azathioprine has been researched along with Cholestasis in 53 studies
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.
Cholestasis: Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "Azathioprine treatment benefited 19 (66%) out of 29 patients suffering from severe psoriasis." | 7.65 | Treatment of psoriasis with azathioprine. ( Du Vivier, A; Munro, DD; Verbov, J, 1974) |
| "Azathioprine is an immunosuppressive medication used in the management of many autoimmune conditions." | 6.50 | Azathioprine-induced hepatitis and cholestasis occurring 1 year after treatment. ( Alam, S; Black, M; Chertoff, J; Elgendy, IY, 2014) |
| "Azathioprine (AZA) is an immunosuppressive drug that is widely used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases." | 5.51 | Severe cholestasis due to azathioprine in Behcet's disease. ( Gisi, K; Ispiroglu, M; Kantarceken, B; Sayar, H, 2019) |
| "MODE OF ACTION OF URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID: In cholestasis, the impaired biliary secretion of toxic bile acids causes their accumulation in the liver and a subsequent hepatic failure." | 4.81 | [Treatment of cholestatic liver diseases]. ( Gatzen, M; Pausch, J, 2002) |
| " The variety of acute hepatitis include hepatitis A, hepatitis B, cytomegalovirus hepatitis, herpes simplex hepatitis and azathioprine hepatitis." | 4.75 | Liver disease in renal transplant recipients. ( Anuras, S; Sopko, J, 1978) |
| " Acute cholestasis is one of the most common forms of hepatotoxicity induced by azathioprine." | 4.12 | Severe azathioprine-induced liver injury 22 months after initiation of treatment. ( Battezzati, PM; Cataletti, G; Pastorelli, L; Santagata, F, 2022) |
| "Serum squalene levels did not change in patients with acute hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, but were significantly reduced in patients with intra- and extrahepatic cholestasis." | 3.66 | Serum squalene levels in hepatobiliary diseases. ( Hirayama, C; Ikawa, S; Yamanishi, Y, 1978) |
| "Severe cholestatic jaundice occurred in two patients receiving prednisolone and azathioprine, one for chronic progressive hepatitis, the other for Wegener's granulomatosis." | 3.65 | [Cholestatic jaundice after azathioprine treatment (author's transl)]. ( Freise, J; May, B; Schmidt, E, 1976) |
| "Azathioprine treatment benefited 19 (66%) out of 29 patients suffering from severe psoriasis." | 3.65 | Treatment of psoriasis with azathioprine. ( Du Vivier, A; Munro, DD; Verbov, J, 1974) |
| "Azathioprine is an immunosuppressive medication used in the management of many autoimmune conditions." | 2.50 | Azathioprine-induced hepatitis and cholestasis occurring 1 year after treatment. ( Alam, S; Black, M; Chertoff, J; Elgendy, IY, 2014) |
| "Azathioprine (AZA) is an immunosuppressive drug that is widely used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases." | 1.51 | Severe cholestasis due to azathioprine in Behcet's disease. ( Gisi, K; Ispiroglu, M; Kantarceken, B; Sayar, H, 2019) |
| "After exclusion of pancreatic cancer and other common causes of acute pancreatitis, the diagnosis of AIP was suspected." | 1.48 | Autoimmune Pancreatitis and Ulcerative Rectocolitis in an Adolescent. ( Aziz, K; Breton, E; Chailloux, P; Cousin, E; Cousin, I, 2018) |
| "Cholestatic hepatitis and diffuse liver fibrosis have been described in immunosuppressed patients with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus infection as fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis (FCH)." | 1.31 | Fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis-like syndrome in hepatitis B virus-negative and hepatitis C virus-negative renal transplant recipients. ( Andrés, A; Benito, A; Colina, F; Domínguez-Gil, B; Morales, JM; Muñoz de Bustillo, E; Muñoz, MA; Rodicio, JL, 2001) |
| "Primary biliary cirrhosis is characterized by chronic inflammation and necrosis of the intrahepatic bile ducts and by chronic cholestasis." | 1.27 | NIH conference: Primary biliary cirrhosis: a model autoimmune disease. ( Hoofnagle, JH; James, SP; Jones, EA; Strober, W, 1983) |
| "A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus developed jaundice and biochemical evidence of hepatic dysfunction 3 wk after initiation of azathioprine therapy." | 1.27 | Azathioprine and the liver. Evidence favoring idiosyncratic, mixed cholestatic-hepatocellular injury in humans. ( DePinho, RA; Goldberg, CS; Lefkowitch, JH, 1984) |
