azathioprine and Complication, Postoperative studies

Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and theophylline have been reported to decrease the elevated hemoglobin (Hgb) and hematocrit (Hct) levels in the renal transplant recipients with erythrocytosis."	9.10	A prospective, randomized, open labeled crossover trial of fosinopril and theophylline in post renal transplant erythrocytosis. ( Lal, SM; Trivedi, H, 2003)
"Two hundred twenty-three recipients of first cadaveric kidney allografts were randomized to receive tacrolimus (TAC) + mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), TAC + azathioprine (AZA), or cyclosporine (Neoral; CsA) + MMF."	9.10	Randomized trial of tacrolimus + mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine versus cyclosporine + mycophenolate mofetil after cadaveric kidney transplantation: results at three years. ( Ahsan, N; Alfrey, EJ; Corwin, C; Danovitch, G; Fitzsimmons, WE; Gonwa, T; Halloran, P; Hardy, M; Johnson, C; Leonhardt, M; Light, J; Metzger, R; Mulloy, L; Rocher, L; Scandling, J; Shield, C; Sorensen, J; Stegall, M; VanVeldhuisen, P; Wachs, M, 2003)
" Recipients of first cadaveric kidney allografts were treated with tacrolimus+mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), cyclosporine oral solution (modified) (CsA)+MMF, or tacrolimus+azathioprine (AZA)."	9.09	Randomized trial of tacrolimus plus mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine versus cyclosporine oral solution (modified) plus mycophenolate mofetil after cadaveric kidney transplantation: results at 2 years. ( Ahsan, N; Corwin, C; Danovitch, G; Fitzsimmons, WE; Gonwa, T; Halloran, P; Hardy, M; Johnson, C; Light, J; Metzger, R; Mulloy, L; Rocher, L; Salm, K; Scandling, J; Shield , C; Sorensen, J; Stegall, M; Tolzman, D; VanVeldhuisen, P; Wachs, M, 2001)
"We report 14 cases of secondary myelodysplastic syndromes (sMDS) following treatment with azathioprine for non-malignant disorders."	7.73	Secondary myelodysplastic syndromes following treatment with azathioprine are associated with aberrations of chromosome 7. ( Gattermann, N; Germing, U; Haas, R; Hildebrandt, B; Knipp, S; Richter, J, 2005)
"Tacrolimus therapy seems to be associated with an increased incidence of severe infections in HTx recipients."	7.72	High incidence of severe infections in heart transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus. ( Alonso-Pulpón, L; Arroyo, R; Burgos, R; Fuertes, B; Moñivas, V; Ortiz, P; Peraira, JR; Segovia, J, 2003)
"We analyzed 128 cadaveric first renal transplant recipients with CsA and prednisone as basal immunosuppression followed for at least 10 years, and we have compared them with a group of 185 historical patients treated with azathioprine (Aza) and prednisone."	7.71	Outcome of cadaveric renal transplant patients treated for 10 years with cyclosporine: is chronic allograft nephropathy the major cause of late graft loss? ( Burgos, FJ; Mampaso, F; Marcén, R; Ortuño, J; Pascual, J; Rivera, ME; Teruel, JL; Villafruela, JJ, 2001)
"To determine whether the use of azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine before colectomy is associated with an increased rate of postoperative complications."	7.71	Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine before colectomy for ulcerative colitis is not associated with increased postoperative complications. ( Harmsen, WS; Loftus, EV; Mahadevan, U; Pemberton, JH; Sandborn, WJ; Schleck, CD; Tremaine, WJ; Zinsmeister, AR, 2002)
"Of the 19 patients treated with azathioprine for recurrent ileitis, 15 could be reevaluated by endoscopy or radiological examination."	7.69	Healing of severe recurrent ileitis with azathioprine therapy in patients with Crohn's disease. ( D'Haens, G; Geboes, K; Penninckx, F; Ponette, E; Rutgeerts, P, 1997)
"To determine whether prolonged reduction of azathioprine in renal transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis affected the progression of liver disease without an adverse effect on graft survival we studied all transplant patients with a raised serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase level greater than normal for more than 1 year who had azathioprine reduced below 100 mg/day for longer than 1 year."	7.67	Reduction of azathioprine in renal transplant patients with chronic hepatitis. ( Dandavino, R; Farge, D; Forbes, RD; Guttmann, RD; Parfrey, PS, 1986)
"Infectious complications within 1 year of cadaveric kidney transplantation were compared in 45 patients treated with azathioprine, prednisone, and antilymphocyte globulin and 38 patients treated with cyclosporine and prednisone."	7.67	Infectious complications with the use of cyclosporine versus azathioprine after cadaveric kidney transplantation. ( Hammer, SM; Monaco, AP; Shaffer, D, 1987)
"The frequency of leukopenia incidents and its dependence on the dose of azathioprine and kidney function were analyzed in 149 patients during the first 3 months after kidney transplantation."	7.66	Frequency of leukopenia incidents following azathioprine therapy after kidney transplantation. ( Horpacsy, G; May, G; Mebel, M; Oesterwitz, H, 1978)
"Tacrolimus monotherapy is a viable immunosuppressive strategy in HCV-infected liver transplant recipients."	6.72	Rejection rates in a randomised trial of tacrolimus monotherapy versus triple therapy in liver transplant recipients with hepatitis C virus cirrhosis. ( Burroughs, AK; Davidson, BR; Dhillon, AP; Leandro, G; Mela, M; Patch, DW; Pesci, A; Quaglia, A; Raimondo, ML; Rolles, K; Samonakis, DN; Thalheimer, U; Triantos, CK, 2006)
"With lovastatin there was a 27% increase in the WBC (from 6220 +/- 530 cells/mm3 to 7780 +/- 510 cells/mm3, P less than 0."	6.67	Lovastatin treatment of hypercholesterolemia in renal transplant recipients. ( Goryance, JM; Heim-Duthoy, KL; Kasiske, BL; Rao, KV; Tortorice, KL, 1990)
"With its incidence of about 40%, acute renal failure (ARF) is a major problem after cadaveric renal transplantation."	6.66	Mannitol as an indispensable constituent of an intraoperative hydration protocol for the prevention of acute renal failure after renal cadaveric transplantation. ( Berden, JH; Hoitsma, AJ; Koene, RA; Tiggeler, RG; van Lier, HJ; van Valenberg, PL, 1987)
"The azathioprine treated group (AZA group) included 280 patients (132 female) treated for 17,672 months with AZA + Cyclosporine A (CyA) + steroid, or AZA + steroid, while the MMF group included 219 patients (112 female) treated for 5079 months with MMF + CyA + steroid, or MMF + steroid."	5.33	Does mycophenolate mofetil increase the incidence of cytomegalovirus disease compared with azathioprine after cadaveric kidney transplantation? ( Basic-Jukic, N; Brunetta, B; Bubic-Filipi, LJ; Kes, P; Pasini, J; Puretic, Z, 2005)
"Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and theophylline have been reported to decrease the elevated hemoglobin (Hgb) and hematocrit (Hct) levels in the renal transplant recipients with erythrocytosis."	5.10	A prospective, randomized, open labeled crossover trial of fosinopril and theophylline in post renal transplant erythrocytosis. ( Lal, SM; Trivedi, H, 2003)
"Two hundred twenty-three recipients of first cadaveric kidney allografts were randomized to receive tacrolimus (TAC) + mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), TAC + azathioprine (AZA), or cyclosporine (Neoral; CsA) + MMF."	5.10	Randomized trial of tacrolimus + mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine versus cyclosporine + mycophenolate mofetil after cadaveric kidney transplantation: results at three years. ( Ahsan, N; Alfrey, EJ; Corwin, C; Danovitch, G; Fitzsimmons, WE; Gonwa, T; Halloran, P; Hardy, M; Johnson, C; Leonhardt, M; Light, J; Metzger, R; Mulloy, L; Rocher, L; Scandling, J; Shield, C; Sorensen, J; Stegall, M; VanVeldhuisen, P; Wachs, M, 2003)
"The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the incidence of acute rejection episodes (AR), diabetes mellitus (DM), and serum creatinine (SCr) among renal transplant recipients treated with tacrolimus (Tac), steroids (S), and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or azathioprine (Aza)."	5.10	36-month follow-up of 75 renal allograft recipients treated with steroids, tacrolimus, and azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil. ( Durlik, M; Foroncewicz, B; Gradowska, L; Krawczyk, A; Lewandowska, D; Mucha, K; Nazarewski, S; Paczek, L; Pazik, J; Pliszczynski, J; Szmidt, J; Walaszewski, J, 2003)
" Recipients of first cadaveric kidney allografts were treated with tacrolimus+mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), cyclosporine oral solution (modified) (CsA)+MMF, or tacrolimus+azathioprine (AZA)."	5.09	Randomized trial of tacrolimus plus mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine versus cyclosporine oral solution (modified) plus mycophenolate mofetil after cadaveric kidney transplantation: results at 2 years. ( Ahsan, N; Corwin, C; Danovitch, G; Fitzsimmons, WE; Gonwa, T; Halloran, P; Hardy, M; Johnson, C; Light, J; Metzger, R; Mulloy, L; Rocher, L; Salm, K; Scandling, J; Shield , C; Sorensen, J; Stegall, M; Tolzman, D; VanVeldhuisen, P; Wachs, M, 2001)
"Hyperkalemia was commonly observed in successful renal transplant patients treated with cyclosporine and prednisone."	5.05	Serum potassium concentrations in cyclosporine- and azathioprine-treated renal transplant patients. ( Foley, RJ; Hamner, RW; Weinman, EJ, 1985)
" From March 1979 to November 1981 a randomised controlled trial of high (33 patients) v low oral dose (34 patients) of prednisolone along with azathioprine was conducted in recipients of first cadaveric transplants who had received a blood transfusion within six months of transplantation."	5.05	High versus "low" dose corticosteroids in recipients of cadaveric kidneys: prospective controlled trial. ( Adu, D; Bewick, M; Brown, CB; Cameron, JS; Donaghey, R; Ogg, CS; Papadakis, J; Rudge, C; Taube, D; Williams, DG, 1983)
" Cadaver renal allograft recipients were randomized into two treatment groups: prednisone and azathioprine only, or prednisone, azathioprine, and ATG."	5.04	Randomized clinical trial of antithymocyte globulin in cadaver renal allograft recipients: importance of T cell monitoring. ( Cosimi, AB; Delmonico, FL; Russell, PS; Wortis, HH, 1976)
" Under immunosuppressive treatment with azathioprine and steroids, the patient developed cytomegalovirus (CMV) enteritis which was triggered by therapy-induced leukopenia."	3.75	[A 55-year-old woman with thymoma and hypogammaglobulinemia (Good syndrome), ulcerative colitis, and cytomegalovirus infection]. ( Baba, HA; Gerken, G; Kahraman, A; Maldonado-Lopez, E; Miller, M; Treichel, U, 2009)
"We report 14 cases of secondary myelodysplastic syndromes (sMDS) following treatment with azathioprine for non-malignant disorders."	3.73	Secondary myelodysplastic syndromes following treatment with azathioprine are associated with aberrations of chromosome 7. ( Gattermann, N; Germing, U; Haas, R; Hildebrandt, B; Knipp, S; Richter, J, 2005)
" This case study describes a 59-year-old renal transplant recipient who presented with angina pectoris while receiving immunosuppression with CsA, azathioprine and steroids."	3.73	Conversion to a proliferation signal inhibitor in a patient with coronary artery disease--a case report. ( Calabrese, S; Sparacino, V, 2006)
"Tacrolimus therapy seems to be associated with an increased incidence of severe infections in HTx recipients."	3.72	High incidence of severe infections in heart transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus. ( Alonso-Pulpón, L; Arroyo, R; Burgos, R; Fuertes, B; Moñivas, V; Ortiz, P; Peraira, JR; Segovia, J, 2003)
" But fibroadenomas may be seen as a result of exposure to cyclosporine (CyA)."	3.72	Report of a renal transplanted patient with fibroadenoma occurring in a short time. ( Balal, M; Karayaylali, I; Paydas, S; Seyrek, N, 2003)
