Page last updated: 2024-10-23

azathioprine and Carcinoma, Squamous Cell

azathioprine has been researched along with Carcinoma, Squamous Cell in 82 studies

Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell: A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"Recent studies have reported a significant increase of proteinuria in kidney transplant recipients who were switched from a calcineurin inhibitor (CI) to sirolimus."9.12Proteinuria following conversion from azathioprine to sirolimus in renal transplant recipients. ( Hoitsma, AJ; van den Akker, JM; Wetzels, JF, 2006)
" A 67-year-old renal transplant recipient developed a nodular malignant melanoma after 30 years of immunosuppression with azathioprine and prednisolone."7.75Nodular malignant melanoma and multiple cutaneous neoplasms under immunosuppression with azathioprine. ( Guenova, E; Hoetzenecker, W; Lichte, V; Moehrle, M; Roecken, M; Schaller, M; Woelbing, F, 2009)
"Recent studies have reported a significant increase of proteinuria in kidney transplant recipients who were switched from a calcineurin inhibitor (CI) to sirolimus."5.12Proteinuria following conversion from azathioprine to sirolimus in renal transplant recipients. ( Hoitsma, AJ; van den Akker, JM; Wetzels, JF, 2006)
" Warts (30%) had the larger incidence and were associated with azathioprine (P = 0."3.91Skin lesions in organ transplant recipients: a study of 177 consecutive Brazilian patients. ( Codarin, FR; Festa Neto, C; Oliveira, WRP; Silva, LLC; Souza, AAV; Tirico, MCCP, 2019)
"We assessed two patients with multiple sclerosis who were on treatment with dimethylfumarate (DMF) preceded by long-term azathioprine therapy."3.88Altered epigenetic pathways and cell cycle dysregulation in healthy appearing skin of patients with koebnerized squamous cell carcinomas following skin surgery. ( Bechara, FG; Gambichler, T; Hessam, S; Rüddel, I; Schmitz, L; Stockfleth, E, 2018)
"To investigate (i) whether loss of MMR protein expression and microsatellite instability are over-represented in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from OTRs on azathioprine compared with SCCs from immunocompetent patients, and (ii) whether the MSH2 -6 exon 13 polymorphism is over-represented in OTRs with skin cancer on azathioprine."3.76Expression of DNA mismatch repair proteins and MSH2 polymorphisms in nonmelanoma skin cancers of organ transplant recipients. ( Cerio, R; Harwood, CA; Karran, P; McGregor, JM; Perrett, CM; Warwick, J, 2010)
" A 67-year-old renal transplant recipient developed a nodular malignant melanoma after 30 years of immunosuppression with azathioprine and prednisolone."3.75Nodular malignant melanoma and multiple cutaneous neoplasms under immunosuppression with azathioprine. ( Guenova, E; Hoetzenecker, W; Lichte, V; Moehrle, M; Roecken, M; Schaller, M; Woelbing, F, 2009)
"A prospective study in the United Kingdom of 1,634 patients without transplants treated with immunosuppressive drugs (68 percent with azathioprine, 28 percent with cyclophosphamide) found an excess of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and squamous cell skin cancer, suggesting that the excesses (although larger) of the same malignancies found among transplant recipients are not due solely to the foreign antigens of the graft."3.67Incidence of cancer in rheumatoid arthritis and other disorders after immunosuppressive treatment. ( Kinlen, LJ, 1985)
"However, the risk of acquiring skin cancer increases with the length of immunosuppressive therapy."2.67No difference in skin cancer incidence with or without cyclosporine--a 5-year perspective. ( Blohmé, I; Larkö, O, 1992)
"Excluding skin cancers, squamous cell carcinomas make up most head and neck cancers in transplant recipients."2.41Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in solid organ transplant recipients. ( Adams, GL; Matas, A; Preciado, DA, 2002)
"Incident cases of non-melanoma skin cancers and non-Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosed after prescription of thiopurine and/or anti-tumor necrosis factor-α were identified between April 2008 and January 2018."1.56Lack of Increased Risk of Lymphoma by Thiopurines or Biologics in Japanese Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Large-Scale Administrative Database Analysis. ( Hibi, T; Kobayashi, T; Uda, A; Udagawa, E, 2020)
"Two hundred thirty-one lip cancers were identified, corresponding to elevated risks for both invasive and in situ lip cancers (standardized incidence ratios of 15."1.51Risk of lip cancer after solid organ transplantation in the United States. ( Cahoon, EK; Copeland, G; Engels, EA; Gonsalves, L; Kahn, AR; Laprise, C; Lynch, CF; Madeleine, MM; Pfeiffer, RM, 2019)
"Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) has a high tumour mutational burden (50 mutations per megabase DNA pair)."1.48The genomic landscape of cutaneous SCC reveals drivers and a novel azathioprine associated mutational signature. ( Alexandrov, LB; Chelala, C; Harwood, CA; Hogan, S; Inman, GJ; Leigh, IM; Nagano, A; Proby, CM; Purdie, KJ; Sherwood, V; South, AP; Spender, LC; Stratton, M; Taylor, RG; Thomson, J; Wang, J, 2018)
"Higher doses of azathioprine increase lip cancer risk, with implications for managing immunosuppressed populations and our understanding of the relationship between solar ultraviolet radiation and lip cancer."1.43High azathioprine dose and lip cancer risk in liver, heart, and lung transplant recipients: A population-based cohort study. ( Grulich, AE; Keogh, AM; Laaksonen, MA; McCaughan, GW; Meagher, NS; Na, R; Vajdic, CM, 2016)
"Treatment with azathioprine has been proven to increase the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in transplant patients and possibly in patients with inflammatory bowel disease as well."1.40Increased incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin after long-term treatment with azathioprine in patients with auto-immune inflammatory rheumatic diseases. ( de Jong, EM; Hendriks, JC; Janssen, M; Schers, HJ; Seyger, MM; van de Kerkhof, PC; van den Reek, JM; van Lümig, PP, 2014)
"The most common skin cancer in the population was squamous cell carcinoma."1.39Gene expression profiling for cardiac rejection surveillance is not predictive of post-transplantation skin cancer. ( Chen, H; Fang, F; Hanlon, A; Lott, J; O'Neill, M; Stasko, T; Wigger, M, 2013)
"Azathioprine (AZA) treatment in transplant or autoimmune patients and subsequent appearance squamous cell carcinomas at various sites, particularly skin and cervix, has shown a close relationship."1.38[A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the breast in a patient with Crohn's disease taking azathioprine]. ( Cho, JY; Heo, SW; Ju, DU; Kim, EJ; Kim, EY; Oh, HK; Park, KC; Ryu, JI, 2012)
"The risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is found to be substantially increased after organ transplantation."1.36Immunosuppressive treatment after solid organ transplantation and risk of post-transplant cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. ( Adami, J; Bellocco, R; Fernberg, P; Höglund, P; Ingvar, A; Lindelöf, B; Smedby, KE; Tufveson, G, 2010)
"The risk of skin cancer is highly increased in kidney-transplant recipients (KTR), but the risk of subsequent skin cancers is less well studied."1.36Subsequent squamous- and basal-cell carcinomas in kidney-transplant recipients after the first skin cancer: cumulative incidence and risk factors. ( Bavinck, JN; Claas, FH; de Fijter, JW; Edelbroek, JR; Haasnoot, GW; Willemze, R; Wisgerhof, HC, 2010)
"Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignant skin lesion and 84% of all lesions occurred in sun-exposed areas."1.33Skin cancer in renal allograft recipients--experience in different ethnic groups residing in the same geographical region. ( Gralla, J; Moosa, MR, 2005)
"The risk of posttransplant cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in Norwegian heart transplant recipients (n = 148) and kidney transplant recipients (n = 1020) on triple immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisolone, transplanted between 1983 and 1992, were studied."1.31Are heart transplant recipients more likely to develop skin cancer than kidney transplant recipients? ( Fauchald, P; Geiran, O; Gjersvik, P; Hansen, S; Leivestad, T; Møller, B; Pfeffer, P; Simonsen, S, 2000)
"Responses to treatment and disease progression were determined by comparing scores with baseline scores."1.31Oral lichen planus: patient profile, disease progression and treatment responses. ( Chainani-Wu, N; Lozada-Nur, F; Mayer, P; Silverman, S; Watson, JJ, 2001)
"The thrombocytopenia was diagnosed as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura."1.30[Rapidly progressive irradiated cervical cancer that metastasized to the liver during therapy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]. ( Kariya, K; Kawamura, S; Munakata, A; Nakahata, R; Takami, H; Tamai, Y; Tsushima, K; Yoshimura, T, 1999)
"Endoscopic examination revealed esophageal cancer."1.29[Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and esophageal cancer developed in a renal allograft recipient]. ( Fujita, N; Goto, H; Inaba, T; Itoh, K; Misawa, S; Murakami, S; Nakagawa, M; Oku, N; Shima, T; Shimazaki, C, 1993)
"The conjunctiva later became scarred with foreshortening of the fornices and development of symblepharon."1.28Paraneoplastic pemphigus, cicatricial conjunctivitis, and acanthosis nigricans with pachydermatoglyphy in a patient with bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma. ( Folberg, R; Goeken, JA; Krachmer, JH; Lam, S; Massicotte, SJ; Smith, AC; Stone, MS, 1992)

