azathioprine and Colitis Gravis studies

Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"We have found two other cases of similar onset of atrial fibrillation after azathioprine use, although some confounding elements in these episodes make the possible causal relationship between the drug and this adverse event uncertain."	8.84	New onset of atrial fibrillation after introduction of azathioprine in ulcerative colitis: case report and review of the literature. ( Ardizzone, S; Bianchi Porro, G; Bosani, M; Cassinotti, A; Ferrara, E; Greco, S; Massari, A, 2007)
"Efficacy of azathioprine (AZA) in refractory ulcerative proctitis (UP) is unknown."	7.85	Azathioprine for refractory ulcerative proctitis: A retrospective multicenter study. ( Bouguen, G; Bretagne, JF; Conroy, G; Delobel, JB; Mallet, AL; Peyrin-Biroulet, L; Roblin, X; Siproudhis, L, 2017)
"To present a case of fertility restored by azathioprine treatment in a woman with autoimmune premature ovarian failure, Addison's disease, and ulcerative colitis, and to study the genetic background of the three autoimmune diseases."	7.77	Pregnancy after azathioprine therapy for ulcerative colitis in a woman with autoimmune premature ovarian failure and Addison's disease: HLA haplotype characterization. ( Cannavò, S; Ferraù, F; Gangemi, S; Trimarchi, F; Vita, G, 2011)
"We prospectively investigated colonoscopic biopsies from five groups of 20 subjects each: patients with ulcerative or indeterminate colitis treated with azathioprine (group 1), azathioprine and 5-ASA (group 2), 5-ASA (group 3), untreated IBD (group 4), and healthy controls."	7.74	Azathioprine and mesalazine-induced effects on the mucosal flora in patients with IBD colitis. ( Bengmark, S; Dörffel, Y; Lochs, H; Loening-Baucke, V; Swidsinski, A, 2007)
"To determine whether the use of azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine before colectomy is associated with an increased rate of postoperative complications."	7.71	Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine before colectomy for ulcerative colitis is not associated with increased postoperative complications. ( Harmsen, WS; Loftus, EV; Mahadevan, U; Pemberton, JH; Sandborn, WJ; Schleck, CD; Tremaine, WJ; Zinsmeister, AR, 2002)
" All inflammatory bowel disease symptoms resolved after treatment with azathioprine, which was associated with the development of pancytopenia."	7.67	Ulcerative colitis: prolonged remission following azathioprine-induced pancytopenia. ( Axon, AT; Burke, DA; Dixon, MF, 1989)
"A 77-year-old patient with ulcerative colitis (UC) was transferred to our department because of worsening bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain, which was consistent with a UC flare."	5.91	An older patient with active ulcerative colitis and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia successfully treated with the combination of anti-TNFα therapy and azathioprine. ( Hirayama, D; Ishigami, K; Kazama, T; Nakase, H; Ohwada, S; Yamakawa, T; Yamano, HO; Yoshii, S, 2023)
" Determining the optimal duration and cessation time can help to balance the risks of long-term intake with the possibility of relapse after cessation."	5.91	Azathioprine monotherapy withdrawal in inflammatory bowel diseases: A retrospective mono-centric study. ( Barberio, B; Crepaldi, M; Maniero, D; Massano, A; Pavanato, M; Savarino, EV; Zingone, F, 2023)
"Though not exempt from adverse events, azathioprine (AZA) is an inexpensive and effective drug in the induction and maintenance treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease."	5.72	Azathioprine-induced alopecia: a rare adverse event, early marker of myelotoxicity. ( Baños Arévalo, AJ; Gallardo Sánchez, F; Merino Gallego, E; Miras Lucas, L; Pérez González, Á; Vázquez Rodríguez, JA, 2022)
"A 67-year-old man was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis one year ago."	5.56	[A case report of Legionella pneumonia in a patient with ulcerative colitis undergoing remission maintenance using azathioprine]. ( Hirano, Y; Inaba, T; Ishikawa, S; Izumikawa, K; Kawai, Y; Sakakihara, I; Takahashi, S; Tanaka, S; Wato, M; Yamamoto, K, 2020)
"Drug-induced acute pancreatitis (DIAP) is an often-neglected entity where the disorder is the consequence of the toxic effects of various agents applied to treat potentially life-threatening conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease."	5.56	Recurrent acute pancreatitis induced by 5-ASA and azathioprine in ulcerative colitis. ( Bajor, J; Faluhelyi, N; Hegyi, P; Hegyi, PJ; Németh, BC; Szakács, Z, 2020)
"AZA-induced acute pancreatitis is a common adverse event in IBD patients, but in this study had a mild course in all patients."	5.43	Azathioprine-induced Acute Pancreatitis in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases--A Prospective Study on Incidence and Severity. ( Bokemeyer, B; Bündgens, B; Büning, J; Drabik, A; Helwig, U; Hüppe, D; Klugmann, T; Kruis, W; Maaser, C; Miehlke, S; Mohl, W; Siegmund, B; Stallmach, A; Teich, N; Weismüller, J, 2016)
"A 28 year-old man with ulcerative colitis treated for 10 years with azathioprine (AZA) returned from Central Asia with fever, swollen lymph glands, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia."	5.35	[Epstein-Barr virus-associated large B-cell lymphoma in a patient with colitis ulcerosa treated with azathioprine]. ( Albrectsen, JM; Andersen, O; Kiszka-Kanowitz, M; Kofoed, K, 2008)
" These observations suggest that the development of muscular weakness in patients on azathioprine should be considered as an adverse effect of the drug."	5.33	Severe muscular weakness: an unusual adverse effect of azathioprine therapy. ( Arora, M; Dutta, SK; Karhadkar, AS; Schwartz, HJ, 2006)
"It is believed that pericarditis is yet another potential manifestation of hypersensitivity to this drug."	5.30	Azathioprine-induced pericarditis in a patient with ulcerative colitis. ( Simpson, CD, 1997)
" The recommendations encompass pretreatment evaluation; medical management of active IBD; medical management of IBD in remission; management of IBD during the periconception period and pregnancy; surveillance strategies for colitis-associated cancer; monitoring side effects of thiopurines and methotrexate; and infections in IBD."	5.12	Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis and Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology practice recommendations for medical management and monitoring of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia. ( Ahuja, V; Andoh, A; Chen, M; Han, DS; Hibi, T; Hilmi, IN; Hu, PJ; Jeen, YT; Kim, HJ; Leung, WK; Matsuoka, K; Ng, SC; Ooi, CJ; Qian, J; Ran, Z; Sollano, J; Suzuki, Y; Watanabe, M; Wei, SC; Wu, K; Yang, SK, 2021)
" The thiopurine drugs, azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine, are commonly used to maintain remission in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis; however, the use of these drugs may be limited by the development of pancreatitis in some individuals."	4.91	Thiopurine-induced pancreatitis in inflammatory bowel diseases. ( Day, AS; Ledder, O; Lemberg, DA, 2015)
"We have found two other cases of similar onset of atrial fibrillation after azathioprine use, although some confounding elements in these episodes make the possible causal relationship between the drug and this adverse event uncertain."	4.84	New onset of atrial fibrillation after introduction of azathioprine in ulcerative colitis: case report and review of the literature. ( Ardizzone, S; Bianchi Porro, G; Bosani, M; Cassinotti, A; Ferrara, E; Greco, S; Massari, A, 2007)
"Bronchiectasis was treated with inhaled oral steroids and sputum expectoration while she continued mesalamine and azathioprine for ulcerative colitis."	4.12	Ulcerative colitis-associated bronchiectasis: A rare extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease: A case report. ( Abbas, A; Alhalabi, M; Ali Deeb, S; Ali, F, 2022)
"A total of N = 42 pediatric IBD patients (Crohn disease, n = 30; ulcerative colitis, n = 12) for whom an anti-TNFα therapy with and without a concomitant azathioprine (AZA) medication was administered were recruited."	4.02	Distribution and Cytokine Profile of Peripheral B Cell Subsets Is Perturbed in Pediatric IBD and Partially Restored During a Successful IFX Therapy. ( Allabauer, I; Christoph, J; Ehrsam, C; Hess, M; Hoerning, A; Kaspar, S; Metzler, M; Rascher, W; Rechenauer, T; Rieger, D; Rückel, A; Schmidt, H; Schnell, A; Schwarz, B; Siebenlist, G; Wahlbuhl, M; Weber, S; Werner, F; Woelfle, J, 2021)
"Efficacy of azathioprine (AZA) in refractory ulcerative proctitis (UP) is unknown."	3.85	Azathioprine for refractory ulcerative proctitis: A retrospective multicenter study. ( Bouguen, G; Bretagne, JF; Conroy, G; Delobel, JB; Mallet, AL; Peyrin-Biroulet, L; Roblin, X; Siproudhis, L, 2017)
"To further describe and define the entity of UC-related pan-enteritis and to investigate the efficacy of azathioprine for maintenance of remission."	3.79	Long-term treatment of patients with a history of ulcerative colitis who develop gastritis and pan-enteritis after colectomy. ( Hanauer, SB; Hart, J; Hoentjen, F; Rubin, DT, 2013)
"To present a case of fertility restored by azathioprine treatment in a woman with autoimmune premature ovarian failure, Addison's disease, and ulcerative colitis, and to study the genetic background of the three autoimmune diseases."	3.77	Pregnancy after azathioprine therapy for ulcerative colitis in a woman with autoimmune premature ovarian failure and Addison's disease: HLA haplotype characterization. ( Cannavò, S; Ferraù, F; Gangemi, S; Trimarchi, F; Vita, G, 2011)
"To assess the risk of infections in offspring breastfed by mothers receiving azathioprine (AZA) for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)."	3.77	Long-term follow-up of babies exposed to azathioprine in utero and via breastfeeding. ( Angelberger, S; Dejaco, C; Messerschmidt, A; Miehsler, W; Novacek, G; Reinisch, W; Vogelsang, H, 2011)
" Under immunosuppressive treatment with azathioprine and steroids, the patient developed cytomegalovirus (CMV) enteritis which was triggered by therapy-induced leukopenia."	3.75	[A 55-year-old woman with thymoma and hypogammaglobulinemia (Good syndrome), ulcerative colitis, and cytomegalovirus infection]. ( Baba, HA; Gerken, G; Kahraman, A; Maldonado-Lopez, E; Miller, M; Treichel, U, 2009)
"Although azathioprine usually is reserved for inflammatory bowel disease that proves difficult to control, routine early use has recently been advocated for children with Crohn disease."	3.74	Predicting the need for azathioprine at first presentation in children with inflammatory bowel disease. ( Davies, P; Mossop, H; Murphy, MS, 2008)
"We prospectively investigated colonoscopic biopsies from five groups of 20 subjects each: patients with ulcerative or indeterminate colitis treated with azathioprine (group 1), azathioprine and 5-ASA (group 2), 5-ASA (group 3), untreated IBD (group 4), and healthy controls."	3.74	Azathioprine and mesalazine-induced effects on the mucosal flora in patients with IBD colitis. ( Bengmark, S; Dörffel, Y; Lochs, H; Loening-Baucke, V; Swidsinski, A, 2007)
"Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine are useful therapies in inflammatory bowel diseases."	3.73	6-mercaptopurine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and previous digestive intolerance of azathioprine. ( Domènech, E; Garcia-Planella, E; Gassull, MA; López-San Román, A; Nos, P; Papo, M, 2005)
"To determine whether the use of azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine before colectomy is associated with an increased rate of postoperative complications."	3.71	Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine before colectomy for ulcerative colitis is not associated with increased postoperative complications. ( Harmsen, WS; Loftus, EV; Mahadevan, U; Pemberton, JH; Sandborn, WJ; Schleck, CD; Tremaine, WJ; Zinsmeister, AR, 2002)
"High doses of orally administered prednisolone induced the healing of the pyoderma gangrenosum within 2 months."	3.70	[Extra-intestinal manifestations and complications in chronic active ulcerative colitis in childhood and adolescence]. ( Hüppe, D; Schenck, B; Tromm, A, 1999)
"We report a rare case of ulcerative colitis (UC) associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in multiple organs, and with compressive fracture from osteoporosis after the administration of high-dose prednisolone and azathioprine."	3.70	Severe complications of ulcerative colitis after high-dose prednisolone and azathioprine treatment. ( Abo, Y; Kawamura, YJ; Masaki, T; Matsuda, K; Muto, T; Uchida, H; Watanabe, T, 1999)
" All inflammatory bowel disease symptoms resolved after treatment with azathioprine, which was associated with the development of pancytopenia."	3.67	Ulcerative colitis: prolonged remission following azathioprine-induced pancytopenia. ( Axon, AT; Burke, DA; Dixon, MF, 1989)
"A prospective study in the United Kingdom of 1,634 patients without transplants treated with immunosuppressive drugs (68 percent with azathioprine, 28 percent with cyclophosphamide) found an excess of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and squamous cell skin cancer, suggesting that the excesses (although larger) of the same malignancies found among transplant recipients are not due solely to the foreign antigens of the graft."	3.67	Incidence of cancer in rheumatoid arthritis and other disorders after immunosuppressive treatment. ( Kinlen, LJ, 1985)
"Approximately 20% of patients with ulcerative colitis become steroid dependent."	2.84	Traditional Chinese medicine combination therapy for patients with steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. ( Jia, J; Lu, Y; Shen, H; Shen, Z; Zhang, L; Zheng, K; Zhu, L, 2017)
"The risk of acute pancreatitis in patients with IBD is increased due to the higher incidence of cholelithiasis and drug-induced pancreatitis in this population."	2.82	Pancreatic Disorders in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. ( Bi, Y; Corral, JE; Farraye, FA; Ji, B; Kröner, PT; Lukens, FJ; Montenegro, ML, 2022)
"Adalimumab was approved for the treatment of ulcerative colitis refractory to conventional therapy several years later than infliximab in Europe."	2.82	[Long-term adalimumab therapy in ulcerative colitis in clinical practice: result of the Hungarian multicenter prospective study]. ( Bálint, A; Bor, R; Csontos, Á; Farkas, K; Gábor, Z; Hegede, G; Horváth, G; Juhász, M; Lakner, L; Miheller, P; Milassin, Á; Molnár, T; Nagy, F; Palatka, K; Rácz, I; Rutka, M; Szabó, A; Szepes, Z; Szűcs, M; Vincze, Á; Zsigmond, F; Zsóri, Á, 2016)
" Exome data for 100 patients were assessed against biochemically measured TPMT enzyme activity, clinical response and adverse effects."	2.82	Genes implicated in thiopurine-induced toxicity: Comparing TPMT enzyme activity with clinical phenotype and exome data in a paediatric IBD cohort. ( Afzal, NA; Andreoletti, G; Ashton, JJ; Batra, A; Beattie, RM; Coelho, T; Ennis, S; Gao, Y; Williams, AP, 2016)
"Azathioprine (AZA) is an established treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC)."	2.80	Long-term efficacy and safety of azathioprine in ulcerative colitis. ( Ansari, S; Clark, T; Ford, AC; Hamlin, PJ; Sood, R, 2015)
" Adverse events were monitored and therapeutic adherence was assessed."	2.78	Safety and effectiveness of long-term allopurinol-thiopurine maintenance treatment in inflammatory bowel disease. ( Bouma, G; de Boer, NK; Hanauer, SB; Harrell, LE; Hoentjen, F; Rubin, DT; Seinen, ML; van Bodegraven, AA, 2013)
"Vidofludimus (SC12267) is a novel oral immunomodulator inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-17 (IL17A and IL17F) and interferon-gamma."	2.78	Efficacy, safety and tolerability of vidofludimus in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: the ENTRANCE study. ( Ammendola, A; Diculescu, M; Dietrich, B; Fellermann, K; Hartmann, H; Hentsch, B; Herrlinger, KR; Howaldt, S; Nikolov, R; Otte, JM; Petrov, A; Reindl, W; Stange, EF; Stoynov, S; Strauch, U; Sturm, A; Voiosu, R, 2013)
" However, discontinuation of these therapeutic agents leads to a high relapse, and their long-term administration has not been proven safe."	2.76	Antibiotic combination therapy for steroid withdrawal in steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis. ( Hirano, T; Kato, K; Ohkusa, T; Tamura, I; Terao, S; Yamashiro, K, 2011)
" AZA dosage was adjusted according to clinical response and occurrence of adverse events."	2.75	Early onset steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis is a predictor of azathioprine response: a longitudinal 12-month follow-up study. ( Chaves, LD; Chebli, JM; Chebli, LA; Felga, GG; Gaburri, PD; Guerra, DM; Pimentel, FF; Zanini, A, 2010)
"The decrease in ulcerative colitis disease activity index (UCDAI) scores of 50% or more was higher in the VSL#3 group than in the placebo group (63."	2.75	Treatment of relapsing mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis with the probiotic VSL#3 as adjunctive to a standard pharmaceutical treatment: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. ( Annese, V; Brandimarte, G; D'Amico, T; Danese, S; Di Giulio, E; Di Rosa, S; Elisei, W; Forti, G; Gasbarrini, A; Giglio, A; Giorgetti, GM; Hassan, C; Imeneo, M; Larussa, T; Luzza, F; Modeo, ME; Morini, S; Papa, A; Pistoia, MA; Rodino', S; Sacca', N; Sebkova, L; Tursi, A, 2010)
"The study included 44 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), which was implemented MSC transplantation, 40 patients with UC who received standard therapy with mesalazane (salofalka) 4-6 g/day and corticosteroids (prednisone)--1-2 mg/kg, azathioprine--1."	2.75	[Allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells in patients with ulcerative colitis: two years of observation]. ( Gudkova, RB; Khomeriki, SG; Kniazev, OV; Konopliannikov, AG; Konopliannikova, OA; Lazebnik, LB; Mikhaĭlova, ZF; Parfenov, AI; Rogozina, VA; Ruchkina, IN; Shcherbakov, PL; Tsaregorodtseva, TM, 2010)
