment response to azathioprine, a widely available low-cost drug." | 3.91 | Treating neuromyelitis optica with azathioprine: 20-year clinical practice. ( Bichuetti, DB; Oliveira, EML; Perin, MMM; Souza, NA, 2019) |
| "Children with IgA nephropathy showing diffuse (>80%) mesangial proliferation are at high risk for end-stage renal failure (ESRF)." | 3.85 | Long-term results of a randomized controlled trial in childhood IgA nephropathy. ( Hataya, H; Honda, M; Iijima, K; Ishikura, K; Ito, S; Kamei, K; Nakanishi, K; Saito, M; Sako, M; Yoshikawa, N, 2011) |
| "Azathioprine is used for immunosuppression in myasthenia gravis (MG)." | 3.81 | Brainstem lymphoma in a myasthenia gravis patient on azathioprine. ( Katirji, B; Termsarasab, P, 2015) |
| " Combined immunosuppressive therapy with prednisone and cyclophosphamide might be needed to treat recurrent thrombosis due to Behçet disease." | 3.80 | Recurrent right atrial thrombosis due to Behçet disease. ( Fukuda, K; Kuno, T; Kuwana, M; Murata, M; Ono, T; Satoh, T; Tamura, Y, 2014) |
| " Despite intensive therapies including corticosteroids and azathioprine, marked progression of the ulcers was noted and large areas of necrosis appeared." | 3.78 | [Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa--is it really benign?]. ( Berman, E; Halevy, S; Horev, A; Shavit, E, 2012) |
| "An 11-year-old girl with a calpain-3 gene (CAPN-3) mutation and eosinophilic myositis on muscle biopsy had high serum CK levels and eosinophil counts which showed spontaneous fluctuations." | 3.75 | Eosinophilic myositis in calpainopathy: could immunosuppression of the eosinophilic myositis alter the early natural course of the dystrophic disease? ( Dincer, P; Gundesli, H; Oflazer, PS; Sabuncu, T; Zorludemir, S, 2009) |
| "One hundred twenty-eight patients with pemphigus vulgaris, treated with prednisolone 2 mg/kg/day plus azathioprine 2 to 2." | 3.74 | Outcome of pemphigus vulgaris. ( Abedini, R; Chams-Davatchi, C; Daneshpazhooh, M; Farahani, F; Kavusi, S; Lajevardi, V, 2008) |
| "A woman with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) was treated with oral azathioprine (AZA) for 4 years and subsequently switched to interferon-beta1a." | 3.73 | Rapid progression of Myelodysplastic syndrome to acute myeloid leukemia on sequential azathioprine, IFN-beta and copolymer-1 in a patient with multiple sclerosis. ( Al-Ali, HK; Niederwieser, D; Niklas, A; Schwarz, J; Strauss, A; Then Bergh, F; von Ahsen, N; Wagner, A, 2006) |
| " We report the successful use of oral cyclophosphamide, followed by azathioprine maintenance, in the treatment of a patient with dermatomyositis-related rapidly deteriorating ILD, resistant to steroid." | 3.72 | Successful treatment of dermatomyositis-related rapidly progressive interstitial pneumonitis with sequential oral cyclophosphamide and azathioprine. ( Mok, CC; Szeto, ML; To, CH, 2003) |
| " The intracystic hemorrhage in our case may have been related to a rapid tumor growth due to weakened antitumor immunity and azathioprine-induced pancreatitis." | 3.70 | Intracystic hemorrhage of pancreatic serous cystadenoma after renal transplantation: report of a case. ( Baba, S; Fujita, K; Harada, M; Ishikawa, A; Konno, H; Nakamura, S; Sakaguchi, T; Suzuki, K; Suzuki, S; Ushiyama, T, 2000) |
| "slows down) disease progression in terms of vital capacity (VC) (+9%) and diffusing capacity (DLco) (+24%) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)." | 2.74 | Lung function in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis--extended analyses of the IFIGENIA trial. ( Behr, J; Boissard, G; Buhl, R; Costabel, U; De Vuyst, P; Dekhuijzen, RP; Demedts, M; Flower, CD; Jansen, HM; Lankhorst, I; Laurent, F; MacNee, W; Nicholson, AG; Petruzzelli, S; Rodriguez-Becerra, E; Sardina, M; Thomeer, M; van den Bosch, JM; Verbeken, EK; Verschakelen, J; Wallaert, B, 2009) |
| "Proteinuria has significantly reduced in 10 patients, and only four patients still have nephrotic-range proteinuria." | 2.69 | Treatment of renal failure in idiopathic membranous nephropathy with azathioprine and prednisolone. ( Brown, JH; Doherty, CC; Douglas, AF; Hill, CM; McNamee, PT; Murphy, BG; Nelson, WE, 1998) |
| "A total of 79 patients with hepatitis C, B, or both, transplanted between 1973 and 1990, were grouped according to whether they had AZA either withdrawn from the immunosuppressive regimen [group (G) I, n=45] or a dosage reduction only (group II, n=34)." | 2.69 | The impact of azathioprine on chronic viral hepatitis in renal transplantation: a long-term, single-center, prospective study on azathioprine withdrawal. ( Americo da Fonseca, J; David-Neto, E; Ianhez, LE; Jota de Paula, F; Nahas, WC; Sabbaga, E, 1999) |
| "Maintenance therapy for lupus nephritis (LN) remains controversial." | 2.61 | Maintenance therapy for lupus nephritis with mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine. A meta-analysis . ( Deng, J; Luo, L; Xie, H; Zhu, L, 2019) |
| "Autoimmune hepatitis is a rare and chronic liver disease that is characterised by increased serum transaminases and immunoglobulin G, inflammatory liver histology and presence of circulating autoantibodies." | 2.61 | Clinical management of autoimmune hepatitis. ( Gevers, TJ; Pape, S; Schramm, C, 2019) |
| " These studies provide a compelling case for a re-evaluation of the long-term use of glucocorticoids in SLE, focusing on minimizing glucocorticoid exposure as part of the strategy to improve long-term outcomes." | 2.55 | It hasn't gone away: the problem of glucocorticoid use in lupus remains. ( Apostolopoulos, D; Morand, EF, 2017) |
| "Therapy of lupus nephritis should be individually tailored; more aggressive therapy should be reserved for patients at high risk for renal dysfunction and its progression." | 2.48 | Recent news in the treatment of lupus nephritis. ( Hruskova, Z; Tesar, V, 2012) |
| "Proliferative lupus nephritis is a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus." | 2.48 | Dutch guidelines for diagnosis and therapy of proliferative lupus nephritis. ( Berden, JH; Berger, SP; Bijl, M; de Sévaux, RG; Derksen, RH; van Tellingen, A; Vervloet, MG; Voskuyl, AE, 2012) |
| "Without prompt immunosuppressive treatment, autoimmune hepatitis is a devastating, albeit rare, liver disease." | 2.47 | Pharmacological management of autoimmune hepatitis. ( Mieli-Vergani, G; Vergani, D, 2011) |
| "Interstitial lung disease is commonly associated with the autoimmune inflammatory myopathies dermatomyositis and polymyositis and accounts for significant morbidity and mortality in these conditions." | 2.46 | Interstitial lung disease associated with the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: what progress has been made in the past 35 years? ( Christopher-Stine, L; Connors, GR; Danoff, SK; Oddis, CV, 2010) |
| "The treatment of lupus nephritis has changed significantly over the past decade in large part because of data from well-conducted randomized clinical trials." | 2.46 | Updates on the treatment of lupus nephritis. ( Appel, GB; Bomback, AS, 2010) |
| "The treatment of autoimmune hepatitis is evolving as the pathogenic pathways that underlie the disease are defined, new immunosuppressive agents are tested, and site-specific molecular interventions become feasible." | 2.44 | Current therapy for autoimmune hepatitis. ( Czaja, AJ; Montano Loza, AJ, 2007) |
| "Dermatomyositis is characterized by marked clinical heterogeneity." | 2.43 | [The clinical spectrum of dermatomyositis]. ( Genth, E; Hunzelmann, N; Kaufmann, J; Krieg, T, 2005) |
| "Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic inflammatory liver disease that responds well to prednisone alone or in combination with azathioprine." | 2.42 | Autoimmune hepatitis. Making sense of all those antibodies. ( Luxon, BA, 2003) |
| "In this consecutive autoimmune hepatitis cohort, mortality was similar to that in national registry studies, disease progression continued after 20 years, and immunosuppression withdrawal did not compromise survival." | 1.91 | Long-term Outcome of Autoimmune Hepatitis: Consecutive Patient Cohort and Data on the Second Twenty Years. ( Dhaliwal, H; Dube, A; Gleeson, D; Harrison, L; Hoeroldt, B; Wadland, E, 2023) |
| "Infection and disease exacerbation are the leading reasons for ICU admission in systemic rheumatic diseases." | 1.72 | Determination of the main causes, outcome, and prognostic factors of patients with rheumatologic diseases admitted to the medical intensive care unit in Southern Iran. ( Arjmand, M; Fallahi, MJ; Shahriarirad, R; Shenavandeh, S, 2022) |
| "However, the cumulative ESRD-free survival rate was lower in patients who received TAC after AZA than in those who received AZA alone (P = ." | 1.62 | Efficacy of tacrolimus as maintenance therapy after cyclophosphamide for treating antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. ( Ahn, SS; Lee, LE; Lee, SW; Park, YB; Pyo, JY; Song, JJ, 2021) |
| "Eosinophilic fasciitis is a rare disease from the group of scleroderma-like connective tissue diseases with unclear etiopathogenesis." | 1.56 | Eosinophilic Fasciitis - Clinical Features and Therapeutic Management. ( Bergler-Czop, B; Bilewicz-Stebel, M; Matuszewska, A; Stebel, R; Weryńska-Kalemba, M, 2020) |
| "We recruited 104 patients with lupus nephritis." | 1.56 | The Prevalence and Causes of Non-adherence to Immunosuppressive Medications in Patients with Lupus Nephritis Flares. ( Abdelaziz, TS; Ali, AY; Behiry, ME, 2020) |
| "Aquaporin-4-IgG positive (AQP4-IgG+) Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) is an uncommon central nervous system autoimmune disorder." | 1.56 | Clinical and therapeutic predictors of disease outcomes in AQP4-IgG+ neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. ( Al-Harbi, T; Alroughani, R; Altintas, A; Bergamaschi, R; Boz, C; Butzkueven, H; Csepany, T; Eichau, S; Ferraro, D; Fragoso, Y; Grand'Maison, F; Granella, F; Havrdova, EK; Hor, JY; Izquierdo, G; Kalincik, T; Karabudak, R; Kister, I; Kunchok, A; Laureys, G; Lechner-Scott, J; Lugaresi, A; Malpas, C; Marriott, M; McCombe, P; Nytrova, P; Olascoaga, J; Onofrj, M; Oreja-Guevara, C; Ozakbas, S; Patti, F; Pucci, E; Simo, M; Singhal, B; Sola, P; Soysal, A; Terzi, M; Trojano, M; Turkoglu, R; Vucic, S; Yamout, B, 2020) |
| "Lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (LEDVT) is a serious complication of Behçet's syndrome." | 1.56 | Clinical course of acute deep vein thrombosis of the legs in Behçet's syndrome. ( Cetinkaya, F; Hamuryudan, V; Hatemi, G; Melikoglu, M; Ozguler, Y; Seyahi, E; Tascilar, K; Ugurlu, S; Yazici, H, 2020) |
| "Childhood chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare condition, and the optimal treatment strategy is not well established, especially in refractory cases." | 1.51 | Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: Plasmapheresis or cyclosporine can be good treatment options in refractory cases. ( Chae, JH; Choi, J; Choi, SA; Hwang, H; Kim, H; Kim, KJ; Kim, SY; Kim, W; Lim, BC; Shim, YK, 2019) |
| "Despite advances in understanding and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis, important unmet clinical needs remain in both adult and paediatric patient populations." | 1.48 | Unmet needs and new models for future trials in autoimmune hepatitis. ( Jones, D; Manns, MP; Terracciano, L; Torbenson, M; Vierling, JM, 2018) |
| "The progression to liver cirrhosis or its complications was significantly less frequent in acute onset AIH (13% vs." | 1.48 | Clinical and prognostic implications of acute onset of Autoimmune Hepatitis: An Italian multicentre study. ( Bianchi, G; Carbone, M; Cazzagon, N; Floreani, A; Invernizzi, P; Lalanne, C; Lenzi, M; Muratori, L; Muratori, P; Perini, L; Ronca, V; Stangos, G, 2018) |