| "Azathioprine was stopped and the hepatic situation normalized within 5 months." | 1.26 | [Cholestasis after renal transplantation and immune-suppressive therapy (author's transl)]. ( Altrichter, H; Balcke, P; Kopsa, H; Schmidt, P; Türk, H; Zazgornik, J, 1979) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 36 (67.92) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 4 (7.55) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 3 (5.66) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 7 (13.21) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 3 (5.66) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Dawson, S | 1 |
| Stahl, S | 1 |
| Paul, N | 1 |
| Barber, J | 1 |
| Kenna, JG | 1 |
| Cataletti, G | 1 |
| Santagata, F | 1 |
| Pastorelli, L | 1 |
| Battezzati, PM | 1 |
| Lauterbach, R | 1 |
| Linder, R | 1 |
| Vitner, D | 1 |
| Solt, I | 1 |
| Gunay, E | 1 |
| Kaya, S | 1 |
| Kavak, S | 1 |
| Ocal, E | 1 |
| Tunc, N | 1 |
| Siramolpiwat, S | 1 |
| Sakonlaya, D | 1 |
| Cousin, E | 1 |
| Cousin, I | 1 |
| Aziz, K | 1 |
| Chailloux, P | 1 |
| Breton, E | 1 |
| Gisi, K | 1 |
| Ispiroglu, M | 1 |
| Kantarceken, B | 1 |
| Sayar, H | 1 |
| Chertoff, J | 1 |
| Alam, S | 1 |
| Black, M | 1 |
| Elgendy, IY | 1 |
| Björnsson, ES | 1 |
| Gu, J | 1 |
| Kleiner, DE | 1 |
| Chalasani, N | 1 |
| Hayashi, PH | 1 |
| Hoofnagle, JH | 2 |
| Savoia, F | 2 |
| Casadio, C | 1 |
| Tabanelli, M | 2 |
| Gaddoni, G | 1 |
| Patrizi, A | 1 |
| Spadola, G | 2 |
| Lanzanova, G | 1 |
| Zago, S | 1 |
| Maio, V | 1 |
| Giacomoni, P | 1 |
| Royston, P | 1 |
| Altman, DG | 1 |
| Sauerbrei, W | 1 |
| James, SP | 1 |
| Strober, W | 1 |
| Jones, EA | 1 |
| DePinho, RA | 1 |
| Goldberg, CS | 1 |
| Lefkowitch, JH | 1 |
| Davis, M | 1 |
| Eddleston, AL | 4 |
| Williams, R | 4 |
| Bommelaer, G | 1 |
| Lapuelle, J | 1 |
| Rumeau, JL | 1 |
| Ribet, A | 1 |
| Morales, JM | 2 |
| Perrillo, RP | 1 |
| Mason, AL | 1 |
| Jacob, S | 1 |
| Gerber, MA | 1 |
| Roland, S | 1 |
| Delwaide, J | 1 |
| Cornet, G | 1 |
| Mahieu, P | 1 |
| Jacquet, N | 1 |
| Belaiche, J | 1 |
| Muñoz de Bustillo, E | 1 |
| Benito, A | 1 |
| Colina, F | 1 |
| Andrés, A | 1 |
| Domínguez-Gil, B | 1 |
| Muñoz, MA | 1 |
| Rodicio, JL | 1 |
| Gatzen, M | 1 |
| Pausch, J | 1 |
| Sopko, J | 1 |
| Anuras, S | 1 |
| Knoblauch, M | 2 |
| Schmidt, P | 1 |
| Balcke, P | 1 |
| Zazgornik, J | 1 |
| Kopsa, H | 1 |
| Altrichter, H | 1 |
| Türk, H | 1 |
| Yamanishi, Y | 1 |
| Ikawa, S | 1 |
| Hirayama, C | 1 |
| Haas, J | 1 |
| Patzold, U | 1 |
| Stamm, T | 1 |
| Cello, JP | 1 |
| Freise, J | 1 |
| May, B | 2 |
| Schmidt, E | 2 |
| Freyse, HJ | 1 |
| Baiker, H | 1 |
| Lämmli, J | 1 |
| Funk, C | 1 |
| Kaplan, MM | 1 |
| Ramalho, HJ | 1 |
| Terra, EG | 1 |
| Cartapatti, E | 1 |
| Barberato, JB | 1 |
| Alves, VA | 1 |
| Gayotto, LC | 1 |
| Abbud-Filho, M | 1 |
| Lemarchand, P | 1 |
| Desrumeaux, B | 1 |
| Bercoff, E | 1 |
| Manchon, ND | 1 |
| Chassagne, P | 1 |
| Deshayes, P | 1 |
| Hémet, J | 1 |
| Bourreille, J | 1 |
| Aronsen, KF | 1 |
| Husberg, B | 1 |
| Hägerstrand, I | 1 |
| Nordén, JG | 1 |
| Pihl, B | 1 |
| Götzel, L | 1 |
| Mitchell, CG | 2 |
| Smith, MG | 3 |
| Pagaltsos, AP | 1 |
| Maldonado, JE | 1 |
| Kyle, RA | 1 |
| Schoenfield, LJ | 2 |
| Magyar, I | 1 |
| Fung, WP | 1 |
| Rosenoer, VM | 1 |
| Gokim, G | 1 |
| Torisu, M | 1 |
| Yokoyama, T | 1 |
| Kohler, PF | 1 |
| Durst, AL | 1 |
| Martineau, G | 1 |
| Schroter, G | 1 |
| Amemiya, H | 1 |
| Groth, CG | 2 |
| Starzl, TE | 2 |
| Renger, F | 1 |
| Dökert, B | 1 |
| Munro, DD | 2 |
| Du Vivier, A | 1 |
| Verbov, J | 1 |
| Brown, DW | 1 |
| Cleaveland, JD | 1 |
| Cordes, DJ | 1 |
| Brettschneider, L | 1 |
| Kestens, PJ | 1 |
| Otte, JB | 1 |
| Alexandre, GP | 1 |
| Lambotte, L | 1 |
| Loubeau, JM | 1 |
| Orban, JC | 1 |
| Haxhe, JJ | 1 |
| Maldague, P | 1 |
| Morelle, J | 1 |
| Haas, P | 1 |
| Leibetseder, F | 1 |
| Thurner, J | 1 |
| Schäfer, KH | 2 |
| Bläker, F | 2 |
| Mistilis, SP | 1 |
| Geall, MG | 1 |
| Summerskill, WH | 1 |
6 reviews available for azathioprine and Cholestasis