"We analyzed 128 cadaveric first renal transplant recipients with CsA and prednisone as basal immunosuppression followed for at least 10 years, and we have compared them with a group of 185 historical patients treated with azathioprine (Aza) and prednisone."	3.71	Outcome of cadaveric renal transplant patients treated for 10 years with cyclosporine: is chronic allograft nephropathy the major cause of late graft loss? ( Burgos, FJ; Mampaso, F; Marcén, R; Ortuño, J; Pascual, J; Rivera, ME; Teruel, JL; Villafruela, JJ, 2001)
"From 14 cyclosporine (CsA)-treated and 11 azathioprine (AZA)-treated patients with hypercholesterolemia, more than 1 year after kidney transplantation, we determined NK cell number and cytotoxic activity before, and at 6 and 12 weeks after, initiating pravastatin treatment."	3.71	Reassuring effect of pravastatin on natural killer cell activity in stable renal transplant patients. ( Ijzermans, JN; Vaessen, LM; van Gelder, T; van Miert, PP; Weimar, W, 2001)
"To determine whether the use of azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine before colectomy is associated with an increased rate of postoperative complications."	3.71	Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine before colectomy for ulcerative colitis is not associated with increased postoperative complications. ( Harmsen, WS; Loftus, EV; Mahadevan, U; Pemberton, JH; Sandborn, WJ; Schleck, CD; Tremaine, WJ; Zinsmeister, AR, 2002)
"Of the 19 patients treated with azathioprine for recurrent ileitis, 15 could be reevaluated by endoscopy or radiological examination."	3.69	Healing of severe recurrent ileitis with azathioprine therapy in patients with Crohn's disease. ( D'Haens, G; Geboes, K; Penninckx, F; Ponette, E; Rutgeerts, P, 1997)
"Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been considered a relative contraindication to heart transplantation (HTx) because of possible increased infection rates and worsening DM with prednisone immunosuppression."	3.69	Mid-term results of heart transplantation in diabetic patients. ( Bianco, R; Boffa, GM; Caforio, AL; Casarotto, D; Casula, R; Gambino, A; Grassi, G; Livi, U; Milano, A; Thiene, G, 1994)
"Hypertension develops in most patients after transplantation when immunosuppression is based on cyclosporine and prednisone."	3.68	De novo hypertension after liver transplantation. ( Textor, SC, 1993)
"One hundred and ninety-two patients received 200 consecutive cadaver renal transplants (158 first and 42 regrafts) and were treated with triple therapy immunosuppression consisting of low-dose cyclosporin, azathioprine and prednisolone."	3.68	Triple therapy immunosuppression in cadaveric renal transplantation. ( Higgins, RM; Morris, PJ; Murie, J; Ratcliffe, PJ; Richardson, AJ; Ting, A, 1990)
"Infectious complications within 1 year of cadaveric kidney transplantation were compared in 45 patients treated with azathioprine, prednisone, and antilymphocyte globulin and 38 patients treated with cyclosporine and prednisone."	3.67	Infectious complications with the use of cyclosporine versus azathioprine after cadaveric kidney transplantation. ( Hammer, SM; Monaco, AP; Shaffer, D, 1987)
"To evaluate the frequency and the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia and gout during cyclosporine therapy, we studied renal-transplant recipients who were treated with either cyclosporine and prednisone (n = 129) or azathioprine and prednisone (n = 168)."	3.67	Cyclosporine-induced hyperuricemia and gout. ( Fox, IH; Lin, HY; McQuillan, MA; Palella, TD; Rocher, LL; Schmaltz, S, 1989)
"We compared the infections encountered in 23 renal transplant patients given the monoclonal anti-T-cell antibody, Orthoclone OKT3 (OKT3), for treatment of steroid-resistant rejection in 1986 and in 23 control patients from 1984 to 1985 with resistant rejection matched demographically, for severity of rejection and for risk factors predisposing to infection, who did not receive OKT3; recipients of OKT3 received substantially less prednisone, cyclosporine, and antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) than control patients for treatment of the rejection episode."	3.67	Increased infections associated with the use of OKT3 for treatment of steroid-resistant rejection in renal transplantation. ( Belzer, FO; Fox, BC; Maki, DG; Oh, CS; Sollinger, HW; Stratta, RJ, 1988)
"Three cases of azathioprine-induced complex of liver diseases are described, and their light microscopy and ultrastructural findings are detailed."	3.67	Role of endothelial cell injury in the spectrum of azathioprine-induced liver disease after renal transplant: light microscopy and ultrastructural observations. ( Ackrill, P; Ali, HH; Haboubi, NY; Whitwell, HL, 1988)
"To determine whether prolonged reduction of azathioprine in renal transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis affected the progression of liver disease without an adverse effect on graft survival we studied all transplant patients with a raised serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase level greater than normal for more than 1 year who had azathioprine reduced below 100 mg/day for longer than 1 year."	3.67	Reduction of azathioprine in renal transplant patients with chronic hepatitis. ( Dandavino, R; Farge, D; Forbes, RD; Guttmann, RD; Parfrey, PS, 1986)
"The frequency of leukopenia incidents and its dependence on the dose of azathioprine and kidney function were analyzed in 149 patients during the first 3 months after kidney transplantation."	3.66	Frequency of leukopenia incidents following azathioprine therapy after kidney transplantation. ( Horpacsy, G; May, G; Mebel, M; Oesterwitz, H, 1978)
"Excellent cadaver allograft survival has been achieved with kidneys from cadaver donors pretreated with high intravenously given dosages of cyclophosphamide and intravenous injections of methylprednisolone."	3.65	Donor pretreatment in cadaver renal transplantation. ( Woods, JE; Zincke, H, 1977)
"More than 80% of Crohn's disease (CD) patients undergoing resection suffer recurrence of their disease."	2.73	Therapy of metronidazole with azathioprine to prevent postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease: a controlled randomized trial. ( Aerden, I; D'Haens, GR; Noman, M; Rutgeerts, P; Van Assche, G; Van Olmen, G; Vermeire, S, 2008)
"The incidence of cancer was 22."	2.73	20-year follow-up results of a randomized controlled trial comparing antilymphocyte globulin induction to no induction in renal transplant patients. ( Benoit, G; Cantarovich, M; Charpentier, B; Durrbach, A; Hiesse, C; Ladouceur, M, 2008)
"Tacrolimus monotherapy is a viable immunosuppressive strategy in HCV-infected liver transplant recipients."	2.72	Rejection rates in a randomised trial of tacrolimus monotherapy versus triple therapy in liver transplant recipients with hepatitis C virus cirrhosis. ( Burroughs, AK; Davidson, BR; Dhillon, AP; Leandro, G; Mela, M; Patch, DW; Pesci, A; Quaglia, A; Raimondo, ML; Rolles, K; Samonakis, DN; Thalheimer, U; Triantos, CK, 2006)
"Everolimus is a potent immunosuppressive agent that has anti-proliferative activity."	2.72	Long-term cardiovascular risk in transplantation--insights from the use of everolimus in heart transplantation. ( Eisen, H, 2006)
"Everolimus has recently shown promise in terms of short- and long-term clinical lung transplant outcomes."	2.71	Everolimus alters the bronchoalveolar lavage and endobronchial biopsy immunologic profile post-human lung transplantation. ( Bailey, M; Kotsimbos, TC; Law, L; Levvey, BJ; Orsida, B; Snell, GI; Whitford, HM; Williams, TJ; Zheng, L, 2005)
" We evaluated for the first time an alternative dosing regimen for basiliximab, consisting of a single 40-mg intravenous dose on day 1 post-transplantation plus triple therapy, in comparison with the conventional two-dose regimen (2 h before transplantation and on day 4) plus triple therapy."	2.71	Safety and efficacy of an alternative basiliximab (Simulect) regimen after renal transplantation: administration of a single 40-mg dose on the first postoperative day in patients receiving triple therapy with azathioprine. ( Bachleda, P; Korn, A; Lao, M; Matl, I; Matthisson, M; Michalský, R; Navrátil, P; Prestele, H; Treska, V, 2003)
"Prednisone was started at a dose of 200 mg per day 1 and then tapered to 20 mg/day over the first posteroperative week; this dose was maintained until day 90 when the patients were randomly allocated either to long-term steroid therapy (0."	2.67	Prospective randomized trial of steroid withdrawal in liver transplant patients: preliminary report. ( Alberti, A; Aseni, P; Belli, L; Belli, LS; De Carlis, L; Ideo, G; Pirotta, V; Riolo, F; Romani, F; Rondinara, GF; Rossetti, O; Sansalone, CV; Slim, OA, 1994)
"With lovastatin there was a 27% increase in the WBC (from 6220 +/- 530 cells/mm3 to 7780 +/- 510 cells/mm3, P less than 0."	2.67	Lovastatin treatment of hypercholesterolemia in renal transplant recipients. ( Goryance, JM; Heim-Duthoy, KL; Kasiske, BL; Rao, KV; Tortorice, KL, 1990)
" In a prospective randomized multicenter trial, 123 patients undergoing acute rejection of cadaveric renal transplants were treated either with OKT3 daily for a mean of 14 days, with concomitant lowering of the dosage of other immunosuppressive drugs (63 patients), or with conventional high-dose steroids (60 patients)."	2.66	A randomized clinical trial of OKT3 monoclonal antibody for acute rejection of cadaveric renal transplants. ( , 1985)
"With its incidence of about 40%, acute renal failure (ARF) is a major problem after cadaveric renal transplantation."	2.66	Mannitol as an indispensable constituent of an intraoperative hydration protocol for the prevention of acute renal failure after renal cadaveric transplantation. ( Berden, JH; Hoitsma, AJ; Koene, RA; Tiggeler, RG; van Lier, HJ; van Valenberg, PL, 1987)
" The consequences of long-term administration of cyclosporin A are at present unknown."	2.65	Cyclosporin A in renal transplantation: a prospective randomized trial. ( Ferguson, RM; Najarian, JS; Rynasiewicz, JJ; Simmons, RL; Sutherland, DE, 1982)
"Post-transplant diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease in solid organ transplantation."	2.52	Immunosuppression and Post-transplant Hyperglycemia. ( Montero, N; Pascual, J, 2015)
"The majority of patients diagnosed with Crohn's disease eventually require surgical intervention."	2.47	Predicting, treating and preventing postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease: the state of the field. ( Borowiec, AM; Fedorak, RN, 2011)
"Whipple's disease is a very rare chronic multisystemic bacterial disease characterized by diarrhea, malabsorption, fever, and polyarthritis."	2.44	Chorioretinitis and vitreitis due to Tropheryma whipplei after transplantation: case report and review. ( Dev, S; Deziel, PJ; Pulido, JS; Razonable, RR; Salomão, DR; Walker, RC, 2008)
"The use of MMF is associated with slight increases in gastrointestinal adverse effects, some hematologic adverse events, and CMV infections compared with Aza."	2.42	Safety of mycophenolate mofetil versus azathioprine in renal transplantation: a systematic review. ( Li, H; Li, Y; Lu, Y; Wang, K; Wei, Q; Yang, Y; Zhang, H, 2004)
"Left breast cancer was diagnosed 9 years after the renal transplantation, then colon cancers and meningeal epidermal meningioma were diagnosed, 10 years and 12 years post-transplant, respectively."	2.42	Allochronic overlapping malignancies after renal transplantation in a patient with p53 gene mutation: report of a case. ( Asahara, T; Dohi, K; Fukuda, Y; Hayamizu, K; Ikeda, S; Kataoka, T; Kitayama, T; Marubayashi, S; Ohdan, H; Okajima, M; Okimoto, T; Sugino, K; Tashiro, H, 2004)
"The patient was given a diagnosis of refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEB in T), and treated with idarubicin and cytosine arabinoside."	2.40	[Myelodysplastic syndrome (RAEB in T) developed in a renal allograft recipient]. ( Akiyama, M; Inaba, T; Katori, Y; Maki, K; Nakagawa, M; Sawada, K; Shimazaki, C; Shiraishi, J; Sudo, Y; Takada, O, 1998)