| "There was the assumption that Crohn's disease (CD) patients with perianal lesions might have different clinical courses compared to those without." | 1.48 | Effects of Perianal Involvement on Clinical Outcomes in Crohn's Disease over 10 Years. ( Cheon, JH; Kim, TI; Kim, WH; Park, SJ; Yoon, JY, 2018) |
| "To examine the disease flare rate in lupus nephritis (LN), focusing on renal flares, and the factors associated with relapse risk in recent years." | 1.46 | Longterm Data on Disease Flares in Patients with Proliferative Lupus Nephritis in Recent Years. ( Chan, GCW; Chan, TM; Kwan, LPY; Ma, MKM; Mok, MMY; Tang, C; Yap, DYH, 2017) |
| "The evolution toward chronic renal failure was observed in three patients." | 1.46 | [Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) in children in Dakar: about 40 cases]. ( Dial, CM; Diouf, B; Ka, EHF; Keita, Y; Lemrabott, AT; Moreira, C; Ndiaye, O; Ndongo, AA; Niang, A; Niang, B; Sall, MG; Sow, A; Sylla, A, 2017) |
| "Sudden cardiac deaths due to arrhythmias are thought to be an important cause of mortality in patients with renal transplants." | 1.42 | Long-Term Impact of Different Immunosuppressive Drugs on QT and PR Intervals in Renal Transplant Patients. ( Avci, BK; Cakmak, HA; Cosansu, K; Erturk, E; Ikitimur, B; Karadag, B; Ongen, Z; Seyahi, N, 2015) |
| "Subgroup of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, the antisynthetase syndrome is a rare chronic autoimmune disease, which is characterised by the presence of antibodies directed against aminoacyl-t-RNA-synthetases (family of intracytoplasmic enzymes with a vital role in the protein synthesis)." | 1.42 | Interstitial lung disease as first clinical manifestation within the antisynthetase syndrome--dermatomyositis. ( Mlădinescu, OF; Oancea, C; Trăilă, D; Tudorache, V, 2015) |
| "Extraintestinal manifestations in Crohn's disease (CD) are frequent and well recognized." | 1.42 | Histologically confirmed case of cerebral vasculitis associated with Crohn's disease--a case report. ( Asaoka, K; Gekka, M; Kato, Y; Nishihara, H; Nomura, M; Sugiyama, T, 2015) |
| "To describe 31 children presenting a CIDP; to compare patients with rapid-onset disease vs." | 1.42 | Childhood CIDP: Study of 31 patients and comparison between slow and rapid-onset groups. ( Boulay, C; Cabasson, S; Meunier, A; Pedespan, JM; Rouanet-Larriviere, MF; Tardieu, M, 2015) |
| "Although some ulcerative colitis (UC) patients are diagnosed when they do not have any UC-related symptoms, clinical features and prognosis of UC diagnosed in asymptomatic patients remain unclear." | 1.40 | Clinical features and course of ulcerative colitis diagnosed in asymptomatic subjects. ( Byeon, JS; Jung, KW; Kim, J; Kim, JH; Kim, JW; Kim, KJ; Kim, SO; Myung, SJ; Park, SH; Park, SK; Yang, DH; Yang, SK; Ye, BD, 2014) |
| "The hazard ratio (HR) for disease progression was lower for both monotherapy with azathioprine (HR: 0." | 1.40 | Is it possible to change phenotype progression in Crohn's disease in the era of immunomodulators? Predictive factors of phenotype progression. ( Andrade, P; Camila-Dias, C; Coelho, R; Lopes, S; Macedo, G; Magro, F; Rodrigues-Pinto, E; Santos-Antunes, J, 2014) |
| "Neuromyelitis optica was diagnosed." | 1.39 | Unusual manifestations of pediatric neuromyelitis optica. ( Kiresi, D; Yavuz, H, 2013) |
| "Interstitial lung disease is a rare but recognised complication of rituximab but has been rarely reported in the setting of ITP." | 1.38 | Rituximab-induced interstitial lung disease in a patient with immune thrombocytopenia purpura. ( Berkahn, L; Child, N; O'Carroll, M, 2012) |
| "Ulcerative colitis (UC) associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is usually clinically mild." | 1.37 | Does the severity of primary sclerosing cholangitis influence the clinical course of associated ulcerative colitis? ( Burroughs, AK; Cholongitas, E; Hamilton, MI; Kalambokis, G; Marelli, L; Xirouchakis, E, 2011) |
| "Lymphopenia is a recognized effect of this treatment, but lymphopenia-related complications in IBD patients have not been widely reported." | 1.37 | Natural history of azathioprine-associated lymphopenia in inflammatory bowel disease patients: a prospective observational study. ( Al Rifai, A; Campbell, S; McBurney, H; Newman, W; Prasad, N; Pushpakom, S; Robinson, A; Shuttleworth, E, 2011) |
| "Extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease such as erythema nodosum and pyoderma gangrenosum are well recognized and appreciated." | 1.35 | Clinical spectrum of vulva metastatic Crohn's disease. ( Buchman, AL; Collyer, J; Leu, S; Mirowski, GW; Schlosser, B; Smidt, A; Stika, CS; Sun, PK; Vanagunas, A, 2009) |
| "Tacrolimus-treated patients had a lower insignificant incidence of hyperlipidemia (P = 0." | 1.35 | Long-term graft outcome in patients with chronic allograft nephropathy after immunosuppression modifications. ( El-Agroudy, AE; El-Baz, M; El-Dahshan, KF; Ghoneim, MA; Ismail, AM; Mahmoud, K; Shokeir, AA, 2009) |
| "Maintenance therapy of severe pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) usually consists of azathioprine and prednisone ." | 1.35 | Experience with mycophenolate mofetil as maintenance therapy in five pediatric patients with severe systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Amann, K; Benz, K; Dittrich, K; Dötsch, J; Ross, S, 2009) |
| "Patients who developed renal and CNS disease more than 1 year after diagnosis had higher SLEDAI scores at disease onset." | 1.35 | Clinical and laboratory characteristics and long-term outcome of pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus: a longitudinal study. ( Benseler, SM; Harvey, E; Hebert, D; Hiraki, LT; Silverman, ED; Tyrrell, PN, 2008) |
| "Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease of unknown aetiology." | 1.34 | Development of autoimmune hepatitis in primary biliary cirrhosis. ( Gossard, AA; Lindor, KD, 2007) |
| "Diagnostic criteria for CD, ulcerative colitis (UC), and indeterminate colitis (IC) were defined." | 1.33 | Incidence of Crohn disease in the Czech Republic in the years 1990 to 2001 and assessment of pediatric population with inflammatory bowel disease. ( Bonova, O; Dedek, P; Frühauf, P; Havlickova, A; Janatova, T; Jimramovsky, F; Klimova, L; Klusacek, D; Kocourkova, D; Kolek, A; Kotalova, R; Maly, J; Marx, D; Nevoral, J; Petro, R; Petru, O; Plasilova, I; Pozler, O; Schreierova, I; Seidl, Z; Sekyrova, I; Semendak, N; Stanek, J; Sulakova, A; Sykora, J; Toukalkova, L; Travnickova, R; Volf, V; Zahradnicek, L; Zenisková, I, 2006) |
| "Tumors were diagnosed between 20 years prior to and 35 years after the appearance of MG." | 1.33 | Extrathymic malignancies in patients with myasthenia gravis. ( Abramsky, O; Argov, Z; Ben Hur, T; Karussis, D; Levin, N; Lossos, A; Siegal, T, 2005) |
| "The total Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index score as well as the physical examination score and patient recall score within the PCDAI at diagnosis were not different among those who received immunomodulators and those that did not." | 1.33 | Predictors of immunomodulator use as early therapy in pediatric Crohn's disease. ( Baldassano, RN; Jacobstein, DA; Leonard, M; Mamula, P; Markowitz, JE, 2006) |
| "We report this case of pemphigus vulgaris with unusual clinical aspects, namely vegetating and verrucous lesions as well as nail involvement, rarely described in this disease." | 1.32 | Pemphigus vulgaris with nail involvement presenting with vegetating and verrucous lesions. ( Fernandes, B; Figueiredo, A; Mascarenhas, R; Reis, JP; Tellechea, O, 2003) |
| "Progressive multiple sclerosis has been held to be irreversible." | 1.31 | Partial and significant reversal of progressive visual and neurological deficits in multiple sclerosis: a possible therapeutic effect. ( Milder, DG, 2002) |
| "Since relapses are frequent, these patients should be evaluated frequently." | 1.31 | Wegener granulomatosis in children and young adults. A case study of ten patients. ( Gothefors, L; Malmer, B; Müller Wiefel, DE; Nilsson, K; Stegmayr, BG; Sundelin, B, 2000) |
| "Responses to treatment and disease progression were determined by comparing scores with baseline scores." | 1.31 | Oral lichen planus: patient profile, disease progression and treatment responses. ( Chainani-Wu, N; Lozada-Nur, F; Mayer, P; Silverman, S; Watson, JJ, 2001) |
| "Dapsone was the most commonly used drug (51 patients), followed by methotrexate (24 patients), azathioprine (23 patients), and cyclophosphamide (15 patients); prednisone, always given as adjunctive treatment, was used in 17 patients." | 1.31 | The effect of treatment and its related side effects in patients with severe ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. ( Ahmed, AR; Baltatzis, S; Foster, CS; Miserocchi, E; Roque, MR, 2002) |
| "The thrombocytopenia was diagnosed as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura." | 1.30 | [Rapidly progressive irradiated cervical cancer that metastasized to the liver during therapy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]. ( Kariya, K; Kawamura, S; Munakata, A; Nakahata, R; Takami, H; Tamai, Y; Tsushima, K; Yoshimura, T, 1999) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 13 (6.44) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 87 (43.07) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 89 (44.06) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 13 (6.44) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Arjmand, M | 1 |
| Shahriarirad, R | 1 |
| Shenavandeh, S | 1 |
| Fallahi, MJ | 1 |
| Harrison, L | 1 |
| Hoeroldt, B | 1 |
| Dhaliwal, H | 1 |
| Wadland, E | 1 |
| Dube, A | 1 |
| Gleeson, D | 2 |
| Kim, W | 1 |
| Shim, YK | 1 |
| Choi, SA | 1 |
| Kim, SY | 2 |
| Kim, H | 2 |
| Lim, BC | 1 |
| Hwang, H | 1 |
| Choi, J | 1 |
| Kim, KJ | 2 |
| Chae, JH | 1 |
| Ozguler, Y | 1 |
| Hatemi, G | 1 |
| Cetinkaya, F | 1 |
| Tascilar, K | 1 |
| Hamuryudan, V | 1 |
| Ugurlu, S | 1 |
| Seyahi, E | 1 |
| Yazici, H | 1 |
| Melikoglu, M | 1 |
| Ribaldone, DG | 1 |
| Caviglia, GP | 1 |
| Pellicano, R | 1 |
| Vernero, M | 1 |
| Italia, A | 1 |
| Morino, M | 1 |
| Saracco, GM | 1 |
| Astegiano, M | 1 |
| Pape, S | 1 |
| Schramm, C | 3 |
| Gevers, TJ | 1 |
| Nevskaya, T | 1 |
| Zheng, B | 1 |
| Baxter, CA | 1 |
| Ramey, DR | 1 |
| Pope, JE | 1 |
| Baron, M | 1 |
| Kunchok, A | 1 |
| Malpas, C | 1 |
| Nytrova, P | 1 |
| Havrdova, EK | 1 |
| Alroughani, R | 1 |
| Terzi, M | 1 |
| Yamout, B | 1 |
| Hor, JY | 1 |
| Karabudak, R | 1 |
| Boz, C | 1 |
| Ozakbas, S | 1 |
| Olascoaga, J | 1 |
| Simo, M | 1 |
| Granella, F | 1 |
| Patti, F | 1 |
| McCombe, P | 1 |
| Csepany, T | 1 |
| Singhal, B | 1 |
| Bergamaschi, R | 1 |
| Fragoso, Y | 1 |
| Al-Harbi, T | 1 |
| Turkoglu, R | 1 |
| Lechner-Scott, J | 1 |
| Laureys, G | 1 |
| Oreja-Guevara, C | 1 |
| Pucci, E | 1 |
| Sola, P | 1 |
| Ferraro, D | 1 |
| Altintas, A | 1 |
| Soysal, A | 1 |
| Vucic, S | 1 |
| Grand'Maison, F | 1 |
| Izquierdo, G | 1 |
| Eichau, S | 1 |
| Lugaresi, A | 1 |
| Onofrj, M | 1 |
| Trojano, M | 1 |
| Marriott, M | 1 |
| Butzkueven, H | 1 |
| Kister, I | 1 |
| Kalincik, T | 3 |
| Ungaro, RC | 1 |
| Yzet, C | 1 |
| Bossuyt, P | 1 |
| Baert, FJ | 1 |
| Vanasek, T | 1 |
| D'Haens, GR | 2 |
| Joustra, VW | 1 |
| Panaccione, R | 1 |
| Novacek, G | 1 |
| Reinisch, W | 2 |
| Armuzzi, A | 1 |
| Golovchenko, O | 1 |
| Prymak, O | 1 |
| Goldis, A | 1 |
| Travis, SP | 1 |
| Hébuterne, X | 1 |