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Azathioprine-induced hepatitis and cholestasis occurring 1 year after treatment.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Azathioprine; Biopsy, Needle; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cholesta | 2014 |
[Treatment of cholestatic liver diseases].
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Bile; Child; Cholagogues and Choleretics | 2002 |
Liver disease in renal transplant recipients.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Budd-Chiari Syndrome; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cholestasis; Ch | 1978 |
[Drug induced liver disease (author's transl)].
Topics: Azathioprine; Bile Acids and Salts; Bilirubin; Biotransformation; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver In | 1978 |
Medical approaches to primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antipruritics; Azathioprine; Cholangitis, Sclerosing | 1991 |
Management of patients with chronic obstructive jaundice.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Bile Acids and Salts; Cholestasis; Chronic Disease; Diet Ther | 1972 |
1 trial available for azathioprine and Cholestasis
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Classification and treatment of chronic active liver disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cholestasis; Chronic Disease; Female; Hepatitis; Humans; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver | 1968 |
46 other studies available for azathioprine and Cholestasis
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
In vitro inhibition of the bile salt export pump correlates with risk of cholestatic drug-induced liver injury in humans.
Topics: Animals; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters | 2012 |
Severe azathioprine-induced liver injury 22 months after initiation of treatment.
Topics: Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chroni | 2022 |
Azathioprine-induced cholestasis of pregnancy-A new insight on azathioprine safety in pregnancy.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bile Acids and Salts; Cholestasis; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunosuppres | 2020 |
Successful treatment of azathioprine-related cholestasis in a pregnant woman who received a kidney transplant.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cholestasis; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; | 2022 |
Clinical and histologic features of Azathioprine-induced hepatotoxicity.
Topics: Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Azathioprine; Bilirubin; Chemical and Drug Induce | 2017 |
Autoimmune Pancreatitis and Ulcerative Rectocolitis in an Adolescent.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Chola | 2018 |
Severe cholestasis due to azathioprine in Behcet's disease.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Behcet Syndrome; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cholestasis; Humans; I | 2019 |
Azathioprine and 6-Mercaptopurine-induced Liver Injury: Clinical Features and Outcomes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Azathioprine; Bilirubin; Chemic | 2017 |
Prurigo nodularis as the first manifestation of a chronic autoimmune cholestatic hepatitis.
Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Antibodies, Antinuclear; Azathioprine; Cholestasis; Cyclosporine; Dermatologic | 2011 |
Dichotomizing continuous predictors in multiple regression: a bad idea.
Topics: Age Factors; Albumins; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Bilirubin; Cholestasis; Data Interpretation, S | 2006 |
NIH conference: Primary biliary cirrhosis: a model autoimmune disease.
Topics: Antibody Formation; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Cholestasis; Humans | 1983 |
Azathioprine and the liver. Evidence favoring idiosyncratic, mixed cholestatic-hepatocellular injury in humans.
Topics: Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Azathioprine; Bilirubin; Cholestasis; Humans; Liver Function Tests; Lup | 1984 |
Hypersensitivity and jaundice due to azathioprine.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cholestasis; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Hepatitis; Humans; Middle Aged | 1980 |
[Hypersensitivity reactions and cholestasis. Possible effect of azathioprine].