"Two hundred thirty-one lip cancers were identified, corresponding to elevated risks for both invasive and in situ lip cancers (standardized incidence ratios of 15."	1.51	Risk of lip cancer after solid organ transplantation in the United States. ( Cahoon, EK; Copeland, G; Engels, EA; Gonsalves, L; Kahn, AR; Laprise, C; Lynch, CF; Madeleine, MM; Pfeiffer, RM, 2019)
"Even following transplantation, recurrence of PSC is seen in approximately one quarter of patients and leads to high rates of graft failure."	1.46	Efficacy of oral vancomycin in recurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis following liver transplantation. ( Gow, P; Hey, P; Johnson, P; Lokan, J, 2017)
"Early sepsis was seen in 58 patients (17."	1.34	The impact of preoperative immunomodulation on pouch-related septic complications after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. ( Abdulgader, A; Burke, D; Lim, M; Sagar, P; Thekkinkattil, D, 2007)
"After fiberbronchoscopy a diagnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) was obtained."	1.34	Case report of a kidney transplant recipient converted to everolimus due to malignancy: resolution of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia without everolimus discontinuation. ( Carreño, CA; Gadea, M, 2007)
"This potential for an anti-cancer effect is further supported by the emerging data on the use of PSIs/mTOR inhibitors in non-transplant oncology patients."	1.34	Is there a role for proliferation signal/mTOR inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of de novo malignancies after heart transplantation? Lessons learned from renal transplantation and oncology. ( Valantine, H, 2007)
"Sirolimus (SRL) has become an option in kidney transplantation, especially among patients who develop chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN)."	1.34	Posttransplantation conversion to sirolimus-based immunosuppression: a single center experience. ( Almeida, JM; Ikeda, MY; Saber, LT, 2007)
" There was no significant difference between groups in terms of infection or serious adverse events."	1.33	Alemtuzumab (CAMPATH 1H) induction therapy in cadaveric kidney transplantation--efficacy and safety at five years. ( Bradley, JA; Bradley, JR; Calne, R; Firth, J; Friend, PJ; Hale, G; Jamieson, NV; Smith, KG; Taylor, CJ; Thiru, S; Waldmann, H; Watson, CJ, 2005)
"The azathioprine treated group (AZA group) included 280 patients (132 female) treated for 17,672 months with AZA + Cyclosporine A (CyA) + steroid, or AZA + steroid, while the MMF group included 219 patients (112 female) treated for 5079 months with MMF + CyA + steroid, or MMF + steroid."	1.33	Does mycophenolate mofetil increase the incidence of cytomegalovirus disease compared with azathioprine after cadaveric kidney transplantation? ( Basic-Jukic, N; Brunetta, B; Bubic-Filipi, LJ; Kes, P; Pasini, J; Puretic, Z, 2005)
"The diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were not fulfilled either."	1.32	Late puerperal thrombohemorrhagic complications in a patient with antiphospholipid syndrome. ( Bladt, V; d'Amore, F; Laursen, B; Petersen, OB; Poulsen, LH; Steengaard-Pedersen, K, 2004)
"Sirolimus is an immunosuppressive drug which has proved its effectivity to reduce the incidence of acute rejection in renal transplantation receptors."	1.32	[Interstitial pneumonitis associated with sirolimus administration in a renal transplantation patient: a clinical case]. ( Gentil, MA; González Roncero, FM; López, M; Martínez, M; Mateos, J; Pereira, P; Rodríguez Algarra, G; Toro, J; Valdivia, MA, 2004)
"We investigated the postoperative infection risk for patients undergoing elective bowel surgery who were receiving corticosteroids and/or 6-mercaptopurine/azathioprine before surgery compared with patients not receiving these medications."	1.32	Corticosteroids and immunomodulators: postoperative infectious complication risk in inflammatory bowel disease patients. ( Aberra, FN; Hass, D; Lewis, JD; Lichtenstein, GR; Osborne, B; Rombeau, JL, 2003)
"The 5% incidence de novo tumors developing among patients treated with azathioprine and prednisolone (n = 241) was similar to the 5."	1.32	De novo tumors after kidney transplantation: the Budapest experience. ( Hídvégi, M; Járay, J; Langer, RM; Perner, F; Tóth, A; Végsö, G, 2003)
"Cases of so-called autoimmune hepatitis (AH) have been reported after liver transplantation."	1.31	Posttransplant immune hepatitis in pediatric liver transplant recipients: incidence and maintenance therapy with azathioprine. ( Andries, S; Bernard Otte, J; Burlet, M; Buts, JP; Casamayou, L; Reding, R; Sempoux, C; Sokal, E, 2001)
"Probabilities of clinical recurrence according to the Kaplan-Meier method were 9, 16 and 28% at 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively."	1.31	Azathioprine for prevention of postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease: a retrospective study. ( Allez, M; Bouhnik, Y; Cuillerier, E; Lémann, M; Modigliani, R; Rambaud, JC, 2001)
"The risk of posttransplant cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in Norwegian heart transplant recipients (n = 148) and kidney transplant recipients (n = 1020) on triple immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisolone, transplanted between 1983 and 1992, were studied."	1.31	Are heart transplant recipients more likely to develop skin cancer than kidney transplant recipients? ( Fauchald, P; Geiran, O; Gjersvik, P; Hansen, S; Leivestad, T; Møller, B; Pfeffer, P; Simonsen, S, 2000)
"Tacrolimus was then successfully reinitiated 4."	1.31	Conversion from tacrolimus to neoral for postrenal transplant diabetes. ( Butani, L; Makker, SP, 2000)
"The azathioprine (Aza)-treated group (Aza group) included 319 patients."	1.31	Mycophenolate mofetil does not modify the incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease after kidney transplantation but prevents CMV-induced chronic graft dysfunction. ( Ancelet, D; Blancho, G; Cantarovich, D; Daguin, P; Dantal, J; Giral, M; Hourmant, M; Josien, R; Nguyen, JM; Soulillou, JP, 2001)
"Multiple brain tumors were found and diagnosed as having B-cell, diffuse large cell type malignant lymphoma."	1.30	[A case of malignant lymphoma after renal transplantation]. ( Ikeda, K; Inoue, S; Matsuura, O; Murakami, S; Oyama, H; Sugiyama, T; Yamao, K, 1997)
"Our data show that symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis, which are responsive to the classical treatment for this condition, can appear in liver-transplant patients while they are on anti-rejection immunosuppression."	1.30	De-novo autoimmune hepatitis after liver transplantation. ( Davies, ET; Donaldson, PT; Hadzić, N; Heaton, ND; Kerkar, N; Mieli-Vergani, G; Portmann, B; Rela, M; Vergani, D, 1998)
"The occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in renal transplant recipients has typically been associated with hepatitis B or C infection."	1.30	Hepatocellular carcinoma after renal transplantation in the absence of cirrhosis or viral hepatitis: a case series. ( Adams, MB; Franco, J; Komorowski, RA; Saeian, K, 1999)
"Tacrolimus has been used as a primary immunosuppressive agent in adult and pediatric renal transplant recipients, with reasonable outcomes."	1.30	Pediatric renal transplantation under tacrolimus-based immunosuppression. ( Ellis, D; Fung, JJ; Gilboa, N; Gritsch, HA; Hakala, TR; Irish, W; Jordan, ML; Lombardozzi-Lane, S; McCauley, J; Scantlebury, VP; Shapiro, R; Simmons, RL; Starzl, TE; Vivas, C, 1999)
"Hypertension is a common concomitant condition in renal transplant recipients."	1.30	Hypertension is associated with hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease and chronic graft failure in kidney transplant recipients. ( Bölscher, S; Geiger, H; Kachel, HG; Lenz, T; Peschke, B; Scheuermann, EH, 1999)
"A patient is reported who developed chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) six years after renal transplantation, which was followed by immunosuppressive with azathioprine, and the published data on such an association are reviewed."	1.29	[Chronic myeloid leukemia after renal transplantation: report of a new case and review of the bibliography]. ( Cervantes, F; Esteve, J; Marín, P; Montserrat, E; Rozman, C; Sanz, L; Vilardell, J, 1996)
" Because of different individual responses duration of therapy was 1 to 17 weeks (median 5) with a total dosage ranging from 8 to 36 x 10(3) IU (mean 21 x 10(3))."	1.29	The use of recombinant human erythropoietin in lung transplantation. ( End, A; Geissler, K; Grimm, M; Inhauser, T; Klepetko, W; Ringl, H; Stift, A; Stockenhuber, F, 1995)
"Azathioprine is an immunosuppressor used with ciclosporin and corticosteroids after organ transplantation."	1.29	[Hematotoxicity caused by azathioprine genetically determined and aggravated by xanthine oxidase deficiency in a patient following renal transplantation]. ( Amirou, M; Bayle, F; Bechtel, Y; Bessard, G; Boujet, C; Serre-Debeauvais, F; Vialtel, P, 1995)
"Azathioprine is an antimetabolite which inhibits T lymphocyte cell division."	1.29	[Rejection of a liver allograft. Diagnosis and treatment]. ( Calmus, Y, 1994)
"Patients with infections had significantly lower IgG1 levels and CD4 positive lymphocyte numbers but similar total IgG levels compared to patients without infections."	1.29	Predictive value of IgG subclass levels for infectious complications in renal transplant recipients. ( Heidenreich, S; Lang, D; Otte, B; Wieneke, H, 1996)
" CsA dosage remained unchanged in the range of 200 mg/m2/day; CsA whole blood trough level was 120 to 130 ng/mL throughout the years."	1.28	Long-term results of cyclosporin A therapy in children. ( Bökenkamp, A; Brodehl, J; Hoyer, PF; Offner, G, 1992)
"In the azathioprine group, respiratory infections accounted for 24 of 60 (40%) infections."	1.27	Respiratory complications of cardiac transplantation. ( Drusin, R; Enson, Y; Reemtsma, K; Rose, EA; Schulman, LL; Smith, CR, 1988)
"Azathioprine was discontinued."	1.27	Hepatic vascular disease after kidney transplantation: report of two cases and review of the literature. ( Adler, M; Cremer, M; De Pauw, L; Delhaye, M; Deprez, C; Gelin, M; Hardy, N; Toussaint, C; Vereerstraeten, P, 1987)
" Although one patient subsequently required chronic dialysis, reduction of cyclosporine dosage from a mean of 5."	1.27	Early and late forms of cyclosporine nephrotoxicity: studies in cardiac transplant recipients. ( Bahnson, HT; Bernstein, RL; Egel, JW; Greenberg, A; Griffith, BP; Hardesty, RL; Hastillo, A; Hess, ML; Puschett, JB; Thompson, ME, 1987)
"Chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) developed in a 31-year-old man after he underwent a third renal transplant."	1.27	Chronic granulocytic leukemia after renal transplantation. ( Didlake, R; Files, JC; Kirchner, KA; Krueger, RP; Raju, S, 1983)
"Causes of death were rejection in 6, infection in 3, cerebral hemorrhage in 2, sudden death in 2 and pulmonary embolism in one patient."	1.27	Heart transplantation--a two-year experience. ( Borst, HG; Hetzer, R; Schüler, S; Süthoff, U; Warnecke, H, 1985)
"Signs of spinal cord compression evolved."	1.26	Aspergillus fumigatus epidural abscess in a renal transplant recipient. ( Ingwer, I; McLeish, KR; Tight, RR; White, AC, 1978)
" in the same dosage in combination with heparin 5000 U/day."	1.26	Treatment of acute allograft rejection with high doses of corticosteroids. ( Alarcon-Zurita, A; Ladefoged, J, 1976)
" Serious complications and mortality could be related to high dosage of steroids and severe leukopenia."	1.26	Influence of rejection on graft survival after renal transplantation. ( Black, HR; Finkelstein, FO; Lytton, B; Schiff, M, 1976)
"Norwegian scabies is rare yet distinctive."	1.26	Norwegian scabies: occurrence in a patient undergoing immunosuppression. ( Espy, PD; Jolly, HW, 1976)
" Low dosage of the substances used and limitation of the dosage in the therapy of acute rejection seem to be advisable."	1.26	[Immunosuppressive therapy following kidney transplantation]. ( Gessler, U; Seybold, D; Sigel, A, 1982)