| Ferrante, M | 2 |
| Rogler, G | 1 |
| Fumery, M | 1 |
| Danese, S | 2 |
| Rydzewska, G | 1 |
| Pariente, B | 1 |
| Hertervig, E | 1 |
| Stanciu, C | 1 |
| Serrero, M | 1 |
| Diculescu, M | 2 |
| Peyrin-Biroulet, L | 3 |
| Laharie, D | 1 |
| Wright, JP | 1 |
| Gomollón, F | 1 |
| Gubonina, I | 1 |
| Schreiber, S | 1 |
| Motoya, S | 1 |
| Hellström, PM | 1 |
| Halfvarson, J | 2 |
| Butler, JW | 1 |
| Petersson, J | 1 |
| Petralia, F | 1 |
| Colombel, JF | 2 |
| Misra, DP | 1 |
| Jain, N | 1 |
| Harikrishnan, G | 1 |
| Agarwal, V | 1 |
| Lim, YM | 1 |
| Lee, EJ | 1 |
| Kim, HW | 1 |
| Kim, HJ | 1 |
| Kim, KK | 1 |
| Creutzfeldt, AM | 1 |
| Piecha, F | 1 |
| Schattenberg, JM | 1 |
| Lohse, AW | 2 |
| Bilewicz-Stebel, M | 1 |
| Bergler-Czop, B | 1 |
| Stebel, R | 1 |
| Weryńska-Kalemba, M | 1 |
| Matuszewska, A | 1 |
| Pyo, JY | 1 |
| Lee, LE | 1 |
| Ahn, SS | 1 |
| Song, JJ | 1 |
| Park, YB | 1 |
| Lee, SW | 1 |
| Keita, Y | 1 |
| Lemrabott, AT | 1 |
| Sylla, A | 1 |
| Niang, B | 1 |
| Ka, EHF | 1 |
| Dial, CM | 1 |
| Ndongo, AA | 1 |
| Sow, A | 1 |
| Moreira, C | 1 |
| Niang, A | 1 |
| Ndiaye, O | 1 |
| Diouf, B | 1 |
| Sall, MG | 1 |
| Yap, DYH | 2 |
| Tang, C | 1 |
| Ma, MKM | 2 |
| Mok, MMY | 2 |
| Chan, GCW | 2 |
| Kwan, LPY | 2 |
| Chan, TM | 2 |
| Puéchal, X | 2 |
| Pagnoux, C | 2 |
| Baron, G | 2 |
| Quémeneur, T | 2 |
| Néel, A | 2 |
| Agard, C | 2 |
| Lifermann, F | 2 |
| Liozon, E | 1 |
| Ruivard, M | 2 |
| Godmer, P | 1 |
| Limal, N | 2 |
| Mékinian, A | 1 |
| Papo, T | 1 |
| Ruppert, AM | 1 |
| Bourgarit, A | 1 |
| Bienvenu, B | 1 |
| Geffray, L | 2 |
| Saraux, JL | 2 |
| Diot, E | 1 |
| Crestani, B | 1 |
| Delbrel, X | 1 |
| Sailler, L | 1 |
| Cohen, P | 2 |
| Le Guern, V | 2 |
| Terrier, B | 2 |
| Groh, M | 1 |
| Le Jeunne, C | 2 |
| Mouthon, L | 2 |
| Ravaud, P | 2 |
| Guillevin, L | 3 |
| Qiu, Y | 2 |
| Chen, BL | 2 |
| Feng, R | 1 |
| Zhang, SH | 2 |
| He, Y | 2 |
| Zeng, ZR | 2 |
| Ben-Horin, S | 1 |
| Mao, R | 2 |
| Chen, MH | 2 |
| Yoon, JY | 1 |
| Cheon, JH | 2 |
| Park, SJ | 2 |
| Kim, TI | 2 |
| Kim, WH | 2 |
| Wong, YYM | 1 |
| Hacohen, Y | 1 |
| Armangue, T | 1 |
| Wassmer, E | 1 |
| Verhelst, H | 1 |
| Hemingway, C | 1 |
| van Pelt, ED | 1 |
| Catsman-Berrevoets, CE | 1 |
| Hintzen, RQ | 1 |
| Deiva, K | 1 |
| Lim, MJ | 1 |
| Rostásy, K | 1 |
| Neuteboom, RF | 1 |
| McAdoo, SP | 1 |
| Medjeral-Thomas, N | 1 |
| Gopaluni, S | 1 |
| Tanna, A | 1 |
| Mansfield, N | 1 |
| Galliford, J | 1 |
| Griffith, M | 1 |
| Levy, J | 1 |
| Cairns, TD | 1 |
| Jayne, D | 1 |
| Salama, AD | 1 |
| Pusey, CD | 1 |
| Muratori, P | 1 |
| Carbone, M | 1 |
| Stangos, G | 1 |
| Perini, L | 1 |
| Lalanne, C | 1 |
| Ronca, V | 1 |
| Cazzagon, N | 1 |
| Bianchi, G | 1 |
| Lenzi, M | 1 |
| Floreani, A | 1 |
| Invernizzi, P | 1 |
| Muratori, L | 1 |
| Eriksson, C | 1 |
| Rundquist, S | 1 |
| Cao, Y | 1 |
| Montgomery, S | 1 |
| Jones, D | 1 |
| Manns, MP | 1 |
| Terracciano, L | 1 |
| Torbenson, M | 1 |
| Vierling, JM | 1 |
| Bichuetti, DB | 1 |
| Perin, MMM | 1 |
| Souza, NA | 1 |
| Oliveira, EML | 1 |
| Parkes, M | 1 |
| Whittaker, K | 1 |
| Guggenberger, K | 1 |
| Venhoff, N | 1 |
| Doostkam, S | 1 |
| Schaefer, HE | 1 |
| Fritsch, B | 1 |
| Pallotta, N | 1 |
| Vincoli, G | 1 |
| Pezzotti, P | 1 |
| Giovannone, M | 1 |
| Gigliozzi, A | 1 |
| Badiali, D | 1 |
| Vernia, P | 1 |
| Corazziari, ES | 1 |
| Ziade, F | 1 |
| Rungoe, C | 1 |
| Kallemose, T | 1 |
| Paerregaard, A | 1 |
| Wewer, AV | 1 |
| Jakobsen, C | 1 |
| Deng, J | 2 |
| Xie, H | 2 |
| Zhu, L | 1 |
| Luo, L | 1 |
| Giménez, AR | 1 |
| Pastrana, DB | 1 |
| Huaranga, MAR | 1 |
| Izquierdo, JR | 1 |
| Cabrera, B | 1 |
| García, AN | 1 |
| Rodríguez, CCR | 1 |
| Wislez, M | 1 |
| Cottin, V | 2 |
| Aouba, A | 1 |
| Bonnotte, B | 1 |
| Durazzo, M | 1 |
| Lupi, G | 1 |
| Scandella, M | 1 |
| Ferro, A | 1 |
| Gruden, G | 1 |
| Ali, AY | 1 |
| Abdelaziz, TS | 1 |
| Behiry, ME | 1 |
| Zivadinov, R | 5 |
| Bergsland, N | 5 |
| Dolezal, O | 6 |
| Hussein, S | 4 |
| Seidl, Z | 7 |
| Dwyer, MG | 5 |
| Vaneckova, M | 6 |
| Krasensky, J | 4 |
| Potts, JA | 1 |
| Havrdová, E | 6 |
| Horáková, D | 6 |
| Stangou, M | 1 |
| Papagianni, A | 1 |
| Bantis, C | 1 |
| Moisiadis, D | 1 |
| Kasimatis, S | 1 |
| Spartalis, M | 1 |
| Pantzaki, A | 1 |
| Efstratiadis, G | 1 |
| Memmos, D | 1 |
| Marinkovic, G | 1 |
| Hibender, S | 1 |
| Hoogenboezem, M | 1 |
| van Broekhoven, A | 1 |
| Girigorie, AF | 1 |
| Bleeker, N | 1 |
| Hamers, AA | 1 |
| Stap, J | 1 |
| van Buul, JD | 1 |
| de Vries, CJ | 1 |
| de Waard, V | 1 |
| Sandborn, WJ | 1 |
| Mantzaris, GJ | 1 |
| Kornbluth, A | 1 |
| Rachmilewitz, D | 1 |
| Lichtiger, S | 1 |
| van der Woude, CJ | 1 |
| Diamond, RH | 1 |
| Oortwijn, AF | 1 |
| Tang, KL | 1 |
| Miller, M | 1 |
| Cornillie, F | 1 |
| Rutgeerts, PJ | 1 |
| Park, SK | 1 |
| Ye, BD | 2 |
| Yang, SK | 2 |
| Kim, SO | 1 |
| Kim, J | 1 |
| Kim, JW | 1 |
| Park, SH | 2 |
| Yang, DH | 1 |
| Jung, KW | 1 |
| Byeon, JS | 1 |
| Myung, SJ | 1 |
| Kim, JH | 3 |
| Parfenov, AI | 1 |
| Boldyreva, ON | 1 |
| Ruchkina, IN | 1 |
| Knyazev, OV | 1 |
| Sagynbaeva, VE | 1 |
| Shcherbakov, PL | 1 |
| Khomeriki, SG | 1 |
| Lazebnik, LB | 1 |
| Konoplyannikov, AG | 1 |
| Magro, F | 1 |
| Rodrigues-Pinto, E | 1 |
| Coelho, R | 1 |
| Andrade, P | 1 |
| Santos-Antunes, J | 1 |
| Lopes, S | 1 |
| Camila-Dias, C | 1 |
| Macedo, G | 1 |
| Martinez, FJ | 2 |
| de Andrade, JA | 1 |
| Anstrom, KJ | 2 |
| King, TE | 2 |
| Raghu, G | 2 |
| Prüfer, J | 1 |
| Schuchardt, M | 1 |
| Tölle, M | 1 |
| Prüfer, N | 1 |
| Höhne, M | 1 |
| Zidek, W | 1 |
| van der Giet, M | 1 |
| Kuno, T | 1 |
| Tamura, Y | 1 |
| Ono, T | 1 |
| Murata, M | 1 |
| Kuwana, M | 1 |
| Satoh, T | 1 |
| Fukuda, K | 1 |
| Unizony, S | 1 |
| Lim, N | 1 |
| Phippard, DJ | 1 |
| Carey, VJ | 1 |
| Miloslavsky, EM | 1 |
| Tchao, NK | 1 |
| Iklé, D | 1 |
| Asare, AL | 1 |
| Merkel, PA | 1 |
| Monach, PA | 1 |
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| St Clair, EW | 1 |
| Langford, CA | 1 |
| Spiera, R | 1 |
| Hoffman, GS | 1 |
| Kallenberg, CG | 1 |
| Specks, U | 1 |
| Stone, JH | 1 |
| Ikitimur, B | 1 |
| Cosansu, K | 1 |
| Karadag, B | 1 |
| Cakmak, HA | 1 |
| Avci, BK | 1 |
| Erturk, E | 1 |
| Seyahi, N | 1 |
| Ongen, Z | 1 |
| Termsarasab, P | 1 |
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| Mok, CC | 2 |
| Ying, KY | 1 |
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| Tong, KH | 1 |
| To, CH | 2 |
| Ng, WL | 1 |
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| Bodolay, E | 1 |
| Dezső, B | 1 |
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| Nakken, B | 1 |
| Szodoray, P | 1 |
| Henderson, P | 1 |
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| Faruqi, I | 1 |
| Salgado, JC | 1 |
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| Furuta, S | 1 |
| Tervaert, JW | 1 |
| Hauser, T | 1 |
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| Peh, CA | 1 |
| Savage, CO | 2 |
| Segelmark, M | 1 |
| Tesar, V | 2 |
| van Paassen, P | 1 |
| Walsh, M | 1 |
| Westman, K | 1 |
| Jayne, DR | 1 |
| Tamirou, F | 1 |
| D'Cruz, D | 1 |
| Sangle, S | 1 |
| Remy, P | 1 |
| Vasconcelos, C | 1 |
| Fiehn, C | 1 |
| Ayala Guttierez, Mdel M | 1 |
| Gilboe, IM | 1 |
| Tektonidou, M | 1 |
| Blockmans, D | 1 |
| Ravelingien, I | 1 |
| Depresseux, G | 1 |
| Cervera, R | 1 |
| Houssiau, FA | 1 |
| Cabasson, S | 1 |
| Tardieu, M | 1 |
| Meunier, A | 1 |
| Rouanet-Larriviere, MF | 1 |
| Boulay, C | 1 |
| Pedespan, JM | 1 |
| Vitale, A | 1 |
| Rigante, D | 1 |
| Caso, F | 1 |
| Franceschini, R | 1 |
| Cantarini, L | 1 |
| Guinet-Charpentier, C | 1 |
| Champigneulle, J | 1 |
| Williet, N | 1 |
| Morali, A | 1 |
| Fernández-Salazar, L | 1 |
| Muñoz, F | 1 |
| Barrio, J | 1 |
| Muñoz, C | 1 |
| Pajares, R | 1 |
| Rivero, M | 1 |
| Prieto, V | 1 |
| Legido, J | 1 |
| Bouhmidi, A | 1 |
| Herranz, M | 1 |
| Fernández, N | 1 |
| Sánchez-Ocaña, R | 1 |
| Joao, D | 1 |
| Santos, F | 1 |
| Gekka, M | 1 |
| Sugiyama, T | 1 |
| Nomura, M | 1 |
| Kato, Y | 1 |
| Nishihara, H | 1 |
| Asaoka, K | 1 |
| Mejía-Vilet, JM | 1 |
| Córdova-Sánchez, BM | 1 |
| Arreola-Guerra, JM | 1 |
| Morales-Buenrostro, LE | 1 |
| Uribe-Uribe, NO | 1 |
| Correa-Rotter, R | 1 |
| Hawthrone, AB | 1 |
| Trăilă, D | 1 |
| Mlădinescu, OF | 1 |
| Oancea, C | 1 |
| Tudorache, V | 1 |
| Park, Y | 1 |
| Lee, HJ | 1 |
| Kichenaradjou, A | 1 |
| Barrett, AW | 1 |
| Norris, P | 1 |
| Rowell, N | 1 |
| Newman, L | 1 |
| Staveri, C | 1 |
| Karokis, D | 1 |
| Liossis, SC | 1 |
| Bodini, G | 1 |
| Giannini, EG | 1 |
| De Maria, C | 1 |
| Dulbecco, P | 1 |
| Furnari, M | 1 |
| Marabotto, E | 1 |
| Savarino, V | 1 |
| Savarino, E | 1 |
| Ferreira, C | 1 |
| Soares, J | 1 |
| Maia, T | 1 |
| Pardal, J | 1 |
| Nogueira, A | 1 |
| Tavares, M | 1 |
| Trindade, E | 1 |
| Amil Dias, J | 1 |
| Preda, CM | 1 |
| Sandra, I | 1 |
| Becheanu, G | 1 |
| Dumbrava, M | 1 |
| Manuc, M | 1 |
| Apostolopoulos, D | 1 |
| Morand, EF | 1 |
| Takae, Y | 1 |
| Nishikawa, T | 1 |
| Amagai, M | 1 |
| El-Agroudy, AE | 1 |
| El-Dahshan, KF | 1 |
| Mahmoud, K | 1 |
| Ismail, AM | 1 |
| El-Baz, M | 1 |
| Shokeir, AA | 1 |
| Ghoneim, MA | 1 |
| Etchevers, MJ | 1 |
| Aceituno, M | 1 |
| Sans, M | 1 |
| Gedizlioglu, M | 1 |
| Coban, P | 1 |
| Ce, P | 1 |
| Sivasli, IE | 1 |
| Cox, JL | 4 |
| Rimes, B | 1 |
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| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| An Open-Label, Multicenter, Efficacy and Safety Study to Evaluate Two Treatment Algorithms in Subjects With Moderate to Severe Crohn's Disease[NCT01235689] | Phase 3 | 252 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-02-11 | Completed | ||
| Evaluation of a New Treatment Strategy for Patients With Microscopic Polyangiitis, Polyarteritis Nodosa or Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Churg Strauss Syndrome) Without Poor Prognosis Factors[NCT00647166] | Phase 3 | 114 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active Controlled Trial Comparing REMICADE� (Infliximab) and REMICADE Plus Azathioprine to Azathioprine in the Treatment of Patients With Crohn's Disease Naive to Both Immunomodulators and Biologic Therapy[NCT00094458] | Phase 3 | 508 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Prednisone, Azathioprine, and N-acetylcysteine: A Study That Evaluates Response in IPF[NCT00650091] | Phase 3 | 264 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-10-31 | Completed | ||
| NAC Attack, A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Parallel, Double Masked, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Oral N-Acetylcysteine in Patients With Retinitis Pigmentosa[NCT05537220] | Phase 3 | 438 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-10-11 | Recruiting | ||
| To Compare the Efficacy of Tacrolimus and Mycophenolate Mofetil for the Initial Therapy of Active Lupus Nephritis[NCT00371319] | Phase 4 | 150 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Rituximab for the Otolaryngologic Manifestations of Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis[NCT02626845] | Phase 4 | 3 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-12-31 | Terminated (stopped due to Slow recruitment) | ||
| A Randomized Multicenter Trial Comparing Mycophenolate Mofetil and Azathioprine as Remission-maintaining Treatment for Proliferative Lupus Glomerulonephritis. The MAINTAIN Nephritis Trial.[NCT00204022] | Phase 3 | 105 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2001-02-28 | Completed | ||
| Assessment of Lesion Activity Analysis in the Avonex- Steroid Azathioprine (ASA) Study[NCT01628315] | 159 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2009-03-31 | Completed | |||
| Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis International Group Exploring NAC I Annual Study of the Effects of High-dose N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)[NCT00639496] | Phase 3 | 184 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2000-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Glucocorticoids Versus Placebo for the Treatment of Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT05674994] | Phase 3 | 110 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-10-26 | Recruiting | ||
| Cyclophosphamide Added to Corticosteroid in the Treatment of Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: a Placebo-controlled Randomized Trial[NCT02460588] | Phase 3 | 120 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-12-31 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy of Ginger Muco-bioadhesive Gel in Management of Oral Lichen Planus: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial With Immunohistochemical Analysis[NCT05882864] | Phase 4 | 28 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-08-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
CDEIS is an index for determining the severity of Crohn's disease. The CDEIS considers deep ulcerations, superficial ulcerations, ulcerated and non-ulcerated surface, and the presence of ulcerated/non-ulcerated stenosis evaluated in 5 pre-defined segments of the colon (ileum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon and sigmoid loop, and rectum). The score ranges from 0 to 44 where higher scores indicate more severe endoscopic activity. A negative change from Baseline indicates improvement. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: Baseline and 48 weeks after Randomization
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Clinically Driven Management | -6.4 |
| Tight Control Management | -7.7 |
"The FACIT-Fatigue scale is a 13-item self-administered questionnaire that assesses both the physical and functional consequences of fatigue. Each question is answered on a 5-point scale, from 0 (not at all) to 4 (very much). The FACIT-Fatigue score ranges from 0 to 52, with higher scores denoting lower levels of fatigue.~A positive change from Baseline score indicates an improvement.~." (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: Baseline and 48 weeks after Randomization
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Clinically Driven Management | 7.6 |
| Tight Control Management | 13.0 |
The PHQ-9 is a 9-item questionnaire for assessing the severity of depression. Each question is answered on a scale from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). The total score ranges from 0 to 27, where higher scores indicate more severe depression. A negative change from Baseline score indicates improvement. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: Baseline and 48 weeks after Randomization
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Clinically Driven Management | -3.6 |
| Tight Control Management | -5.6 |
The IBDQ measures the effects of inflammatory bowel disease on daily function and quality of life. The IBDQ consists of 32 questions which address symptoms as a result of Crohn's disease, feeling in general, and mood. Each question is answered on a scale from 1 (all of the time) to 7 ( none of the time); the total score ranges from 7 (worst) to 224 (best). A positive change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: Baseline and 48 weeks after Randomization
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Clinically Driven Management | 31.2 |
| Tight Control Management | 41.9 |
Hospitalization was defined as a visit to hospital/clinic resulting in admission and overnight stay in hospital/clinic. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: From Randomization through 48 weeks after Randomization
| Intervention | hospitalizations (Number) |
|---|---|
| Clinically Driven Management | 37 |
| Tight Control Management | 25 |
Any hospitalization with an overnight stay in hospital/clinic related to Crohn's disease. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: From Randomization through 48 weeks after Randomization
| Intervention | hospitalizations (Number) |
|---|---|
| Clinically Driven Management | 29 |
| Tight Control Management | 14 |
Hospitalization was defined as a visit to hospital/clinic resulting in admission and overnight stay in hospital/clinic. Hospitalization due to emergency was defined as a hospitalization admitted through the emergency department. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: From Randomization through 48 weeks after Randomization
| Intervention | emergency hospitalizations (Number) |
|---|---|
| Clinically Driven Management | 11 |
| Tight Control Management | 4 |
The total number of CD-related surgical procedures included major CD-related surgery, debridement, perineal related surgery - abscess drainage, seton placement, fistulotomy, and TPN. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: From Randomization through 48 weeks after Randomization
| Intervention | surgical procedures (Number) |
|---|---|
| Clinically Driven Management | 9 |
| Tight Control Management | 7 |
"Major Crohn's disease-related intra-abdominal surgery included:~bowel resection~ostomy~by-pass~strictureplasty~drainage of abdominal or pelvic abscess (surgical drainage or percutaneous drainage by interventional radiology).~The following were excluded:~debridement~exploration laparotomy~abdominal surgery for other reason~perineal related surgery~abscess drainage~placement of setons~fistulotomy~Total parental nutrition (TPN) use" (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: From Randomization through 48 weeks after Randomization
| Intervention | surgeries (Number) |
|---|---|
| Clinically Driven Management | 3 |
| Tight Control Management | 6 |
"Biologic remission was defined as high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) < 5 mg/L, fecal Calprotectin < 250 μg/g, and CDEIS < 4 at 48 weeks after randomization.~CDEIS is an index for determining the severity of Crohn's disease. The CDEIS considers deep ulcerations, superficial ulcerations, ulcerated and non-ulcerated surface, and the presence of ulcerated/non-ulcerated stenosis evaluated in 5 pre-defined segments of the colon. The range of the score is from 0 to 44 where higher scores indicate more severe endoscopic activity.~Participants with missing values 48 weeks after Randomization were counted as non-responders." (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: 48 weeks after Randomization
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Clinically Driven Management | 15.6 |
| Tight Control Management | 29.5 |
"Deep remission was defined as CDAI < 150, discontinuation from steroids for at least 8 weeks, absence of draining fistula, CDEIS < 4 and no deep ulcerations.~CDAI is a tool used to quantify the symptoms of patients with Crohn's disease. The score includes the frequency of stools, abdominal pain and general well-being as well as the presence of complications, use of antidiarrheals, presence of abdominal mass, hematocrit and weight. CDAI generally ranges from 0 to 600 where higher scores indicate more severe disease.~CDEIS is an index for determining the severity of Crohn's disease. The CDEIS considers deep ulcerations, superficial ulcerations, ulcerated and non-ulcerated surface, and the presence of ulcerated/non-ulcerated stenosis evaluated in 5 pre-defined segments of the colon. The range of the score is from 0 to 44 where higher scores indicate more severe endoscopic activity.~Participants with missing data 48 weeks after randomization were counted as non-responders." (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: 48 weeks after Randomization
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Clinically Driven Management | 23.0 |
| Tight Control Management | 36.9 |
"Complete mucosal healing was defined as CDEIS = 0. CDEIS is an index for determining the severity of Crohn's disease. The CDEIS considers deep ulcerations, superficial ulcerations, ulcerated and non-ulcerated surface, and the presence of ulcerated/non-ulcerated stenosis evaluated in 5 pre-defined segments of the colon. The range of the score is from 0 to 44 where higher scores indicate more severe endoscopic activity.~Participants with missing values 48 weeks after randomization were counted as non-responders." (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: 48 weeks after Randomization
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Clinically Driven Management | 16.4 |
| Tight Control Management | 18.0 |
"Endoscopic response was defined as a decrease CDEIS > 5 points. CDEIS is an index for determining the severity of Crohn's disease. The CDEIS considers deep ulcerations, superficial ulcerations, ulcerated and non-ulcerated surface, and the presence of ulcerated/non-ulcerated stenosis evaluated in 5 pre-defined segments of the colon. The range of the score is from 0 to 44 where higher scores indicate more severe endoscopic activity.~Participants with missing values 48 weeks after Randomization were counted as non-responders." (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: 48 weeks after Randomization
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Clinically Driven Management | 40.2 |
| Tight Control Management | 50.8 |
"Percentage of participants with mucosal healing (defined as a CDEIS < 4) at 48 weeks after randomization (48 weeks after the 1st Key visit). The ileocolonoscopies were evaluated by the site.~CDEIS is an index for determining the severity of Crohn's disease. The CDEIS considers deep ulcerations, superficial ulcerations, ulcerated and non-ulcerated surface, and the presence of ulcerated/non-ulcerated stenosis evaluated in 5 pre-defined segments of the colon. The range of the score is from 0 to 44 where higher scores indicate more severe endoscopic activity.~Participants with missing values 48 weeks after Randomization were counted as non-responders." (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: 48 weeks after Randomization
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Clinically Driven Management | 30.3 |
| Tight Control Management | 45.9 |
"Percentage of participants with mucosal healing (defined as CDEIS < 4) and CDEIS < 4 in every segment on ileocolonoscopy at 48 weeks after randomization. The ileocolonoscopies were evaluated by the site.~CDEIS is an index for determining the severity of Crohn's disease. The CDEIS considers deep ulcerations, superficial ulcerations, ulcerated and non-ulcerated surface, and the presence of ulcerated/non-ulcerated stenosis evaluated in 5 pre-defined segments of the colon. The range of the score is from 0 to 44 where higher scores indicate more severe endoscopic activity.~Participants with missing values 48 weeks after randomization were counted as non-responders." (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: 48 weeks after Randomization
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Clinically Driven Management | 23.8 |
| Tight Control Management | 29.5 |