"Eighty-three patients with Crohn's disease (n = 42) and ulcerative colitis (n = 41) were enrolled."	2.73	Monitoring 6-thioguanine nucleotide concentrations in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease. ( Andoh, A; Bamba, S; Ban, H; Fujiyama, Y; Hashimoto, T; Ogawa, A; Saito, Y; Sasaki, M; Tsujikawa, T, 2008)
"All Crohn's disease patients and 3 of 4 ulcerative colitis patients achieved complete remission."	2.72	Pulse cyclophosphamide therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. ( Barta, Z; Tóth, L; Zeher, M, 2006)
" They were treated with 50 mg/day of AZA, and we evaluated the remission rate at 6 months, adverse side effects, and changes in prednisone doses after the initiation of AZA."	2.71	Low-dose azathioprine is effective and safe for maintenance of remission in patients with ulcerative colitis. ( Hibi, T; Kinjyo, F; Kitahora, T; Naganuma, M; Shimoyama, T, 2003)
"Azathioprine has a useful role in maintaining the remission achieved by i."	2.71	Combination immunomodulatory therapy with cyclosporine and azathioprine in corticosteroid-resistant severe ulcerative colitis: the Edinburgh experience of outcome. ( Campbell, S; Ghosh, S, 2003)
"Azathioprine has variable efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease."	2.71	The leukocyte count predicts the efficacy of treatment with azathioprine in inflammatory bowel disease. ( Daczo, J; Folwaczny, C; Folwaczny, M; Glas, J; Tonenchi, L; Török, HP, 2005)
"Azathioprine has also been reported to be useful as a steroid-sparing drug in patients who suffer from frequent relapses."	2.70	The beneficial effect of azathioprine on maintenance of remission in severe ulcerative colitis. ( Bhatia, KL; Kaushal, V; Malhotra, V; Midha, V; Sood, A; Sood, N, 2002)
"Azathioprine (AZA) has been shown to be effective and safe in the treatment of chronic active UC."	2.69	Mycophenolate mofetil versus azathioprine in patients with chronic active ulcerative colitis: a 12-month pilot study. ( Galle, PR; Krummenauer, F; Mayet, WJ; Neurath, MF; Orth, T; Peters, M; Schlaak, JF; Wanitschke, R, 2000)
"Tacrolimus was continued for 2 to 3 months in the responders, except for 1 patient who was given tacrolimus for 11 months."	2.69	Oral tacrolimus treatment of severe colitis in children. ( Balint, JP; Bousvaros, A; Daum, F; Day, AS; Ferry, GD; Freeman, KB; Griffiths, AM; Kirschner, BS; Leichtner, AM; Parker-Hartigan, L; Werlin, SL; Zurakowski, D, 2000)
" azathioprine trial in Crohn's disease suggests oral dosing alone may obtain the same results."	2.69	Intravenous azathioprine in severe ulcerative colitis: a pilot study. ( Johnson, T; Lipsky, JJ; Mahadevan, U; Mays, DC; Pike, MG; Sandborn, WJ; Tremaine, WJ, 2000)
"Two boys and six girls (six with ulcerative colitis and two with Crohn's disease; ages 3-17 years) received 100-200 micrograms/kg/day cyclosporine intravenously and then 4-10 mg/kg/day orally."	2.68	Combined use of cyclosporine and azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. ( Calenda, K; Grand, RJ; Langhans, N; Ramakrishna, J; Verhave, M, 1996)
"Azathioprine maintenance treatment in ulcerative colitis is beneficial for at least two years if patients have achieved remission while taking the drug."	2.67	Randomised controlled trial of azathioprine withdrawal in ulcerative colitis. ( Axon, AT; Foster, PN; Hawkey, CJ; Hawthorne, AB; Lennard-Jones, JE; Logan, RF; Scott, BB; Swarbrick, ET, 1992)
"Azathioprine (AZA) is a well-known immunosuppressant that has been known for many years for its ability to provide long-term disease remission in IBDs, but has important side effects, most of which are related to a single nucleotide polymorphism in the gene for thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT), which ensures the degradation and efficacy of AZA."	2.66	Thiopurine Drugs in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: Identification of a Novel Deleterious Mutation in TPMT. ( Harmand, PO; Solassol, J, 2020)
"Tofacitinib has been shown to be an effective induction agent."	2.66	Nonbiologic Immune Suppression in Ulcerative Colitis. ( Heron, V; Loftus, EV, 2020)
" Metronidazole and azathioprin are considered to be reserve drugs and can be used in the treatment of fistulae or in order to cut down the dosage of prednisolone during remission."	2.66	[Drug therapy of chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases--current status of 5-aminosalicylic acid]. ( Gerok, W; Schölmerich, J, 1986)
" Although azathioprine does not confer dramatic benefit upon patients with chronic ulcerative colitis who require steroids, it does permit reduction of steroid dosage without apparent worsening of the disease."	2.64	A controlled trial of azathioprine in the management of chronic ulcerative colitis. ( Binder, HJ; Kirsner, JB; Levin, B; Rosenberg, JL; Wall, AJ, 1975)
"Significant increases in Crohn's disease incidence have been noticed in recent decades."	2.58	[Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - Diagnosis and Therapy in Practice]. ( Klugmann, T; Teich, N, 2018)
"Azathioprine was shown to be significantly superior to placebo for maintenance of remission."	2.53	Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. ( Chande, N; MacDonald, JK; McDonald, JW; Patton, PH; Timmer, A, 2016)
" Data were extracted from the studies, including clinical efficacy (response rate, adverse drug reaction [ADR] rate, steroid withdrawal rate and relapse rate) and endoscopic improvement (endoscopic remission rate and mucosal healing rate)."	2.53	Treatment efficacy and safety of low-dose azathioprine in chronic active ulcerative colitis patients: A meta-analysis and systemic review. ( Li, Y; Luan, ZJ; Qian, JM; Sun, YH; Wang, L; Wang, SY; Zhao, XY, 2016)
"Recent findings do support optimized drug dosing for infliximab based on early trough levels, but question the utility of checking these values in patients doing well in maintenance therapy."	2.53	Therapeutic drug monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease. ( Dubinsky, M; Jossen, J, 2016)
"UC related colorectal cancer develop in an unpredictable manner with respect to disease duration and site questioning the validity of strict screening protocol."	2.53	Inflammatory bowel disease in India - Past, present and future. ( Ray, G, 2016)
" Fortunately, the absolute incidence of serious toxicity remains low, and an improved understanding of how best to minimize risk and the recognition of groups of patients at higher risk of toxicity from thiopurines means that they remain a relatively safe therapy in the majority of patients."	2.52	Toxicity and response to thiopurines in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. ( Goldberg, R; Irving, PM, 2015)
"Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon of unknown cause that is characterized by alternating intervals of active and inactive disease in 80-90% of patients."	2.50	Treatment of ulcerative colitis. ( Blonski, W; Buchner, AM; Lichtenstein, GR, 2014)
"Mercaptopurine was tolerated by 58% of azathioprine-intolerant patients in the Edinburgh cohort."	2.49	A trial of mercaptopurine is a safe strategy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease intolerant to azathioprine: an observational study, systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Arnott, ID; Kennedy, NA; Lees, CW; Noble, CL; Rhatigan, E; Satsangi, J; Shand, AG, 2013)
"Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a chronic progressive disorder which involves the medium size and large ducts in the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary tree."	2.49	Dysplasia and colorectal cancer in a patient with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis: a case report and a short review of the literature. ( Chaparro, M; Gisbert, JP; Guijarro, M; López, C; Moreno-Otero, R; Trapero-Marugán, M, 2013)
"Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are highly related genetically."	2.49	Update on idiopathic colitides. ( Abreu, MT; Strobel, S, 2013)
"Azathioprine was shown to be significantly superior to placebo for maintenance of remission."	2.48	Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. ( Macdonald, JK; McDonald, JW; Timmer, A; Tsoulis, DJ, 2012)
"Health care expenditures for ulcerative colitis (UC) are >$2 billion annually."	2.47	Cost-effectiveness analysis of adjunct VSL#3 therapy versus standard medical therapy in pediatric ulcerative colitis. ( Bass, D; Garber, A; Honkanen, A; Park, KT; Perez, F; Tsai, R, 2011)
" We also explore some of the recent evidence emerging in regards to the risks of lymphoproliferative disease, dosage optimization strategies and the role of thiopurines in achieving mucosal healing in UC and ultimately changing natural history outcomes for our patients."	2.47	Thiopurine immunomodulators in ulcerative colitis: moving forward with current evidence. ( La Nauze, RJ; Sparrow, MP, 2011)
"Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, together popularly known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are characterized by a number of extraintestinal manifestations."	2.46	Pancreatitis in inflammatory bowel diseases. ( Das, K; Pitchumoni, CS; Rubin, A, 2010)
" Patients often take only 40 to 80% of their prescribed dosage of medication."	2.45	[The problems of compliance and adherence, using the example of chronic inflammatory bowel disease]. ( Siegmund, SV; Singer, MV; Zimmerer, T, 2009)
"Tracheobronchitis is a rare extraintestinal manifestation of ulcerative colitis (UC) and is often mis-diagnosed and treated as asthma."	2.45	A case of tracheobronchitis in ulcerative colitis: a review of literature. ( Kar, S; Thomas, SG, 2009)
" Pharmacogenetically guided dosing is recommended for safe use of thiopurines but ongoing routine laboratory monitoring remains important."	2.44	Laboratory evaluation of inflammatory bowel disease. ( Bass, D; Wong, A, 2008)
"Azathioprine was shown to be superior for the maintenance of remission as compared to placebo based on four trials (failure to maintain remission: OR 0."	2.44	Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. ( Macdonald, JK; McDonald, JW; Timmer, A, 2007)
"Surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis is reserved for patients who fail medical therapy or who develop severe hemorrhage, perforation, or cancer."	2.44	Ulcerative colitis: diagnosis and treatment. ( Gotsch, PB; Krafczyk, MA; Langan, RC; Skillinge, DD, 2007)
"More than two-thirds of ulcerative colitis patients experience at least one relapse over a period of 10 years."	2.44	Review article: evolving concepts in treatment and disease modification in ulcerative colitis. ( Hanauer, SB, 2008)
" For patients with severe ulcerative colitis (UC), steroid dosing has been clarified, and a mega-analysis of steroid outcomes and toxicities has been reported."	2.44	Optimizing drug therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. ( Kornbluth, A; Swaminath, A, 2007)
"Pediatric ulcerative colitis tends to present with more severe and more extensive involvement than in adults."	2.44	IBD in children: lessons for adults. ( Haller, CA; Markowitz, J, 2007)
"Guidelines for treatment of ulcerative colitis in children have been created by the working group of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and the Japanese Society for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease."	2.43	[Guidelines for treatment of ulcerative colitis in children]. ( Tomomasa, T, 2005)
"Ulcerative colitis is a chronic relapsing or chronic active disease which starts at the rectum and presents with a continuous inflammation."	2.43	[Ulcerative colitis? Guidelines 2004]. ( Siegmund, B; Zeitz, M, 2005)
"Severe side effects, specially infections, are uncommon but clinically relevant with several deaths reported."	2.43	Cyclosporine in the treatment of severe attack of ulcerative colitis: a systematic review. ( García-López, S; Gomollón-García, F; Pérez-Gisbert, J, 2005)
" Additionally, established therapies are attracting renewed interest with novel dosage regimens and new formulations offering improved efficacy whilst maintaining an excellent tolerance profile."	2.43	What's new: innovative concepts in inflammatory bowel disease. ( Sandborn, WJ, 2006)
"Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the most frequent inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) with a prevalence of approximately one out of 500."	2.42	[Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) -- critical discussion of etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapy]. ( Göke, B; Ochsenkühn, T; Sackmann, M, 2003)
"Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease."	2.42	[Management of ulcerative colitis]. ( Kullak-Ublick, GA; Rammert, Ch, 2003)
"Ulcerative colitis is characterized by chronic inflammation of the colon."	2.42	Ulcerative colitis: conservative management and long-term effects. ( Fölsch, UR; Kühbacher, T; Schreiber, S, 2004)
"Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease often associated with extra-intestinal manifestations, such as dermatological disorders."	2.42	Diffuse febrile dermatosis in a patient with active ulcerative colitis under treatment with steroids and azathioprine: a case of Sweet's syndrome. Case report and review of literature. ( Amantea, A; Consolazio, A; Crispino, P; Di Palma, V; Iacopini, F; Paoluzi, OA; Paoluzi, P; Pica, R; Rivera, M, 2004)
"It describes the treatment of ulcerative colitis according to the different groups of patients and the degree of activity."	2.41	[Conservative therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases]. ( Nagy, F, 2002)
"CROHN'S DISEASE: In Crohn's disease, these are the induction of remission in chronic active Crohn's disease, steroid-dependent Crohn's disease, fistulizing Crohn's disease and the maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease."	2.41	[Azathioprine in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. Evidence base]. ( Herrlinger, K; Stange, EF, 2000)
"Important observations in ulcerative colitis (UC) over the past year include evidence of a protective effect of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) with respect to colorectal cancer, negative results from a study for heparin monotherapy, and results from a comparison of mycophenolate mofetil versus azathioprine as maintenance therapy."	2.41	Medical therapies for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. ( Baert, FJ; Rutgeerts, PJ, 2000)
"Whereas the incidence of ulcerative colitis has remained stable at around 8-9/10(5), the incidence of Crohn's disease has increased from below 1 to more than 5/10(5) per year during the last three decades."	2.41	[Therapeutic principles for chronic inflammatory bowel disease]. ( Binder, V; Munkholm, P, 2001)
"Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are chronic relapsing inflammatory disorders of the bowel that affect 2-4 per 1,000 people in Northern Europe."	2.41	Maintenance drugs for inflammatory bowel disease. ( , 2001)
"Distal ulcerative colitis may prove to be resistant to steroids and aminosalicylates, but total colectomy is more difficult to justify than in severe extensive colitis."	2.41	Review article: Immunosuppressants in distal ulcerative colitis. ( Falasco, G; Forbes, A; Zinicola, R, 2002)
"Seventy percent of patients with ulcerative colitis can expect to experience a relapse over a 12 month period."	2.41	Review article: maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. ( Kamm, MA, 2002)
"Effective medical treatment of ulcerative colitis is available."	2.40	Immunosuppressive treatment for refractory ulcerative colitis--where do we stand and where are we going? ( Schölmerich, J, 1997)
"Women with ulcerative colitis (UC) are usually young and thus likely to undergo pregnancy."	2.40	Drug therapy for ulcerative colitis during pregnancy. ( Modigliani, R, 1997)
"In both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease 5-ASA has proved effective in the acute phase of the disease."	2.39	Medical management of patients with difficult-to-treat inflammatory bowel disease. ( van Hogezand, RA, 1994)
"The standard therapy of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease is based on the treatment with corticosteroids, sulfasalazine and 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine)."	2.38	[Drug therapy of chronic inflammatory bowel disease--reliable standards and new developments]. ( Fischbach, W, 1992)
"For patients with more extensive ulcerative colitis with moderate symptoms, prednisone and/or sulfasalazine will result in improvement in about 80% of patients."	2.37	Current status of drug therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. ( Peppercorn, MA, 1985)
" The new salicylates score 75, because they extend the benefits of sulphasalazine to a minority of patients but they have the potential to score 90 if increased dosing and greater effectiveness over sulphasalazine can be achieved."	2.37	Medical treatment of ulcerative colitis: scoring the advances. ( Hawkey, CJ; Hawthorne, AB, 1988)
" Side effects can be serious but are usually manageable and, to some extent, preventable by appropriate dosage schedules."	2.37	Immunosuppressant therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacologic and clinical aspects. ( Goldstein, F, 1987)
"The modern medical and surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis has been detailed."	2.35	The management of ulcerative colitis. ( Watkinson, G, 1976)
"Crohn's disease is a perplexing disease with a high rate of morbidity and complications."	2.35	The protean manifestations of Crohn's disease. ( Farmer, RG, 1975)
"It is important to distinguish between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's colitis because response to treatment and prognosis are different."	2.35	Inflammatory disease of the colon: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's colitis. ( Ament, ME, 1975)