Research

Studies (688)

Authors

Clinical Trials (12)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of Siplizumab

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	343 (49.85)	18.7374
1990's	184 (26.74)	18.2507
2000's	126 (18.31)	29.6817
2010's	32 (4.65)	24.3611
2020's	3 (0.44)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Portela, F	1
Ministro, P	1
de Deus, J	1
Cravo, M	1
Cotter, J	1
Duque, G	1
Ferreira, F	1
Rosa, B	1
Ferreira, PL	1
Dias, CC	1
Magro, F	1
Phanish, MK	1
Hull, RP	1
Andrews, PA	1
Popoola, J	1
Kingdon, EJ	1
MacPhee, IAM	1
Sprangers, B	1
Riella, LV	1
Dierickx, D	1
Hey, P	1
Lokan, J	1
Johnson, P	2
Gow, P	1
Rivière, P	1
Ferrante, M	1
Tominaga, K	1
Tsuchiya, A	1
Honda, Y	1
Abe, T	1
Yokoyama, J	1
Umezu, H	1
Terai, S	1
Vos, M	1
Plasmeijer, EI	1
van Bemmel, BC	1
van der Bij, W	1
Klaver, NS	1
Erasmus, ME	1
de Bock, GH	1
Verschuuren, EAM	1
Rácz, E	1
Laprise, C	1
Cahoon, EK	1
Lynch, CF	1
Kahn, AR	1
Copeland, G	1
Gonsalves, L	1
Madeleine, MM	1
Pfeiffer, RM	1
Engels, EA	1
Sahutoglu, T	1
Artim Esen, B	1
Aksoy, M	1
Kurtoglu, M	1
Poyanli, A	1
Gul, A	1
Mañosa, M	1
Cabré, E	2
Bernal, I	2
Esteve, M	1
Garcia-Planella, E	2
Ricart, E	1
Peñalva, M	1
Cortes, X	1
Boix, J	2
Piñol, M	2
Gassull, MA	2
Domènech, E	2
Fujiwara, K	1
Hamuro, M	1
Imai, K	1
Yoshizawa, K	1
Ohno, N	1
Sakazaki, H	1
Tsukuda, K	1
van Loo, ES	1
Vosseberg, NW	1
van der Heide, F	1
Pierie, JP	1
van der Linde, K	1
Ploeg, RJ	1
Dijkstra, G	2
Nieuwenhuijs, VB	1
Montero, N	1
Pascual, J	3
Canha, C	1
Ferreira, R	1
Rovira, J	1
Moya-Rull, D	1
Castells, A	1
Diekmann, F	1
Oppenheimer, F	1
Campistol, JM	1
Revuelta, I	1
Koerner, MM	1
El-Banayosy, A	1
Schulz, U	1
Zeriouh, M	1
Koerfer, R	1
Tenderich, G	1
Ghodsizad, A	1
Afzali, A	1
Park, CJ	1
Zhu, K	1
Hu, JK	1
Sharma, P	1
Sinanan, MN	1
Lee, SD	1
Jiyad, Z	1
Olsen, CM	1
Burke, MT	1
Isbel, NM	1
Green, AC	1
Imko-Walczuk, B	1
Piesiaków, ML	1
Trzonkowski, P	1
Pikuła, M	1
Dębska-Ślizień, A	1
Rutkowski, B	2
Razonable, RR	1
Pulido, JS	1
Deziel, PJ	1
Dev, S	1
Salomão, DR	1
Walker, RC	1
D'Haens, GR	1
Vermeire, S	1
Van Assche, G	1
Noman, M	1
Aerden, I	1
Van Olmen, G	1
Rutgeerts, P	2
Cantarovich, M	1
Durrbach, A	1
Hiesse, C	1
Ladouceur, M	1
Benoit, G	1
Charpentier, B	2
Kahraman, A	1
Miller, M	1
Maldonado-Lopez, E	1
Baba, HA	1
Treichel, U	1
Gerken, G	1
Yamamoto, T	1
Umegae, S	1
Matsumoto, K	1
Opelz, G	4
Döhler, B	2
Iesalnieks, I	1
Glass, H	1
Kilger, A	1
Ott, C	1
Klebl, F	1
Agha, A	1
Schlitt, HJ	1
Strauch, U	1
Halim, MA	1
Al-Otaibi, T	1
Johny, KV	1
Hamid, MH	1
Tawab, KA	1
Balaha, MA	1
Abraham, M	1
Said, T	1
Nair, MP	1
Al-Waheeb, S	1
Al-Muzairai, I	1
Nampoory, MR	1
Lopau, K	1
Syamken, K	1
Rubenwolf, P	1
Riedmiller, H	1
Wanner, C	1
Bugano, DD	1
Campos, SV	1
Afonso, JE	1
Caramori, ML	1
Teixeira, RH	1
Carraro, RM	1
Strabelli, TM	1
Machado, CM	1
Samano, MN	1
Pêgo-Fernandes, P	1
Jatene, FB	1
Davaus Gasparetto, T	1
Marchiori, E	1
Menezes, P	1
Zanetti, G	1
Sen, S	1
Dawwas, MF	1
Nash, KL	1
Gimson, AE	1
Manzia, TM	1
Toti, L	1
Angelico, R	1
Di Cocco, P	1
Orlando, G	2
Tisone, G	4
Sansone, F	1
Boffini, M	1
Comoglio, C	1
Checco, L	1
Saviolo, R	1
Centofanti, P	1
La Torre, M	1
Rinaldi, M	1
McKiernan, PJ	1
Haveran, LA	1
Sehgal, R	1
Poritz, LS	1
McKenna, KJ	1
Stewart, DB	1
Koltun, WA	1
Ramos, A	1
García, R	1
Sanz, J	1
Daza, RM	1
Borowiec, AM	1
Fedorak, RN	1
Kim, RD	1
Fujikawa, T	1
Mizuno, S	1
Schwartz, JJ	1
Sorensen, JB	1
Hemming, AW	1
Fujita, S	1
Saygili, O	1
Szurman, P	1
Gieselmann, S	1
Deuter, C	1
Spitzer, MS	1
Thaler, S	1
Bartz-Schmidt, KU	1
Yoeruek, E	1
Zuckermann, A	2
Arizon, JM	1
Dong, G	2
Eisen, HJ	1
Kobashigawa, J	2
Lehmkuhl, H	1
Ross, H	2
Pelligrini, C	1
Wang, SS	2
Barten, MJ	1
Alvarez, JA	1
Bermejo, F	1
Algaba, A	1
Hernandez, MP	1
Grau, M	1
Ekong, UD	1
Mathew, J	1
Melin-Aldana, H	1
Wang, D	1
Alonso, EM	1
Bara, C	1
Delgado, JF	1
Dengler, T	1
Lehmkuhl, HB	1
Witte, S	1
Junge, G	2
Potena, L	1
Jussila, A	1
Färkkilä, M	1
Järvinen, HJ	1
Lladó, L	2
Figueras, J	2
Ramos, E	2
Baliellas, C	1
Torras, J	2
Rafecas, A	2
Fabregat, J	2
Lama, C	2
Ibañez, L	2
Jaurrieta, E	2
Garcia, I	1
Campos, HH	1
Abbud Filho, M	1
Wayman, MR	1
Oniscu, GC	1
Forsythe, JL	1
Whitworth, CE	1
Metcalfe, MS	1
Jain, S	1
Waller, JR	1
Saunders, RN	1
Bicknell, GR	1
Nicholson, ML	1
Kaden, J	3
Eichler, S	1
May, G	5
Strobelt, V	3
Wang, HB	1
Hsieh, HH	1
Chen, YT	1
Chiang, CY	1
Cheng, YT	1
Włodarczyk, Z	1
Wałaszewski, J	1
Perner, F	2
Vitko, S	1
Ostrowski, M	1
Bachleda, P	2
Kokot, F	2
Klinger, M	2
Szenohradsky, P	1
Studenik, P	1
Navratil, P	2
Asztalos, L	1
Nagy, KK	1
Hickey, D	1
Mahadevan, U	1
Loftus, EV	1
Tremaine, WJ	1
Pemberton, JH	1
Harmsen, WS	1
Schleck, CD	1
Zinsmeister, AR	1
Sandborn, WJ	1
Singh, V	1
Sud, K	1
Mittal, BR	1
Kohli, HS	1
Gupta, KL	2
Sakhuja, V	2
Askar, I	1
Bozkurt, M	1
Pérez Calle, JL	1
Salcedo, M	1
Núñez, O	1
Barrio, J	1
Bañares, R	1
de Diego, A	1
Alvarez, E	1
Palomo, J	1
Clemente, G	1
Matl, I	1
Lao, M	3
Michalský, R	1
Treska, V	1
Prestele, H	1
Matthisson, M	1
Korn, A	1
Yoshimura, N	3
Okamoto, M	1
Akioka, K	1
Nakamura, K	1
Ushigome, H	1
Kadotani, Y	1
Nobori, S	1
Higuchi, A	1
Ohmori, Y	2
Trivedi, H	1
Lal, SM	1
Gentil, MA	3
Alcaide, MP	1
Algarra, GR	1
Pereira, P	2
Toro, J	2
González-Roncero, F	1
López, M	2
Bernal, G	1
Mateos, J	2
Langer, RM	1
Járay, J	1
Tóth, A	1
Hídvégi, M	1
Végsö, G	1
Balal, M	1
Seyrek, N	1
Karayaylali, I	1
Paydas, S	1
Gonwa, T	2
Johnson, C	3
Ahsan, N	2
Alfrey, EJ	1
Halloran, P	2
Stegall, M	2
Hardy, M	2
Metzger, R	2
Shield, C	1
Rocher, L	2
Scandling, J	2
Sorensen, J	2
Mulloy, L	2
Light, J	2
Corwin, C	2
Danovitch, G	2
Wachs, M	2
VanVeldhuisen, P	2
Leonhardt, M	1
Fitzsimmons, WE	2
Haagsma, EB	1
Van Den Berg, AP	1
Kleibeuker, JH	1
Slooff, MJ	1
Aberra, FN	1
Lewis, JD	1
Hass, D	1
Rombeau, JL	1
Osborne, B	1
Lichtenstein, GR	1
Sachar, DB	1
Lobato, L	1
Ventura, A	1
Beirão, I	1
Miranda, HP	1
Seca, R	1
Henriques, AC	2
Teixeira, M	1
Sarmento, AM	2
Pereira, MC	2
Peraira, JR	1
Segovia, J	1
Arroyo, R	1
Ortiz, P	1
Fuertes, B	1
Moñivas, V	1
Burgos, R	1
Alonso-Pulpón, L	1
QUIJANO, M	1
GOMEZMONT, F	1
ORTIZQUEZADA, F	1
RONCES, R	1
STARZL, TE	18
MARCHIORO, TL	3
DICKINSON, TC	1
RIFKIND, D	3
STONINGTON, OG	1
WADDELL, WR	3
ROWLANDS, DT	1
HILL, RB	1
DUNEA, G	1
NAKAMOTO, S	6
STRAFFON, RA	5
FIGUEROA, JE	2
VERSACI, AA	1
SHIBAGAKI, M	1
KOLFF, WJ	4
PORTER, KA	5
MOORE, CA	1
HAGIHARA, P	1
ABSOLON, KB	1
MURPHY, GP	2
LAWSON, NL	1
JOHNSTON, GS	1
HUSER, HJ	1
BROSIG, W	1
NAGEL, R	1
HAMBURGER, J	1
CROSNIER, J	3
DORMONT, J	1
ROENIGK, HH	1
HASERICK, JR	1
MCCORMACK, LJ	1
Birkeland, SA	1
Hamilton-Dutoit, S	1
Mucha, K	1
Foroncewicz, B	1
Paczek, L	2
Pazik, J	1
Lewandowska, D	1
Krawczyk, A	1
Pliszczynski, J	1
Gradowska, L	4
Durlik, M	2
Walaszewski, J	1
Nazarewski, S	1
Szmidt, J	1
Zmonarski, SC	1
Boratynska, M	2
Madziarska, K	1
Kusztel, M	1
Patrzalek, D	1
Szyber, P	1
Skhiri, H	1
Guedri, Y	1
Souani, Y	1
Achour, A	1
Bouraoui, S	1
Frih, A	1
Dhia, BN	1
Elmay, M	1
Jeffery, JR	1
Leslie, WD	1
Karpinski, ME	1
Nickerson, PW	1
Rush, DN	1
Flechner, SM	1
Zhou, L	1
Derweesh, I	1
Mastroianni, B	1
Savas, K	1
Goldfarb, D	1
Modlin, CS	1
Krishnamurthi, V	1
Novick, A	1
Gonzalez Molina, M	1
Seron, D	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Study Aimed at Determining the Relation Between the Administered Dose and Exposure to Immunosuppressive Medication in Children After Solid Organ Transplantation[NCT01767350]		60 participants (Actual)	Observational	2013-02-28	Completed
Phase 1 Trial of Siplizumab and Dose-Adjusted EPOCH-Rituximab (DA-EPOCH-R) in T and NK-Cell Lymphomas[NCT01445535]	Phase 1	15 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-01-13	Completed
Randomized, Open-label, Multi-Center Study Comparing Tacrolimus With Cyclosporin, Both Arms in Combination With Mycophenolate Mofetil and Corticosteroids for Prevention of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome in Lung Transplant Patients[NCT01429844]	Phase 3	274 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-01-31	Completed
The Use of Campath-1H, Tacrolimus, and Sirolimus Followed by Sirolimus Withdrawal in Renal Transplant Patients[NCT00078559]	Phase 1/Phase 2	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-11-30	Completed
Immunosuppression Minimization to Single Drug Therapy With Sirolimus (Rapamune) in Pediatric Transplantation[NCT00768729]	Phase 1	7 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-05-31	Completed
A Phase II Exploratory Study to Determine the Safety and Study the Immunomodulatory Functions of Induction Therapy With Campath, Combined With Chronic Immunosuppression With Mycophenolate Mofetil and Sirolimus[NCT00240994]	Phase 2	35 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-01-31	Completed
Immunoglobulin Induction Therapy in Renal Transplant Recipients on Tacrolimus/Azathioprine or Tacrolimus/MMF: Effects on Th1, Th2, B Cell-/Monokine Responses and Immunoregulatory Autoantibody Levels[NCT00176059]	Early Phase 1	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-10-31	Completed
Impact of Rituximab Induction and Living Donation on Immunoregulation and Virus Control in Renal Transplantation - a Prospective Pilot Study[NCT01136395]	Phase 2	85 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-01-31	Completed
A Prospective, Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Clinical Study to Evaluate the Duration of Treatment With Ertapenem in Acute Attacks of Sigmoid Diverticulitis[NCT00097734]	Phase 4	540 participants	Interventional	2004-07-31	Recruiting
CellCept (Mycophenolate Mofetil, MMF) Maintenance Immunosuppression in Liver Transplant Recipients With Long-term Follow-up Post-transplantation for Non-Autoimmune Liver Disease - A Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter Trial.[NCT00206076]	Phase 4	19 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-08-31	Completed
Immune Tolerance and Alloreactivity in Liver Transplant Recipients on Different Monotherapy Immunosuppressive Agents[NCT01678937]		31 participants (Actual)	Observational	2007-09-30	Completed
Phase II Trial of Belumosudil and Rituximab for the Primary Treatment of Extensive Chronic Graft-versus-host Disease[NCT06046248]	Phase 2	25 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-31	Not yet recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