"Percentage of participants with mucosal healing (defined as Crohn's disease endoscopy Index of severity [CDEIS] < 4) and no deep ulcerations on ileocolonoscopy (defined as the absence of all deep ulcerations in all segments explored in CDEIS) at 48 weeks after randomization (48 weeks after the 1st Key visit). The ileocolonoscopies were evaluated by the site.~CDEIS is an index for determining the severity of Crohn's disease. The CDEIS considers deep ulcerations, superficial ulcerations, ulcerated and non-ulcerated surface, and the presence of ulcerated/non-ulcerated stenosis evaluated in 5 pre-defined segments of the colon (ileum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon and sigmoid loop, and rectum). The score ranges from 0 to 44 where higher scores indicate more severe endoscopic activity.~Participants with missing data 48 weeks after Randomization were counted as non-responders." (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: 48 weeks after Randomization
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Clinically Driven Management | 30.3 |
| Tight Control Management | 45.9 |
Hospitalization was defined as a visit to hospital/clinic resulting in admission and overnight stay in hospital/clinic. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: From Randomization through 48 weeks after Randomization
| Intervention | days (Median) |
|---|---|
| Clinically Driven Management | NA |
| Tight Control Management | NA |
Clinical remission was defined as CDAI < 150. CDAI is a tool used to quantify the symptoms of patients with Crohn's disease. The score includes the frequency of stools, abdominal pain and general well-being as well as the presence of complications, use of antidiarrheals, presence of abdominal mass, hematocrit and weight. CDAI scores generally range from 0 to 600 where higher scores indicate more severe disease. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: From Randomization through 48 weeks after Randomization
| Intervention | days (Median) |
|---|---|
| Clinically Driven Management | 78 |
| Tight Control Management | 43 |
Time to Crohn's disease flare, where flare is defined as an increase in CDAI ≥ 70 points compared to Week 8 or Early Randomization CDAI, and a CDAI > 220. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: From Randomization to 48 weeks after Randomization
| Intervention | days (Median) |
|---|---|
| Clinically Driven Management | NA |
| Tight Control Management | NA |
Hospitalization was defined as a visit to hospital/clinic resulting in admission and overnight stay in hospital/clinic. Hospitalization due to emergency was defined as a hospitalization admitted through the emergency department. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: From Randomization through 48 weeks after Randomization
| Intervention | days (Median) |
|---|---|
| Clinically Driven Management | NA |
| Tight Control Management | NA |
Crohn's disease-related hospitalization was defined as a visit to hospital/clinic resulting in admission and overnight stay in hospital/clinic for reasons related to Crohn's disease (CD). Hospitalization for adverse events relating to study medication, i.e., prednisone, azathioprine or adalimumab, were according to Investigator's clinical judgment. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: From Randomization through 48 weeks after Randomization
| Intervention | days (Median) |
|---|---|
| Clinically Driven Management | NA |
| Tight Control Management | NA |
Steroid-free remission was defined as CDAI < 150 and discontinuation from steroids for at least 8 weeks. CDAI is a tool used to quantify the symptoms of patients with Crohn's disease. The score includes the frequency of stools, abdominal pain and general well-being as well as the presence of complications, use of antidiarrheals, presence of abdominal mass, hematocrit and weight. CDAI generally ranges from 0 to 600 where higher scores indicate more severe disease. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: From Randomization through 48 weeks after Randomization
| Intervention | days (Median) |
|---|---|
| Clinically Driven Management | 162 |
| Tight Control Management | 159 |
The total dose of prednisone each participant received during both the run-in phase and post-randomization treatment phase. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: From Baseline through 48 weeks after Randomization
| Intervention | mg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Clinically Driven Management | 1505.7 |
| Tight Control Management | 1369.8 |
(NCT01235689)
Timeframe: From Randomization through 48 weeks after Randomization
| Intervention | days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Clinically Driven Management | 40.2 |
| Tight Control Management | 50.1 |
(NCT01235689)
Timeframe: From Randomization through 48 weeks after Randomization
| Intervention | days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Clinically Driven Management | 9.8 |
| Tight Control Management | 15.8 |
The Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) is a research tool used to quantify the symptoms of patients with Crohn's disease. Participants were asked to record the frequency of stools, abdominal pain and general well-being on a daily basis. In addition to the diary data, the investigator assessed the following for the calculation of CDAI: presence of complications (arthritis/arthralgia, iritis/uveitis, erythema nodosum/pyoderma gangrenosum/aphthous stomatitis, anal fissure/fistula/abscess, other fistula, and fever), the use of antidiarrheal medicines, presence of an abdominal mass, hematocrit, and body weight. The CDAI is the sum of the products of each item multiplied by a weighting factor and generally ranges from 0 up to 600, where remission of Crohn's disease is defined as CDAI < 150, and severe disease is defined as CDAI > 450. A negative change from Baseline indicates improvement. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 and 8 weeks during the prednisone run-in, and 2, 6, 11, 14, 18, 23, 26, 30, 35, 38, 42, and 48 weeks after Randomization.
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 of Prednisone Run-in | Week 8 of Prednisone Run-in | 2 Weeks After Randomization | 6 Weeks After Randomization | 11 Weeks After Randomization | 14 Weeks After Randomization | 18 Weeks After Randomization | 23 Weeks After Randomization | 26 Weeks After Randomization | 30 Weeks After Randomization | 35 Weeks After Randomization | 38 Weeks After Randomization | 42 Weeks After Randomization | 48 Weeks After Randomization | |
| Clinically Driven Management | -78.3 | -64.2 | -80.2 | -93.1 | -103.5 | -71.1 | -69.9 | -143.3 | -71.8 | -47.9 | -140.4 | -60.8 | -76.8 | -146.2 |
| Tight Control Management | -90.9 | -105.5 | -110.1 | -130.8 | -141.0 | -101.2 | -112.0 | -154.1 | -135.7 | -143.8 | -166.4 | -132.8 | -107.4 | -175.8 |
High sensitivity C-reactive protein was analyzed by a central laboratory. (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: Baseline and 8 weeks during the prednisone run-in, and 11, 23, 35, and 48 weeks after Randomization.
| Intervention | mg/L (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 8 of Prednisone Run-in | 11 Weeks After Randomization | 23 Weeks After Randomization | 35 Weeks After Randomization | 48 Weeks After Randomization | |
| Clinically Driven Management | -10.3 | -14.6 | -15.1 | -11.0 | -12.3 |
| Tight Control Management | -9.2 | -15.9 | -14.7 | -14.0 | -13.2 |
"The Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36), Version 2 is a self-administered instrument that measures the impact of disease on overall quality of life and consists of 36 questions in eight domains (physical function, pain, general and mental health, vitality, social function, physical and emotional health).~The physical component summary (PCS) score summarizes the subscales physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, and general health. The mental component summary (MCS) score summarizes the subscales vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, and mental health. Each score ranges from 0 to 100 where higher scores indicate a better quality of life. A positive change from Baseline score indicates an improvement." (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: Baseline and 48 weeks after Randomization
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Physical Component Summary Score | Mental Component Summary Score | |
| Clinically Driven Management | 6.3 | 5.8 |
| Tight Control Management | 9.2 | 9.3 |
"The WPAI:CD questionnaire was used to assess impairments in both paid work and unpaid work due to symptoms of Crohn's Disease. The self-administered questionnaire consisted of 6 questions.~Work time missed was defined as the percentage of time absent from work due to Crohn's disease in the past week.~Impairment while working is the participant's assessment of the degree to which Crohn's disease affected productivity while working in the past 7 days.~Total work productivity impairment takes into account both hours missed due to Crohn's disease symptoms and the patient's assessment of the degree to which Crohn's disease affected their productivity while working.~Total activity impairment is the percent impairment of non-work related activities due to Crohn's disease.~WPAI outcomes are expressed as impairment percentages, with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity. A negative change from Baseline indicates improvement." (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: Baseline and 48 weeks after Randomization
| Intervention | percent impairment (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Work time missed | Impairment while working | Overall work impairment | Activity impairment | |
| Clinically Driven Management | -12.8 | -17.5 | -21.7 | -19.2 |
| Tight Control Management | -17.6 | -25.8 | -29.2 | -27.7 |
"Clinical remission was defined as CDAI < 150. CDAI is a tool used to quantify the symptoms of patients with Crohn's disease. The score includes the frequency of stools, abdominal pain and general well-being as well as the presence of complications, use of antidiarrheals, presence of abdominal mass, hematocrit and weight. CDAI generally ranges from 0 to 600 where higher scores indicate more severe disease.~Participants with missing data at each time point were counted as non-responders." (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 and 8 weeks during the prednisone run-in, and 2, 6, 11, 14, 18, 23, 26, 30, 35, 38, 42, and 48 weeks after Randomization.
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 of Prednisone Run-in | Week 8 of Prednisone Run-in | 2 Weeks After Randomization | 6 Weeks After Randomization | 11 Weeks After Randomization | 14 Weeks After Randomization | 18 Weeks After Randomization | 23 Weeks After Randomization | 26 Weeks After Randomization | 30 Weeks After Randomization | 35 Weeks After Randomization | 38 Weeks After Randomization | 42 Weeks After Randomization | 48 Weeks After Randomization | |
| Clinically Driven Management | 24.6 | 14.8 | 23.8 | 32.8 | 41.8 | 8.2 | 9.0 | 50.8 | 4.1 | 3.3 | 45.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 43.4 |
| Tight Control Management | 30.3 | 22.1 | 41.0 | 47.5 | 62.3 | 6.6 | 8.2 | 65.6 | 20.5 | 23.0 | 59.8 | 9.0 | 7.4 | 59.8 |
"Steroid-free remission was defined as CDAI < 150 and discontinuation from steroids for at least 8 weeks. CDAI is a tool used to quantify the symptoms of patients with Crohn's disease. The score includes the frequency of stools, abdominal pain and general well-being as well as the presence of complications, use of antidiarrheals, presence of abdominal mass, hematocrit and weight. CDAI generally ranges from 0 to 600 where higher scores indicate more severe disease.~Participants with missing data at each time point were counted as non-responders." (NCT01235689)
Timeframe: 11, 14, 18, 23, 26, 30, 35, 38, 42, and 48 weeks after Randomization.