Research

Studies (82)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199026 (31.71)18.7374
1990's13 (15.85)18.2507
2000's17 (20.73)29.6817
2010's25 (30.49)24.3611
2020's1 (1.22)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Cho, HG1
Kuo, KY1
Xiao, K1
Batra, P1
Li, S1
Tang, JY1
Sarin, KY1
Gambichler, T1
Rüddel, I1
Hessam, S1
Bechara, FG1
Stockfleth, E2
Schmitz, L1
Vos, M1
Plasmeijer, EI1
van Bemmel, BC1
van der Bij, W1
Klaver, NS1
Erasmus, ME1
de Bock, GH1
Verschuuren, EAM1
Rácz, E1
Laprise, C1
Cahoon, EK1
Lynch, CF1
Kahn, AR1
Copeland, G1
Gonsalves, L1
Madeleine, MM1
Pfeiffer, RM1
Engels, EA1
Inman, GJ2
Wang, J1
Nagano, A1
Alexandrov, LB1
Purdie, KJ1
Taylor, RG1
Sherwood, V1
Thomson, J1
Hogan, S1
Spender, LC1
South, AP1
Stratton, M1
Chelala, C1
Harwood, CA3
Proby, CM2
Leigh, IM3
Oliveira, WRP1
Tirico, MCCP1
Souza, AAV1
Codarin, FR1
Silva, LLC1
Festa Neto, C1
Khan, N1
Lee, H1
Trivedi, C1
Kavani, H1
Medvedeva, E1
Xie, D1
Lewis, JD1
Yang, YX1
Singh, H1
Bernstein, CN1
Hanlon, A1
O'Neill, M1
Fang, F1
Chen, H1
Lott, J1
Wigger, M1
Stasko, T1
Imko-Walczuk, B1
Kryś, A1
Lizakowski, S1
Dębska-Ślizień, A1
Rutkowski, B1
Biernat, W1
Wojnarowska, F1
Kotze, PG1
Zacharias, P1
Na, R1
Laaksonen, MA1
Grulich, AE1
Meagher, NS1
McCaughan, GW1
Keogh, AM1
Vajdic, CM1
Andrade, P1
Lopes, S2
Coelho, R1
Terroso, G1
Lage, J1
Macedo, G2
Batista, L1
Zabana, Y1
Aceituno, M1
Esteve, M1
Jiyad, Z1
Olsen, CM1
Burke, MT1
Isbel, NM1
Green, AC1
Valenzuela, RM1
Byrd, J1
Kramer, GD1
Palmer, CA1
Osborn, AG1
Digre, KB1
Warner, JE1
Wisgerhof, HC2
Hameetman, L1
Tensen, CP1
Morreau, H1
de Fijter, JW2
Bouwes Bavinck, JN2
Willemze, R3
de Gruijl, FR2
Guenova, E1
Lichte, V1
Hoetzenecker, W1
Woelbing, F1
Moehrle, M1
Roecken, M1
Schaller, M1
Ingvar, A1
Smedby, KE1
Lindelöf, B1
Fernberg, P1
Bellocco, R1
Tufveson, G1
Höglund, P1
Adami, J1
Perrett, CM1
McGregor, JM1
Warwick, J1
Cerio, R1
Karran, P1
Edelbroek, JR1
Haasnoot, GW1
Claas, FH1
Bavinck, JN1
Vilas-Boas, F1
Magro, F1
Balhau, R1
Lopes, JM1
Beça, F1
Eloy, C1
Wagner, JA1
van den Reek, JM1
van Lümig, PP1
Janssen, M1
Schers, HJ1
Hendriks, JC1
van de Kerkhof, PC1
Seyger, MM1
de Jong, EM1
Carroll, RP1
Hester, J1
Wood, KJ1
Harden, PN1
Park, KC1
Ju, DU1
Heo, SW1
Ryu, JI1
Cho, JY1
Kim, EJ1
Oh, HK1
Kim, EY1
Alvarez Delgado, A1
Pérez García, ML1
Fradejas Salazar, PM1
de la Coba Ortíz, C1
Rodríguez Pérez, A1
Botsios, C1
Ostuni, P1
Boscolo-Rizzo, P1
Da Mosto, MC1
Punzi, L1
Marchiori, C1
Crovetto, M1
Solano, D1
Centeno, J1
Moosa, MR1
Gralla, J1
Parrish, JA1