A classic 3+3 dose-escalation design was used to assess the MTD of siplizumab in combination with dose-adjusted etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and rituximab (EPOCH-R). If 2 of 6 patients experienced a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) at a particular dose level, the MTD has been exceeded. The preceding dose level will be the MTD, provided 6 patients have been entered at this level and no more than one has experienced a DLT. DLTs for siplizumab was defined as infusional grade 3 non-hematologic toxicity lasting longer than 6 hours after the infusion, any grade 4 non-hematologic toxicity, or the development of an Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)-related lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD). Expected toxicities of dose-adjusted EPOCH-R and grade 3 laboratory adverse events (AEs) were not considered to be DLTs. (NCT01445535)
Timeframe: First 30 days after treatment initiation.

Number of Dose-Limiting Toxicities (DLT)

Intervention	mg/kg (Number)
All Participants	15

DLTs for siplizumab was defined as infusional grade 3 non-hematologic toxicity lasting longer than 6 hours after the infusion, any grade 4 non-hematologic toxicity, or the development of an EBV-related lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD). Expected toxicities of dose-adjusted etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and rituximab (EPOCH-R) and grade 3 laboratory AEs were not considered to be DLTs. (NCT01445535)
Timeframe: First 30 days after treatment initiation.

Number of Participants With Serious and Non-serious Adverse Events

Intervention	Dose Limiting Toxicities (Number)
Cohort 1 - 3.4 mg/kg	0
Cohort 2 - 4.8 mg/kg	0
Cohort 3 - 8.5 mg/kg	0
Cohort 4 - 15 mg/kg	0

Here is the count of participants with serious and non-serious adverse events assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v3.0). A non-serious adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence. A serious adverse event is an adverse event or suspected adverse reaction that results in death, a life-threatening adverse drug experience, hospitalization, disruption of the ability to conduct normal life functions, congenital anomaly/birth defect or important medical events that jeopardize the patient or subject and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the previous outcomes mentioned. (NCT01445535)
Timeframe: Date treatment consent signed until 30 days after removal from study treatment or until off study, whichever comes first, approximately 22 weeks.

Overall Progression Free Survival (PFS)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Cohort 1 - 3.4 mg/kg	3
Cohort 2 - 4.8 mg/kg	3
Cohort 3 - 8.5 mg/kg	3
Cohort 4 - 15 mg/kg	5

Progression was assessed by the International Workshop to Standardize Response Criteria for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Progression is defined as ≥50% increase from nadir in the sum of the products of the perpendicular diameters (SPD) of any previously identified abnormal nodes for Partial Response's or non-responders. Progression-free survival (PFS) was determined from the on-study date until date of progression or last follow-up. The probability of PFS as a function of time was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT01445535)
Timeframe: On-study date until date of progression or last follow up, approximately 7 months.

Overall Survival (OS)

Intervention	Months (Median)
All Participants	6.8

Overall survival was determined from the on-study date until date of progression or last follow up. The probability of OS as a function of time was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT01445535)
Timeframe: On study date until date of death or last follow up, approximately 12 months.

Number of Participants With a Response to Therapy

Intervention	Months (Median)
All Participants	12.1

Response was assessed by the International Workshop to Standardize Response Criteria for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Complete Remission was defined as the disappearance of all detectable clinical and radiographic evidence of disease, disappearance of all disease related symptoms if present before therapy, and normalization of those biochemical abnormalities (for example lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) definitely assignable to the lymphoma. Complete response unconfirmed was defined as a residual node greater than 1.5 cm, with a decrease by greater than 75 percent in the sum of the products of the perpendicular diameters (SPD) of all measured lymph nodes. Partial Response was defined as a ≥ 50% decreased in SPD of 6 largest dominant nodes or nodal masses. Relapsed disease was defined as the appearance of any new lesion or increase by ≥50% in the size of the previously identified sites. Progressive disease was defined as a ≥50% increase from nadir in the SPD. (NCT01445535)
Timeframe: Response assessments were performed after the fourth and sixth cycle of therapy, at therapy completion, and every 3 months for year 1, four months for year 2, 6 months for years 3-5, and annually thereafter, up to 5 years.

Change in Renal Function as Measured by Serum Creatinine, Stratified by Withdrawal Status

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Complete Remission	Complete Response Unconfirmed	Partial Response	Relapsed Disease	Progressive Disease	Stable Disease	Not Evaluable
Cohort 1 - 3.4 mg/kg	1	0	1	0	1	0	0
Cohort 2 - 4.8 mg/kg	2	0	1	0	0	0	0
Cohort 3 - 8.5 mg/kg	1	0	1	0	1	0	0
Cohort 4 - 15 mg/kg	4	0	0	0	0	0	2

Mean change from transplantation to Month 48 in serum creatinine. Normal serum creatinine range is from 0.7 - 1.4 mg/dL. In a transplant population, starting serum creatinine is higher than normal range. A negative change indicates better renal function (NCT00078559)
Timeframe: Transplantation to end of study (up to four years post-transplant)

Number of Acute Rejections Between Initiation of Sirolimus Withdrawal and End of Study

Intervention	mg/dL (Mean)
Alemtuzumab (Withdrawn From Sirolimus)	-4.2
Alemtuzumab (Not Withdrawn From Sirolimus)	-5.4

"Acute rejections[1] between initiation of sirolimus withdrawal and end of study~1] Acute rejection is defined as a biopsy-proven rejection: a renal biopsy demonstrates acute cellular or humoral rejection of Banff[2] Grade 1B or greater; or presumed rejection in the absence of biopsy-proven rejection, the participant is treated for an unexplained 20% increase in serum creatinine.~[2] Reference: Racusen LC, Solez K, Colvin RB et al,The Banff 97 working classification of renal allograft pathology. Kidney Int,55: 713-723, 1999" (NCT00078559)
Timeframe: Initiation of sirolimus to end of study (up to four years post-transplant)

Number of Acute Rejections in All Enrolled Participants

Intervention	Rejection Events (Number)
Alemtuzumab	0

"Number of acute rejections[1] in all enrolled subjects from the time of transplantation to the end of the trial (four years post-transplant)~Acute rejection is defined as a biopsy-proven rejection: a renal biopsy demonstrates acute cellular or humoral rejection of Banff[2] Grade 1B or greater; or presumed rejection in the absence of biopsy-proven rejection, the participant is treated for an unexplained 20% increase in serum creatinine.~Reference: Racusen LC, Solez K, Colvin RB et al,The Banff 97 working classification of renal allograft pathology. Kidney Int,55: 713-723, 1999" (NCT00078559)
Timeframe: Four years post-transplant

Number of Acute Rejections in All Enrolled Participants Following Sirolimus Withdrawal

Intervention	Rejection Events (Number)
Alemtuzumab	1

"Following sirolimus withdrawal, the number of acute rejections[1] in all enrolled participants~1] Acute rejection is defined as a biopsy-proven rejection: a renal biopsy demonstrates acute cellular or humoral rejection of Banff[2] Grade 1B or greater; or presumed rejection in the absence of biopsy-proven rejection, the participant is treated for an unexplained 20% increase in serum creatinine.~[2] Reference: Racusen LC, Solez K, Colvin RB et al,The Banff 97 working classification of renal allograft pathology. Kidney Int,55: 713-723, 1999" (NCT00078559)
Timeframe: Transplantation to end of study (up to four years post-transplant)

Number of Alemtuzumab Associated Adverse Events, Stratified by Sirolimus Withdrawal Status

Intervention	Rejection Events (Number)
Alemtuzumab	0

(NCT00078559)
Timeframe: Transplantation to end of study (up to four years post-transplant)

Number of Deaths Stratified by Sirolimus Withdrawal Status

Intervention	adverse events (Number)
Alemtuzumab (Withdrawn From Sirolimus)	2
Alemtuzumab (Not Withdrawn From Sirolimus)	8

Participants who died during the study, all cause(s) (NCT00078559)
Timeframe: Transplantation to Death (up to four years post-transplant)

Number of Participants Requiring Anti-lymphocyte Therapy for an Acute Rejection, Stratified by Sirolimus Withdrawal Status

Intervention	deaths (Number)
Alemtuzumab (Withdrawn From Sirolimus)	0
Alemtuzumab (Not Withdrawn From Sirolimus)	0

"Participants who experienced acute rejection[1] during study which required anti-lymphocyte (OKT3, ATG) therapy~1] Acute rejection is defined as a biopsy-prove rejection: a renal biopsy demonstrates acute cellular or humoral rejection of Banff[2] Grade 1B or greater; or presumed rejection in the absence of biopsy-proven rejection, the participant is treated for an unexplained 20% increase in serum creatinine.~[2] Reference: Racusen LC, Solez K, Colvin RB et al,The Banff 97 working classification of renal allograft pathology. Kidney Int,55: 713-723, 1999" (NCT00078559)
Timeframe: Transplantation to acute rejection (up to four years post-transplantation)