"A 77-year-old patient with ulcerative colitis (UC) was transferred to our department because of worsening bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain, which was consistent with a UC flare."	1.91	An older patient with active ulcerative colitis and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia successfully treated with the combination of anti-TNFα therapy and azathioprine. ( Hirayama, D; Ishigami, K; Kazama, T; Nakase, H; Ohwada, S; Yamakawa, T; Yamano, HO; Yoshii, S, 2023)
" Four (8%) developed nonserious adverse reactions and switched to 5-aminosalicylates (5-ASA) by 1 year."	1.91	Efficacy and Safety of Sulfasalazine Suspension in Children With Ulcerative Colitis. ( Bousvaros, A; Chan, C; Liu, E; Mansuri, I; Rufo, PA; Wang, S, 2023)
"Arthralgias is a common manifestation of vedolizumab treatment."	1.91	Prevalence and predictors of arthralgia after initiation of vedolizumab in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a retrospective cohort study. ( Bamias, G; Benetou, V; Gaki, A; Giotis, I; Kitsou, V; Kokkotis, G; Lagiou, P; Leonidakis, G; Leontidis, N; Michopoulos, S; Orfanos, P; Stoupaki, M; Tzouvala, M; Zampeli, E, 2023)
"ytomegalovirus (CMV) infection with ulcerative colitis (UC) still remains a controversial topic for the clinicians."	1.91	Cytomegalovirus reactivation in ulcerative colitis patients: Early indicators. ( Altunal, LN; C, AK; Ozel, AS, 2023)
" Determining the optimal duration and cessation time can help to balance the risks of long-term intake with the possibility of relapse after cessation."	1.91	Azathioprine monotherapy withdrawal in inflammatory bowel diseases: A retrospective mono-centric study. ( Barberio, B; Crepaldi, M; Maniero, D; Massano, A; Pavanato, M; Savarino, EV; Zingone, F, 2023)
"Though not exempt from adverse events, azathioprine (AZA) is an inexpensive and effective drug in the induction and maintenance treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease."	1.72	Azathioprine-induced alopecia: a rare adverse event, early marker of myelotoxicity. ( Baños Arévalo, AJ; Gallardo Sánchez, F; Merino Gallego, E; Miras Lucas, L; Pérez González, Á; Vázquez Rodríguez, JA, 2022)
"Ulcerative colitis was diagnosed 6 months earlier and treated with mesalamine 80 mg/kg/day and azathioprine 2."	1.72	SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pneumonia patient treated with two doses of infliximab within 2 weeks for acute severe ulcerative colitis: A case report. ( Abbas, A; Alhalabi, M; Ali, F; Eddin, KA, 2022)
"A 71-year-old man developed ulcerative colitis (UC) at 48 years of age."	1.72	[A case of "colitis-like intestinal Behçet's disease" accompanied by ulcerative colitis after the development of myelodysplastic syndrome]. ( Hara, E; Kamakura, M; Kitabatake, H; Kondo, S; Kunimoto, H; Nakamura, A; Ochi, Y; Saito, H; Seki, A, 2022)
"Among these, 218 (ulcerative colitis (UC) = 179; Crohn's disease (CD) = 39) patients were in clinical remission and were continued on mesalamine."	1.72	Relapse rates after withdrawal of thiopurines in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. ( Ahuja, V; Das, P; Golla, R; Kante, B; Kedia, S; Kumar, P; Makharia, G; Mundhra, SK; Ranjan, MK; Sahni, P; Sharma, R; Vuyyuru, SK, 2022)
"A woman in her 30s was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC) 4 years ago and treated with tacrolimus, azathioprine, and prednisolone 5mg (PSL)."	1.72	[Ulcerative colitis complicated by pyoderma gangrenosum and multiple aseptic abscesses]. ( Hashimoto, Y; Hosaka, H; Itoi, Y; Kasuga, K; Kita, A; Kuribayashi, S; Sato, K; Tanaka, H; Uraoka, T, 2022)
"Ulcerative colitis is a condition of chronic inflammation affecting the large intestine."	1.72	Use of Novel Biological Agent in Severe Ulcerative Colitis with Poor Response to Initial Therapy: A Case Report. ( Basnet, BK; Bhandari, A, 2022)
"We assessed the incidence and predictive factors of thiopurine-induced adverse events (AE) resulting in therapy cessation in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), related to thiopurine metabolites and biochemical abnormalities, and determined overall drug survival."	1.72	Adverse Events of Thiopurine Therapy in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Correlations with Metabolites: A Cohort Study. ( Benninga, MA; Buiter, HJC; de Boer, NKH; de Meij, TGJ; Jagt, JZ; Pothof, CD; van Limbergen, JE; van Wijk, MP, 2022)
"Of these, 448 (53."	1.72	Prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in young Greek Army male recruits from 2006 to 2018: a 13-year retrospective study from a tertiary center. ( Galanis, P; Galanopoulos, M; Giakoumis, M; Karatzas, P; Kyriakos, N; Liatsos, C; Mantzaris, G; Mylonas, I; Papaefthymiou, A, 2022)
"Treatment for moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (UC) includes medical therapies such as immunosuppressive agents or surgical options such as colectomy."	1.62	Optimal Placement of Colectomy in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: a Markov Model Analysis. ( Bewtra, M; Chu, BK; Scott, FI, 2021)
"Clinical remission was defined as Crohn's Disease Activity Index [CDAI] < 150 in Crohn´s disease [CD], partial Mayo score <2 in ulcerative colitis [UC], and faecal calprotectin values <150 µg/g and C-reactive protein <5 mg/dl."	1.62	Microbial Butyrate Synthesis Indicates Therapeutic Efficacy of Azathioprine in IBD Patients. ( Aden, K; Adolph, TE; Bronowski, C; Effenberger, M; Enrich, B; Koch, R; Moschen, AR; Reider, S; Rosenstiel, P; Tilg, H; Waschina, S, 2021)
"A 50-year-old female with ulcerative colitis (UC) (pancolitis) for 13 years was referred for a screening colonoscopy."	1.62	A case of severe diverticulosis in a patient with ulcerative colitis. ( Dias, E; Macedo, G; Santos-Antunes, J, 2021)
" NUDT15 variants are associated with thiopurine-induced adverse events, particularly in Asians."	1.56	Rare Genotype of His/His in NUDT15 Codon 139 and Thiopurine-associated Adverse Events in a Case of Ulcerative Colitis. ( Kakuta, Y; Kawata, Y; Okamoto, D; Sato, H; Terai, S; Tominaga, K; Tomiyoshi, K; Yokoyama, J, 2020)
" Dosing was guided by thiopurine S-methyltransferase-activity at baseline and by clinical response and toxicity at 4 months; 1 year into the study, therapeutic drug monitoring at 4 months was also considered in the decision making."	1.56	Role of Thiopurines in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Real-Life Prospective Cohort Study. ( Atia, O; Beeri, R; Ben-Moshe, T; Ledder, O; Lev-Tzion, R; Meyer, EO; Rachmen, Y; Renbaum, P; Shamasneh, I; Shteyer, E; Turner, D, 2020)
"Treatment for ulcerative colitis often requires the administration of immunosuppressive therapy."	1.56	First report of paracoccidioidomycosis reactivation as a complication of immunosuppressive therapy for acute severe colitis in a caving enthusiast. ( Bell, A; Fayyaz, F; Healey, S; Said, W, 2020)
"A 67-year-old man was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis one year ago."	1.56	[A case report of Legionella pneumonia in a patient with ulcerative colitis undergoing remission maintenance using azathioprine]. ( Hirano, Y; Inaba, T; Ishikawa, S; Izumikawa, K; Kawai, Y; Sakakihara, I; Takahashi, S; Tanaka, S; Wato, M; Yamamoto, K, 2020)
"Drug-induced acute pancreatitis (DIAP) is an often-neglected entity where the disorder is the consequence of the toxic effects of various agents applied to treat potentially life-threatening conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease."	1.56	Recurrent acute pancreatitis induced by 5-ASA and azathioprine in ulcerative colitis. ( Bajor, J; Faluhelyi, N; Hegyi, P; Hegyi, PJ; Németh, BC; Szakács, Z, 2020)
"Incident cases of non-melanoma skin cancers and non-Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosed after prescription of thiopurine and/or anti-tumor necrosis factor-α were identified between April 2008 and January 2018."	1.56	Lack of Increased Risk of Lymphoma by Thiopurines or Biologics in Japanese Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Large-Scale Administrative Database Analysis. ( Hibi, T; Kobayashi, T; Uda, A; Udagawa, E, 2020)
"The azathioprine was stopped, and he received intravenous ganciclovir and corticosteroids with suppression of the CMV viral load and resolution of the HLH."	1.51	Disseminated CMV infection and HLH in a patient with well-controlled HIV and ulcerative colitis. ( Abbara, A; Cockbain, BC; Cooke, G; Mora Peris, B; So, CW, 2019)
"The included patients had either Crohn's disease (54; 65."	1.51	Long-term effect of NUDT15 R139C on hematologic indices in inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with thiopurine. ( Akiyama, S; Arai, M; Fujii, T; Fukuda, K; Hamada, S; Hashiguchi, M; Hisamatsu, T; Iwao, Y; Kanai, T; Kiyohara, H; Matsuoka, K; Mizuno, S; Mochizuki, M; Motobayashi, M; Nagahori, M; Naganuma, M; Nanki, K; Ogata, H; Ohtsuka, K; Saito, E; Shimizu, M; Sugimoto, S; Suzuki, K; Takenaka, K; Watanabe, M, 2019)
"Methods Patients with active ulcerative colitis who started oral tacrolimus between January 2009 and September 2017 and were responsive were retrospectively evaluated."	1.51	Azathioprine Is Useful for Maintaining Long-term Remission Induced by Tacrolimus for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: An Inverse Probability of a Treatment Weighing Analysis. ( Fujiwara, Y; Hosomi, S; Itani, S; Kakimoto, K; Kamata, N; Nagami, Y; Nishida, Y; Otani, K; Sugita, N; Taira, K; Tanaka, F; Tanigawa, T; Watanabe, T; Yamagami, H; Yukawa, T, 2019)
"Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with IBD."	1.48	Clinical factors are associated with vitamin D levels in IBD patients: A retrospective analysis. ( Glass, Ä; Huth, A; Lamprecht, G; Reiner, J; Schäffler, H; Schmidt, M, 2018)
" During the follow-up, adverse events occurred in 6 patients."	1.48	Efficacy and safety of long-term thiopurine maintenance treatment for ulcerative colitis in Turkey: A single-center experience. ( Ecevit, Ç; Erdemir, G; Hekimci, H; Karakoyun, M; Kıran Taşçı, E; Özgenç, F, 2018)
"Anorectal malignant melanoma is often misdiagnosed as either hemorrhoids or benign anorectal conditions in inflammatory bowel disease."	1.46	Malignant Melanoma of the Anus Found during Routine Colonoscopy in Ulcerative Colitis. ( Kim, SE; Moon, W; Park, MI; Park, SJ; Seo, KI, 2017)
"Azathioprine is a highly efficient immunosuppressant drug used for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)."	1.46	Development and in vivo evaluation of chitosan beads for the colonic delivery of azathioprine for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. ( Elsabahy, M; Helmy, AM; Ibrahim, EA; Mahmoud, MA; Soliman, GM, 2017)
"Kaposi sarcoma is an unusual tumor associated to a human herpes virus-8 infection involving the skin or internal organs."	1.46	Iatrogenic colorectal Kaposi's sarcoma complicating a refractory ulcerative colitis in a human immunodeficiency negative-virus patient. ( Amouri, A; Ayedi, L; Boudabous, M; Boudaouara, T; Chtourou, L; Grati, A; Mnif, L; Mzali, R; Rejab, H; Tahri, N, 2017)
"Twenty-three patients (21 Crohn's disease, and 2 ulcerative colitis) developed AAA with subsequent LOR and were thereafter prescribed an immunomodulator as salvage therapy (thiopurine n = 14, methotrexate n = 9)."	1.46	Addition of an immunomodulator can reverse antibody formation and loss of response in patients treated with adalimumab. ( Bar-Gil Shitrit, A; Ben-Horin, S; Chowers, Y; Eliakim, R; Engel, T; Fudim, E; Kopylov, U; Lang, A; Paul, S; Picard, O; Roblin, X; Ungar, B; Williet, N; Yavzori, M, 2017)
"Real-life long-term data on infliximab treatment in ulcerative colitis are limited."	1.46	Long-term outcome of infliximab treatment in chronic active ulcerative colitis: a Swedish multicentre study of 250 patients. ( Almer, S; Angelison, L; Bajor, A; Björk, J; Eriksson, A; Fagerberg, U; Grip, O; Halfvarson, J; Hammarlund, P; Hertervig, E; Hindorf, U; Hjortswang, H; Karling, P; Löfberg, R; Marsal, J; Thörn, M; Torp, J, 2017)
"Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) were analyzed separately."	1.46	Do Thiopurines Reduce the Risk of Surgery in Elderly Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease? A 20-Year National Population-Based Cohort Study. ( Alexakis, C; Cecil, E; Chhaya, V; Curcin, V; Pollok, R; Saxena, S, 2017)
"Thiopurine-induced severe hair loss causes cosmetic problems, and it takes a long time to recover."	1.43	NUDT15 R139C causes thiopurine-induced early severe hair loss and leukopenia in Japanese patients with IBD. ( Endo, K; Kakuta, Y; Kimura, T; Kinouchi, Y; Kuroha, M; Naito, T; Negoro, K; Onodera, M; Shiga, H; Shimosegawa, T, 2016)
"AZA-induced acute pancreatitis is a common adverse event in IBD patients, but in this study had a mild course in all patients."	1.43	Azathioprine-induced Acute Pancreatitis in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases--A Prospective Study on Incidence and Severity. ( Bokemeyer, B; Bündgens, B; Büning, J; Drabik, A; Helwig, U; Hüppe, D; Klugmann, T; Kruis, W; Maaser, C; Miehlke, S; Mohl, W; Siegmund, B; Stallmach, A; Teich, N; Weismüller, J, 2016)
"Azathioprine 2."	1.43	Successful use of infliximab and tacrolimus combination therapy in a patient with ulcerative colitis refractory to infliximab dose intensification plus azathioprine. ( Borrás-Blasco, J; Casterá, E; Cortes, X; Fernendez, S; Molés, JR; Moreno, M; Rodríguez, J, 2016)
"Data of 678 incident IBD patients (Crohn's disease/ulcerative colitis(CD/UC): 331/347) diagnosed from 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2012 were analyzed (CD: m/f: 176/155, median age at diagnosis: 28, IQR: 21-40 years, disease duration: 6, IQR: 2-9 years; UC: m/f: 200/147, median age at diagnosis: 36, IQR: 26-50 years, duration: 7, IQR: 4-10 years)."	1.43	Association of extraintestinal manifestations and anaemia with disease outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. ( Balogh, M; Golovics, PA; Gonczi, L; Kurti, Z; Lakatos, L; Lakatos, PL; Lovasz, BD; Pandur, T; Rogler, G; Szita, I; Vavricka, SR; Vegh, Z, 2016)
"Twenty-two patients with ulcerative colitis in clinical relapse and 7 control subjects referred for colonoscopy were enrolled."	1.43	Confocal laser endomicroscopy in ulcerative colitis: a longitudinal study of endomicroscopic changes and response to medical therapy (with videos). ( Brynskov, J; Ciocalteu, A; Hendel, J; Karstensen, JG; Klausen, P; Klausen, TW; Riis, LB; Săftoiu, A; Vilmann, P, 2016)
"Overall, 113/164 (69%) patients with Crohn's disease and 83/136 (61%) patients with ulcerative/unclassified colitis had a clinical response by the end of follow-up (median 19 months), while 85 (52%) patients with Crohn's disease and 74 (54%) patients with ulcerative/unclassified colitis were in clinical remission."	1.43	Long-term Safety and Efficacy of Low-dose Azathioprine and Allopurinol Cotherapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Large Observational Study. ( Abdulrehman, A; Ansari, A; Bull, C; Duley, J; Kerr, P; Pavlidis, P; Stamoulos, P, 2016)
"Children with ulcerative colitis treated with AZA within 24 months of diagnosis were included."	1.43	Effect of Early Versus Late Azathioprine Therapy in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis. ( Aloi, M; Alvisi, P; Arrigo, S; Bramuzzo, M; Civitelli, F; Distante, M; DʼArcangelo, G; Gasparetto, M; Gatti, S; Illiceto, MT; Martelossi, S; Martinelli, M; Pellegrino, S; Valenti, S, 2016)
"No significant risk for other intestinal cancers was found, especially for small bowel carcinoma."	1.43	Cancer in Elderly Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-Based Study. ( Charpentier, C; Cheddani, H; Dauchet, L; Dupas, JL; Fumery, M; Gower-Rousseau, C; Marie Bouvier, A; Pariente, B; Peyrin-Biroulet, L; Savoye, G, 2016)
"Forty-four-year-old male with ulcerative colitis (UC) for 11 years reported frequent relapse despite daily sulfasalazine 4 g, azathioprine 125 mg, and rectal 5-aminosalicylic acid."	1.43	Successful colonoscopic fecal microbiota transplantation for active ulcerative colitis: First report from India. ( Bagga, R; Jain, P; Rawal, P; Seth, AK, 2016)
"Although leukopenia is a well-recognized side effect of AZA/6-MP treatment, its association with therapeutic effects has yet to be determined."	1.42	Leukopenia predicts remission in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and Behcet's disease on thiopurine maintenance. ( Cheon, JH; Hong, SP; Kim, DH; Kim, TI; Kim, WH; Park, MS; Park, SJ, 2015)
"A total of 500 patients (404 with Crohn's disease, 96 with ulcerative colitis) who received anti-TNF agents between June 2002 and July 2013 were identified and retrospectively investigated."	1.42	Concomitant use of azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine decreases the risk of anti-TNF-induced skin lesions. ( Byeon, JS; Kim, JH; Kim, KJ; Myung, SJ; Park, SH; Soh, JS; Won, CH; Yang, DH; Yang, SK; Ye, BD; Yun, WJ, 2015)
"Of 132 observations, 77 [58%] had Crohn's disease and 55 [42%] ulcerative colitis."	1.42	Body Mass Index and Smoking Affect Thioguanine Nucleotide Levels in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. ( Asher, R; Collins, P; Dibb, M; Jackson, R; Kneebone, A; Poon, SS; Probert, C; Subramanian, S, 2015)
"Treatment with azathioprine appears to be a risk factor for early EBV seropositivity in children with IBD, and the infliximab dose was associated with a higher EBV viral load."	1.42	Seroprevalence of Epstein-Barr Virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Polyomaviruses in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. ( Bronsky, J; Copova, I; Durilova, M; Hradsky, O; Hubacek, P; Maminak, M; Nevoral, J; Zarubova, K, 2015)
"A new colonoscopy showed moderate ulcerative colitis activity and the patient was declared as a steroid nonresponder."	1.42	Irreversible optic neuritis after infliximab treatment in a patient with ulcerative colitis. ( Akrawi, N; Clemmensen, K; Stawowy, M, 2015)
"Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic diseases characterized by an inappropriate immune response, which may also increase the risk of infections."	1.42	Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Are at Increased Risk of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease: A Nationwide Danish Cohort Study 1977-2013. ( Hoffmann, S; Jess, T; Kantsø, B; Petersen, AM; Simonsen, J; Valentiner-Branth, P, 2015)
"She was under treatment for ulcerative colitis."	1.42	[Case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome due to azathioprine]. ( Kanno, S; Mochizuki, H; Ogawa, R; Oikawa, T; Shibuya, S; Shijo, T, 2015)
"The management of patients with ulcerative colitis who are dependent on corticosteroid for control of symptoms, or refractory to corticosteroids or standard immunosuppressive therapy, is challenging."	1.42	New Zealand Society of Gastroenterology Guidelines for the Management of Refractory Ulcerative Colitis. ( Day, AS; Eliadou, E; Gearry, RB; Inns, SJ; Rowbotham, DS; Schultz, M; Thompson-Fawcett, MW; Walmsley, R, 2015)
"A total of 174 patients with ulcerative colitis, 99 women and 75 men, were included."	1.40	IL23R polymorphisms influence phenotype and response to therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis. ( Brito, M; Correia, LA; Cravo, ML; de Deus, JR; Ferreira, PA; Maio, RF; Ministro, P; Moura-Santos, P; Peixe, P; Sousa, P; Tavares, L; Velho, S; Velosa, JF, 2014)
" It is recommended that virtually all children with UC must be treated with some maintenance therapy and 5-ASA requirement and dosing are often higher in children."	1.40	Differences in the management of pediatric and adult onset ulcerative colitis--lessons from the joint ECCO and ESPGHAN consensus guidelines for the management of pediatric ulcerative colitis. ( Ruemmele, FM; Turner, D, 2014)
"Sera of 110 CD patients, 82 ulcerative colitis (UC), and 150 healthy controls were collected and the presence of antibodies against the mycobacterial protein tyrosine phosphatase PtpA was assayed using ELISA."	1.40	Effect of inflammatory bowel disease therapies on immunogenicity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis proteins. ( Bach, H; Bressler, B; Grist, J; Silverberg, MS; Stempak, JM; Xia, A, 2014)
" The overall safety profile was good; no serious adverse events were recorded."	1.40	Safety and efficacy of sodium hyaluronate (IBD98E) in the induction of clinical and endoscopic remission in subjects with distal ulcerative colitis. ( Danese, S; Fiorino, G; Gilardi, D; Naccarato, P; Sociale, OR, 2014)
" The occurrence of adverse effects is a major drawback in the use of these drugs, and short- and long-term toxicity represent a major limitation to their use."	1.40	Azathioprine treatment in inflammatory bowel disease patients: type and time of onset of side effects. ( Avallone, EV; Cassieri, C; Paoluzi, P; Pica, R; Vernia, P; Zippi, M, 2014)
"187 (10."	1.40	Incidence rates and disease course of paediatric inflammatory bowel diseases in Western Hungary between 1977 and 2011. ( Balogh, M; Erdelyi, Z; Golovics, PA; Horvath, A; Kiss, LS; Lakatos, L; Lakatos, PL; Lovasz, BD; Mandel, MD; Müller, KE; Pandur, T; Szipocs, I; Vegh, Z; Veres, G, 2014)
"Although some ulcerative colitis (UC) patients are diagnosed when they do not have any UC-related symptoms, clinical features and prognosis of UC diagnosed in asymptomatic patients remain unclear."	1.40	Clinical features and course of ulcerative colitis diagnosed in asymptomatic subjects. ( Byeon, JS; Jung, KW; Kim, J; Kim, JH; Kim, JW; Kim, KJ; Kim, SO; Myung, SJ; Park, SH; Park, SK; Yang, DH; Yang, SK; Ye, BD, 2014)
"Azathioprine was withdrawn."	1.40	Hodgkin's lymphoma rectosigmoid in a patient with ulcerative colitis on long-term azathioprine therapy. ( Khuroo, MS, 2014)
"While clinical relapse is noted frequently following drug withdrawal, there are few published data on predictive factors."	1.40	Thiopurine withdrawal during sustained clinical remission in inflammatory bowel disease: relapse and recapture rates, with predictive factors in 237 patients. ( Ahmad, T; Al-Hilou, H; Arnott, ID; Cummings, JR; Dattani, R; Felwick, R; Gambles, CJ; Gaya, DR; Harris, R; Irving, PM; Kalla, R; Kennedy, NA; Lamb, CA; Lees, CW; Lindsay, JO; Lobo, AJ; Mansfield, J; Marriott, S; Musy, R; Nayee, H; Parkes, M; Reynolds, S; Satsangi, J; Senanayake, SM; Smith, M; Warner, B, 2014)
"A relapse of ulcerative colitis was treated with corticosteroids (CS) and IFX as rescue therapy."	1.40	[Severe interstitial lung disease due to treatment with infliximab and azathioprine]. ( Cecere, S; Hansen, LK; Thøgersen, T, 2014)
"Azathioprine was subsequently added."	1.40	Orbital pseudotumour as a presentation of paediatric ulcerative colitis. ( Arkachaisri, T; Chu, HP; Das, L; Tan, JH, 2014)
" To identify predictive factors associated with the development of thiopurine-induced adverse events."	1.39	Safety of thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: long-term follow-up study of 3931 patients. ( Aldeguer, X; Barreiro-de Acosta, M; Barrio, J; Bastida, G; Cabré, E; Cabriada, JL; Ceña, G; Chaparro, M; Esteve, M; García-Planella, E; Garcia-Sanchez, V; Garcia-Sepulcre, M; Gisbert, JP; Gomollón, F; Gutiérrez, A; Hinojosa, J; Márquez, L; Maté, J; Mendoza, JL; Merino, O; Montoro, MA; Muñoz, F; Ordás, I; Peñalva, M; Saro, C; Vera, I, 2013)
"The treatment of ulcerative colitis is based on systemic corticosteroids, immunomodulators such as cyclosporine and azathioprine and TNF-α antagonists."	1.39	An unusual complication in ulcerative colitis during treatment with azathioprine and infliximab: Isospora belli as 'Casus belli'. ( Hartmann, F; Stein, J; Tannich, E, 2013)
"Azathioprine was associated with seropositivity (P = 0."	1.39	Prevalence of Epstein-Barr Virus in a population of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective cohort study. ( Dieleman, L; Fedorak, D; Fedorak, RN; Kroeker, K; Linton, MS, 2013)
"Azathioprine treatment was complicated with pancytopenia and septic shock."	1.39	[Acute cytomegalovirus infection-associated hemophagocytic syndrome in a patient treated with azathioprine]. ( Gartner, B; Issekutz, A; Kárász, T; Kullmann, T; Oláh, A; Rácz, I, 2013)
"Kaposi sarcoma is a mesenchymal tumor associated to a human herpes virus-8."	1.39	Iatrogenic colorectal Kaposi sarcoma complicating a refractory ulcerative colitis in a human immunodeficiency negative-virus patient. ( Azzouz, MM; Bouassida, M; Chalbi, E; Ezzine, H; Hamzaoui, L; Kilani, H; Mahmoudi, M; Sassi, S; Siai, K; Touinsi, H, 2013)
"Cases of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) were identified from medical record review."	1.39	Older age is associated with higher rate of discontinuation of anti-TNF therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. ( Ananthakrishnan, AN; de Silva, P; Desai, A; Korzenik, J; Nguyen, DD; Yajnik, V; Zator, ZA, 2013)
"To assess the levels of red blood cell thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) in subjects with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to determine how these levels impacted thiopurine dosing and leukopenia over the first six months of therapy."	1.39	The utility of thiopurine methyltransferase enzyme testing in inflammatory bowel disease. ( Bernstein, CN; Chisick, L; Oleschuk, C, 2013)
"Eleven cases occurred in patients with Crohn's disease."	1.38	Excess primary intestinal lymphoproliferative disorders in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. ( Allez, M; Beaugerie, L; Brousse, N; Carrat, F; Dupas, JL; Flourié, B; Laharie, D; Lerebours, E; Maynadié, M; Peyrin-Biroulet, L; Simon, T; Sokol, H, 2012)
" 13 adverse events occurred, including 6 specific to co-therapy (3 rash, 2 abnormal liver function tests, 1 dosing error)."	1.38	Optimising outcome on thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease by co-prescription of allopurinol. ( Anderson, SH; Blaker, P; Irving, PM; Marinaki, AM; Sanderson, JD; Smith, MA, 2012)
"Pathology revealed T1aNxM0 pleomorphic malignant fibrous histiocytoma or undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma."	1.38	Pleomorphic malignant histiocytoma: a rare skin cancer in a patient on azathioprine for ulcerative colitis. ( Daw, HA; Sood, R, 2012)
"Colectomy rates for ulcerative colitis (UC) have been inconsistently reported."	1.38	Decreasing colectomy rates for ulcerative colitis: a population-based time trend study. ( Buie, D; Ghosh, S; Hubbard, J; Kaplan, GG; MacLean, A; Molodecky, N; Moran, GW; Panaccione, R; Proulx, MC; Rezaie, A; Seow, CH, 2012)
"Ulcerative colitis (UC) associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is usually clinically mild."	1.37	Does the severity of primary sclerosing cholangitis influence the clinical course of associated ulcerative colitis? ( Burroughs, AK; Cholongitas, E; Hamilton, MI; Kalambokis, G; Marelli, L; Xirouchakis, E, 2011)
"The birth outcomes in women with ulcerative colitis are examined in a nationwide, Danish, cohort of women based on data from the Danish National Hospital Discharge Registry and the Danish Medical Birth Registry, and within a Hungarian case-control data set."	1.37	Birth outcome in women with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, and pharmacoepidemiological aspects of anti-inflammatory drug therapy. ( Nørgård, BM, 2011)
"We describe a pediatric case of Sweet syndrome presenting 10 days after treatment with azathioprine."	1.37	Azathioprine hypersensitivity presenting as sweet syndrome in a child with ulcerative colitis. ( Choe, YH; Jang, KT; Kim, MJ, 2011)
"This report presents a patient with ulcerative colitis who developed Kaposi's sarcoma following treatment with long-term medium-dose azathioprine and additional corticosteroids."	1.37	Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with ulcerative colitis receiving immunosuppressive drugs: report of a case. ( Beneklı, M; Büyükberber, S; Cetın, B; Coşkun, U; Yildiz, R; Yilmaz, IB, 2011)
"In contrast, in ulcerative colitis (UC), smoking might improve the disease course."	1.36	Early azathioprine/biological therapy is associated with decreased risk for first surgery and delays time to surgery but not reoperation in both smokers and nonsmokers with Crohn's disease, while smoking decreases the risk of colectomy in ulcerative colit ( Banai, J; Czegledi, Z; David, G; Erdelyi, Z; Gemela, O; Lakatos, L; Lakatos, PL; Pandur, T; Papp, J; Papp, M; Szamosi, T; Zsigmond, F, 2010)
"A total of 20 IBD (14 Crohn's disease, 6 ulcerative colitis) HIV infected patients and 40 matched control seronegative IBD patients (2 controls per case) were compared regarding relapse of their disease."	1.36	Course of inflammatory bowel disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. ( Baraboutis, IG; Georgiadis, D; Georgiou, O; Karamanolis, DG; Papastamopoulos, V; Rodias, M; Skoutelis, A; Viazis, N; Vlachogiannakos, J, 2010)
"The development of colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis is a function of disease duration, with the risk approaching 14% at 25 years."	1.36	Azathioprine, mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis, and the chemoprevention of colitic cancer: a clinical-practice-based forecast. ( Actis, GC; David, E; Pellicano, R; Sapino, A, 2010)
"This retrospective review examines 32 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and 19 Crohn's disease (CD) patients (12."	1.36	Monitoring 6-thioguanine nucleotide concentrations in Japanese children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease. ( Aoyagi, Y; Arai, K; Baba, Y; Fujii, T; Ikuse, T; Inage, E; Kudo, T; Nagata, S; Ohtani, K; Ohtsuka, Y; Shimizu, T; Suzuki, R; Yamakawa, Y, 2010)
"Allopurinol has been presented as a safe and effective adjunct to thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)."	1.36	Combination of thiopurines and allopurinol: adverse events and clinical benefit in IBD. ( Govani, SM; Higgins, PD, 2010)
"Adjusting therapy of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) regarding their cytomegalovirus (CMV)--status."	1.36	[Cytomegalovirus infection in patients with ulcerative colitis]. ( Baryshnikov, EN; Drozdov, VN; Lazebnik, LB; Parfenov, AI; Shuliat'ev, IS, 2010)
"Some patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) require immunosuppressants as maintenance therapy."	1.35	Predictive factors associated with immunosuppressive agent use in ulcerative colitis: a case-control study. ( Chande, N; Gregor, JC; Lau, A; Ponich, T, 2008)
"Fourteen members of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease reported 35 retrospective cases that received AZA/6-MP and were evaluated for adverse drug effects."	1.35	Efficacy and safety of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine in Japanese pediatric patients with ulcerative colitis: a survey of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. ( Etani, Y; Kobayashi, A; Konno, M; Maisawa, S; Nakacho, M; Sasaki, M; Shimizu, T; Sumazaki, R; Tajiri, H; Tomomasa, T; Toyoda, S; Ushijima, K; Yoden, A, 2008)
"In children with severe ulcerative colitis IFX is a valuable treatment for inducing remission, avoiding emergency colectomy; retreatment may be offered to maintain remission."	1.35	Infliximab for pediatric ulcerative colitis: a retrospective Italian multicenter study. ( Cottone, M; Cucchiara, S; de'Angelis, GL; Federici, T; Fontana, M; Lombardi, G; Romeo, E; Rutigliano, V; Viola, F, 2008)
" We describe the case of a young patient with ulcerative colitis, homozygous for TPMT3A alleles, who suffered fatal azathioprine-induced myelotoxicity after standard dosing with azathioprine*."	1.35	Fatal myelotoxicity after azathioprine treatment. ( Bortlík, M; Chalupná, P; Krska, Z; Lukás, M; Novotný, A; Slanar, O, 2008)
"We looked at the follow-up of the ulcerative colitis patients who, after responding to either steroids or cyclosporin (CsA), received AZA at our referral center for over a decade."	1.35	The 17-year single-center experience with the use of azathioprine to maintain remission in ulcerative colitis. ( Actis, GC; David, E; Fadda, M; Pellicano, R; Rizzetto, M; Sapino, A, 2009)
"Twenty nine previously confirmed Crohn's disease (CD) (n = 14) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 15) patients with a known previous (AZA) hypersensitivity reaction were studied prospectively."	1.35	Efficacy of 6-mercaptopurine treatment after azathioprine hypersensitivity in inflammatory bowel disease. ( Farkas, K; Lonovics, J; Molnar, T; Nagy, F; Nyari, T; Szepes, Z, 2008)
"Sweet syndrome is a reactive, sterile, pustular dermatosis that occurs in association with infection, malignancy, or connective tissue disease or in response to the use of certain medications."	1.35	Sweet syndrome as a manifestation of azathioprine hypersensitivity. ( Brunner, KL; El-Azhary, RA; Gibson, LE, 2008)
"Acute pancreatitis is a serious disease with fatality rate up to 15%."	1.35	[A case of acute pancreatitis induced by multiple drugs in a patient with ulcerative colitis]. ( Choi, HS; Hahm, JS; Han, DS; Joo, YW; Lee, HL; Lee, OY; Son, CN; Yoon, BC, 2008)
"The azathioprine was temporarily withheld and oral prednisolone was increased as it was thought that the neutrophilic dermatosis was associated with the underlying ulcerative colitis."	1.35	Azathioprine hypersensitivity presenting as a neutrophilic dermatosis in a man with ulcerative colitis. ( Thom, G; Yiasemides, E, 2009)
"A 48-year-old female with severe ulcerative colitis refractory to conventional therapy was referred to our facility for management."	1.35	Infliximab to treat severe ulcerative colitis. ( Cury, DB; Cury, Mde S; Elias, GV; Mizsputen, SJ, 2009)
"We report a case of disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) with neutrophilic pustules within cornoid lamellae on histopathologic examination, corresponding to pustules along the elevated rim clinically as well."	1.35	Pustular porokeratosis. ( Miller, DD; Ruben, BS, 2009)
"We identified outpatients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) evaluated at the University of Maryland and the Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center from 1997-2005."	1.35	Disparities in the use of immunomodulators and biologics for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: a retrospective cohort study. ( Cross, RK; Flasar, MH; Johnson, T; Roghmann, MC, 2008)
"Azathioprine intolerance is a common clinical problem, requiring drug withdrawal in up to 30% of patients."	1.35	Tolerability and safety of mercaptopurine in azathioprine-intolerant patients with inflammatory bowel disease. ( Arnott, ID; Hansoti, B; Lees, CW; Maan, AK; Satsangi, J, 2008)
" Although general guidelines have been suggested for weight-based dosing of thiopurines, no standard of care has been established."	1.35	How are Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine dosed by gastroenterologists? Results of a survey of clinical practice. ( Abreu, MT; Sparrow, MP; Woodward, M; Yip, JS, 2008)
"A 47-year-old man with a history of ulcerative colitis on prednisone and azathioprine was admitted to the hospital with a four-day history of fever, skin rash, arthralgias and leukocytosis."	1.35	Ulcerative colitis and Sweet's syndrome: a case report and review of the literature. ( Ali, M; Duerksen, DR, 2008)
"Eighteen patients (11 ulcerative colitis, 6 Crohn's disease, 1 indeterminate colitis), mean age 28."	1.35	Relapses of inflammatory bowel disease during pregnancy: in-hospital management and birth outcomes. ( Kane, SV; Kornbluth, AA; Murphy, SJ; Present, DH; Reddy, D, 2008)
"A 28 year-old man with ulcerative colitis treated for 10 years with azathioprine (AZA) returned from Central Asia with fever, swollen lymph glands, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia."	1.35	[Epstein-Barr virus-associated large B-cell lymphoma in a patient with colitis ulcerosa treated with azathioprine]. ( Albrectsen, JM; Andersen, O; Kiszka-Kanowitz, M; Kofoed, K, 2008)