Topics: Azathioprine; Cholestasis; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Middle Aged | 1980 |
Drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cholestasis; Cyclosporine; Humans | 1996 |
Hepatitis and cholestasis in a middle-aged woman.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cholestasis; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hepatitis; Humans; Prednisone; | 1996 |
[Clinical case of the month. Hepatoportal sclerosis in a patient treated with azathioprine].
Topics: Adult; Ascites; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cholestasis; Diagnosis, Differ | 1998 |
Fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis-like syndrome in hepatitis B virus-negative and hepatitis C virus-negative renal transplant recipients.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cholestasis; Fatal Outcome; Hepatitis; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Immunosu | 2001 |
[Cholestasis after renal transplantation and immune-suppressive therapy (author's transl)].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cholestasis; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Enzymes; Female; Hepatitis B; Humans; Immun | 1979 |
Serum squalene levels in hepatobiliary diseases.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Azathioprine; Biliary Tract Diseases; Cholestasis; Cholesterol; Cholestyramine | 1978 |
[Intrahepatic cholestasis, an allergic reaction in azathioprine therapy?].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cholestasis; Drug Hypersensitivity; Humans; Male; Multiple Sclerosis | 1978 |
Cholestasis in ulcerative colitis. Long term complications and medical therapy.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azathioprine; Bacterial Infections; Bile Acids and Salts; Cholangitis; Cholel | 1977 |
[Cholestatic jaundice after azathioprine treatment (author's transl)].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cholestasis; Female; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis; Hepatitis; Humans; Male; | 1976 |
[Azathioprine-induced icterus].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cholestasis; Female; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis; Hepatitis; Humans; Male | 1976 |
[Cholestatic hepatosis during azathioprine therapy].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cholestasis; Female; Humans; Quadriplegia | 1976 |
[Drug-induced liver diseases].
Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Alcoholism; Azathioprine; Bilirubin; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; C | 1975 |
Hepatotoxicity of azathioprine in renal transplant recipients.
Topics: Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Azathioprine; Biliru | 1989 |
[Cholestasis and sinusoidal dilatation following treatment with azathioprine].
Topics: Azathioprine; Cholestasis; Dilatation, Pathologic; Female; Humans; Liver; Middle Aged | 1986 |
Enzyme histochemical studies of the liver during immunosuppressive treatment in dogs.
Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Antilymphocyte Serum; Az | 1970 |
[Complications of immunosuppressive therapy using cytostatics in autoaggression diseases with special reference to cholestatic hepatosis].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; | 1973 |
Serum immunosuppressive activity due to azathioprine and its relation to hepatic function after liver transplantation.
Topics: Adult; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Biliary Tract; Child, Preschool; Cholestasis; Humans; Immu | 1970 |
Total haemolytic complement after liver transplantation and in liver disease.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Azathioprine; Bilirubin; Carcinoma, Hepatocellula | 1972 |
Increased serum conjugated bilirubin in hemolytic anemia.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Azathioprine; Cholelithiasis; Cho | 1974 |
[Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cholestasis; Cholestyramine Resin; Chronic Disease; Histamine H1 Antagonists; H | 1969 |
Clinical use of corticosteroid and immunosuppressive drugs in liver disease.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azathioprine; Biliary Tract Diseases; Chemical and D | 1974 |
Serum complement after orthotopic transplantation of the human liver.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Cholestasis; Chronic Disease; Complement System Proteins; Graft Rej | 1972 |
[Long-term therapy of liver diseases].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Cholestasis; Cholestyramine Resin; Chronic Disease; Cyclophosphamid | 1973 |
Azathioprine in psoriasis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Cholestasis; Female; Humans; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle | 1973 |
Treatment of psoriasis with azathioprine.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Anemia; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Blood Cell Count; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver In | 1974 |
Liver scans after orthotopic hepatic homotransplantation, biliary obstruction, and devascularization procedures.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Cholestasis; Common Bile Duct; Dogs; Hepatic Artery; Immune Sera; Liver; Live | 1968 |
[Differential diagnosis of early jaundice after orthotopic transplantation of the liver in humans].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cholestasis; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Ischemi | 1970 |
Application of the leucocyte migration test to the diagnosis of rejection after liver transplantation.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Azathioprine; Bilirub | 1971 |
[Liver autoantibodies in benign recurrent intrahepatic biliary stasis (Tygstrup's syndrome)].
Topics: Adult; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Cholestasis; Chronic Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans | 1972 |
[The treatment of ulcerative colitis in childhood].
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Child; Cholestasis; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Mercaptopurine; | 1970 |
Experiences with immunosuppressive therapy in childhood ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Child; Cholestasis; Colitis, Ulcerative; Enema; Female; Humans; Immunosupp | 1971 |
Natural history of active chronic hepatitis. II. Pathology, pathogenesis and clinico-pathological correlation.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Biliary Tract Disease | 1968 |