Number of Participants Who Experienced Graft Loss Stratified by Sirolimus Withdrawal Status

Intervention	participants (Number)
Alemtuzumab (Withdrawn From Sirolimus)	0
Alemtuzumab (Not Withdrawn From Sirolimus)	0

"Participants who experienced graft loss[1] during study~[1]Graft loss is defined as the institution of chronic dialysis (at least 6 consecutive weeks, excluding participants with delayed graft function), transplant nephrectomy, or retransplantation" (NCT00078559)
Timeframe: Transplantation to Graft Loss (up to four years post-transplantation)

Number of Severe Acute Rejections Stratified by Sirolimus Withdrawal Status

Intervention	participants (Number)
Alemtuzumab (Withdrawn From Sirolimus)	0
Alemtuzumab (Not Withdrawn From Sirolimus)	0

"Participants who experienced severe acute rejections[1] during study~Severe acute rejection is defined as that which requires treatment with anti-lymphocyte antibody or is histologically evaluated as Type IIA or greater using the Banff 1997 criteria[2]~Reference: Racusen LC, Solez K, Colvin RB et al,The Banff 97 working classification of renal allograft pathology. Kidney Int,55: 713-723, 1999" (NCT00078559)
Timeframe: Transplantation to severe acute rejection (up to four years post-transplantation)

Number of Side Effects of Conventional Immunosuppression, Stratified by Withdrawal Status

Intervention	Rejection Events (Number)
Alemtuzumab (Withdrawn From Sirolimus)	0
Alemtuzumab (Not Withdrawn From Sirolimus)	0

Side effects of conventional immunosuppression include increased body weight and hypertension (NCT00078559)
Timeframe: Transplantation to end of study (up to four years post-transplant)

Number of Sirolimus Associated Adverse Events, Stratified by Sirolimus Withdrawal Status

Intervention	side effects (Number)
Alemtuzumab (Withdrawn From Sirolimus)	2
Alemtuzumab (Not Withdrawn From Sirolimus)	6

(NCT00078559)
Timeframe: Transplantation to end of study (up to four years post-transplant)

Number of Tacrolimus Associated Adverse Events, Stratified by Sirolimus Withdrawal Status

Intervention	adverse events (Number)
Alemtuzumab (Withdrawn From Sirolimus)	2
Alemtuzumab (Not Withdrawn From Sirolimus)	7

(NCT00078559)
Timeframe: Transplantation to end of study (up to four years post-transplant)

Time From Transplantation to Acute Rejection in Participants for Whom Acute Rejection Occurred During the 1 Year Post-transplant Period

Intervention	adverse events (Number)
Alemtuzumab (Withdrawn From Sirolimus)	0
Alemtuzumab (Not Withdrawn From Sirolimus)	2

"Time (days) to acute rejection[1] for participants occurring during the year following transplantation~1] Acute rejection is defined as a biopsy-proven rejection: a renal biopsy demonstrates acute cellular or humoral rejection of Banff[2] Grade 1B or greater; or presumed rejection in the absence of biopsy-proven rejection, the participant is treated for an unexplained 20% increase in serum creatinine.~[2] Reference: Racusen LC, Solez K, Colvin RB et al,The Banff 97 working classification of renal allograft pathology. Kidney Int,55: 713-723, 1999" (NCT00078559)
Timeframe: Transplantation to acute rejection (up to one year post-transplant)

Time From Transplantation to Acute Rejection in Participants for Whom Sirolimus Withdrawal Was Not Initiated

Intervention	Days (Number)
Alemtuzumab	274

"Time (days) to acute rejection[1] for participants where sirolimus was not initiated~1] Acute rejection is defined as a biopsy-proven rejection: a renal biopsy demonstrates acute cellular or humoral rejection of Banff[2] Grade 1B or greater; or presumed rejection in the absence of biopsy-proven rejection, the participant is treated for an unexplained 20% increase in serum creatinine.~[2] Reference: Racusen LC, Solez K, Colvin RB et al,The Banff 97 working classification of renal allograft pathology. Kidney Int,55: 713-723, 1999" (NCT00078559)
Timeframe: Transplantation to acute rejection (up to four years post-transplantation)

The Proportion of Participants With Graft Loss or Death Within 12 Months Post Kidney Transplantation

Intervention	Days (Number)
Alemtuzumab	274

Graft loss is defined as the need for dialysis for more than 30 days duration, allograft nephrectomy, or the decision to withdraw immunosuppression due to graft failure. (NCT00240994)
Timeframe: Up to one year post kidney transplantation procedure

Number of Biopsy Proven Rejections at 12 Months

Intervention	Proportion of participants (Number)
Alemtuzumab (Campath)	0.057

assessed by liver biopsy using Banff International Consensus Schema (NCT00206076)
Timeframe: 12 months

Article	Year
Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder Following Kidney Transplantation: A Review. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2021, Volume: 78, Issue:2 Topics: Alleles; Antilymphocyte Serum; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Azathioprine; Calcine	2021
Immunosuppression and Post-transplant Hyperglycemia. Current diabetes reviews, 2015, Volume: 11, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Calcineurin Inhibitors; Cyclosporine; Diabetes Mellitus; Ever	2015
Preoperative Use of Methotrexate and the Risk of Early Postoperative Complications in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2016, Volume: 22, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Dise	2016
Azathioprine and Risk of Skin Cancer in Organ Transplant Recipients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, 2016, Volume: 16, Issue:12 Topics: Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Graft Rejection; Humans; Immunosuppre	2016
Chorioretinitis and vitreitis due to Tropheryma whipplei after transplantation: case report and review. Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society, 2008, Volume: 10, Issue:6 Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Azathioprine; Chorioretinitis; DNA, Bacterial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Eye	2008
Predicting, treating and preventing postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease: the state of the field. Canadian journal of gastroenterology = Journal canadien de gastroenterologie, 2011, Volume: 25, Issue:3 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Palliative Ca	2011
[Can the postoperative relapse of Crohn disease be influenced?]. Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja, 2001, Volume: 117, Issue:8 Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Top	2001
Allochronic overlapping malignancies after renal transplantation in a patient with p53 gene mutation: report of a case. Surgery today, 2004, Volume: 34, Issue:5 Topics: Azathioprine; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonic Polyps; Drug T	2004
[Nocardiosis--is it frequently observed after the introduction of new immunosuppressive agents in renal transplantation?]. Nephrologie, 2004, Volume: 25, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Diabetes Com	2004
Safety of mycophenolate mofetil versus azathioprine in renal transplantation: a systematic review. Transplantation proceedings, 2004, Volume: 36, Issue:7 Topics: Azathioprine; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Incid	2004
[Organ transplantation: epidemiological and immunological aspects; principles of treatment and surveillance; complications and prognosis; ethical and legal aspects]. La Revue du praticien, 2004, Dec-31, Volume: 54, Issue:20 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Follow-Up Studies; Graf	2004
Systematic review of postoperative complications in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with immunomodulators. The British journal of surgery, 2006, Volume: 93, Issue:7 Topics: Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflamma	2006
[Syphilis hepatitis and liver transplantation]. Medecine et maladies infectieuses, 2007, Volume: 37, Issue:2 Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Hepatitis; Hepatitis, Viral, Human; Homosexuality; Humans; Immunocomprom	2007
[After care of kidney transplant patients]. Der Internist, 1983, Volume: 24, Issue:9 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aftercare; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cyclosporins; Graft Rejectio	1983
Clinical renal transplantation. The Urologic clinics of North America, 1983, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Blood Transfusion; Cadaver; Cyclosporin	1983
Malignant tumours after renal transplantation. Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology, 1996, Volume: 30, Issue:5 Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Tran	1996
[Performance and postoperative care of heart transplantation]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1997, Nov-14, Volume: 122, Issue:46 Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Follow-Up S	1997
[Myelodysplastic syndrome (RAEB in T) developed in a renal allograft recipient]. [Rinsho ketsueki] The Japanese journal of clinical hematology, 1998, Volume: 39, Issue:8 Topics: Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts; Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Ne	1998
Lymphoproliferative disorders after renal transplantation in patients receiving triple or quadruple immunosuppression. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 1992, Volume: 2, Issue:12 Suppl Topics: Actuarial Analysis; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Carcinoma; Cyclosporine; Graft Survival; Her	1992
Sequential therapy in pediatric cadaveric renal transplantation: a critical analysis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 1992, Volume: 2, Issue:12 Suppl Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cadaver; Child; Cyclosporine; Graft Survival	1992
Treatment of Wegener's granulomatosis after renal transplantation: is cyclosporine the preferred treatment? Transplantation, 1990, Volume: 50, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosporins; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis; Humans; Kidne	1990
Heart transplantation. The Surgical clinics of North America, 1985, Volume: 65, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching; Cyclosporins; Electrophysiology; Graft Reje	1985
Liver transplantation in pediatric patients. Advances in pediatrics, 1985, Volume: 32 Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Bile Ducts; Child; Cyclosporins; Glucocorticoids; Graft Rejectio	1985
A review of 23 human lung transplantations by 20 surgeons. The Annals of thoracic surgery, 1970, Volume: 9, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Dactinomycin; Female; Histocompatibility Test	1970
Clinical liver transplantation. Transplantation reviews, 1969, Volume: 2 Topics: Adenoma, Bile Duct; Adult; Angiography; Aortography; Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Biliary Tra	1969
Experience in liver transplantation. Transplantation reviews, 1969, Volume: 2 Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adolescent; Adult; Alkalosis; Animals; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Blood Coa	1969
[Treatment of Crohn's disease and the sequelae of small intestinal resection]. Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 1972, Aug-10, Volume: 92, Issue:21 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Diet Therapy; Humans; Intestine, Small; Malabs	1972
Crohn's disease, with special reference to surgical management. Progress in surgery, 1972, Volume: 10 Topics: Abdomen; Anus Diseases; Azathioprine; Barium Sulfate; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Diagnosis,	1972
Present status of kidney transplantation. Disease-a-month : DM, 1974 Topics: Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; B-Lymphocytes; Bone Diseases; Cardio	1974
Current status of renal transplantation in small children. The Urologic clinics of North America, 1974, Volume: 1, Issue:3 Topics: Angiography; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azathioprine; Cadaver; Child; Child, Preschool; Diet; Drainage;	1974
Late medical complications of renal transplantation. Archives of internal medicine, 1969, Volume: 123, Issue:5 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Allopurinol; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Bone Diseases; Diabe	1969
The place of surgery in Crohn's disease. Gut, 1971, Volume: 12, Issue:9 Topics: Abscess; Acute Disease; Anemia; Appendectomy; Azathioprine; Colectomy; Colonic Diseases; Crohn Disea	1971
[Liver transplantation in humans]. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, 1970, Jan-31, Volume: 100, Issue:5 Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Biliary Tract Diseases; Graft Rejection; Hepatectomy; Histocompa	1970