" hydrocortisone, and 8 with active disease despite oral steroids (all but one with therapeutic dosage and duration of immunomodulation)."	1.35	Use of infliximab in the prevention and delay of colectomy in severe steroid dependant and refractory ulcerative colitis. ( Lawrance, IC; Willert, RP, 2008)
"When treatment with azathioprine is administered without oral CsA, patients requiring colectomy need this procedure within the first 6 months of discharge."	1.35	[Effectiveness of maintenance azathioprine therapy without oral cyclosporine after severe attacks of ulcerative colitis refractory to endovenous steroids]. ( Durá Ayet, AB; Ferrer Arranz, L; Huguet Malavés, JM; Latorre Sánchez, M; Medina Chuliá, E; Rodríguez García, I; Ruiz Sánchez, L; Tomé Toyosato, A; Tuset Ruiz, JA, 2008)
"Azathioprine therapy was discontinued as a potential source of the pulmonary infiltrate."	1.34	A case of interstitial pneumonitis in a patient with ulcerative colitis treated with azathioprine. ( Kiss, I; Lonovics, J; Makula, E; Milassin, P; Molnar, T; Nagy, F; Tiszlavicz, L; Zollei, E, 2007)
"Within a lifetime, approximately 15% of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients will have a severe relapse necessitating admission to hospital."	1.33	Ciclosporin use in acute ulcerative colitis: a long-term experience. ( Campbell, S; Jewell, D; Travis, S, 2005)
"Patients with ulcerative colitis treated with oral methotrexate at the inflammatory bowel disease clinics of Oxford and Wycombe General Hospital, UK, were evaluated."	1.33	Oral methotrexate in ulcerative colitis. ( Cummings, JR; Gorard, DA; Herrlinger, KR; Jewell, DP; McIntyre, AS; Travis, SP, 2005)
"The azathioprine dose was adapted to reach a 6-tioguanine level of >250 pmol/8 x 10(8) red blood cells."	1.33	6-tioguanine monitoring in steroid-dependent patients with inflammatory bowel diseases receiving azathioprine. ( Bessard, G; Bonaz, B; Chartier, A; Faucheron, JL; Hardy, G; Helluwaert, F; Phelip, JM; Roblin, X; Serre-Debeauvais, F, 2005)
"Chronic enterocolitis is rare in infancy and accounts for less than 0."	1.33	Long-term outcome of intractable ulcerating enterocolitis of infancy. ( Lindley, KJ; Milla, PJ; Ramsay, AD; Shah, N; Thapar, N, 2005)
"Chronic ulcerative colitis can be associated with glomerulonephritis."	1.33	Membranous nephropathy associated with familial chronic ulcerative colitis in a 12-year-old girl. ( Gordjani, N; Gröne, HJ; Kiss, E; Kreth, HW; Ridder, RM, 2005)
"Azathioprine is an important steroid sparing agent in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease."	1.33	Re-introduction of azathioprine in previously intolerant patients. ( Green, CJ; Mee, AS, 2006)
"Diagnostic criteria for CD, ulcerative colitis (UC), and indeterminate colitis (IC) were defined."	1.33	Incidence of Crohn disease in the Czech Republic in the years 1990 to 2001 and assessment of pediatric population with inflammatory bowel disease. ( Bonova, O; Dedek, P; Frühauf, P; Havlickova, A; Janatova, T; Jimramovsky, F; Klimova, L; Klusacek, D; Kocourkova, D; Kolek, A; Kotalova, R; Maly, J; Marx, D; Nevoral, J; Petro, R; Petru, O; Plasilova, I; Pozler, O; Schreierova, I; Seidl, Z; Sekyrova, I; Semendak, N; Stanek, J; Sulakova, A; Sykora, J; Toukalkova, L; Travnickova, R; Volf, V; Zahradnicek, L; Zenisková, I, 2006)
"To evaluate pharmacokinetics and tolerance after initiation of thiopurine treatment with a fixed dosing schedule in patients with IBD."	1.33	Pharmacogenetics during standardised initiation of thiopurine treatment in inflammatory bowel disease. ( Almer, S; Hindorf, U; Hjortswang, H; Lindqvist, M; Peterson, C; Pousette, A; Söderkvist, P; Ström, M, 2006)
"Long-term tacrolimus therapy appears safe and effective in refractory IBD."	1.33	Tacrolimus is safe and effective in patients with severe steroid-refractory or steroid-dependent inflammatory bowel disease--a long-term follow-up. ( Baumgart, DC; Dignass, AU; Pintoffl, JP; Sturm, A; Wiedenmann, B, 2006)
"The azathioprine therapy was discontinued as the potential source of the pulmonary infiltrate."	1.33	[Azathioprine-associated interstitial pneumonitis]. ( Kiss, I; Lonovics, J; Makula, E; Milassin, P; Molnár, T; Nagy, F; Tiszlavicz, L; Zöllei, E, 2006)
"We report here two patients with ulcerative colitis who were initially diagnosed as eosinophilic colitis based on histopathological examination during their first attacks."	1.33	Dense eosinophilic infiltration of the mucosa preceding ulcerative colitis and mimicking eosinophilic colitis: report of two cases. ( Akin, O; Doğusoy, G; Hatemi, I; Uzunismail, H, 2006)
" These observations suggest that the development of muscular weakness in patients on azathioprine should be considered as an adverse effect of the drug."	1.33	Severe muscular weakness: an unusual adverse effect of azathioprine therapy. ( Arora, M; Dutta, SK; Karhadkar, AS; Schwartz, HJ, 2006)
"One hundred fifty six patients with ulcerative colitis who were treated with AZA from January 1995 to December 2003 were reviewed."	1.33	Long term results of use of azathioprine in patients with ulcerative colitis in India. ( Bansal, M; Midha, V; Sood, A; Sood, N, 2006)
"6-mercaptopurine/azathioprine was used by 24% of patients with Crohn's disease and 12% of patients with ulcerative colitis (95% CI for the difference: 8."	1.32	A national survey on the patterns of treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in Canada. ( Best, A; Hilsden, RJ; Pocobelli, G; Verhoef, MJ, 2003)
"Azathioprine (AZA) is an effective treatment for inflammatory bowel disease."	1.32	Mistaken identity: misclassification of TPMT phenotype following blood transfusion. ( Allan, RN; Cheung, ST, 2003)
"The subgroups with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease and the effect of taking azathioprine were compared."	1.32	Bone density improves with disease remission in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. ( Jugdaohsingh, R; Meenan, J; Powell, JJ; Reffitt, DM; Sanderson, JD; Thompson, RP, 2003)
"Ten months ago an autoimmune hemolytic anemia was diagnosed."	1.32	[26-year-old patient with ulcerative colitis and anemia]. ( Caca, K; Hegenbart, U; Kreth, F; Mössner, J; Neumann, S, 2004)
"Twenty-three consecutive patients (14 male/9 female, universal colitis 14/23) entered a 3-month course of NEORAL (initially dosed at 5 mg/kg/day) because of steroid-refractoriness (14 cases) and steroid-dependence (9 cases)."	1.32	Long-term efficacy of oral microemulsion cyclosporin for refractory ulcerative colitis. ( Actis, GC; Fadda, M; Lagget, M; Morino, F; Palmo, A; Pinna-Pintor, M; Rizzetto, M, 2004)
"Potential biomarkers for Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) were identified from two sets of full thickness pathologic samples utilizing DermArray and PharmArray DNA microarrays relative to uninvolved (Un) colon or normal colon."	1.32	Regulation of gene expression in inflammatory bowel disease and correlation with IBD drugs: screening by DNA microarrays. ( Curto, EV; Davis, RL; Dooley, TP; Elson, CO; Lambert, GW; Reddy, SP; Wilborn, TW, 2004)
"Forty-one patients (32 with Crohn's disease [CD] and 9 with ulcerative colitis [UC]) were enrolled in a 4-month prospective nonrandomized study with AZA, and 101 (65 with CD and 36 with UC) were on either maintenance AZA or 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)."	1.32	Thiopurine methyltransferase activity influences clinical response to azathioprine in inflammatory bowel disease. ( Bayless, TM; Cuffari, C; Dassopoulos, T; Thompson, RE; Turnbough, L, 2004)
"Forty patients (27 male; 24 Crohn's, 16 ulcerative colitis) with chronic active disease or recurrent flares despite standard dose azathioprine for a median 8 months (range 3-114) increased their dose from a median 2."	1.32	Azathioprine dose escalation in inflammatory bowel disease. ( Emmanuel, AV; Hart, AL; Hayward, CM; Kamm, MA; Rayner, CK, 2004)
"With azathioprine, 4 patients were still in remission with a mean follow up of 23."	1.32	[Chronic active ulcerative colitis. Efficacy of intravenous followed by oral cyclosporine combined with azathioprine]. ( Bonvoisin, SC; Cenni, JC; Descos, L; Flourié, B; Moussata, D; Nancey, S, 2004)
"Azathioprine was withdrawn in seven cases (20."	1.32	Efficacy and safety of thiopurinic immunomodulators (azathioprine and mercaptopurine) in steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis. ( Bermejo, F; Carrera, E; Garcia-Plaza, A; Lopez-Sanroman, A, 2004)
"Severe attacks of ulcerative colitis have a high risk of colectomy."	1.32	Prognosis of severe attacks in ulcerative colitis: effect of intensive medical treatment. ( Angriman, I; Benazzato, L; D'Incà, R; Grigoletto, F; Medici, V; Perissinotto, E; Sturniolo, GC, 2004)
"Seventy-two patients were studied (66 Crohn's disease and six ulcerative colitis)."	1.32	Experience with the use of low-dose methotrexate for inflammatory bowel disease. ( Ansari, A; Hirst, J; Raoof, S; Sanderson, JD; Soon, SY; Yaneza, M, 2004)
" Optimal dosage for AZA is around 2."	1.32	[Immunosuppressive therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: consensus by the Austrian working group on IBD]. ( Dejaco, C; Knoflach, P; Petritsch, W; Reinisch, W; Tilg, H; Vogelsang, H, 2004)
"We report a case of refractory ulcerative colitis treated with tacrolimus."	1.31	Tacrolimus in corticosteroid-resistant ulcerative colitis. ( Iwadare, JI; Komeno, Y; Kondo, K; Matsuhashi, N; Muto, T; Nagawa, H; Nakajima, A; Ohnishi, S; Omata, M; Suzuki, A; Usui, Y; Watanabe, K; Watanabe, T, 2000)
"Azathioprine is a useful therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease that is difficult to control."	1.31	The use of 6-mercaptopurine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease after failure of azathioprine therapy. ( Boulton-Jones, JR; Mahmoud, AA; Pritchard, K, 2000)
"Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease with chronic diarrhea, rectal bleeding and characteristic histological findings."	1.31	Nephronophthisis and ulcerative colitis in siblings: a new association. ( Ala-Mello, S; Kääriäinen, H; Koskimies, O, 2001)
"Azathioprine is as effective and safe in the maintenance of the response of patients with steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis to ciclosporin as it is in the treatment of those who respond to steroids."	1.31	Safety and efficacy of azathioprine in the maintenance of ciclosporin-induced remission of ulcerative colitis. ( Actis, GC; Astegiano, M; Boscaglia, C; Bresso, F; Demarchi, B; Rizzetto, M; Sapone, N, 2001)
"Azathioprine is effective treatment for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease."	1.31	The efficacy of azathioprine for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: a 30 year review. ( Fraser, AG; Jewell, DP; Orchard, TR, 2002)
"Pancreatitis was significantly more frequent in girls as compared to boys (P = 0."	1.31	[Pancreatic involvement in inflammatory bowel diseases in children]. ( Cézard, JP; Faure, C; Hugot, JP; Le Large-Guiheneuf, C; Mougenot, JF; Munck, A; Navarro, J, 2002)
"Azathioprine was discontinued early for side-effect in 8 (26."	1.31	[Compared azathioprine efficacy in ulcerative colitis and in Crohn's disease]. ( Beau, P; Kull, E, 2002)
"It is believed that pericarditis is yet another potential manifestation of hypersensitivity to this drug."	1.30	Azathioprine-induced pericarditis in a patient with ulcerative colitis. ( Simpson, CD, 1997)
" Three patients were treated with intravenous acyclovir with concomitant reduction of steroid dosage and recovered completely."	1.30	Management of varicella infection during the course of inflammatory bowel disease. ( Balasubramanian, S; Giannadaki, E; Greenstein, AJ; Manousos, ON; Mouzas, IA; Sachar, DB, 1997)
"Azathioprine was used in addition to steroid therapy at a dosage of 2 mg/kg."	1.30	Azathioprine in steroid-resistant and steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis. ( Ardizzone, S; Bianchi Porro, G; Bollani, S; Imbesi, V; Molteni, F; Molteni, P, 1997)
" The diagnosis of azathioprine hypersensitivity should be considered in patients who have recently either initiated or increased their dosage of azathioprine."	1.30	Azathioprine hypersensitivity reaction in a patient with ulcerative colitis. ( Garey, KW; Rainish, MC; Streetman, DS, 1998)
"Twenty-eight patients (13 ulcerative colitis and 15 Crohn's disease) received oral cyclosporin for a mean of nine months (range 0."	1.30	Oral cyclosporin in refractory inflammatory bowel disease. ( Connell, WR; d'Apice, AJ; Elliott, R; Taylor, AC, 1998)
"In this study 7 patients with severe ulcerative colitis and 4 patients with active Crohn's disease unresponsive to prednisone were treated with high dose intravenous cyclosporine."	1.30	[Cyclosporin A therapy in steroid-refractory patients with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases]. ( Dejaco, C; Gangl, A; Gasché, C; Moser, G; Novacek, G; Reinisch, W; Tillinger, W; Vogelsang, H, 1998)
"Azathioprine use was frequent, with 93% reporting previous use and 86% use within the past year."	1.30	Immunosuppressive therapy for ulcerative colitis: results of a nation-wide survey among consultant physician members of the British Society of Gastroenterology. ( Logan, RF; Stack, WA; Stevenson, M; Williams, D, 1999)
"All steroid-refractory severe ulcerative colitis (UC) patients treated with IV CSA from 1991 to 1995 were identified by using the university's IBD database, with additional information from patient charts and physician files."	1.30	Intravenous cyclosporin in ulcerative colitis: a five-year experience. ( Cohen, RD; Hanauer, SB; Stein, R, 1999)
"Among patients with extensive chronic ulcerative colitis there was no difference in cancer frequency between 86 who had received azathioprine and 180 matched patients who had never received it."	1.29	Long-term neoplasia risk after azathioprine treatment in inflammatory bowel disease. ( Balkwill, AM; Connell, WR; Dickson, M; Kamm, MA; Lennard-Jones, JE; Ritchie, JK, 1994)
"Eighty-one percent had Crohn's disease, 8% ulcerative colitis, and 11% indeterminant colitis."	1.29	Immunosuppressive therapy in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: results of a survey of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. Subcommittee on Immunosuppressive Use of the Pediatric IBD Collaborative Research Forum. ( Daum, F; Grancher, K; Mandel, F; Markowitz, J, 1993)
"He had a previous history of selective IgA deficiency and ulcerative colitis treated with sulphasalazine."	1.29	Primary Sjögren's syndrome, ulcerative colitis and selective IgA deficiency. ( Colaco, CB; McCrea, DJ; Steuer, A, 1996)
"Twelve of thirteen patients with severe ulcerative colitis refractory to i."	1.29	Azathioprine is useful in maintaining long-term remission induced by intravenous cyclosporine in steroid-refractory severe ulcerative colitis. ( Bertrán, X; Cabré, E; Esteve-Comas, M; Fernández-Bañares, F; Gassull, MA; Humbert, P; Menacho, M; Planas, R, 1996)
"We report a case of pyoderma gangrenosum affecting both hands simultaneously."	1.29	Pyoderma gangrenosum severely affecting both hands. ( Adam, DJ; Nawroz, I; Petrie, PW, 1996)
"We conclude that chronic ulcerative colitis can coexist with severe autoimmune hepatitis in the absence of primary sclerosing cholangitis or hepatitis C infection."	1.28	Frequency and significance of chronic ulcerative colitis in severe corticosteroid-treated autoimmune hepatitis. ( Carpenter, HA; Czaja, AJ; Perdigoto, R, 1992)
"Nine patients had ulcerative colitis and 12 patients had Crohn disease; the patients' ages ranged from 3 to 17 years."	1.28	Azathioprine in the treatment of children with inflammatory bowel disease. ( Grand, RJ; Verhave, M; Winter, HS, 1990)
"The use of azathioprine in ulcerative colitis is unclear."	1.28	The role of azathioprine in the management of ulcerative colitis. ( Axon, AT; Burke, DA; Foster, PN; Johnston, D; Lobo, AJ, 1990)
"Warm-antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare but typical extraintestinal complication of ulcerative colitis."	1.27	[Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in ulcerative colitis. Report on 7 cases, possible treatment and review of the literature]. ( Lang, B; Maas, D; Weber, S, 1985)
"Sixty-one consecutive cases of ulcerative colitis from the Department of Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, over a 16-year period (1971 to 1986) were reviewed."	1.27	Ulcerative colitis in Singapore: a clinical study of sixty-one patients. ( Ho, MS; Koh, D; Kwok, KC; Lim, TC; Ng, HS; Seah, CS; Teh, LB, 1987)
"In a high percentage of patients with ulcerative colitis good results are obtained with conservative therapy, using salazopyridine alone or in combination with cortisone."	1.26	[Inflammatory intestinal diseases: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Early diagnosis and treatment]. ( Belohlavek, D; Koch, H; Morl, M, 1976)
"There were no deaths directly due to ulcerative colitis or to surgical treatment in these patients during the period of the study, the mean period of follow-up being 25 months; but 4 elderly patients died from unrelated causes."	1.26	Further experience in the treatment of severe attacks of ulcerative colitis. ( Kettlewell, MG; Lee, EG; Truelove, SC; Willoughby, CP, 1978)
"The remission period of patients with ulcerative colitis was extended by long term treatment with 2-3 g sulphasalazine daily."	1.26	[Long-term therapy in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease]. ( Malchow, H, 1979)
"The link between ulcerative colitis, the chronic hepatopathy and the development of Hodgkin's disease that could have arisen as a consequence of the prolonged immunosuppressive treatment are discussed."	1.26	[Hodgkin's disease developing in the course of a chronic liver disease with ulcerative colitis immunosuppressed with azathioprine]. ( Findor, JA; Orbuch, SJ, 1979)
"Azathioprine (Imuran) was administered to seven patients with ulcerative colitis suffering from a relapse which could not be controlled by adrenocortical steroids."	1.25	Treatment of ulcerative colitis with azathioprine. ( Gilon, E; Theodor, E; Waks, U, 1968)

