Page last updated: 2024-10-23

azathioprine and Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure

azathioprine has been researched along with Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure in 14 studies

Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"Azathioprine (AZA), an oral immunosuppressant, is safe during pregnancy."9.05In utero exposure to Azathioprine in autoimmune disease. Where do we stand? ( Alijotas-Reig, J; Andreoli, L; Bahi Buisson, N; Belizna, C; Bernard, L; Bidsatze, V; Borghi, MO; Briet, M; Bromley, R; Chighizola, C; Cohen Tervaert, JW; Cohen, H; Damian, L; Devreese, K; Djokovic, A; Elefant-Amoura, E; Esteve-Valverde, E; Fassot, C; Gascoin, G; Gebhart, J; Guihot, AL; Hasan, M; Henrion, D; Kelchtermans, H; Khizroeva, J; Lagarce, L; Latino, JO; Levy, A; Lopez Pedrera, R; Loufrani, L; Makatsariya, A; Mattera, PM; Meroni, PL; Muchardt, C; Pabinger, I; Pellier, I; Peretti, P; Pindi Sala, T; Pregnolato, F; Rakotonjanahary, J; Rivière, M; Saiet, M; Shoenfeld, Y; Stanisavljevic, N; Stojanovich, L; Tincani, A; Udry, S; Ungeheuer, MN; Voswinkel, J, 2020)
"Data on birth outcome after exposure to azathioprine or mercaptopurine during pregnancy is sparse."7.74Birth outcome in women treated with azathioprine or mercaptopurine during pregnancy: A Danish nationwide cohort study. ( Gislum, M; Langagergaard, V; Nørgard, B; Pedersen, L; Sørensen, HT, 2007)
"Azathioprine is commonly used in Crohn's disease."5.48A Severe Neonatal Lymphopenia Associated With Administration of Azathioprine to the Mother in a Context of Crohn's Disease. ( Audrain, M; Caldari, D; Dert, C; Hémont, C; Joyau, C; Léger, A; Mirallié, S; Monteil-Ganiere, C; Thomas, C, 2018)
"Azathioprine (AZA), an oral immunosuppressant, is safe during pregnancy."5.05In utero exposure to Azathioprine in autoimmune disease. Where do we stand? ( Alijotas-Reig, J; Andreoli, L; Bahi Buisson, N; Belizna, C; Bernard, L; Bidsatze, V; Borghi, MO; Briet, M; Bromley, R; Chighizola, C; Cohen Tervaert, JW; Cohen, H; Damian, L; Devreese, K; Djokovic, A; Elefant-Amoura, E; Esteve-Valverde, E; Fassot, C; Gascoin, G; Gebhart, J; Guihot, AL; Hasan, M; Henrion, D; Kelchtermans, H; Khizroeva, J; Lagarce, L; Latino, JO; Levy, A; Lopez Pedrera, R; Loufrani, L; Makatsariya, A; Mattera, PM; Meroni, PL; Muchardt, C; Pabinger, I; Pellier, I; Peretti, P; Pindi Sala, T; Pregnolato, F; Rakotonjanahary, J; Rivière, M; Saiet, M; Shoenfeld, Y; Stanisavljevic, N; Stojanovich, L; Tincani, A; Udry, S; Ungeheuer, MN; Voswinkel, J, 2020)
"Azathioprine (AZA) is recognized among immunosuppressive medications as relatively safe during pregnancy for women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) requiring aggressive treatment."3.79In utero azathioprine exposure and increased utilization of special educational services in children born to mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Ganser, MA; Gordon, C; Hyzy, MA; Marder, W; McCune, WJ; Romero, V; Somers, EC, 2013)
"To assess the risk of infections in offspring breastfed by mothers receiving azathioprine (AZA) for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)."3.77Long-term follow-up of babies exposed to azathioprine in utero and via breastfeeding. ( Angelberger, S; Dejaco, C; Messerschmidt, A; Miehsler, W; Novacek, G; Reinisch, W; Vogelsang, H, 2011)
"Data on birth outcome after exposure to azathioprine or mercaptopurine during pregnancy is sparse."3.74Birth outcome in women treated with azathioprine or mercaptopurine during pregnancy: A Danish nationwide cohort study. ( Gislum, M; Langagergaard, V; Nørgard, B; Pedersen, L; Sørensen, HT, 2007)
"Our primary aim was to assess infection rate and our secondary aims were to assess adverse reactions to vaccinations, growth, autoimmune diseases and malignancies."1.62Health outcomes of 1000 children born to mothers with inflammatory bowel disease in their first 5 years of life. ( Beukers, R; Bodelier, A; de Boer, N; de Lima, A; Depla, ACTM; Dijkstra, G; Erler, N; Escher, JC; Gilissen, L; Hoentjen, F; Jansen, JM; Kanis, SL; Kuyvenhoven, J; Mahmmod, N; Mallant-Hent, RC; Modderman, S; Noruzi, A; Oldenburg, B; Oostenbrug, LE; Pierik, M; Romberg-Camps, M; Ter Borg, PCJ; Thijs, W; van der Meulen-de Jong, AE; van der Woude, CJ; van Dijk, ARM; West, R, 2021)
"Azathioprine is commonly used in Crohn's disease."1.48A Severe Neonatal Lymphopenia Associated With Administration of Azathioprine to the Mother in a Context of Crohn's Disease. ( Audrain, M; Caldari, D; Dert, C; Hémont, C; Joyau, C; Léger, A; Mirallié, S; Monteil-Ganiere, C; Thomas, C, 2018)