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 Weeks After Randomization | 14 Weeks After Randomization | 18 Weeks After Randomization | 23 Weeks After Randomization | 26 Weeks After Randomization | 30 Weeks After Randomization | 35 Weeks After Randomization | 38 Weeks After Randomization | 42 Weeks After Randomization | 48 Weeks After Randomization | |
| Clinically Driven Management | 23.8 | 4.1 | 3.3 | 45.1 | 2.5 | 0.8 | 42.6 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 39.3 |
| Tight Control Management | 39.3 | 4.9 | 7.4 | 63.1 | 18.9 | 21.3 | 59.0 | 9.0 | 7.4 | 59.8 |
Corticosteroid-free clinical remission is defined as a Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) less than (<) 150 in participants who have not received any dose of systemic corticosteroids (prednisone or equivalent) for greater than or equal to (>=) 3 weeks and have not received budesonide at a dose > 6 milligram per day (mg/day) for >= 3 weeks. The total CDAI score ranges from 0 - 600. The lower the CDAI score, the better (i.e., 0 is better and 600 is worse). (NCT00094458)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Azathioprine + Placebo | 30.0 |
| Infliximab + Placebo | 44.4 |
| Infliximab + Azathioprine | 56.8 |
Corticosteroid-free clinical remission is defined as a Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) < 150 who have not received any dose of systemic corticosteroids (prednisone or equivalent) for >= 3 weeks and have not received budesonide at a dose > 6 milligram per day (mg/day) for >= 3 weeks. The total CDAI score ranges from 0 - 600. The lower the CDAI score, the better (i.e., 0 is better and 600 is worse). (NCT00094458)
Timeframe: Week 50
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Azathioprine + Placebo | 54.7 |
| Infliximab + Placebo | 60.8 |
| Infliximab + Azathioprine | 72.2 |
Complete absence of mucosal ulcerations in the colon and terminal ileum as assessed by video endoscopy. (NCT00094458)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Azathioprine + Placebo | 16.5 |
| Infliximab + Placebo | 30.1 |
| Infliximab + Azathioprine | 43.9 |
Average daily dose of systemic corticosteroid concomitant medications(prednisone or equivalent) (NCT00094458)
Timeframe: Weeks 2, 6, 10, 18 and 26
| Intervention | milligram per day (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 2 (n=48, 50, 49) | Week 6 (n=53, 52, 51) | Week 10 (n=56, 56, 52) | Week 18 (n=59, 57, 56) | Week 26 (n=60, 60, 58) | |
| Azathioprine + Placebo | 22.92 | 18.56 | 16.19 | 13.49 | 11.57 |
| Infliximab + Azathioprine | 22.75 | 18.26 | 15.01 | 11.64 | 9.35 |
| Infliximab + Placebo | 21.20 | 17.68 | 15.68 | 13.23 | 10.96 |
Quality of life as measured by the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ). The IBDQ is a 32- item questionnaire and the total IBDQ score can range from 32 (very poor) to 224 (perfect). (NCT00094458)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 2, 6, 10, 18, 26
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 2 (n= 160, 160, 163) | Week 6 (n= 162, 161, 165) | Week 10 (n= 162, 161, 165) | Week 18 (n= 162, 161, 165) | Week 26 (n= 162, 161, 165) | |
| Azathioprine + Placebo | 20.1 | 28.3 | 31.0 | 30.3 | 31.4 |
| Infliximab + Azathioprine | 31.4 | 39.9 | 42.4 | 43.7 | 45.2 |
| Infliximab + Placebo | 27.7 | 34.8 | 37.8 | 39.9 | 39.9 |
Clinical remission is defined as a CDAI < 150, compared to baseline (Week 0) (NCT00094458)
Timeframe: Weeks 2, 6, 10, 18 and 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 2 | Week 6 | Week 10 | Week 18 | Week 26 | |
| Azathioprine + Placebo | 17.6 | 27.6 | 34.1 | 33.5 | 31.8 |
| Infliximab + Azathioprine | 36.7 | 52.1 | 59.8 | 60.4 | 60.4 |
| Infliximab + Placebo | 32.5 | 49.1 | 47.3 | 49.7 | 47.9 |
Clinical remission is defined as a CDAI < 150, compared to baseline (Week 0) (NCT00094458)
Timeframe: Weeks 34, 42 and 50
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 34 | Week 42 | Week 50 | |
| Azathioprine + Placebo | 61.3 | 58.7 | 54.7 |
| Infliximab + Azathioprine | 69.4 | 73.1 | 74.1 |
| Infliximab + Placebo | 66.0 | 72.2 | 66.0 |
Clinical response, defined as a >=100-point decrease in CDAI from Baseline. (NCT00094458)
Timeframe: Weeks 2, 6, 10, 18, 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 2 | Week 6 | Week 10 | Week 18 | Week 26 | |
| Azathioprine + Placebo | 22.4 | 37.6 | 39.4 | 38.8 | 37.6 |
| Infliximab + Azathioprine | 47.3 | 63.3 | 69.2 | 62.7 | 62.1 |
| Infliximab + Placebo | 42.6 | 54.4 | 55.6 | 55.0 | 54.4 |
Clinical response, defined as a >=100-point decrease in CDAI from Baseline. (NCT00094458)
Timeframe: Weeks 34, 42, 50
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 34 | Week 42 | Week 50 | |
| Azathioprine + Placebo | 66.7 | 65.3 | 62.7 |
| Infliximab + Azathioprine | 76.9 | 77.8 | 78.7 |
| Infliximab + Placebo | 76.3 | 74.2 | 72.2 |
"The following 3 criteria will define acute exacerbations in subjects with acute worsening of their respiratory conditions:~1. Clinical (all of the following required): A) Unexplained worsening of dyspnea or cough within 30 days, triggering unscheduled medical care (e.g., emergency room, clinic, study visit, hospitalization). B) No clinical suspicion or overt evidence of cardiac event, pulmonary embolism, or deep venous thrombosis to explain acute worsening of dyspnea. C) No pneumothorax." (NCT00650091)
Timeframe: Measured at Week 60
| Intervention | events (Number) |
|---|---|
| N-Acetylcysteine | 3 |
| Placebo | 3 |
"The time-to-death or a 10% decline in FVC will be defined as the time-to-disease progression.~The 10% decline in FVC from enrollment must be confirmed on 2 consecutive visits no less than 6 weeks apart. For subjects with 2 consecutive visits with a 10% decline in FVC, the time-to-disease progression will be defined as the time interval between enrollment and the initial visit with a 10% FVC decline." (NCT00650091)
Timeframe: Measured at Week 60
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| N-Acetylcysteine | 27.1 |
| Placebo | 26.5 |
Maintained forced vital capacity response was a binary variable taking on a value of 1 for participants with higher FVC % predicted at week 60 compared to baseline. (NCT00650091)
Timeframe: Measured at Week 60
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| N-Acetylcysteine | 29 |
| Placebo | 35 |
Change from Baseline in Forced Vital Capacity at 60 weeks (units in liters) (NCT00650091)
Timeframe: Measured as the estimated change from baseline to Week 60
| Intervention | liters (Mean) |
|---|---|
| N-Acetylcysteine | -0.18 |
| Placebo | -0.19 |
(NCT00650091)
Timeframe: Measured at Week 60
| Intervention | events (Number) |
|---|---|
| N-Acetylcysteine | 6 |
| Placebo | 6 |
Change from Baseline in Forced Vital Capacity at 15, 30, 45, and 60 weeks (units in liters) (NCT00650091)
Timeframe: Baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60 week
| Intervention | liters (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 week | 30 week | 45 week | 60 week | |
| N-Acetylcysteine | -0.07 | -0.07 | -0.15 | -0.16 |
| Placebo | -0.04 | -0.08 | -0.15 | -0.15 |
31 reviews available for azathioprine and Disease Exacerbation
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Clinical management of autoimmune hepatitis.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Disease Progression | 2019 |
Maintenance therapy for lupus nephritis with mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine. A meta-analysis
.
Topics: Azathioprine; Creatinine; Disease Progression; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Failure, Chr | 2019 |
Autoimmune hepatitis treatment in the elderly: A systematic review.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucocorticoids; He | 2019 |
It hasn't gone away: the problem of glucocorticoid use in lupus remains.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antirheumatic Agents; Azathioprine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cata | 2017 |
Are we giving azathioprine too late? The case for early immunomodulation in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Disease Progression; Drug Administratio | 2008 |
[Treatment of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Blood Component Removal; Cyclophospha | 2009 |
[Strategy of immunosuppressants usage for subjects with loss of renal function and infection control on RPGN].
Topics: Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Churg-Strauss Syndrome; Contraindications; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclospor | 2009 |
Immunosuppression in inflammatory bowel disease: traditional, biological or both?
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Biological Products; Colitis, Ulcerati | 2009 |
Transition from pemphigus foliaceus to bullous pemphigoid: intermolecular B-cell epitope spreading without IgG subclass shifting.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aged; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Biopsy, Needle; Combined Mo | 2009 |
ANCA-associated vasculitides: advances in pathophysiology and treatment.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cyto | 2010 |
[Diagnosis and management of small vessel vasculitides].
Topics: Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Mono | 2010 |
Updates on the treatment of lupus nephritis.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Disease Progression; Dose-Response Relation | 2010 |
Interstitial lung disease associated with the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: what progress has been made in the past 35 years?
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; B | 2010 |
Pharmacological management of autoimmune hepatitis.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Disease Progression; End Stage Liver Disease; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Hum | 2011 |
Long-term results of a randomized controlled trial in childhood IgA nephropathy.
Topics: Adolescent; Anticoagulants; Azathioprine; Cell Proliferation; Child; Dipyridamole; Disease Progressi | 2011 |
Dutch guidelines for diagnosis and therapy of proliferative lupus nephritis.
Topics: Antirheumatic Agents; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Cyclophosphamide; Disease Progression; Humans; Immunosup | 2012 |
Recent news in the treatment of lupus nephritis.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; Azathioprine; Calcineurin Inhibitors; Clinical Trials as Top | 2012 |
Mycophenolate mofetil versus azathioprine as maintenance therapy for lupus nephritis: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Child; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive | 2013 |
Therapeutic options for sarcoidosis: new and old.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Glucocorticoids; H | 2002 |
Treatment strategies in autoimmune hepatitis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Budesonide; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclosporine; Disease Progression; Hepatitis, Au | 2002 |
Prevention of autoimmune attack and disease progression in multiple sclerosis: current therapies and future prospects.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; B-Lymphocytes; Cyclophosphamide; Disease | 2002 |
Autoimmune hepatitis. Making sense of all those antibodies.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Antinuclear; Asialoglycoprotein Receptor; A | 2003 |
Presentation of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis in the pediatric population.
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Blood Sedimentation; Child; Combined Modality Therapy; Creatinine | 2003 |
Azathioprine and methotrexate in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immu | 2004 |
Damage control in rheumatoid arthritis. Hard-hitting, early treatment is crucial to curbing joint destruction.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Humans; Hydroxychloroquine; Immunologic Fa | 2004 |
[The clinical spectrum of dermatomyositis].
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosp | 2005 |
[Risk of atherosclerosis development in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Arteriosclerosis; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Blood Coagulation Disorders | 2005 |
[Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: treatment].
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Acute Disease; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Azathioprine; Benz | 2006 |
Current therapy for autoimmune hepatitis.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Azathioprine; Biopsy, Needle; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Combinati | 2007 |
Meta-analysis of the placebo-treated groups in clinical trials of progressive MS.
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Brain Stem; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Cyclosporine; Di | 1996 |
Immunologic therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Autoimmune Diseases; Azat | 2001 |
29 trials available for azathioprine and Disease Exacerbation
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Deep Remission at 1 Year Prevents Progression of Early Crohn's Disease.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Disease Progression; Drug | 2020 |
Adding Azathioprine to Remission-Induction Glucocorticoids for Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss), Microscopic Polyangiitis, or Polyarteritis Nodosa Without Poor Prognosis Factors: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asthma; Azathioprine; Churg-Strauss Syndrome; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; | 2017 |
Evolution of cortical and thalamus atrophy and disability progression in early relapsing-remitting MS during 5 years.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adult; Atrophy; Azathioprine; Cerebral Cortex; Disability Evaluation; Diseas | 2013 |
Validation of endoscopic activity scores in patients with Crohn's disease based on a post hoc analysis of data from SONIC.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Crohn Disease; Disease Progression; Dru | 2013 |
Randomized trial of acetylcysteine in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Aged; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2014 |
Randomized trial of acetylcysteine in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Aged; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2014 |
Randomized trial of acetylcysteine in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Aged; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2014 |
Randomized trial of acetylcysteine in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Aged; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2014 |
Peripheral CD5+ B cells in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Mur | 2015 |
Tacrolimus versus mycophenolate mofetil for induction therapy of lupus nephritis: a randomised controlled trial and long-term follow-up.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Creatinine; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Combin | 2016 |
Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis: 2-year results of a randomised trial.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Der | 2015 |
Long-term follow-up of the MAINTAIN Nephritis Trial, comparing azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil as maintenance therapy of lupus nephritis.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agent | 2016 |
Gray matter atrophy and disability progression in patients with early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a 5-year longitudinal study.
Topics: Adult; Atrophy; Azathioprine; Brain; Cerebral Ventricles; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Combina | 2009 |
Randomized study of interferon beta-1a, low-dose azathioprine, and low-dose corticosteroids in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Atrophy; Azathioprine; Brain; Disability Evaluation; | 2009 |
Lung function in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis--extended analyses of the IFIGENIA trial.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Aged; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2009 |
Long-term results of a randomized controlled trial in childhood IgA nephropathy.
Topics: Adolescent; Anticoagulants; Azathioprine; Cell Proliferation; Child; Dipyridamole; Disease Progressi | 2011 |
Effect of everolimus introduction on cardiac allograft vasculopathy--results of a randomized, multicenter trial.