Research

Studies (775)

Authors

Clinical Trials (25)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Number of Participants With Clinical Remission at Week 6

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	140 (18.06)	18.7374
1990's	61 (7.87)	18.2507
2000's	221 (28.52)	29.6817
2010's	293 (37.81)	24.3611
2020's	60 (7.74)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Vázquez Rodríguez, JA	1
Merino Gallego, E	1
Baños Arévalo, AJ	1
Gallardo Sánchez, F	1
Miras Lucas, L	1
Pérez González, Á	1
Chu, BK	1
Scott, FI	3
Bewtra, M	1
Dargenio, VN	1
Cristofori, F	1
Francavilla, R	1
Alhalabi, M	2
Eddin, KA	1
Ali, F	2
Abbas, A	2
Ranjan, MK	2
Kante, B	2
Vuyyuru, SK	2
Kumar, P	2
Mundhra, SK	2
Golla, R	2
Sharma, R	2
Sahni, P	2
Das, P	2
Makharia, G	2
Kedia, S	2
Ahuja, V	3
Kondo, S	1
Kamakura, M	1
Nakamura, A	1
Saito, H	1
Kunimoto, H	1
Kitabatake, H	1
Seki, A	1
Ochi, Y	1
Hara, E	1
Cui, M	1
Fang, Z	1
Song, M	1
Zhou, T	1
Wang, Y	1
Liu, K	1
Ali Deeb, S	1
Choi, SY	2
Choi, S	1
Kang, B	3
Choe, BH	1
Lee, YJ	1
Park, JH	1
Kim, YB	1
Kim, JY	1
Lee, K	1
Lee, KJ	2
Kang, KS	1
Lee, YM	2
Kim, HJ	3
Kang, Y	1
Jang, HJ	1
Yi, DY	1
Hong, SJ	1
Choi, YJ	1
Hong, J	1
Kim, SC	1
Kita, A	1
Hashimoto, Y	1
Sato, K	1
Itoi, Y	1
Kasuga, K	1
Tanaka, H	1
Hosaka, H	1
Kuribayashi, S	1
Uraoka, T	1
Yamakawa, T	3
Ishigami, K	3
Ohwada, S	3
Kazama, T	3
Hirayama, D	3
Yoshii, S	3
Yamano, HO	3
Nakase, H	4
Mansuri, I	1
Wang, S	1
Rufo, PA	1
Liu, E	1
Chan, C	1
Bousvaros, A	4
Bhandari, A	1
Basnet, BK	1
Kokkotis, G	1
Zampeli, E	1
Tzouvala, M	1
Giotis, I	1
Orfanos, P	1
Benetou, V	1
Stoupaki, M	1
Leontidis, N	1
Leonidakis, G	1
Kitsou, V	1
Gaki, A	1
Lagiou, P	1
Michopoulos, S	1
Bamias, G	2
Martins, AL	1
Galhardi Gasparini, R	1
Sassaki, LY	1
Saad-Hossne, R	1
Ritter, AMV	1
Barreto, TB	1
Marcolino, T	1
Yang Santos, C	1
Irving, PM	6
Han, IS	1
Baek, DH	1
Hong, SM	1
Lee, BE	1
Lee, MW	1
Kim, GH	1
Song, GA	1
Altunal, LN	1
Ozel, AS	1
C, AK	1
Crepaldi, M	1
Maniero, D	1
Massano, A	1
Pavanato, M	1
Barberio, B	2
Savarino, EV	1
Zingone, F	1
Abdallah, M	1
Saleh, M	1
Elgouhari, H	1
Huntington, MK	1
Velayos Jiménez, B	1
Cuello García, R	1
Del Olmo Martínez, L	1
Macho Conesa, A	1
Fernández Salazar, L	1
Portela, F	2
Ministro, P	2
de Deus, J	1
Cravo, M	1
Cotter, J	1
Duque, G	1
Ferreira, F	1
Rosa, B	1
Ferreira, PL	1
Dias, CC	1
Magro, F	2
Maconi, G	3
Mezzina, N	1
Landi, S	1
Grillo, S	1
Bezzio, C	1
Bosani, M	2
Pastorelli, L	1
Dell'Era, A	1
Chibbar, R	1
Carmagnola, S	1
Molteni, P	2
Cassinotti, A	4
Massari, A	3
Ardizzone, S	7
Kearney, N	1
Harnett, C	1
Keohane, J	1
Thorne, J	1
Feighery, C	1
Collins, S	1
Luo, M	2
Shah, Y	2
Lasch, K	2
Vajravelu, RK	1
Mamtani, R	1
Fennimore, B	1
Gerich, ME	1
Lewis, JD	2
Kawali, A	1
Bavaharan, B	1
Sanjay, S	1
Mohan, A	1
Mahendradas, P	1
Shetty, B	1
Papamichael, K	1
Cheifetz, AS	1
Schnell, A	1
Schwarz, B	1
Wahlbuhl, M	1
Allabauer, I	1
Hess, M	1
Weber, S	2
Werner, F	1
Schmidt, H	1
Rechenauer, T	1
Siebenlist, G	1
Kaspar, S	1
Ehrsam, C	1
Rieger, D	1
Rückel, A	1
Metzler, M	1
Christoph, J	1
Woelfle, J	1
Rascher, W	1
Hoerning, A	1
Thomsen, SB	1
Allin, KH	1
Burisch, J	1
Jensen, CB	1
Hansen, S	1
Gluud, LL	1
Theede, K	1
Kiszka-Kanowitz, M	2
Nielsen, AM	1
Jess, T	4
Suzuki, K	2
Ohe, R	1
Kabasawa, T	1
Aung, NY	1
Yano, M	1
Katsumi, S	1
Yanagiya, R	1
Yamamoto, M	1
Toubai, T	1
Ishizawa, K	1
Yamakawa, M	1
Tomiyoshi, K	1
Sato, H	1
Tominaga, K	3
Kawata, Y	1
Okamoto, D	1
Kakuta, Y	2
Yokoyama, J	2
Terai, S	2
Miranda, E	1
Meza, R	1
Kolbach, M	1
Torres, J	1
Harris, PR	1
Atia, O	1
Ledder, O	3
Ben-Moshe, T	1
Lev-Tzion, R	2
Rachmen, Y	1
Meyer, EO	1
Beeri, R	2
Renbaum, P	2
Shamasneh, I	1
Shteyer, E	1
Turner, D	3
Tsuruta, Y	1
Furuta, Y	1
Naoe, H	1
Tanaka, M	1
Balram, B	1
Lubov, J	1
Theoret, Y	1
Afif, W	1
Bitton, A	1
Wild, G	1
Lakatos, PL	6
Bessissow, T	1
Healey, S	1
Said, W	1
Fayyaz, F	1
Bell, A	1
Dubois, E	1
Moens, A	1
Geelen, R	1
Sabino, J	1
Ferrante, M	2
Vermeire, S	5
Targownik, LE	2
Benchimol, EI	2
Bernstein, CN	5
Singh, H	2
Tennakoon, A	2
Zubieta, AA	1
Coward, S	2
Jones, J	3
Kaplan, GG	2
Kuenzig, ME	1
Murthy, SK	2
Nguyen, GC	2
Peña-Sánchez, JN	2
Ran, Z	1
Wu, K	1
Matsuoka, K	3
Jeen, YT	1
Wei, SC	1
Chen, M	1
Hu, PJ	1
Andoh, A	5
Yang, SK	5
Watanabe, M	3
Ng, SC	2
Hibi, T	8
Hilmi, IN	1
Suzuki, Y	1
Han, DS	2
Leung, WK	1
Sollano, J	1
Ooi, CJ	2
Qian, J	1
Effenberger, M	1
Reider, S	1
Waschina, S	1
Bronowski, C	1
Enrich, B	1
Adolph, TE	1
Koch, R	1
Moschen, AR	1
Rosenstiel, P	1
Aden, K	1
Tilg, H	2
Yoshida, A	1
Katsumata, Y	1
Hirahara, S	1
Hanaoka, M	1
Ochiai, M	1
Kobayashi, M	1
Harigai, M	1
Moreno Moraleda, I	1
Lázaro Sáez, M	1
Diéguez Castillo, C	1
Hernández Martínez, Á	1
Stournaras, E	1
Qian, W	1
Pappas, A	1
Hong, YY	1
Shawky, R	1
Raine, T	1
Parkes, M	2
Harmand, PO	1
Solassol, J	1
Heron, V	1
Loftus, EV	4
Hirano, Y	1
Takahashi, S	1
Inaba, T	1
Kawai, Y	1
Sakakihara, I	1
Izumikawa, K	1
Yamamoto, K	2
Tanaka, S	2
Ishikawa, S	1
Wato, M	2
Mahadevan, U	4
Long, MD	3
Kane, SV	3
Roy, A	2
Dubinsky, MC	3
Sands, BE	2
Cohen, RD	6
Chambers, CD	1
Sandborn, WJ	9
Hegyi, PJ	1
Szakács, Z	1
Faluhelyi, N	1
Németh, BC	1
Bajor, J	1
Hegyi, P	2
Dias, E	1
Santos-Antunes, J	2
Macedo, G	3
Lin, G	1
Li, M	2
Xu, N	1
Wu, X	1
Liu, J	1
Wu, Y	1
Zhang, Q	1
Cai, J	1
Gao, C	1
Su, Z	1
Morikubo, H	1
Kobayashi, T	2
Ozaki, R	1
Okabayashi, S	1
Kuronuma, S	1
Takeuchi, O	1
Shiba, T	1
Kiyohara, H	2
Matsubayashi, M	1
Sagami, S	1
Nakano, M	1
Ikezaki, O	1
Hisamatsu, T	4
Tanaka, Y	1
Jagt, JZ	1
Pothof, CD	1
Buiter, HJC	1
van Limbergen, JE	2
van Wijk, MP	1
Benninga, MA	1
de Boer, NKH	1
de Meij, TGJ	1
Céruti, H	1
Kayem, G	1
Guilbaud, L	1
Dussaux, C	1
Gervais, A	1
Beaufrère, A	1
Coffin, B	1
Mandelbrot, L	1
Maisonneuve, E	1
Montenegro, ML	1
Corral, JE	1
Lukens, FJ	1
Ji, B	1
Kröner, PT	1
Farraye, FA	1
Bi, Y	1
Kyriakos, N	1
Papaefthymiou, A	1
Giakoumis, M	2
Galanopoulos, M	1
Galanis, P	1
Mylonas, I	1
Karatzas, P	2
Mantzaris, G	1
Liatsos, C	1
Gómez-Medina, C	1
Capilla-Lozano, M	1
Ballester-Ferré, MP	1
Martí-Aguado, D	1
Crespo, A	1
Bosca-Watts, MM	2
Navarro-Cortés, P	1
Antón, R	1
Pascual-Moreno, I	1
Tosca Cuquerella, J	1
Mínguez Pérez, M	1
Walinjkar, S	1
Kumar, A	1
Sharma, P	2
Gupta, P	1
Bansal, N	1
Singla, V	1
Anikhindi, SA	1
Arora, A	1
Corona, A	1
Duca, P	2
Nebuloni, M	1
Fociani, P	1
Seah, D	1
Choy, MC	1
Gorelik, A	1
Connell, WR	3
Sparrow, MP	4
Van Langenberg, D	1
Hebbard, G	1
Moore, G	1
De Cruz, P	1
Seo, KI	1
Moon, W	1
Kim, SE	1
Park, MI	1
Park, SJ	4
Adalı, G	1
Ersoy Tunalı, N	1
Yorulmaz, E	1
Tiryakioğlu, NO	1
Mungan, SG	1
Ulaşoğlu, C	1
Yılmaz Enç, F	1
Tuncer, İ	1
Yarur, AJ	1
Gondal, B	1
Hirsch, A	1
Christensen, B	1
Rubin, DT	4
Helmy, AM	1
Elsabahy, M	1
Soliman, GM	1
Mahmoud, MA	1
Ibrahim, EA	1
Milanesi, N	1
Gola, M	1
Francalanci, S	1
Schäffler, H	1
Schmidt, M	1
Huth, A	1
Reiner, J	1
Glass, Ä	1
Lamprecht, G	1
van Gennep, S	1
de Boer, NK	3
D'Haens, GR	1
Löwenberg, M	1
Bermejo, F	3
Aguas, M	1
Chaparro, M	4
Domènech, E	7
Echarri, A	1
García-Planella, E	7
Guerra, I	2
Gisbert, JP	10
López-Sanromán, A	4
Chtourou, L	1
Ayedi, L	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Multicenter National Prospective Study of Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes in Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease[NCT00904878]		1,500 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2007-08-31	Recruiting
Pregnancy in Greek Female Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease - Panhellenic Recording[NCT05562726]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2020-01-01	Recruiting
A Phase 2/3 Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Golimumab Induction Therapy, Administered Subcutaneously, in Subjects With Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis[NCT00487539]	Phase 2/Phase 3	1,065 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-08-31	Completed
Association of Golimumab Trough Levels With Endoscopic and Histologic Healing in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis[NCT03773445]		52 participants (Actual)	Observational	2019-03-01	Completed
Optimization of Golimumab Treatment in Ulcerative Colitis[NCT03669029]	Phase 4	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-10-01	Not yet recruiting
Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Infliximab, as Monotherapy or in Combination With Azathioprine, Versus Azathioprine Monotherapy in Moderate to Severe Active Ulcerative Colitis (Part 1) Comparison of Maintenance Versus Intermittent Infliximab Trea[NCT00537316]	Phase 3	242 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-07-31	Terminated (stopped due to Infusion reactions during re-induction cycles after a period of no treatment in another study [P04563, NCT0358670])
Circadian Misalignment as a Disease Risk Factor in Inflammatory Bowel Disease[NCT04637399]		52 participants (Actual)	Observational	2016-11-22	Completed
Pharmacogenetic Testing in the Clinical Setting: is Screening for TPMT Genotype a Cost-effective Treatment Strategy? - The First Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial Within the Dutch Health Care System.[NCT00521950]		853 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-09-30	Completed
Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy Findings in Patients With Proctosigmoiditis Before and After Initiation of Treatment[NCT01684514]		29 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-10-31	Completed
Identification of Predictive Biomarkers for Response to Biologic Therapies and Tofacitinib in Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Proteomic and Mass Cytometry Approaches[NCT03885713]	Phase 4	180 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-09-10	Recruiting
Effect of Aloe Vera in the Inflammation of Patients With Mild Ulcerative Colitis[NCT01783119]	Early Phase 1	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-08-31	Recruiting
"A Phase 1b/2 Study to Demonstrate the Safety and Efficacy of EXE-346 Live Biotherapeutic to Reduce High Bowel Movement Frequency in Subjects With an Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis (PROF). The PROF Study."[NCT05938465]	Phase 1/Phase 2	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-10-11	Recruiting
The Effect of Therapeutic Fecal Transplant on the Gut Microbiome in Children With Ulcerative Colitis[NCT02291523]	Phase 1	101 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-11-01	Active, not recruiting
Antimicrobial Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis : Evaluation of Two Antibiotic Combinations for Refractory Ulcerative Colitis[NCT03986996]	Phase 2	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-07-25	Terminated (stopped due to There is no feasibility to conduct the study)
Improving OutcoMes in the Pediatric to Adult Care Transition in Inflammatory Bowel Disease[NCT02085083]		150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-07-31	Completed
Exploratory, Open-label Study to Demonstrate Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of SC12267 (35 mg) in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis)[NCT00820365]	Phase 2	34 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-03-31	Completed
Manitoba Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Study[NCT03262649]		388 participants (Actual)	Observational	2002-03-01	Completed
Correlation of Infliximab Levels With Outcomes in Ulcerative Colitis[NCT02438410]		13 participants (Actual)	Observational	2015-05-31	Completed
A Randomized, Multicenter Open Label Study Comparing Cyclosporine With Infliximab in Steroid-refractory Severe Attacks of Ulcerative Colitis[NCT00542152]	Phase 4	115 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-06-30	Completed
Risk-stratified Randomized Controlled Trial in Paediatric Crohn Disease:Methotrexate vs Azathioprine or Adalimumab for Maintaining Remission in Patients at Low or High Risk for Aggressive Disease Course, respectively-a Treatment Strategy[NCT02852694]	Phase 4	312 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-02-28	Recruiting
Role of Information and Communication Technologies for Health Support in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: The DAMASCO Trial (Stage I)[NCT04893928]		351 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2021-05-03	Recruiting
Counseling to Optimize Medication Adherence in Expectant Mothers With Inflammatory Bowel Disease (COACH-IBD)[NCT03091309]		220 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-10-01	Recruiting
Nutritional Status and Body Composition in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study[NCT02704026]		72 participants (Actual)	Observational	2015-07-31	Completed
Phase 3: Randomised Controlled Trial of Rituximab in Active Ulcerative Colitis[NCT00261118]	Phase 2/Phase 3	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-04-30	Completed
Hypnotherapy for Prevention of Relapse in Ulcerative Colitis: a Randomised, Single-blind, Controlled Clinical Trial[NCT00553163]		26 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-10-31	Terminated (stopped due to Unable to recruit sufficient numbers of patinets in the time available)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Clinical remission is defined as a Mayo score of less than or equal to 2, with no individual sub-score greater than 1. The Mayo score is sum of 4 sub-scores (i.e., stool frequency, rectal bleeding, endoscopic findings, and physician's global assessment); each rated on a scale from 0 to 3, with higher scores indicating more severe disease. The total Mayo score value ranges from 0 to 12. (NCT00487539)
Timeframe: Week 6

Number of Participants With Clinical Response at Week 6

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Placebo	16
Golimumab 200 mg -> 100 mg	45
Golimumab 400 mg -> 200 mg	46

Clinical response is defined as decrease from baseline in Mayo score by greater than or equal to 30 percent and greater than or equal to 3, with either a decrease from baseline in rectal bleeding sub-score of greater than or equal to 1 or a rectal bleeding sub-score of 0 or 1. The Mayo score is sum of 4 sub-scores (i.e., stool frequency, rectal bleeding, endoscopic findings, and physician's global assessment); each rated on a scale from 0 to 3, with higher scores indicating more severe disease. The total Mayo score value ranges from 0 to 12. (NCT00487539)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 6

Number of Participants With Mucosal Healing at Week 6

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Placebo	76
Golimumab 200 mg -> 100 mg	129
Golimumab 400 mg -> 200 mg	141

Mucosal healing is determined from the endoscopy sub-score of the Mayo score. Mucosal healing is defined as an endoscopy sub-score of 0 or 1. Higher score indicates higher severity of disease. Endoscopy sub-score ranges from 0 (normal or inactive disease) to 3 (severe disease; spontaneous bleeding and ulceration). (NCT00487539)
Timeframe: Week 6

Change From Baseline in the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) Score at Week 6

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Placebo	72
Golimumab 200 mg -> 100 mg	107
Golimumab 400 mg -> 200 mg	116

The IBDQ is used to measure disease specific quality of life on a 32 Likert-scaled items questionnaire. The IBDQ scale contains 4 component subscales: bowel symptoms, systemic symptoms, emotional function and social function with scores ranging from 10 to 70, 5 to 35, 12 to 84 and 5 to 35 respectively and the total score ranges from 32 to 224. Higher scores indicate better health related quality of life. (NCT00487539)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 6

Proportion of Participants in Steroid-free Remission at Week 16

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Mean)
	Baseline	Change at Week 6
Golimumab 200 mg -> 100 mg	131.7	27.0
Golimumab 400 mg -> 200 mg	127.2	26.9
Placebo	129.6	14.8

Steroid-free remission is defined as a total Mayo score of 2 points or lower, with no individual sub-score exceeding 1 point, without the use of corticosteroids. The total Mayo score consists of the following 4 sub-scores: stool frequency, rectal bleeding, findings of endoscopy (sigmoidoscopy), and physician's global assessment. (NCT00537316)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

Proportion of Participants With Mucosal Healing at Week 16

Intervention	Proportion of participants (Number)
Infliximab (IFX)	0.22
Azathioprine (AZA)	0.24
IFX/AZA	0.40

Mucosal healing was defined as a Mayo endoscopy score of 0 or 1. (NCT00537316)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

Proportion of Participants in Response at Weeks 8 and 16

Intervention	Proportion of participants (Number)
Infliximab (IFX)	0.55
Azathioprine (AZA)	0.37
IFX/AZA	0.63

Response at Week 8 is defined as a decrease in the partial Mayo score of ≥1 point. Response at Week 16 is defined as a decrease in total Mayo score of ≥3 points and at least 30% lower than baseline Mayo score. The partial Mayo score consists of the following 3 sub-scores: stool frequency, rectal bleeding, and physician's global assessment. The total Mayo score consists of the following 4 sub-scores: stool frequency, rectal bleeding, findings of endoscopy (sigmoidoscopy), and physician's global assessment. (NCT00537316)
Timeframe: Weeks 8 and 16

Number of Participants to be Colectomy Free at 1 Month

Intervention	Proportion of participants (Number)
	Week 8	Week 16
Azathioprine (AZA)	0.66	0.50
IFX/AZA	0.86	0.77
Infliximab (IFX)	0.88	0.69

Total number of participants to be colectomy free at 1 month (NCT02438410)
Timeframe: 1 month

Number of Participants to be Colectomy Free at 3 Months

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Hospitalized Patients Receiving Infliximab	11