Article	Year
Addition of metronidazole to azathioprine for the prevention of postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:9 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Double-Blind Method; Drug The	2013
Therapy of metronidazole with azathioprine to prevent postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease: a controlled randomized trial. Gastroenterology, 2008, Volume: 135, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Infective Agents; Azathioprine; Combined Modality Therapy; Crohn Disease; Drug The	2008
20-year follow-up results of a randomized controlled trial comparing antilymphocyte globulin induction to no induction in renal transplant patients. Transplantation, 2008, Dec-27, Volume: 86, Issue:12 Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Combined Modality Therapy; Cyclosporine; Cytomegalovirus Infecti	2008
Impact of infliximab therapy after early endoscopic recurrence following ileocolonic resection of Crohn's disease: a prospective pilot study. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2009, Volume: 15, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodi	2009
Impact of de novo everolimus-based immunosuppression on incisional complications in heart transplantation. Transplantation, 2011, Sep-15, Volume: 92, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Everolimus; Female; Heart Transplantation; Humans; Immunosuppress	2011
Everolimus is associated with a reduced incidence of cytomegalovirus infection following de novo cardiac transplantation. Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society, 2013, Volume: 15, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Cytomegalovirus; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Dr	2013
Efficacy and safety of dual versus triple tacrolimus-based therapy in kidney transplantation: two-year follow-up. Transplantation proceedings, 2002, Volume: 34, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Drug Therapy, C	2002
One-year follow-up of a Brazilian randomized multicenter study comparing tacrolimus versus cyclosporine in kidney transplantation. Transplantation proceedings, 2002, Volume: 34, Issue:5 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Brazil; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Femal	2002
A randomized trial of mycophenolate mofetil versus azathioprine as calcineurin inhibitor sparing agents in the treatment of chronic allograft nephropathy. Transplantation proceedings, 2002, Volume: 34, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Tr	2002
Freedom from rejection and stable kidney function are excellent criteria for steroid withdrawal in tacrolimus-treated kidney transplant recipients. Annals of transplantation, 2002, Volume: 7, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Graft Rejectio	2002
Safety and efficacy of an alternative basiliximab (Simulect) regimen after renal transplantation: administration of a single 40-mg dose on the first postoperative day in patients receiving triple therapy with azathioprine. Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation, 2003, Volume: 16, Issue:1 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Basiliximab; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy,	2003
A prospective, randomized, open labeled crossover trial of fosinopril and theophylline in post renal transplant erythrocytosis. Renal failure, 2003, Volume: 25, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; Azathioprine; Biomar	2003
Randomized trial of tacrolimus + mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine versus cyclosporine + mycophenolate mofetil after cadaveric kidney transplantation: results at three years. Transplantation, 2003, Jun-27, Volume: 75, Issue:12 Topics: Acute Disease; Azathioprine; Cadaver; Creatinine; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Florida;	2003
36-month follow-up of 75 renal allograft recipients treated with steroids, tacrolimus, and azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil. Transplantation proceedings, 2003, Volume: 35, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fol	2003
Prevalence and treatment of decreased bone density in renal transplant recipients: a randomized prospective trial of calcitriol versus alendronate. Transplantation, 2003, Nov-27, Volume: 76, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Alendronate; Azathioprine; Bone Density; Bone Resorption; Calcitriol; Calcium Channel Agonist	2003
Mycophenolate mofetil reduces deterioration of renal function in patients with chronic allograft nephropathy. A follow-up study by the Spanish Cooperative Study Group of Chronic Allograft Nephropathy. Transplantation, 2004, Jan-27, Volume: 77, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Creatinine; Cyclosporine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glomerular Filtration Rate	2004
Lower incidence of chronic allograft nephropathy at 1 year post-transplantation in patients treated with mycophenolate mofetil. American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, 2004, Volume: 4, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Female; Graft Re	2004
Advancing immunosuppression therapy to counter the progression of cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Journal of cardiac failure, 2005, Volume: 11, Issue:2 Topics: Azathioprine; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Disease; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Femal	2005
Everolimus alters the bronchoalveolar lavage and endobronchial biopsy immunologic profile post-human lung transplantation. American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, 2005, Volume: 5, Issue:6 Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Bronchoalveolar Lavage; Bronchoscopy; Cytokines; Double-Blin	2005
Rejection rates in a randomised trial of tacrolimus monotherapy versus triple therapy in liver transplant recipients with hepatitis C virus cirrhosis. Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society, 2006, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Graft Rejection; Hepatitis C; Humans;	2006
Long-term cardiovascular risk in transplantation--insights from the use of everolimus in heart transplantation. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 2006, Volume: 21 Suppl 3 Topics: Azathioprine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cyclosporine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind	2006
Sirolimus attenuates the rate of progression of early chronic allograft nephropathy. Transplantation proceedings, 2006, Volume: 38, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Blood Pressure; Chronic Disease; Creatinine; Cyclosporine; Disease Prog	2006
Immunoglobulin induction therapy in renal transplant recipients: Effects on immunoglobulin and regulatory antibody levels. Transplantation proceedings, 2006, Volume: 38, Issue:10 Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Histocompatibility Testing; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immun	2006
Immunoglobulin induction therapy in renal transplant recipients: Effects on immunoglobulin and regulatory antibody levels. Transplantation proceedings, 2006, Volume: 38, Issue:10 Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Histocompatibility Testing; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immun	2006
Immunoglobulin induction therapy in renal transplant recipients: Effects on immunoglobulin and regulatory antibody levels. Transplantation proceedings, 2006, Volume: 38, Issue:10 Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Histocompatibility Testing; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immun	2006
Immunoglobulin induction therapy in renal transplant recipients: Effects on immunoglobulin and regulatory antibody levels. Transplantation proceedings, 2006, Volume: 38, Issue:10 Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Histocompatibility Testing; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immun	2006
Randomized study comparing cyclosporine with azathioprine one year after renal transplantation-15-year outcome data. Transplantation, 2007, Mar-15, Volume: 83, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Cyclosporine; Follow-Up Studies; Human	2007
Cyclosporin A in renal transplantation: a prospective randomized trial. Surgery, 1982, Volume: 92, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclosporins; Cytom	1982
[Treatment of chronic kidney failure in diabetes mellitus]. Klinische Wochenschrift, 1983, May-16, Volume: 61, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Diabetic Nephropathies; Dia	1983
Cadaveric renal transplantation under cyclosporine-steroid therapy. Surgery, gynecology & obstetrics, 1983, Volume: 157, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Cadaver; Clinical Trials as Topic; Creatinine; Cyclosporins;	1983
[Use and limits of preventive antilymphocyte globulin therapy following kidney transplantation. A prospective randomized study]. Klinische Wochenschrift, 1984, Oct-15, Volume: 62, Issue:20 Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cadaver; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gr	1984
High versus "low" dose corticosteroids in recipients of cadaveric kidneys: prospective controlled trial. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 1983, Apr-02, Volume: 286, Issue:6371 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Cadaver; Clinical Trials as Topic; Creatinine; Drug Therapy, Combin	1983
A prospective, randomized trial of FK-506 in renal transplantation--a comparison between double- and triple-drug therapy. Clinical transplantation, 1994, Volume: 8, Issue:6 Topics: Actuarial Analysis; Adult; Azathioprine; Cadaver; Drug Therapy, Combination; Follow-Up Studies; Graf	1994
A prospective, randomized trial of FK 506/prednisone vs FK 506/azathioprine/prednisone in renal transplant patients. Transplantation proceedings, 1995, Volume: 27, Issue:1 Topics: Actuarial Analysis; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Graft Rejectio	1995
The effects of cyclosporine and prednisone on serum lipid and (apo)lipoprotein levels in renal transplant recipients. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 1995, Volume: 5, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Apolipoproteins; Arteriosclerosis; Azathioprine; Cholesterol, HDL; Cyclosporine; Female; Graf	1995
Triple versus quadruple induction immunosuppression in pancreas transplantation. Transplantation proceedings, 1995, Volume: 27, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Communicable Diseases; Creatinine; Cyclosporine; Drug Res	1995
Modification of methodology results in improvement in simultaneous kidney-islet success. Transplantation proceedings, 1995, Volume: 27, Issue:1 Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; C-Peptide; Cells, Cultured; Cyclosporine; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ	1995
Beneficial effects of donor-specific transfusions on long-term renal allograft function. Transplantation proceedings, 1995, Volume: 27, Issue:1 Topics: Azathioprine; B-Lymphocytes; Blood Group Incompatibility; Blood Transfusion; Follow-Up Studies; Graf	1995
Role of ACE inhibitors in the treatment of erythrocytosis in patients with renal allograft. Transplantation proceedings, 1994, Volume: 26, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Azathioprine; Captopril; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy	1994
Cyclosporine A monitoring in liver transplant. Transplantation proceedings, 1994, Volume: 26, Issue:5 Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Biopsy, Needle; Cyclosporine; Drug Monitoring; Drug Therapy, C	1994
Adjuncts to triple-drug therapy after cardiac transplantation: a comparison of Nashville rabbit antithymocyte serum to OKT3. Transplantation proceedings, 1994, Volume: 26, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therap	1994
Coronary vasculopathy following cardiac transplantation and cyclosporine immunosuppression: preventive treatment with angiopeptin, a somatostatin analog. Transplantation proceedings, 1994, Volume: 26, Issue:5 Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Arteriosclerosis; Azathioprine; Coronary Disease; Cyclosporine; Female; Heart	1994
Induction immunosuppression with the monoclonal antibody OKT3 after cardiac transplantation. The American journal of the medical sciences, 1993, Volume: 306, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Coronary Disease; Creatinine; Cyclosporine; Drug Thera	1993
Low-dose OKT3 induction therapy following renal transplantation leads to improved graft function and decreased adverse effects. Transplantation proceedings, 1993, Volume: 25, Issue:1 Pt 1 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Graft Rejection; Humans	1993
Hyperamylasemia in kidney transplant recipients. Transplantation proceedings, 1996, Volume: 28, Issue:3 Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Amylases; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Azathioprine; Cadaver; Cyclosporine; Dr	1996
Application of corbrin capsule in human renal transplantation. Transplantation proceedings, 1996, Volume: 28, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Ascomycota; Azathioprine; Capsules; Chi-Square Distribution; Cordyc	1996
Comparison of OKT3 and antithymocyte globulin as induction immunosuppressive agents in renal transplantation. Transplantation proceedings, 1996, Volume: 28, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Child; Creatinine; Cyclosporine; Female	1996
Randomized study with cyclosporine in kidney transplantation: 10-year follow-up. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 1996, Volume: 7, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Cataract; Child; Creatinine; Cyclosporine; Female; Follow-Up Studie	1996
UCLA liver transplantation: analysis of immunological factors affecting outcome. Artificial organs, 1996, Volume: 20, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Antibody Specificity; Asian People; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Cy	1996
Efficiency of preventive treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and calcium in kidney transplant patients. Transplantation proceedings, 1996, Volume: 28, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Bone Density; Calcitriol; Calcium; Calcium Carbonate; Cyclosporine;	1996
Initial experience with FK506 (tacrolimus) in pediatric renal transplant recipients. Journal of pediatric surgery, 1997, Volume: 32, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Glucocorticoids; Graft Rejection; Humans; Immunosuppressive	1997
Immunosuppression for human saphenous vein allograft bypass surgery: a prospective randomized trial. Journal of vascular surgery, 1997, Volume: 26, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Cryopreservation; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Graft Rejection;	1997
Use of low-dose OKT3 as induction therapy in liver transplantation. Transplantation, 1998, Feb-27, Volume: 65, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Admi	1998
ABO incompatible kidney transplantation on triple therapy compared with quadruple therapy. Transplantation proceedings, 1998, Volume: 30, Issue:4 Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Blood Group Incompatibility; Cycl	1998
Outcome after steroid withdrawal in renal transplant patients receiving tacrolimus-based immunosuppression. Transplantation proceedings, 1998, Volume: 30, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Creatinine; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Follow-Up	1998
Renal function in primary liver transplant recipients receiving neoral (cyclosporine) versus prograf (tacrolimus). Transplantation proceedings, 1998, Volume: 30, Issue:4 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Azathioprine; Creatinine; Cyclosporine; Diabetes Mellitus; Follow-Up Studies;	1998
Mycophenolate mofetil in lung transplantation. Transplantation proceedings, 1998, Volume: 30, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Communicable Diseases; Cyclosporine; Dr	1998
Long-term outcome of kidney transplantation after steroid withdrawal. Transplantation proceedings, 1998, Volume: 30, Issue:5 Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Follow-	1998
Impact of Sandimmune, Neoral, and Prograf on rejection incidence and renal function in primary liver transplant recipients. Transplantation proceedings, 1998, Volume: 30, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Azathioprine; Communicable Diseases; Creatinine; Cyclosporine; Diabetes	1998
Neoral versus Sandimmun: clinical impact and modification of immunosuppressive therapy in cardiac transplantation. Transplantation proceedings, 1998, Volume: 30, Issue:5 Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Creatinine; Cyclosporine; Drug Thera	1998
Treatment of hypercholesterolemia with fluvastatin in kidney transplant patients. Transplantation proceedings, 1998, Volume: 30, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Anticholesteremic Agents; Azathioprine; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, LDL; Cyclosporine; Drug The	1998
Anti-LFA-1 monoclonal antibody in renal transplantation: renal function, infections, and other complications. Transplantation proceedings, 1998, Volume: 30, Issue:5 Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Communicable Diseases; Creatinine; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy,	1998
Five-year follow-up of tacrolimus as primary immunosuppressant after liver transplantation. Transplantation proceedings, 1998, Volume: 30, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Follow-Up Studies; G	1998
Study of early corticosteroid withdrawal in cardiac transplantation. Transplantation proceedings, 1999, Volume: 31, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Thera	1999
Mycophenolate mofetil for prevention of liver allograft rejection: initial results of a controlled clinical trial. Annals of transplantation, 2000, Volume: 5, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Corticosterone; Cyclosporine; Cytomegalovirus Infections;	2000
Primary tacrolimus-based immunosuppression in renal allograft recipients: a single center experience. Transplantation proceedings, 2000, Volume: 32, Issue:7 Topics: Administration, Oral; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Co	2000
A prospective study comparing safety and efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil versus azathioprine in primary liver transplant recipients. Transplantation proceedings, 2000, Volume: 32, Issue:7 Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Drug Therapy, Combinat	2000
Anti-interleukin 2-receptor antibodies: a comparative study with polyclonal antibodies in kidney transplantation: preliminary results. Transplantation proceedings, 2000, Volume: 32, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine	2000
Antilymphocyte globulins versus OKT3 as prophylactic treatment in highly sensitized renal transplant recipients. Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation, 1994, Volume: 7 Suppl 1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antibodies; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination	1994
Steroid withdrawal 3 months after liver transplantation--does FK 506 confer any advantage over cyclosporin? Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation, 1994, Volume: 7 Suppl 1 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Drug Administration Sc	1994
Prospective randomized trial of steroid withdrawal in liver transplant patients: preliminary report. Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation, 1994, Volume: 7 Suppl 1 Topics: Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy,	1994
Mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of a first acute renal allograft rejection: three-year follow-up. The Mycophenolate Mofetil Acute Renal Rejection Study Group. Transplantation, 2001, Apr-27, Volume: 71, Issue:8 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Confidence Intervals; Creatinine; Cyclosporine; Double-Blind	2001
Low doses of mycophenolate mofetil with low doses of tacrolimus prevent acute rejection and long-term function loss after lung transplantation. Transplantation proceedings, 2001, Volume: 33, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-U	2001
Management of massive proteinuria following renal transplantation with mycophenolate mofetil and blood pressure normalization. Transplantation proceedings, 2001, Volume: 33, Issue:3 Topics: Azathioprine; Biopsy; Blood Pressure; Cholesterol; Creatinine; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combinati	2001
Quadruple versus dual tacrolimus-based induction after liver transplantation: a prospective, randomized trial. Transplantation proceedings, 2001, Volume: 33, Issue:3 Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Drug Therapy,	2001
beta-herpesvirus activation after kidney transplantation with mycophenolate mofetil-based maintenance immunosuppression. Transplantation proceedings, 2001, Volume: 33, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Cytomegalovirus; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Drug Therapy, Combin	2001
An induction versus no-induction protocol in anticalcineurin-based immunosuppression using very low-dose steroids. Transplantation proceedings, 2001, Volume: 33, Issue:4 Suppl Topics: Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Calcineurin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Graft Sur	2001
Randomized trial of tacrolimus plus mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine versus cyclosporine oral solution (modified) plus mycophenolate mofetil after cadaveric kidney transplantation: results at 2 years. Transplantation, 2001, Jul-27, Volume: 72, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Black People; Cadaver;	2001
Mycophenolate mofetil decreases antibody production after cardiac transplantation. The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation, 2002, Volume: 21, Issue:2 Topics: Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Disease; Disease Progression	2002
Simple tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive regimens following renal transplantation: a large multicenter comparison between double and triple therapy. Transplantation proceedings, 2002, Volume: 34, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Cadaver; Cholesterol; Creatinine; Drug Therapy, Combination;	2002
Improved efficacy of basiliximab over antilymphocyte globulin induction therapy in paediatric renal transplantation. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 2002, Volume: 17, Issue:7 Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Basiliximab; Child; Cyclosporine; Drug T	2002
Prediction of azathioprine intolerance in transplant patients. Lancet (London, England), 1976, Apr-17, Volume: 1, Issue:7964 Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Tolerance; Granulocytes; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Kidney Transplantation; Leukocyt	1976
Randomized clinical trial of antithymocyte globulin in cadaver renal allograft recipients: importance of T cell monitoring. Surgery, 1976, Volume: 80, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cadaver; Child; Creatinine; Graft Rejec	1976
Sri Lankan experience with three immunosuppressive protocols in living related donor kidney transplantation. Transplantation proceedings, 1992, Volume: 24, Issue:5 Topics: Acute Disease; Azathioprine; Costs and Cost Analysis; Cyclosporine; Family; Follow-Up Studies; Graft	1992
One-year randomized controlled trial with omega-3 fatty acid-fish oil in clinical renal transplantation. Transplantation proceedings, 1992, Volume: 24, Issue:6 Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Fish Oils; Follow-Up Studies; Graft Rejection; Gra	1992
Cyclosporine-related hypercoagulability: fact or fiction? Transplantation proceedings, 1992, Volume: 24, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administ	1992
Chronic rejection of renal allografts with four immunosuppressive regimens. Transplantation proceedings, 1992, Volume: 24, Issue:6 Topics: Azathioprine; Biopsy; Cadaver; Chronic Disease; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Follow-Up S	1992
High incidence of significant bacteriuria in kidney graft recipients with triple therapy. Transplantation proceedings, 1992, Volume: 24, Issue:1 Topics: Australia; Azathioprine; Bacteriuria; Cyclosporine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Incid	1992
Need for subsequent surgery in 525 kidney transplants with and without cyclosporine. Transplantation proceedings, 1991, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclosporins; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Kidney Transplantation; Nephrectomy;	1991
Lovastatin treatment of hypercholesterolemia in renal transplant recipients. Transplantation, 1990, Volume: 49, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Apolipoprotein A-I; Apolipoproteins A; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Cholestero	1990
Infections in renal transplant patients treated with cyclosporine or azathioprine. Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases, 1989, Volume: 21, Issue:1 Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclosporins; Drug Therapy, Combination; Graft Rejection; Humans; Infection Control; K	1989
Comparison of three immunosuppressive protocols in cardiac transplantation. Transplantation proceedings, 1989, Volume: 21, Issue:1 Pt 3 Topics: Actuarial Analysis; Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclosporins; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Heart Tran	1989
A randomized clinical trial of OKT3 monoclonal antibody for acute rejection of cadaveric renal transplants. The New England journal of medicine, 1985, 08-08, Volume: 313, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; Cadaver; Clinical	1985
A randomized clinical trial of cyclosporine in cadaveric renal transplantation. Analysis at three years. The New England journal of medicine, 1986, 05-08, Volume: 314, Issue:19 Topics: Acidosis, Renal Tubular; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cadaver	1986
Mannitol as an indispensable constituent of an intraoperative hydration protocol for the prevention of acute renal failure after renal cadaveric transplantation. Transplantation, 1987, Volume: 44, Issue:6 Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Azathioprine; Cadaver; Cyclosporins; Glucose; Humans; Intraoperative Care; Kidn	1987
Cyclosporine mono-drug therapy. Transplantation proceedings, 1988, Volume: 20, Issue:3 Suppl 3 Topics: Azathioprine; Communicable Diseases; Cyclosporins; Drug Therapy, Combination; Graft Survival; Humans	1988
Thromboembolic complications in renal allograft recipients. A report from the prospective randomized study of cyclosporine versus azathioprine-antilymphocyte globulin. Transplantation, 1987, Volume: 44, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclosporins; Diabe	1987
Early and late effects of two immunosuppressive drug protocols on recipients of renal allografts: results of the Minnesota randomized trial comparing cyclosporine versus antilymphocyte globulin-azathioprine. Transplantation proceedings, 1986, Volume: 18, Issue:2 Suppl 1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclosporins; Drug	1986
[Effect of plasmapheresis in kidney transplantation--a controlled study]. Zeitschrift fur Urologie und Nephrologie, 1986, Volume: 79, Issue:6 Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Creatinine; Cyclophosphamide; Drug The	1986
Serum potassium concentrations in cyclosporine- and azathioprine-treated renal transplant patients. Nephron, 1985, Volume: 40, Issue:3 Topics: Actuarial Analysis; Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Bicarbonates; Chlorides; Creatinine; Cyclospori	1985
Results of the Minnesota randomized prospective trial of cyclosporine versus azathioprine-antilymphocyte globulin for immunosuppression in renal allograft recipients. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 1985, Volume: 5, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Clinical Trials as Topi	1985
[Large intravenous doses of cortisone in renal transplantation]. Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1974, Volume: 124, Issue:15 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Diabetes Mellitus; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Graft vs Hos	1974
Infections in recipients of liver homografts. The New England journal of medicine, 1968, Sep-19, Volume: 279, Issue:12 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azathioprine; Candida; Cytomegalovirus; Enterobacter	1968
Antithymocyte globulin in renal transplant krecipients. A clinical trial. Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960), 1973, Volume: 106, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Basement Membrane; Blood Proteins; Cadaver; Cytotoxicit	1973