van den Akker, JM1
Wetzels, JF1
Hoitsma, AJ1
Ulrich, C1
Nair, B1
Sukumar, S1
Poolari, GK1
Appu, T1
Cooke, MS1
Osborne, JE1
Singh, R1
Mistry, V1
Farmer, PB1
Evans, MD1
Hutchinson, PE1
de Graaf, YG1
Rebel, H1
Elghalbzouri, A1
Cramers, P1
Nellen, RG1
Cohen, SM1
Erturk, E1
Skibba, JL1
Bryan, GT1
Euvrard, S1
Kanitakis, J1
Pouteil-Noble, C1
Disant, F1
Dureau, G1
Finaz de Villaine, J1
Claudy, A1
Thivolet, J1
Nachbar, F1
Stolz, W1
Volkenandt, M1
Meurer, M1
Shima, T1
Oku, N1
Goto, H1
Inaba, T1
Murakami, S1
Itoh, K1
Fujita, N1
Shimazaki, C1
Misawa, S1
Nakagawa, M1
Bottomley, WW1
Ford, G1
Cunliffe, WJ1
Cotterill, JA1
Glover, MT1
Deeks, JJ1
Raftery, MJ1
Cunningham, J1
Volgger, B1
Marth, C1
Zeimet, A1
Müller-Holzner, E1
Ruth, N1
Dapunt, O1
Veness, MJ1
Yoshimura, T1
Tamai, Y1
Takami, H1
Kariya, K1
Nakahata, R1
Tsushima, K1
Munakata, A1
Kawamura, S1
Caforio, AL1
Fortina, AB1
Piaserico, S1
Alaibac, M1
Tona, F1
Feltrin, G1
Pompei, E1
Testolin, L1
Gambino, A1
Volta, SD1
Thiene, G1
Casarotto, D1
Peserico, A1
Gjersvik, P1
Hansen, S1
Møller, B1
Leivestad, T1
Geiran, O1
Simonsen, S1
Pfeffer, P1
Fauchald, P1
López-Cepero Andrada, JM1
Ferré Alamo, A1
López Silva, M1
Salado Fuentes, M1
Benítez Roldán, A1
Chainani-Wu, N1
Silverman, S1
Lozada-Nur, F1
Mayer, P1
Watson, JJ1
Preciado, DA1
Matas, A1
Adams, GL1
Sterioff, S1
Rios, CN1
Zachary, JB1
Williams, GM1
Symington, GR1
Mackay, IR1
Lambert, RP1
Jacobs, SC1
McLaughlin, AP1
Gittes, RF1
Bowen-Simpkins, P2
Hull, MG2
Koranda, FC2
Loeffler, RT1
Koranda, DM1
Penn, I2
Cohen, LM1
Tyring, SK1
Rády, P1
Callen, JP1
McCain, J1
Blohmé, I1
Larkö, O1
Regev, E1
Zeltser, R1
Lustmann, J1
Lam, S1
Stone, MS1
Goeken, JA1
Massicotte, SJ1
Smith, AC1
Folberg, R1
Krachmer, JH1
Choy, DS1
Gearhart, RP1
Gould, WJ1
Sauer, J1
Jacobson, L1
Rosenthal, B1
Xerri, L1
Payan, MJ1
Choux, R1
Gros, N1
Hassoun, J1
Chamlian, A1
Blin, D1
Monties, JR1
Ashinoff, R1
Werth, VP1
Franks, AG1
Sheil, AG1
Flavel, S1
Disney, AP1
Mathew, TH1
Hall, BM1
Pace-Balzan, A1
Timms, MS1
Reeve, VE1
Greenoak, GE1
Gallagher, CH1
Canfield, PJ1
Wilkinson, FJ1
Lennard, L1
Thomas, S1
Harrington, CI1
Maddocks, JL1
Kinlen, LJ1
Jacobsson, S1
Linell, F1
Rausing, A1
Walder, BK1
Robertson, MR1
Jeremy, D1
Murray, JE1
Wilson, RE1
Tilney, NL1
Merrill, JP1
Cooper, WC1
Birtch, AG1
Carpenter, CB1
Hager, EB1
Dammin, GJ1
Harrison, JH1
Dehmel, EM1
Kahn, G1
Jalota, R1
Eichwald, EJ1
Westburg, SP1
Stone, OJ1
Marshall, V1
Donohue, LR1
Marshall, VC1
Lowney, ED1
Sheehan, R1
Shklar, G1
Tennenbaum, R1
Kobayashi, T1
Uda, A1
Udagawa, E1
Hibi, T1