Research

Studies (14)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19902 (14.29)18.7374
1990's1 (7.14)18.2507
2000's2 (14.29)29.6817
2010's6 (42.86)24.3611
2020's3 (21.43)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Belizna, C1
Meroni, PL1
Shoenfeld, Y1
Devreese, K1
Alijotas-Reig, J1
Esteve-Valverde, E1
Chighizola, C1
Pregnolato, F1
Cohen, H1
Fassot, C1
Mattera, PM1
Peretti, P1
Levy, A1
Bernard, L1
Saiet, M1
Lagarce, L1
Briet, M1
Rivière, M1
Pellier, I1
Gascoin, G1
Rakotonjanahary, J1
Borghi, MO1
Stojanovich, L1
Djokovic, A1
Stanisavljevic, N1
Bromley, R1
Elefant-Amoura, E1
Bahi Buisson, N1
Pindi Sala, T1
Kelchtermans, H1
Makatsariya, A1
Bidsatze, V1
Khizroeva, J1
Latino, JO1
Udry, S1
Henrion, D1
Loufrani, L1
Guihot, AL1
Muchardt, C1
Hasan, M1
Ungeheuer, MN1
Voswinkel, J1
Damian, L1
Pabinger, I1
Gebhart, J1
Lopez Pedrera, R1
Cohen Tervaert, JW1
Tincani, A2
Andreoli, L1
Mahadevan, U1
Long, MD1
Kane, SV1
Roy, A1
Dubinsky, MC1
Sands, BE1
Cohen, RD1
Chambers, CD1
Sandborn, WJ1
Thomas, C1
Monteil-Ganiere, C1
Mirallié, S1
Hémont, C1
Dert, C1
Léger, A1
Joyau, C1
Caldari, D1
Audrain, M1
Lopez-Lopez, I1
Rodelo-Haad, C1
Agüera, ML1
Cabello-Jabalquinto, R1
Esquivias-Motta, E1
Navarro, MD1
Aljama, P1
Rodriguez-Benot, A1
Kaneko, K1
Kawai, T1
Watanabe, N1
Wada, Y1
Onodera, M1
Murashima, A1
Mozaffari, S1
Abdolghaffari, AH1
Nikfar, S1
Abdollahi, M1
Angelberger, S1
Reinisch, W1
Messerschmidt, A1
Miehsler, W1
Novacek, G1
Vogelsang, H1
Dejaco, C1
Marder, W1
Ganser, MA1
Romero, V1
Hyzy, MA1
Gordon, C1
McCune, WJ1
Somers, EC1
Langagergaard, V1
Pedersen, L1
Gislum, M1
Nørgard, B1
Sørensen, HT1
Motta, M1
Ciardelli, L1
Marconi, M1
Gasparoni, A1
Lojacono, A1
Chirico, G1
Mironova, VA1
Audra, P1
Alter, BP1
Kanis, SL1
Modderman, S1
Escher, JC1
Erler, N1
Beukers, R1
de Boer, N1
Bodelier, A1
Depla, ACTM1
Dijkstra, G1
van Dijk, ARM1
Gilissen, L1
Hoentjen, F1
Jansen, JM1
Kuyvenhoven, J1
Mahmmod, N1
Mallant-Hent, RC1
van der Meulen-de Jong, AE1
Noruzi, A1
Oldenburg, B1
Oostenbrug, LE1
Ter Borg, PCJ1
Pierik, M1
Romberg-Camps, M1
Thijs, W1
West, R1
de Lima, A1
van der Woude, CJ1