azathioprine and Complication, Postoperative

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (688)

Authors

Clinical Trials (12)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of Siplizumab

Number of Dose-Limiting Toxicities (DLT)

Number of Participants With Serious and Non-serious Adverse Events

Overall Progression Free Survival (PFS)

Overall Survival (OS)

Number of Participants With a Response to Therapy

Change in Renal Function as Measured by Serum Creatinine, Stratified by Withdrawal Status

Number of Acute Rejections Between Initiation of Sirolimus Withdrawal and End of Study

Number of Acute Rejections in All Enrolled Participants

Number of Acute Rejections in All Enrolled Participants Following Sirolimus Withdrawal

Number of Alemtuzumab Associated Adverse Events, Stratified by Sirolimus Withdrawal Status

Number of Deaths Stratified by Sirolimus Withdrawal Status

Number of Participants Requiring Anti-lymphocyte Therapy for an Acute Rejection, Stratified by Sirolimus Withdrawal Status

Number of Participants Who Experienced Graft Loss Stratified by Sirolimus Withdrawal Status

Number of Severe Acute Rejections Stratified by Sirolimus Withdrawal Status

Number of Side Effects of Conventional Immunosuppression, Stratified by Withdrawal Status

Number of Sirolimus Associated Adverse Events, Stratified by Sirolimus Withdrawal Status

Number of Tacrolimus Associated Adverse Events, Stratified by Sirolimus Withdrawal Status

Time From Transplantation to Acute Rejection in Participants for Whom Acute Rejection Occurred During the 1 Year Post-transplant Period

Time From Transplantation to Acute Rejection in Participants for Whom Sirolimus Withdrawal Was Not Initiated

The Proportion of Participants With Graft Loss or Death Within 12 Months Post Kidney Transplantation

Number of Biopsy Proven Rejections at 12 Months

Number of Participants With Adverse Events Including Infections at 12 Months

Patient and Graft Survival at 12 Months

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies

Authors	Studies
Portela, F	1
Ministro, P	1
de Deus, J	1
Cravo, M	1
Cotter, J	1
Duque, G	1
Ferreira, F	1
Rosa, B	1
Ferreira, PL	1
Dias, CC	1
Magro, F	1
Phanish, MK	1
Hull, RP	1
Andrews, PA	1
Popoola, J	1
Kingdon, EJ	1
MacPhee, IAM	1
Sprangers, B	1
Riella, LV	1
Dierickx, D	1
Hey, P	1
Lokan, J	1
Johnson, P	2
Gow, P	1
Rivière, P	1
Ferrante, M	1
Tominaga, K	1
Tsuchiya, A	1
Honda, Y	1
Abe, T	1
Yokoyama, J	1
Umezu, H	1
Terai, S	1
Vos, M	1
Plasmeijer, EI	1
van Bemmel, BC	1
van der Bij, W	1
Klaver, NS	1
Erasmus, ME	1
de Bock, GH	1

Intervention	participants (Number)
MMF, CNI Discontinued	0
MMF; CNI Decreased	0

Intervention	participants (Number)
MMF, CNI Discontinued	2
MMF; CNI Decreased	1