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Efficacy of Ginger Muco-bioadhesive Gel in Management of Oral Lichen Planus: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial With Immunohistochemical Analysis[NCT05882864]Phase 428 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-08-01Not yet recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Reviews

7 reviews available for azathioprine and Carcinoma, Squamous Cell

ArticleYear
Azathioprine and Risk of Skin Cancer in Organ Transplant Recipients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, 2016, Volume: 16, Issue:12

    Topics: Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Graft Rejection; Humans; Immunosuppre

2016
Oral squamous cell carcinoma in a Crohn's disease patient taking azathioprine: case report and review of the literature.
    Journal of Crohn's & colitis, 2012, Volume: 6, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agen

2012
Azathioprine, UV light, and skin cancer in organ transplant patients--do we have an answer?
    Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 2007, Volume: 22, Issue:4

    Topics: Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; My

2007
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in solid organ transplant recipients.
    Head & neck, 2002, Volume: 24, Issue:4

    Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cyclosporine; Head and Neck Neopla

2002
Lip carcinoma in renal allograft recipient with long-term immunosuppressive therapy.
    Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology, 1992, Volume: 73, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Atenolol; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cyclosporine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppres

1992
Development of multiple carcinomas in a long term survivor of Wegener's granulomatosis treated with immunosuppressive drugs.
    New York state journal of medicine, 1989, Volume: 89, Issue:12

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Small Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Gran

1989
Colposcopic and cytologic evaluation of women undergoing immunosuppressive therapy.
    The Journal of reproductive medicine, 1974, Volume: 12, Issue:5

    Topics: Antigens, Neoplasm; Azathioprine; Carcinoma in Situ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Colposcopy; Female; G