Total number of participants to be colectomy free at 3 months (NCT02438410)
Timeframe: 3 month

Number of Participants With the Need for Colectomy Assessed by Biomarker Levels

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Hospitalized Patients Receiving Infliximab	6

Biomarkers markers ESR, CRP, TNF levels, and hemoglobin will be collected to assess relationships between colectomy an other potential biomarkers (NCT02438410)
Timeframe: 3 months

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score-Anxiety, (HADSA) at Week 13

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Hospitalized Patients Receiving Infliximab	13

Measure of anxiety, HADS Hospital anxiety and depression scale. HADS questionnaire consists of a 14 question validated questionnaire, developed to measure anxiety and depression in the hospital setting. Each item is answered by the patient on a four point (0-3) response category so the possible scores range from 0 (minimum) to 21 (maximum) for anxiety and 0 (minimum) to 21 (maximum) for depression. Higher scores indicate worse outcome, (NCT00553163)
Timeframe: 13 weeks

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score-Depression (HADSD)

Intervention	score on a scale (Median)
UC Patients Given Gut-focussed Hpynotherapy	7
UC Patients Given Control Educational Sessions	10

Measure of depression. Each item is answered by the patient on a four point (0-3) response category so the possible scores range from 0 to 21 for anxiety and 0 to 21 for depression. Each item is answered by the patient on a four point (0-3) response category so the possible scores range from 0 (minimum) to 21 (maximum) for anxiety and (minimum) to 21 (maximum) for depression. Higher scores worse outcome. (NCT00553163)
Timeframe: 13 weeks

Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) at Week 13

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
UC Patients Given Gut-focussed Hypnotherapy	1.5
UC Patients Given Control Educational Sessions	4

IBDQ (standard measure of IBD patients' Quality of life (QoL) (Irvine et al 1982 approx). The IBDQ is a validated and reliable tool to measure of health-related quality of life in adult patients with IBD. The questionnaire consists of 32 questions scored in four domains: bowel symptoms, emotional health, systemic systems and social function. Scores range from 1 (poorest QoL) to 7 (best QoL). Higher scores indicate better QoL. Lowest score 7, highest score 224. (NCT00553163)
Timeframe: 13 weeks

Perceived Stress Questionnaire-Recent (PSQ-R)

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
UC Patients Given Gut-focussed Hypnotherapy	195
UC Patients Given Control Educational Sessions	192

Measure of recent psychological stress. THE PSQ R consists of a 30 question questionnaires: recent, in which the statements used apply to the last month in which used statements apply to the last two years (Appendix 1.3). The score for both recent and general stress levels were stated as the PSQ index ranging from 0 (non-stressed) to 0.99 (highly stressed). Higher scores indicate worse outcome. (NCT00553163)
Timeframe: 13 weeks

Relapse at 1 Year

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
UC Patients Given Gut-focussed Hypnotherapy	0.3
UC Patients Given Control Educational Sessions	0.4

The number of patients suffering a relapse was compared between the two treatment groups, and was the primary outcome parameter of this study. (NCT00553163)
Timeframe: 1 year

Article	Year
Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis and Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology practice recommendations for medical management and monitoring of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2021, Volume: 36, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminosalicylic Acid; Asia; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease	2021
Thiopurine Drugs in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: Identification of a Novel Deleterious Mutation in TPMT. Genes, 2020, 10-16, Volume: 11, Issue:10 Topics: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Drug Resistance; Humans; Methylt	2020
Nonbiologic Immune Suppression in Ulcerative Colitis. Gastroenterology clinics of North America, 2020, Volume: 49, Issue:4 Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Contraindications, Drug; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressi	2020
Pancreatic Disorders in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Digestive diseases and sciences, 2022, Volume: 67, Issue:2 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Autoimmune Pancreatitis; Azathioprin	2022
Thiopurine Treatment in Ulcerative Colitis: A Critical Review of the Evidence for Current Clinical Practice. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2017, 12-19, Volume: 24, Issue:1 Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Practice Guidel	2017
Recommendations of the Spanish Working Group on Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (GETECCU) on the use of thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterologia y hepatologia, 2018, Volume: 41, Issue:3 Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurin	2018
Contemporary Management of Ulcerative Colitis. Current gastroenterology reports, 2018, Mar-27, Volume: 20, Issue:3 Topics: Azathioprine; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Drug Monitoring; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gastrointe	2018
[Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - Diagnosis and Therapy in Practice]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2018, Volume: 113, Issue:13 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Capsule Endoscopy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colonoscopy; Crohn Di	2018
Evolving Considerations for Thiopurine Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases-A Clinical Practice Update: Commentary. Gastroenterology, 2019, Volume: 156, Issue:1 Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Biological Products; Clinical Decision-Making; Colitis, Ulce	2019
Thiopurine Therapy in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Focus on Metabolism and Pharmacogenetics. Digestive diseases and sciences, 2019, Volume: 64, Issue:9 Topics: Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Dru	2019
Recent advances using immunomodulators for inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of clinical pharmacology, 2013, Volume: 53, Issue:6 Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine;	2013
Update on pregnancy and breastfeeding in the era of biologics. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver, 2013, Volume: 45, Issue:10 Topics: Adalimumab; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory	2013
Thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease revisited. World journal of gastroenterology, 2013, Mar-21, Volume: 19, Issue:11 Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Gastrointestinal A	2013
How long should we treat patients with azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine before deciding that it is refractory to immunomodulatory treatment? The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology, 2012, Volume: 23 Suppl 2 Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Drug Resistance; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunosuppres	2012
Can azathioprine 6-mercaptopurine treatment be withdrawn in patients with response in ulcerative colitis: what is the most appropriate time for this? The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology, 2012, Volume: 23 Suppl 2 Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Substance Withd	2012
[Treatment of chronic inflammatory bowel disease based on evidence and according to stage: top down]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2013, Volume: 138, Issue:36 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Biological Products; Colitis, Ulcerat	2013
Review article: the association between nodular regenerative hyperplasia, inflammatory bowel disease and thiopurine therapy. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2013, Volume: 38, Issue:9 Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Focal Nodular Hyperplasia; Humans; Immunos	2013
A trial of mercaptopurine is a safe strategy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease intolerant to azathioprine: an observational study, systematic review and meta-analysis. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2013, Volume: 38, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; I	2013
Treatment of ulcerative colitis. Current opinion in gastroenterology, 2014, Volume: 30, Issue:1 Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclosporine; Gastrointe	2014
[Role of thiopurine agents in ulcerative colitis]. Gastroenterologia y hepatologia, 2011, Volume: 34 Suppl 3 Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Disease Susceptibility;	2011
Thiopurine-induced pancreatitis in inflammatory bowel diseases. Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology, 2015, Volume: 9, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Gastrointestina	2015
Toxicity and response to thiopurines in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology, 2015, Volume: 9, Issue:7 Topics: Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Humans; Im	2015
Update on thiopurine pharmacogenetics in inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacogenomics, 2015, Volume: 16, Issue:8 Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug-Related Side Effects a	2015
New Applications for Traditional Drugs in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: What Do Cochrane Reviews Tell Us? Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2015, Volume: 21, Issue:12 Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Budesonide; Colitis, Ulcerative; Congresses as Topic; Crohn	2015
6-Mercaptopurine for Azathioprine Intolerant Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Literature Search and Reappraisal of Own Data. Inflammation & allergy drug targets, 2015, Volume: 14, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Substi	2015
Anti-TNF-A Therapy about Infliximab and Adalimamab for the Effectiveness in Ulcerative Colitis Compared with Conventional Therapy: A Meta-Analysis. Hepato-gastroenterology, 2015, Volume: 62, Issue:140 Topics: Adalimumab; Aminosalicylic Acids; Azathioprine; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Gastrointestinal Age	2015
Preoperative Use of Methotrexate and the Risk of Early Postoperative Complications in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2016, Volume: 22, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Dise	2016
Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2016, May-18, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative;	2016
Advances in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Adolescent medicine: state of the art reviews, 2016,Spring, Volume: 27, Issue:1 Topics: Adalimumab; Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Huma	2016
Treatment efficacy and safety of low-dose azathioprine in chronic active ulcerative colitis patients: A meta-analysis and systemic review. Journal of digestive diseases, 2016, Volume: 17, Issue:10 Topics: Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colonoscopy; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug	2016
Therapeutic drug monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease. Current opinion in pediatrics, 2016, Volume: 28, Issue:5 Topics: Adalimumab; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Child; Colitis, Ulcerati	2016
Inflammatory bowel disease in India - Past, present and future. World journal of gastroenterology, 2016, Sep-28, Volume: 22, Issue:36 Topics: Aminosalicylic Acid; Antitubercular Agents; Asia, Southeastern; Azathioprine; Biological Products; B	2016
Thiopurines and inflammatory bowel disease: Current evidence and a historical perspective. World journal of gastroenterology, 2016, Dec-14, Volume: 22, Issue:46 Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gastrointestinal Agents	2016
Laboratory evaluation of inflammatory bowel disease. Current opinion in pediatrics, 2008, Volume: 20, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Colit	2008
Are we giving azathioprine too late? The case for early immunomodulation in inflammatory bowel disease. World journal of gastroenterology, 2008, Sep-28, Volume: 14, Issue:36 Topics: Azathioprine; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Disease Progression; Drug Administratio	2008
Meta-analysis: the efficacy of azathioprine and mercaptopurine in ulcerative colitis. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2009, Jul-01, Volume: 30, Issue:2 Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Randomized Cont	2009
Immunosuppression in inflammatory bowel disease: traditional, biological or both? Current opinion in gastroenterology, 2009, Volume: 25, Issue:4 Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Biological Products; Colitis, Ulcerati	2009
[The problems of compliance and adherence, using the example of chronic inflammatory bowel disease]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2009, Volume: 134, Issue:27 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Gluc	2009
[For treatment decision the age to be taken into account. In Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis attention to be paid to the age at manifestation]. MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2009, May-07, Volume: 151, Issue:19 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroi	2009
Pancreatitis in inflammatory bowel diseases. Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 2010, Volume: 44, Issue:4 Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Dis	2010
A case of tracheobronchitis in ulcerative colitis: a review of literature. The clinical respiratory journal, 2009, Volume: 3, Issue:1 Topics: Azathioprine; Biopsy, Needle; Bronchitis; Bronchoscopy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Drug Therapy, Combinati	2009
Azathioprine-induced liver injury in a patient with multiple autoimmune syndrome. The Journal of dermatological treatment, 2010, Volume: 21, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Colitis, Ulcerativ	2010
Efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The American journal of gastroenterology, 2011, Volume: 106, Issue:4 Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; In	2011
Cost-effectiveness analysis of adjunct VSL#3 therapy versus standard medical therapy in pediatric ulcerative colitis. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2011, Volume: 53, Issue:5 Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Child; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Combined Modality Thera	2011
Current treatment of ulcerative colitis. World journal of gastroenterology, 2011, Jul-21, Volume: 17, Issue:27 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclosporine; En	2011
Results of the 2nd scientific workshop of the ECCO (III): basic mechanisms of intestinal healing. Journal of Crohn's & colitis, 2012, Volume: 6, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies,	2012
Dysplasia and colorectal cancer in a patient with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis: a case report and a short review of the literature. Journal of Crohn's & colitis, 2013, Volume: 7, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Cholangitis, S	2013
[Rational treatment of ulcerative colitis--local or systemic therapy? Surgery?]. MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2012, Jul-26, Volume: 154, Issue:13 Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Rectal; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Algorithms; Anti-Inflammatory	2012
Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2012, Sep-12, Issue:9 Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans;	2012
Update on idiopathic colitides. Current opinion in gastroenterology, 2013, Volume: 29, Issue:1 Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized;	2013
Methotrexate: underused and ignored? Digestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 2012, Volume: 30 Suppl 3 Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Humans; Methotrexate; Patient Preference; Treatmen	2012
Immunosuppressants and operation in ulcerative colitis. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 2002, Volume: 195, Issue:2 Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclosporine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; P	2002
[Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) -- critical discussion of etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapy]. Der Radiologe, 2003, Volume: 43, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Bude	2003
[Conservative therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases]. Orvosi hetilap, 2002, Dec-15, Volume: 143, Issue:50 Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Chro	2002
[Management of ulcerative colitis]. Therapeutische Umschau. Revue therapeutique, 2003, Volume: 60, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anemia; Anti-Inflammatory Agent	2003
Systemic cytomegalovirus infection complicating ulcerative colitis: a case report and review of the literature. Postgraduate medical journal, 2004, Volume: 80, Issue:942 Topics: Adult; Antiviral Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Ganciclovir;	2004
Ulcerative colitis: conservative management and long-term effects. Langenbeck's archives of surgery, 2004, Volume: 389, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies,	2004
Medical management of severe ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology clinics of North America, 2004, Volume: 33, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclosporine; Decision Trees; Drug Admin	2004
Diffuse febrile dermatosis in a patient with active ulcerative colitis under treatment with steroids and azathioprine: a case of Sweet's syndrome. Case report and review of literature. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver, 2004, Volume: 36, Issue:5 Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Middle A	2004
How effective are the usual treatments for ulcerative colitis? Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2004, Jul-15, Volume: 20, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminosalicylic Acids; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclosporine; Huma	2004
[A systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of azathioprine in patients with ulcerative colitis]. Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 2004, Volume: 124, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Confidence Intervals; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Randomized C	2004
Azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine in inflammatory bowel disease: pharmacology, efficacy, and safety. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2004, Volume: 2, Issue:9 Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercapto	2004
[Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2004, Oct-15, Volume: 129, Issue:42 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents;	2004
[Inflammatory bowel disease--diagnosis and therapy]. Praxis, 2005, Feb-02, Volume: 94, Issue:5 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ul	2005
[Immunosuppressants for therapy of patients with ulcerative colitis]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2005, Volume: 63, Issue:5 Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Guanine Nucleotides; Hum	2005
[Guidelines for treatment of ulcerative colitis in children]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2005, Volume: 63, Issue:5 Topics: Azathioprine; Child; Colitis, Ulcerative; Contraindications; Cyclosporins; Growth Disorders; Humans;	2005
[Azathioprine]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2005, Volume: 63 Suppl 5 Topics: Apoptosis; Azathioprine; CD28 Antigens; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combinatio	2005
[New therapies for inflammatory bowel disease]. Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai zasshi = The Japanese journal of gastro-enterology, 2005, Volume: 102, Issue:7 Topics: Adalimumab; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcera	2005
[A case of simple ulcer with ulcerative colitis]. Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai zasshi = The Japanese journal of gastro-enterology, 2005, Volume: 102, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Behcet Syndrome; Cecal Diseases; Colit	2005
The use of medications for inflammatory bowel disease during pregnancy and nursing. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2005, Volume: 6, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; B	2005
[Ulcerative colitis? Guidelines 2004]. Praxis, 2005, Oct-12, Volume: 94, Issue:41 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Algorithms; Aminosalicylic Aci	2005
Cyclosporine in the treatment of severe attack of ulcerative colitis: a systematic review. Gastroenterologia y hepatologia, 2005, Volume: 28, Issue:10 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulce	2005
Immunosuppressive drugs in ulcerative colitis: twisting facts to suit theories? Gut, 2006, Volume: 55, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporine; Evidence-Ba	2006
What's new: innovative concepts in inflammatory bowel disease. Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, 2006, Volume: 8 Suppl 1 Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative;	2006
Pharmacogenetics in inflammatory bowel disease. World journal of gastroenterology, 2006, Jun-21, Volume: 12, Issue:23 Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative;	2006
[Cytokine targetting therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases]. Nihon Naika Gakkai zasshi. The Journal of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine, 2006, Sep-10, Volume: 95, Issue:9 Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cytokines; Drug Therapy, C	2006
Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2007, Jan-24, Issue:1 Topics: Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Randomized Controlled Tr	2007
[Primary CNS lymphoma in azathioprine therapy for autoimmune diseases: review of the literature and case report]. Der Nervenarzt, 2007, Volume: 78, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Brain Neoplasms; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female; Humans; Immu	2007
[Medical therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases: ulcerative colitis]. Orvosi hetilap, 2007, Jun-24, Volume: 148, Issue:25 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies,	2007
New onset of atrial fibrillation after introduction of azathioprine in ulcerative colitis: case report and review of the literature. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2007, Volume: 63, Issue:9 Topics: Atrial Fibrillation; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Electrocardiography; Humans; Immunosuppressi	2007
Exposing the weaknesses: a systematic review of azathioprine efficacy in ulcerative colitis. Digestive diseases and sciences, 2008, Volume: 53, Issue:6 Topics: Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Mercaptopurine;	2008
Ulcerative colitis: diagnosis and treatment. American family physician, 2007, Nov-01, Volume: 76, Issue:9 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminosalicylic Acids; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Colectomy; Coli	2007
[Current status of treatment of inflammatory bowel disease]. Cirugia espanola, 2007, Volume: 82, Issue:5 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, H	2007
[Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance treatment in ulcerative colitis. A survey of a Cochrane review]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 2007, Dec-10, Volume: 169, Issue:50 Topics: Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Mercaptopurine;	2007
[Current medical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease]. Revista de gastroenterologia de Mexico, 2007, Volume: 72 Suppl 2 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agent	2007
Review article: evolving concepts in treatment and disease modification in ulcerative colitis. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2008, Volume: 27 Suppl 1 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Biological Therapy;	2008
Optimizing drug therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Current gastroenterology reports, 2007, Volume: 9, Issue:6 Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adalimumab; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal	2007
IBD in children: lessons for adults. Current gastroenterology reports, 2007, Volume: 9, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; An	2007
The immunology of inflammatory bowel disease. Henry Ford Hospital medical journal, 1982, Volume: 30, Issue:1 Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Complement System Proteins; Crohn Disease; Humans; Hypersensitivi	1982
Medical treatment of ulcerative colitis. Postgraduate medical journal, 1984, Volume: 60, Issue:709 Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aminosalicylic Acids; Az	1984
[Current views on the drug treatment of ulcerative colitis]. Polski tygodnik lekarski (Warsaw, Poland : 1960), 1982, Jun-28, Volume: 37, Issue:19-20 Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cromolyn Sodium; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Levamis	1982
Azathioprine. International journal of dermatology, 1981, Volume: 20, Issue:7 Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Behcet Syndrome; Bone Marrow; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Diseas	1981
Immunosuppressive therapy of inflammatory bowel disease: a historical perspective. The Gastroenterologist, 1995, Volume: 3, Issue:2 Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporine; Female; History, 20th Century; Human	1995
[Cryptogenetic inflammatory diseases of the intestine and pregnancy. Reality and prejudices]. La Revue du praticien, 1993, Jun-01, Volume: 43, Issue:11 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Postopera	1993
[Current medical treatment of hemorrhagic rectocolitis]. Gastroenterologie clinique et biologique, 1994, Volume: 18, Issue:2 Pt 3 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerat	1994
Medical management of patients with difficult-to-treat inflammatory bowel disease. The Netherlands journal of medicine, 1994, Volume: 45, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine	1994
Newer treatments for inflammatory bowel disease. Primary care, 1996, Volume: 23, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerat	1996
Immunosuppressive treatment for refractory ulcerative colitis--where do we stand and where are we going? European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 1997, Volume: 9, Issue:9 Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclosporine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Interleukin-10; M	1997
Drug therapy for ulcerative colitis during pregnancy. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 1997, Volume: 9, Issue:9 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antidiarrheals; Azathioprine; Breast Feeding; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclospo	1997
Management of severe colitis/ileocolitis. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 1998, Volume: 4, Issue:3 Topics: Azathioprine; Child; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Combined Modality Therapy; Cyclosporine; Humans	1998
New strategies in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. Acta clinica Belgica, 1999, Volume: 54, Issue:5 Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprin	1999
[Immunosuppressive treatment of ulcerative colitis]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 1999, Volume: 57, Issue:11 Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclosporine; Cytokines; Depression, Chemical; Humans; Immunosupp	1999
[Recent progress in therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases]. Nihon Naika Gakkai zasshi. The Journal of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine, 1999, Sep-10, Volume: 88, Issue:9 Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative	1999
[Histopathologic diagnosis of the activity of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Evaluation of the effect of drug treatment. Use of histological scores]. Gastroenterologie clinique et biologique, 1999, Volume: 23, Issue:10 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Colitis, Ulc	1999
[Azathioprine in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. Evidence base]. Medizinische Klinik (Munich, Germany : 1983), 2000, Apr-15, Volume: 95, Issue:4 Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Evidence-Based Medicine;	2000
Clinical pharmacology of inflammatory bowel disease therapies. Current gastroenterology reports, 2000, Volume: 2, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Colitis,	2000
Medical therapies for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Current gastroenterology reports, 2000, Volume: 2, Issue:6 Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Aminosalicylic Acids; Antimetabolites; Appendectomy; Azathioprine; Colitis,	2000
[Guidelines of the DGVS. Chronic active course. German Society of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases]. Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie, 2001, Volume: 39, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Child; Chronic Disease; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerativ	2001
[Therapeutic principles for chronic inflammatory bowel disease]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 2001, Jan-01, Volume: 163, Issue:1 Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Colectomy; Colitis; C	2001
Maintenance drugs for inflammatory bowel disease. Drug and therapeutics bulletin, 2001, Volume: 39, Issue:12 Topics: Aminosalicylic Acids; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Gast	2001
Review article: Immunosuppressants in distal ulcerative colitis. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2002, Volume: 16, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclosporine; Databases, Factual; Female; Humans; Im	2002
Review article: maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2002, Volume: 16 Suppl 4 Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Rectal; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine;	2002
The management of ulcerative colitis. The Practitioner, 1976, Volume: 216, Issue:1296 Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cromolyn Sodium; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Prednisolone; Recurrence	1976
Drug treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Clinics in gastroenterology, 1979, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antidiarrheals; Azathio	1979
The protean manifestations of Crohn's disease. Postgraduate medicine, 1975, Volume: 57, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Arthritis; Azathioprine; Child; Colectomy; Colitis,	1975
Inflammatory disease of the colon: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's colitis. The Journal of pediatrics, 1975, Volume: 86, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Anus Diseases; Arthritis; Azathioprine; Child, Preschool; Colectomy;	1975
Immunotherapy in inflammatory bowel disease. The Medical clinics of North America, 1978, Volume: 62, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Alkylating Agents; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, U	1978
[Immunodepressants in the treatment of Crohn's disease and non-specific ulcerative colitis]. Klinicheskaia meditsina, 1976, Volume: 54, Issue:3 Topics: Alkylating Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Folic Acid Antagonists; Humans;	1976
[Drug therapy of chronic inflammatory bowel disease--reliable standards and new developments]. Leber, Magen, Darm, 1992, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminosalicylic Acids; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Hum	1992
[Therapeutic alternatives in Crohn disease and in ulcero-hemorrhagic rectocolitis: current findings]. Revue medicale de Liege, 1992, Volume: 47, Issue:11 Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporine; Humans; Merca	1992
[Conservative therapy of ulcerative colitis--long-term experience]. Der Internist, 1991, Volume: 32, Issue:9 Topics: Aminosalicylic Acids; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive	1991
[Azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, and inflammatory diseases of the intestine]. Gastroenterologie clinique et biologique, 1990, Volume: 14, Issue:3 Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Humans; Mercaptopurine;	1990
6-Mercaptopurine and other immunosuppressive agents in the treatment of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology clinics of North America, 1989, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine	1989
Management of medical problems in pregnancy--inflammatory bowel disease. The New England journal of medicine, 1985, Jun-20, Volume: 312, Issue:25 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Delivery, Obstetric; Fema	1985
Current status of drug therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Comprehensive therapy, 1985, Volume: 11, Issue:12 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Administration Sched	1985
Inflammatory bowel disease in pregnancy: a review. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1986, Volume: 79, Issue:4 Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Fe	1986
Medical treatment of ulcerative colitis: scoring the advances. Gut, 1988, Volume: 29, Issue:10 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Salicylates	1988
Immunosuppressant therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacologic and clinical aspects. Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 1987, Volume: 9, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Male; Mer	1987
[Treatment of ulcerative colitis]. Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja, 1974, Volume: 90, Issue:4 Topics: Azathioprine; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Diet Therapy; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Sulfasalazine	1974
Inflammatory bowel disease. Disease-a-month : DM, 1974 Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease	1974
[Auto-immune diseases and immunodepressive therapy. II. Current clinical indications]. Acta clinica Belgica, 1974, Volume: 29, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Antineoplastic Agents; Arteritis; Autoimmune	1974
[What is secured in the therapy of chronic inflammatory colonic diseases?]. Der Internist, 1974, Volume: 15, Issue:12 Topics: Administration, Topical; Amebiasis; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Colitis; Colitis, Ulcerative; Col	1974
Cytotoxic drugs in treatment of nonmalignant diseases. Annals of internal medicine, 1972, Volume: 76, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Chlor	1972
[Long-term therapy of immunologic diseases with special reference to the use of immunosuppressive agents]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1969, Nov-21, Volume: 94, Issue:47 Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Alkylating Agents; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Anti-Bacterial Agents	1969
Clinical progress in Crohn's disease. The Medical journal of Australia, 1974, Feb-23, Volume: 1, Issue:8 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Az	1974
Immunosuppressive therapy. 1. The New England journal of medicine, 1972, Aug-03, Volume: 287, Issue:5 Topics: Alkylating Agents; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Antibodies; Antimetabolites; Arthritis, Rheumatoid	1972
Advances in medicine. The Practitioner, 1972, Volume: 209, Issue:252 Topics: Anemia, Macrocytic; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Anticoagulants; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced	1972
Advances in gastroenterology. The Practitioner, 1972, Volume: 209, Issue:252 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Colitis, Ulcerative; Diet; Disaccharides; Du	1972
Crohn's disease, with special reference to surgical management. Progress in surgery, 1972, Volume: 10 Topics: Abdomen; Anus Diseases; Azathioprine; Barium Sulfate; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Diagnosis,	1972
[Ulcerative colitis]. Naika. Internal medicine, 1971, Volume: 28, Issue:6 Topics: Aminocaproates; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; M	1971
Gastrointestinal: An unusual rectal finding in a patient with ulcerative colitis. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2020, Volume: 35, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Colitis, Ulcerative; Endoscopy; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imag	2020
Thiopurine immunomodulators in ulcerative colitis: moving forward with current evidence. Current drug targets, 2011, Volume: 12, Issue:10 Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Immunosuppressi	2011
Drug therapy for ulcerative colitis. World journal of gastroenterology, 2004, Aug-15, Volume: 10, Issue:16 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Colitis, Ulcera	2004
Medical therapy for ulcerative colitis: the state of the art and beyond. Current gastroenterology reports, 2004, Volume: 6, Issue:6 Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Butyrate	2004
[Ulcerative colitis]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2007, Oct-28, Volume: 65 Suppl 8 Topics: Anti-Allergic Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Colitis, Ulcerative; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans;	2007