Topics: Aged; Azathioprine; C-Reactive Protein; Calcineurin Inhibitors; Disease Progression; Dose-Response R | 2011 |
Therapeutic drug monitoring of thiopurine metabolites in adult thiopurine tolerant IBD patients on maintenance therapy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Biomarkers, Pharmacological; Chromatography, High Pressure Li | 2012 |
Interferon, azathioprine and corticosteroids in multiple sclerosis: 6-year follow-up of the ASA cohort.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Brain; Cohort Stud | 2012 |
Prednisone, azathioprine, and N-acetylcysteine for pulmonary fibrosis.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Aged; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
Prednisone, azathioprine, and N-acetylcysteine for pulmonary fibrosis.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Aged; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
Prednisone, azathioprine, and N-acetylcysteine for pulmonary fibrosis.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Aged; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
Prednisone, azathioprine, and N-acetylcysteine for pulmonary fibrosis.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Aged; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
Prednisone, azathioprine, and N-acetylcysteine for pulmonary fibrosis.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Aged; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
Prednisone, azathioprine, and N-acetylcysteine for pulmonary fibrosis.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Aged; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
Prednisone, azathioprine, and N-acetylcysteine for pulmonary fibrosis.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Aged; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
Prednisone, azathioprine, and N-acetylcysteine for pulmonary fibrosis.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Aged; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
Prednisone, azathioprine, and N-acetylcysteine for pulmonary fibrosis.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Aged; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
Prednisone, azathioprine, and N-acetylcysteine for pulmonary fibrosis.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Aged; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
Prednisone, azathioprine, and N-acetylcysteine for pulmonary fibrosis.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Aged; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
Prednisone, azathioprine, and N-acetylcysteine for pulmonary fibrosis.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Aged; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
Prednisone, azathioprine, and N-acetylcysteine for pulmonary fibrosis.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Aged; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
Prednisone, azathioprine, and N-acetylcysteine for pulmonary fibrosis.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Aged; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
Prednisone, azathioprine, and N-acetylcysteine for pulmonary fibrosis.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Aged; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
Prednisone, azathioprine, and N-acetylcysteine for pulmonary fibrosis.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Aged; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
Conversion of azathioprine to mycophenolate mofetil and chronic graft failure progression.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Azathioprine; Creatinine; Disease Progression; Female; G | 2005 |
Intravenous dexamethasone-cyclophosphamide pulse therapy in comparison with oral methylprednisolone-azathioprine therapy in patients with pemphigus: results of a multicenter prospectively randomized study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Cyclop | 2005 |
Sirolimus attenuates the rate of progression of early chronic allograft nephropathy.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Blood Pressure; Chronic Disease; Creatinine; Cyclosporine; Disease Prog | 2006 |
Treatment with cyclophosphamide delays the progression of chronic lesions more effectively than does treatment with azathioprine plus methylprednisolone in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Creatinine; Cyclophosphamide; Disease Progres | 2007 |
Evolution of different MRI measures in patients with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis over 2 and 5 years: a case-control study.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adolescent; Adult; Atrophy; Azathioprine; Brain; Cerebral Ventricles; Diseas | 2008 |
Treatment of renal failure in idiopathic membranous nephropathy with azathioprine and prednisolone.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Female; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous; | 1998 |
The impact of azathioprine on chronic viral hepatitis in renal transplantation: a long-term, single-center, prospective study on azathioprine withdrawal.
Topics: Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Azathioprine; Bilirubin; Disease Progression; Dose-Response Relationshi | 1999 |
Combined therapy of corticosteroid and azathioprine in hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aged; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dura Ma | 2000 |
Mycophenolate mofetil prevents the progression of chronic kidney allograft nephropathy.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Creatinine; Cyclosporine; Disease Progression; Female; Follow-Up Studie | 2000 |
Controlled prospective trial of prednisolone and cytotoxics in progressive IgA nephropathy.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Disease Progression; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Erythr | 2002 |
Mycophenolate mofetil decreases antibody production after cardiac transplantation.
Topics: Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Disease; Disease Progression | 2002 |
Subclinical exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in dogs.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Dietary Supplements; Disease Progression; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Enzyme Therapy; | 2002 |
143 other studies available for azathioprine and Disease Exacerbation
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Determination of the main causes, outcome, and prognostic factors of patients with rheumatologic diseases admitted to the medical intensive care unit in Southern Iran.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Dyspnea; Female; Hospital Mortality; Human | 2022 |
Long-term Outcome of Autoimmune Hepatitis: Consecutive Patient Cohort and Data on the Second Twenty Years.
Topics: Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Recurren | 2023 |
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: Plasmapheresis or cyclosporine can be good treatment options in refractory cases.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Cyclosporine; Disease Progression; Female; Glucoc | 2019 |
Clinical course of acute deep vein thrombosis of the legs in Behçet's syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Behcet Syndrome; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosporine; Disease Progression; Female; F | 2020 |
Adalimumab versus azathioprine to halt the progression of bowel damage in Crohn's disease: application of Lémann Index.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Disease | 2019 |
Skin improvement is a surrogate for favourable changes in other organ systems in early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Female; Heart; Humans; Immunosupp | 2020 |
Clinical and therapeutic predictors of disease outcomes in AQP4-IgG+ neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aquaporin 4; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Human | 2020 |
Multiple jeopardy: Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in vasculitic flare.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Clinical Decision-Making; Cyclophosphamide; Diagnosis, Differ | 2020 |
Beneficial effects of intravenous immunoglobulin as an add-on therapy to azathioprine for NMO-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin | 2020 |
Long-term outcome in PSC patients receiving azathioprine: Does immunosuppression have a positive effect on survival?
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bile Ducts; Cholangiocarcinoma; Cholangitis, Sclerosing; Disease Progression; F | 2020 |
Eosinophilic Fasciitis - Clinical Features and Therapeutic Management.
Topics: Azathioprine; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Combination; Eosinophilia; | 2020 |
Efficacy of tacrolimus as maintenance therapy after cyclophosphamide for treating antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis; Azathiop | 2021 |
[Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) in children in Dakar: about 40 cases].
Topics: Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Cyclophosphamide; Disease Progression; Female; Glucocorticoid | 2017 |
Longterm Data on Disease Flares in Patients with Proliferative Lupus Nephritis in Recent Years.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive A | 2017 |
Prolonged azathioprine treatment reduces the need for surgery in early Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Crohn Disease; Disease Progression; Female; Follow-Up Studies; | 2018 |
Effects of Perianal Involvement on Clinical Outcomes in Crohn's Disease over 10 Years.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Anus Diseases; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Disease Prog | 2018 |
Paediatric acute disseminated encephalomyelitis followed by optic neuritis: disease course, treatment response and outcome.
Topics: Adolescent; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Progression; Encephalomye | 2018 |
Long-term follow-up of a combined rituximab and cyclophosphamide regimen in renal anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculit | 2019 |
Preemptive immunosuppressive treatment for asymptomatic serological reactivation may reduce renal flares in patients with lupus nephritis: a cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Immunosuppress | 2019 |
Clinical and prognostic implications of acute onset of Autoimmune Hepatitis: An Italian multicentre study.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Bi | 2018 |
Impact of thiopurines on the natural history and surgical outcome of ulcerative colitis: a cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Disease Progression; Drug-Related Side Effects | 2019 |
Unmet needs and new models for future trials in autoimmune hepatitis.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Child; Disease Progression; Hepatitis, Aut | 2018 |
Treating neuromyelitis optica with azathioprine: 20-year clinical practice.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agent | 2019 |
On the threshold of personalized medicine in inflammatory bowel disease: Next generation genetic predictors.
Topics: Azathioprine; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Combination; Genome-Wid | 2018 |
Cerebral granulomatosis as a manifestation of Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Crohn Disease; Disease Progression; Fe | 2018 |
A risk score system to timely manage treatment in Crohn's disease: a cohort study.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Disease Progression; Female; Follow-Up | 2018 |
Biochemical Markers, Genotype, and Inflammation in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Danish Population-Based Study.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Colitis, Ulcerative; | 2019 |
Belimumab in refractory organizing pneumonia associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report.
Topics: Antibodies, Antinuclear; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; | 2019 |
Non-severe eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: long-term outcomes after remission-induction trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asthma; Azathioprine; Churg-Strauss Syndrome; Disease Progression; Disease-Free Surviva | 2019 |
The Prevalence and Causes of Non-adherence to Immunosuppressive Medications in Patients with Lupus Nephritis Flares.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Drug Costs; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reaction | 2020 |
Up-regulation of urinary markers predict outcome in IgA nephropathy but their predictive value is influenced by treatment with steroids and azathioprine.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Biopsy; Creatinine; Cytokin | 2013 |
Immunosuppressive drug azathioprine reduces aneurysm progression through inhibition of Rac1 and c-Jun-terminal-N-kinase in endothelial cells.
Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Aortic Aneurysm; Aortic Rupture; Apolipoproteins | 2013 |
Clinical features and course of ulcerative colitis diagnosed in asymptomatic subjects.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Asymptomatic Diseases | 2014 |
[Value of adhesion molecules for evaluating the efficiency of therapy for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Colitis, Ulc | 2014 |
Is it possible to change phenotype progression in Crohn's disease in the era of immunomodulators? Predictive factors of phenotype progression.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Diagnostic Imaging; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Immunos | 2014 |
Harmful effects of the azathioprine metabolite 6-mercaptopurine in vascular cells: induction of mineralization.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Azathioprine; Calcium; Disease Progression; Mercaptopurine; Minera | 2014 |
Recurrent right atrial thrombosis due to Behçet disease.
Topics: Anticoagulants; Azathioprine; Behcet Syndrome; Disease Progression; Heart Atria; Heart Diseases; Hum | 2014 |
Long-Term Impact of Different Immunosuppressive Drugs on QT and PR Intervals in Renal Transplant Patients.
Topics: Adult; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Disease Progression | 2015 |
Brainstem lymphoma in a myasthenia gravis patient on azathioprine.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Brain Stem Neoplasms; Disease Progression; Fatal Outcome; Humans; I | 2015 |
[No best treatment for severe outbreaks: Maintenance, the key in colitis].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Disease Manage | 2011 |
Mixed connective tissue disease associated with autoimmune hepatitis and pulmonary fibrosis.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Bronchoscopy; Disease Progression; Female; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Human | 2014 |
Serum C-reactive protein and CRP genotype in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: influence on phenotype, natural history, and response to therapy.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Child; Cohort Studies; Colitis, Ulcerative; Com | 2015 |
A 41-year-old woman with shortness of breath and history of rash and recurrent laryngeal edema.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Complement System Proteins; Disease Progression; Dyspnea; Female; Glucocorticoi | 2015 |
Childhood CIDP: Study of 31 patients and comparison between slow and rapid-onset groups.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Progression; Ear | 2015 |
Interleukin-1 blockade in neuro-Behçet's disease: a case-based reflection.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Behcet Syndrome; Dis | 2017 |
The association of autoimmune diseases with pediatric ulcerative colitis does not influence its disease course.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Col | 2016 |
Infliximab in ulcerative colitis: real-life analysis of factors predicting treatment discontinuation due to lack of response or colectomy: ECIA (ACAD Colitis and Infliximab Study).
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Calcineurin Inhibitors; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative | 2016 |
Early Thiopurines Versus Conventional Step-Care Therapy for Modifying the Disease Course of Early Crohn's Disease: A Tertiary Referral Center Cohort Study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Di | 2015 |
Histologically confirmed case of cerebral vasculitis associated with Crohn's disease--a case report.
Topics: Adalimumab; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Biopsy; | 2015 |
Renal flare prediction and prognosis in lupus nephritis Hispanic patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Chi-Square Distribution; Creatinine; Disease Progressio | 2016 |
Editorial: preventing disease progression in Crohn's--can we shut the stable door before the horse bolts?
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Disease Progression; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Mesalamine; | 2015 |
Interstitial lung disease as first clinical manifestation within the antisynthetase syndrome--dermatomyositis.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Antinuclear; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Dermatomyositis; Disease P | 2015 |
Effect of mucosal healing (Mayo 0) on clinical relapse in patients with ulcerative colitis in clinical remission.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; C | 2016 |
Inflammatory pseudotumour of the maxilla.
Topics: Aged; Azathioprine; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Combined Modality Therapy; Disease Progression; Dose | 2016 |
New onset of lupus nephritis in two patients with SLE shortly after initiation of treatment with belimumab.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Combinati | 2017 |
Anti-TNF therapy is able to stabilize bowel damage progression in patients with Crohn's disease. A study performed using the Lémann Index.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Colonoscopy; Crohn Disease; Dise | 2017 |
Vulvar inflammation: a presentation of Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antirheumatic Agents; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Colonoscopy; Crohn Disease; Disease P | 2017 |
Endoscopic aspect of a severe CMV colitis induced by azathioprine in a patient with ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colon; Cytomegalovirus I | 2016 |
Pemphigus mouse model as a tool to evaluate various immunosuppressive therapies.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Body Weight; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosporine; Desmoglein 3; Dexamethasone; Dis | 2009 |
Long-term graft outcome in patients with chronic allograft nephropathy after immunosuppression modifications.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Cyclosporine; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2009 |
An unusual complication of immunosuppression in myasthenia gravis: progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Ataxia; Azathioprine; Brain; Cognition Disorders; Disease Progressio | 2009 |
Eosinophilic myositis in calpainopathy: could immunosuppression of the eosinophilic myositis alter the early natural course of the dystrophic disease?