Clinical Trials (2)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
A Multicenter National Prospective Study of Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes in Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease[NCT00904878]1,500 participants (Anticipated)Observational2007-08-31Recruiting
Pregnancy in Greek Female Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease - Panhellenic Recording[NCT05562726]100 participants (Anticipated)Observational [Patient Registry]2020-01-01Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Reviews

3 reviews available for azathioprine and Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure

ArticleYear
In utero exposure to Azathioprine in autoimmune disease. Where do we stand?
    Autoimmunity reviews, 2020, Volume: 19, Issue:9

    Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Child; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Pregnancy; Pregn

2020
Pregnancy outcomes in women with inflammatory bowel disease following exposure to thiopurines and antitumor necrosis factor drugs: a systematic review with meta-analysis.
    Human & experimental toxicology, 2015, Volume: 34, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Pregnancy; Pregnancy C

2015
[Pregnancy in women who underwent organ transplantation].
    Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie, 1994, Volume: 1, Issue:8

    Topics: Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant, Newborn; Organ Transplantation; Preg

1994

Other Studies

11 other studies available for azathioprine and Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure

ArticleYear
Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes After Fetal Exposure to Biologics and Thiopurines Among Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
    Gastroenterology, 2021, Volume: 160, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Biological Products; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disea

2021
Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes After Fetal Exposure to Biologics and Thiopurines Among Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
    Gastroenterology, 2021, Volume: 160, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Biological Products; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disea

2021
Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes After Fetal Exposure to Biologics and Thiopurines Among Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
    Gastroenterology, 2021, Volume: 160, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Biological Products; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disea

2021
Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes After Fetal Exposure to Biologics and Thiopurines Among Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
    Gastroenterology, 2021, Volume: 160, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Biological Products; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disea

2021
A Severe Neonatal Lymphopenia Associated With Administration of Azathioprine to the Mother in a Context of Crohn's Disease.
    Journal of Crohn's & colitis, 2018, Jan-24, Volume: 12, Issue:2

    Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Female; Homozygote; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant, Newborn;

2018
Administration of mycophenolic acid is not associated with malformations in descendants from kidney transplanted males.
    PloS one, 2018, Volume: 13, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fertilization; Graft Rejection; Humans; Immu

2018
Spontaneous recovery from suppressed B cell production and proliferation caused by intrauterine azathioprine exposure in the fetal period.
    Lupus, 2019, Volume: 28, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Proliferation; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; In

2019
Long-term follow-up of babies exposed to azathioprine in utero and via breastfeeding.
    Journal of Crohn's & colitis, 2011, Volume: 5, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Breast Feeding; Child; Child, Preschool; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Fe

2011
In utero azathioprine exposure and increased utilization of special educational services in children born to mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus.
    Arthritis care & research, 2013, Volume: 65, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Developmental Disabilities

2013
Birth outcome in women treated with azathioprine or mercaptopurine during pregnancy: A Danish nationwide cohort study.
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2007, Jan-01, Volume: 25, Issue:1

    Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Denmark; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressiv

2007
Immune system development in infants born to mothers with autoimmune disease, exposed in utero to immunosuppressive agents.
    American journal of perinatology, 2007, Volume: 24, Issue:8

    Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Female; Humans; Hydroxychloroquine; Immune System;

2007
[Electron microscope analysis of the transplacental effect of azathioprine on the pancreas of albino mouse embryos].
    Arkhiv anatomii, gistologii i embriologii, 1983, Volume: 84, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Embryo, Mammalian; Female; Islets of Langerhans; Mice; Microscopy, Electron;

1983
Neonatal pancytopenia after maternal azathioprine therapy.
    The Journal of pediatrics, 1985, Volume: 106, Issue:4

    Topics: Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pancytopenia; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Ef

1985
Health outcomes of 1000 children born to mothers with inflammatory bowel disease in their first 5 years of life.
    Gut, 2021, Volume: 70, Issue:7

    Topics: Adalimumab; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Autoimmune Diseases; Cesarean Section; Child Development;

2021