Article	Year
Addition of Granulocyte/Monocyte Apheresis to Oral Prednisone for Steroid-dependent Ulcerative Colitis: A Randomized Multicentre Clinical Trial. Journal of Crohn's & colitis, 2018, May-25, Volume: 12, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azat	2018
Subcutaneous golimumab induces clinical response and remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology, 2014, Volume: 146, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclon	2014
Subcutaneous golimumab induces clinical response and remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology, 2014, Volume: 146, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclon	2014
Subcutaneous golimumab induces clinical response and remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology, 2014, Volume: 146, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclon	2014
Subcutaneous golimumab induces clinical response and remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology, 2014, Volume: 146, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclon	2014
Subcutaneous golimumab induces clinical response and remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology, 2014, Volume: 146, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclon	2014
Subcutaneous golimumab induces clinical response and remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology, 2014, Volume: 146, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclon	2014
Subcutaneous golimumab induces clinical response and remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology, 2014, Volume: 146, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclon	2014
Subcutaneous golimumab induces clinical response and remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology, 2014, Volume: 146, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclon	2014
Subcutaneous golimumab induces clinical response and remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology, 2014, Volume: 146, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclon	2014
Combination therapy with infliximab and azathioprine is superior to monotherapy with either agent in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology, 2014, Volume: 146, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Mon	2014
Combination therapy with infliximab and azathioprine is superior to monotherapy with either agent in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology, 2014, Volume: 146, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Mon	2014
Combination therapy with infliximab and azathioprine is superior to monotherapy with either agent in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology, 2014, Volume: 146, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Mon	2014
Combination therapy with infliximab and azathioprine is superior to monotherapy with either agent in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology, 2014, Volume: 146, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Mon	2014
Long-term efficacy and safety of azathioprine in ulcerative colitis. Journal of Crohn's & colitis, 2015, Volume: 9, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agent	2015
Identification of Patients With Variants in TPMT and Dose Reduction Reduces Hematologic Events During Thiopurine Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterology, 2015, Volume: 149, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Dosage Calcu	2015
[Long-term adalimumab therapy in ulcerative colitis in clinical practice: result of the Hungarian multicenter prospective study]. Orvosi hetilap, 2016, May-01, Volume: 157, Issue:18 Topics: Adalimumab; Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Chil	2016
Genes implicated in thiopurine-induced toxicity: Comparing TPMT enzyme activity with clinical phenotype and exome data in a paediatric IBD cohort. Scientific reports, 2016, 10-05, Volume: 6 Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Exome; Female	2016
Traditional Chinese medicine combination therapy for patients with steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 2017, 01-10, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Protocols; Colitis, Ulcerative; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Medicine, Chin	2017
Tripeptide K(D)PT Is Well Tolerated in Mild-to-moderate Ulcerative Colitis: Results from a Randomized Multicenter Study. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2017, Volume: 23, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Aminosalicylic Acids; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Doubl	2017
Monitoring 6-thioguanine nucleotide concentrations in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2008, Volume: 23, Issue:9 Topics: Administration, Oral; Azathioprine; Biomarkers, Pharmacological; Chromatography, High Pressure Liqui	2008
Early onset steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis is a predictor of azathioprine response: a longitudinal 12-month follow-up study. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 2010, Volume: 16, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Age of Onset; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Demogra	2010
Immunosuppressive effects via human intestinal dendritic cells of probiotic bacteria and steroids in the treatment of acute ulcerative colitis. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2010, Volume: 16, Issue:8 Topics: Acute Disease; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; B7-2 Antigen; CD40 Antigens; Coli	2010
Treatment of relapsing mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis with the probiotic VSL#3 as adjunctive to a standard pharmaceutical treatment: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. The American journal of gastroenterology, 2010, Volume: 105, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bifidobacterium; Colitis, Ulcerative; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind M	2010
Antibiotic combination therapy for steroid withdrawal in steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis. Digestion, 2011, Volume: 83, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Drug	2011
Tacrolimus therapy as an alternative to thiopurines for maintaining remission in patients with refractory ulcerative colitis. Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 2011, Volume: 45, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents	2011
[Allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells in patients with ulcerative colitis: two years of observation]. Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia gastroenterologiia = Experimental & clinical gastroenterology, 2010, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative;	2010
Safety and effectiveness of long-term allopurinol-thiopurine maintenance treatment in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Administratio	2013
Efficacy, safety and tolerability of vidofludimus in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: the ENTRANCE study. Journal of Crohn's & colitis, 2013, Volume: 7, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Biphenyl Compounds; Blood Sedimentation; C-Reac	2013
Azathioprine or methotrexate in the treatment of patients with steroid-dependent or steroid-resistant ulcerative colitis: results of an open-label study on efficacy and tolerability in inducing and maintaining remission. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2002, Volume: 16, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Drug Administration Schedu	2002
Low-dose azathioprine is effective and safe for maintenance of remission in patients with ulcerative colitis. Journal of gastroenterology, 2003, Volume: 38, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow Diseases; Colitis, Ulcerative; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fe	2003
Combination immunomodulatory therapy with cyclosporine and azathioprine in corticosteroid-resistant severe ulcerative colitis: the Edinburgh experience of outcome. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver, 2003, Volume: 35, Issue:8 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclosporine;	2003
A prospective randomized observer-blind 2-year trial of azathioprine monotherapy versus azathioprine and olsalazine for the maintenance of remission of steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis. The American journal of gastroenterology, 2004, Volume: 99, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aminosalicylic Acids; Analysis of Variance; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Dose-Response	2004
Efficacy of intravenous cyclosporin in moderately severe ulcerative colitis refractory to steroids. Gastroenterologie clinique et biologique, 2005, Volume: 29, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclosporine; Drug Resis	2005
Randomised controlled trial of azathioprine and 5-aminosalicylic acid for treatment of steroid dependent ulcerative colitis. Gut, 2006, Volume: 55, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative;	2006
A prospective, open-label trial of 6-thioguanine in patients with ulcerative or indeterminate colitis. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology, 2005, Volume: 40, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Colitis, Ulcera	2005
The leukocyte count predicts the efficacy of treatment with azathioprine in inflammatory bowel disease. European journal of medical research, 2005, Dec-07, Volume: 10, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Granulocytes; Humans; Immunosuppres	2005
Pulse cyclophosphamide therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. World journal of gastroenterology, 2006, Feb-28, Volume: 12, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Imm	2006
Steroid dependent ulcerative colitis: azathioprine use is finally "evidence-based". Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2006, Volume: 12, Issue:9 Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Mesalamine; Sing	2006
Leukocytapheresis in patients with moderate-severe steroid-dependant ulcerative colitis: clinical response without endoscopic response. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2006, Volume: 12, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclon	2006
[Current status of drug therapy of chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases]. Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie, 1983, Volume: 21, Issue:7 Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cromolyn Sodium; Double-Blind Method; D	1983
Controlled trial of azathioprine in chronic ulcerative colitis. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 1982, May-01, Volume: 284, Issue:6325 Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Ma	1982
Purine analogues and ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology, 1993, Volume: 104, Issue:1 Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Remiss	1993
Combined use of cyclosporine and azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 1996, Volume: 22, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporine;	1996
Mycophenolate mofetil versus azathioprine in patients with chronic active ulcerative colitis: a 12-month pilot study. The American journal of gastroenterology, 2000, Volume: 95, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Colitis, Ulcerative; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female;	2000
Oral tacrolimus treatment of severe colitis in children. The Journal of pediatrics, 2000, Volume: 137, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug T	2000
Intravenous azathioprine in severe ulcerative colitis: a pilot study. The American journal of gastroenterology, 2000, Volume: 95, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infusions, Intra	2000
The beneficial effect of azathioprine on maintenance of remission in severe ulcerative colitis. Journal of gastroenterology, 2002, Volume: 37, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Double-Blind Meth	2002
Drug treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Clinics in gastroenterology, 1979, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antidiarrheals; Azathio	1979
Immunotherapy in inflammatory bowel disease. The Medical clinics of North America, 1978, Volume: 62, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Alkylating Agents; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, U	1978
Immunosuppression in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. II. The effects of azathioprine on lymphoid cell populations in a double blind trial in ulcerative colitis. Clinical and experimental immunology, 1976, Volume: 24, Issue:2 Topics: Antibody-Producing Cells; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cytotoxicity	1976
A controlled trial of azathioprine in the management of chronic ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology, 1975, Volume: 69, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulcerat	1975
Randomised controlled trial of azathioprine withdrawal in ulcerative colitis. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 1992, Jul-04, Volume: 305, Issue:6844 Topics: Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Colitis, Ulcerative; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Long-Term Care; Rec	1992
[Azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, and inflammatory diseases of the intestine]. Gastroenterologie clinique et biologique, 1990, Volume: 14, Issue:3 Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Humans; Mercaptopurine;	1990
Azathioprine and the treatment of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. The Journal of pediatrics, 1990, Volume: 117, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Double-Blind Method; Hum	1990
[Drug therapy of chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases--current status of 5-aminosalicylic acid]. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 1986, Nov-21, Volume: 98, Issue:22 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminosalicylic Acids; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulce	1986
[Basis of the immunosuppressive therapy of ulcerative colitis in childhood]. Monatsschrift fur Kinderheilkunde, 1972, Volume: 120, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulcerat	1972
Azathioprine in ulcerative colitis: final report on controlled therapeutic trial. British medical journal, 1974, Dec-14, Volume: 4, Issue:5945 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Diarrhea; Erythema; Female; Humans;	1974
Azathioprine in ulcerative colitis: an interim report on a controlled therapeutic trial. British medical journal, 1972, Mar-18, Volume: 1, Issue:5802 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, U	1972
Azathioprine in ulcerative colitis. Gut, 1972, Volume: 13, Issue:4 Topics: Acute Disease; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Sigmoidoscopy	1972
Immunosuppressive therapy. 1. The New England journal of medicine, 1972, Aug-03, Volume: 287, Issue:5 Topics: Alkylating Agents; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Antibodies; Antimetabolites; Arthritis, Rheumatoid	1972
Proceedings: Immunosuppressive consequences of the treatment of ulcerative colitis with azathioprine. Gut, 1974, Volume: 15, Issue:10 Topics: Azathioprine; B-Lymphocytes; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cytotoxicity Tests, Immu	1974

azathioprine and Colitis Gravis