Topics: Azathioprine; Calpain; Child; Creatine Kinase; Disease Progression; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | 2009 |
[Present status and future perspective of RPGN in Japan].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Blood Component Removal; Cyclophosphamide; Disease Progressio | 2009 |
Clinical spectrum of vulva metastatic Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Colon; Colonoscopy; Crohn Disease; Disease Progression; | 2009 |
Perianal disease, small bowel disease, smoking, prior steroid or early azathioprine/biological therapy are predictors of disease behavior change in patients with Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adult; Anus Diseases; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Crohn Disease; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; | 2009 |
Increased plasma myeloperoxidase levels in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Antimalarials; Arthritis; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cy | 2010 |
A case of difficult-to-treat autoimmune hepatitis successfully managed by TNF-alpha blockade.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Biopsy, Needle; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Comb | 2009 |
Ocular myasthenia gravis in a senior population: diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis.
Topics: Age Factors; Age of Onset; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Chi-Square Distribution; Cyclospor | 2010 |
Experience with mycophenolate mofetil as maintenance therapy in five pediatric patients with severe systemic lupus erythematosus.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Child; Disease Progression; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy | 2009 |
[Recurrent hemoptysis in a 29-year old woman].
Topics: Adult; Anemia; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Bronchoscopy; Combined Modality Thera | 2010 |
Natural history of azathioprine-associated lymphopenia in inflammatory bowel disease patients: a prospective observational study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Immun | 2011 |
Apolipoprotein E ε4-positive multiple sclerosis patients develop more gray-matter and whole-brain atrophy: a 15-year disease history model based on a 4-year longitudinal study.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Apolipoprotein E4; Atrophy; Azathioprine; B | 2010 |
[Radiological deterioration in a patient with cavitary lung lesion].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; Breast Implantation; Disease Progression; | 2011 |
Does the severity of primary sclerosing cholangitis influence the clinical course of associated ulcerative colitis?
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Cholangitis, Sclerosing; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colonic Neoplasm | 2011 |
Everolimus for cardiac allograft vasculopathy--every patient, at any time?
Topics: Azathioprine; Calcineurin Inhibitors; Cell Proliferation; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Combina | 2011 |
British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines for management of autoimmune hepatitis.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Progre | 2011 |
Rituximab-induced interstitial lung disease in a patient with immune thrombocytopenia purpura.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; Azathioprine; Combined Modality Therapy; | 2012 |
Unusual manifestations of pediatric neuromyelitis optica.
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Brain; Choline; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease | 2013 |
Cochleovestibular nerve involvement in multifocal fibrosclerosis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Biopsy; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Progression; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; | 2012 |
Fever and pancytopenia in a patient with Crohn's disease.
Topics: Angiography; Antiviral Agents; Azathioprine; Cecum; Crohn Disease; Digestive System Surgical Procedu | 2013 |
Herpes zoster motor neuropathy in a patient with previous motor paresis secondary to Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Disease Progression; Electromyography; Female; Herpes Zost | 2013 |
Digital image analysis of collagen assessment of progression of fibrosis in recurrent HCV after liver transplantation.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Cohort Studies; Collagen; Disease Progression; Female | 2013 |
Long-term renal outcome and complications in South Africans with proliferative lupus nephritis.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Blood Pressure; Creatinine; Cyclophosphamide; Disease | 2013 |
[Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa--is it really benign?].
Topics: Amputation, Surgical; Arteries; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Disease Progression; Fatal Outcome; Female; Fl | 2012 |
Long-term efficacy of interferon-alpha in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.
Topics: Axons; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Disease Progression; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Hu | 2002 |
Combination therapy with interferon beta-1b and azathioprine in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. A two-year pilot study.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adult; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; | 2002 |
Partial and significant reversal of progressive visual and neurological deficits in multiple sclerosis: a possible therapeutic effect.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glatiramer Acetate; Hum | 2002 |
A patient with immunological features of paraneoplastic pemphigus in the absence of a detectable malignancy.
Topics: Aged; Autoantibodies; Autoantigens; Azathioprine; Cytoskeletal Proteins; Desmoplakins; Disease Progr | 2002 |
Treating IgA Nephropathy - Who, When and How?.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Azathioprine; Cyclophospha | 2003 |
Successful treatment of dermatomyositis-related rapidly progressive interstitial pneumonitis with sequential oral cyclophosphamide and azathioprine.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Antirheumatic Agents; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Dermatomyositis; Disease | 2003 |
Pemphigus vulgaris with nail involvement presenting with vegetating and verrucous lesions.
Topics: Aged; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Disease Progre | 2003 |
Acute aphasia in multiple sclerosis: A multicenter study of 22 patients.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Aphasia; Azathioprine; Brain; Cohort Studies; Comorb | 2004 |
[Recurrent polychondritis: apropos of a case].
Topics: Aspirin; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Conjunctivitis; Cyclos | 2003 |
Treatment with immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory agents delays onset of canine genetic narcolepsy and reduces symptom severity.
Topics: Age of Onset; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progr | 2004 |
Benign multiple sclerosis is characterized by a stable neuroimmunologic network.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Disability Evaluation; Disease Progression; Female; Fo | 2004 |
Sustained remission of CIDP associated with Evans syndrome.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclon | 2004 |
Mucosal healing in pediatric Crohn's disease: the goal of medical treatment.
Topics: Age Factors; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Child; Crohn Disease; Disease Progression; Drug R | 2004 |
Diagnosis and monitoring a case of light-chain deposition disease in the kidney using a new, sensitive immunoassay.
Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Azathioprine; Basement Membrane; Disease Progression | 2005 |
Long-term follow-up of patients with birdshot retinochoroidopathy treated with corticosteroid-sparing systemic immunomodulatory therapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Choroid Diseas | 2005 |
Extrathymic malignancies in patients with myasthenia gravis.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Age of Onset; Aged; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Fema | 2005 |
Chemoprevention of colorectal neoplasia in ulcerative colitis: the effect of 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colorectal Neoplasms; Dis | 2005 |
CNS involvement occurs more frequently in patients with Behçet's disease under cyclosporin A (CSA) than under other medications--results of a retrospective analysis of 117 cases.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Azathioprine; Behcet Syndrome; Cohort Studies; | 2006 |
Predictors of immunomodulator use as early therapy in pediatric Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Child, Preschool; Crohn Diseas | 2006 |
Incidence of Crohn disease in the Czech Republic in the years 1990 to 2001 and assessment of pediatric population with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Age Factors; Aminosalicylic Acids; Azathioprine; Child; Child, | 2006 |
Sustained remission of lupus nephritis.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Antirheumatic Agents; Azathioprine; Creatinine; Cyclophosphamide; Di | 2006 |
Short-term outcomes of severe lupus nephritis in a cohort of predominantly African-American children.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Black or African American; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies | 2006 |
Transition from pemphigus foliaceus to pemphigus vulgaris: case report with literature review.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Autoantibodies; Autoantigens; Azathioprine; Blotting, Western; Cell Membrane; Disease P | 2006 |
The dynamism of cutaneous lupus erythematosus: mild discoid lupus erythematosus evolving into SLE with SCLE and treatment-resistant lupus panniculitis.
Topics: Antimalarials; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosporine; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Comb | 2007 |
Preventing cardiac allograft vasculopathy: long-term beneficial effects of mycophenolate mofetil.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Coronary Disease; Disease Progression; Heart Transplantation; | 2006 |
[Treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Age Factors; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Azathioprine; Cyclopho | 2006 |
Myasthenia gravis in children: a longitudinal study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Age Distribution; Age of Onset; Azathioprine; Child; Chi | 2006 |
Rapid progression of Myelodysplastic syndrome to acute myeloid leukemia on sequential azathioprine, IFN-beta and copolymer-1 in a patient with multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Acute Disease; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Fatal Outcome; Female; Glatiramer Acetate; Humans; | 2006 |
A case of Churg-Strauss syndrome associated with antiphospholipid antibodies.
Topics: Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; Azathioprine; Biopsy, Needle; Churg-Strauss Syndrome; Disease Progress | 2007 |
Acute exacerbation (acute lung injury of unknown cause) in UIP and other forms of fibrotic interstitial pneumonias.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Cyclophosphamide; Disease Progres | 2007 |
Acute exacerbation (acute lung injury of unknown cause) in UIP and other forms of fibrotic interstitial pneumonias.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Cyclophosphamide; Disease Progres | 2007 |
Acute exacerbation (acute lung injury of unknown cause) in UIP and other forms of fibrotic interstitial pneumonias.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Cyclophosphamide; Disease Progres | 2007 |
Acute exacerbation (acute lung injury of unknown cause) in UIP and other forms of fibrotic interstitial pneumonias.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Cyclophosphamide; Disease Progres | 2007 |
Evolution and treatment of childhood chronic inflammatory polyneuropathy.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Progression; Female; Gluco | 2007 |
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in a diabetic patient: deterioration after intravenous immunoglobulins treatment and favorable response to steroid treatment.
Topics: Azathioprine; Diabetic Neuropathies; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulins, Intraveno | 2007 |
Development of autoimmune hepatitis in primary biliary cirrhosis.
Topics: Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Azathioprine; Ch | 2007 |
Autoimmune pancreatitis: clinical and radiological features and objective response to steroid therapy in a UK series.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Com | 2007 |
Dropped-head syndrome due to steroid responsive focal myositis: a case report and review of the literature.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Di | 2008 |
Outcome of pemphigus vulgaris.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2008 |
Clinical and laboratory characteristics and long-term outcome of pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus: a longitudinal study.
Topics: Adolescent; Age of Onset; Antimalarials; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Central Nervous System Diseas | 2008 |
Can immunosuppressive drugs slow the progression of IgA nephropathy?
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Disease Progression; Female; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; | 1995 |
Natural history of focal moderate cardiac allograft rejection. Is treatment warranted?
Topics: Azathioprine; Biopsy; Cyclosporine; Disease Progression; Endocardium; Female; Graft Rejection; Heart | 1995 |
Common variable immunodeficiency presenting in a girl as lung infiltrates and mediastinal adenopathies leading to severe "superior vena caval" syndrome.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Child; Common Variable Immunodeficiency; Diagnosis, Differen | 1996 |
Fulminant course of a microinvasive vulvar carcinoma in an immunosuppressed woman.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Carcinogens; Carcinoma in Situ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Condylomata Acuminata | 1997 |
The clinical and pathologic constellation of Wegener granulomatosis of the orbit.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Child; Cyclop | 1997 |
Vinorelbine therapy for Kaposi's sarcoma in a kidney transplant patient.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Disease Progression; Follow-Up Studie | 1997 |
Pancreatitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; | 1997 |
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in a boy with hypocomplementaemic urticarial vasculitis.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Biopsy, Needle; Child, Preschool; Complement System Proteins; | 1998 |
Treatment of progressive renal failure in idiopathic membranous nephropathy with azathioprine and prednisolone.
Topics: Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Follow-Up Studies; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous; Glucocorticoid | 1998 |
[Rapidly progressive irradiated cervical cancer that metastasized to the liver during therapy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressiv | 1999 |
Wegener granulomatosis in children and young adults. A case study of ten patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Azathioprine; Child; Cyclophosphamide; Disease Progre | 2000 |
[Index of histopathological changes in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis: a preliminary report].
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Child; Chronic Dise | 2000 |
Intracystic hemorrhage of pancreatic serous cystadenoma after renal transplantation: report of a case.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cystadenoma, Serous; Disease Progression; Hemorrhage; Humans; Immunosuppressive | 2000 |
Excellent effect of steroid plus azathioprine in a young woman with pernicious anaemia and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Topics: Adult; Anemia, Pernicious; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow Examination; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, | 2000 |
Plasmapheresis as an effective treatment for opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome.
Topics: Azathioprine; Child; Combined Modality Therapy; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Neurologic Exam | 2001 |
Immunosuppressive therapy in serpiginous choroiditis--case report and brief review of the literature.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Choroiditis; Cyclosporine; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fluo | 2001 |
Oral lichen planus: patient profile, disease progression and treatment responses.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Ce | 2001 |
Treatment of lupus nephritis: art or science?
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Disease Progression; Drug Administration S | 2001 |
Histological recurrence and progression of hepatitis C after orthotopic liver transplantation: influence of immunosuppressive regimens.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Female; Hepatitis C; Humans; Immunosuppr | 2001 |
The effect of treatment and its related side effects in patients with severe ocular cicatricial pemphigoid.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathi | 2002 |
Natural history and outcome in 32 Swedish patients with small duct primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Bile Ducts, Extrahepati | 2002 |
Long-term prognosis of ulcerative colitis and its temporal changes between 1986 and 2015 in a population-based cohort in the Songpa-Kangdong district of Seoul, Korea.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Disease Progression; Fem | 2020 |