1974

Trials

3 trials available for azathioprine and Carcinoma, Squamous Cell

ArticleYear
Conversion to sirolimus in kidney transplant recipients with squamous cell cancer and changes in immune phenotype.
    Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 2013, Volume: 28, Issue:2

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Calcineurin Inhibitors; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; CD56 Antige

2013
Proteinuria following conversion from azathioprine to sirolimus in renal transplant recipients.
    Kidney international, 2006, Volume: 70, Issue:7

    Topics: Aged; Azathioprine; Calcineurin Inhibitors; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Creatinine; Female; Follow-Up

2006
No difference in skin cancer incidence with or without cyclosporine--a 5-year perspective.
    Transplantation proceedings, 1992, Volume: 24, Issue:1

    Topics: Azathioprine; Carcinoma in Situ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cyclosporine; Foll

1992

Other Studies

72 other studies available for azathioprine and Carcinoma, Squamous Cell

ArticleYear
Azathioprine and risk of multiple keratinocyte cancers.
    Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2018, Volume: 78, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans;

2018
Altered epigenetic pathways and cell cycle dysregulation in healthy appearing skin of patients with koebnerized squamous cell carcinomas following skin surgery.
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV, 2018, Volume: 32, Issue:9

    Topics: 5-Methylcytosine; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Cycle; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibi

2018
Azathioprine to mycophenolate mofetil transition and risk of squamous cell carcinoma after lung transplantation.
    The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation, 2018, Volume: 37, Issue:7

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Child; Drug Substitution; Female; H

2018
Risk of lip cancer after solid organ transplantation in the United States.
    American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, 2019, Volume: 19, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Child; Child, Preschool; Cyclospori

2019
The genomic landscape of cutaneous SCC reveals drivers and a novel azathioprine associated mutational signature.
    Nature communications, 2018, 09-10, Volume: 9, Issue:1

    Topics: 3T3 Cells; Animals; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line,

2018
Skin lesions in organ transplant recipients: a study of 177 consecutive Brazilian patients.
    International journal of dermatology, 2019, Volume: 58, Issue:4

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Brazil; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Chil

2019
Mortality Associated With Development of Squamous Cell Cancer in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Receiving Treatment With Thiopurines.
    Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2019, Volume: 17, Issue:11

    Topics: Aged; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppr

2019
Azathioprine: friend or foe?
    The British journal of dermatology, 2019, Volume: 180, Issue:5

    Topics: Azathioprine; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Germ-Line Mutation; Humans; Immunosuppres

2019
Sorting Through the Risks and Benefits of Thiopurine Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
    Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2019, Volume: 17, Issue:11

    Topics: Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Risk Assessment

2019
Gene expression profiling for cardiac rejection surveillance is not predictive of post-transplantation skin cancer.
    Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.], 2013, Volume: 39, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Profiling; Gra

2013
Sebaceous carcinoma in patients receiving long-term immunosuppresive treatment: case report and literature review.
    Transplantation proceedings, 2014, Volume: 46, Issue:8

    Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cyclosporine; Fatal Outcome; Female; Huma

2014
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Infrequent Challenge in the Management of Ulcerative Colitis Under Combination Therapy.
    Journal of Crohn's & colitis, 2016, Volume: 10, Issue:5

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anus Neoplasms; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Colitis, Ulc

2016
High azathioprine dose and lip cancer risk in liver, heart, and lung transplant recipients: A population-based cohort study.
    Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2016, Volume: 74, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Australia; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Heart Transplantation; Humans

2016
Squamous cell carcinoma arising from a presacral cyst in a patient with ulcerative colitis under azathioprine and infliximab: first case report.
    International journal of colorectal disease, 2016, Volume: 31, Issue:8

    Topics: Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cysts; Female; Humans; Infliximab; Midd

2016
Men in the spotlight: A rare case of penile squamous carcinoma associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in a patient with ulcerative colitis (UC).
    Gastroenterologia y hepatologia, 2016, Volume: 39, Issue:8

    Topics: Aged; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Colitis, Ulcerative; Human papillomavirus 16; Human pa

2016
An 82-Year-Old Man With Diplopia.
    Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society, 2016, Volume: 36, Issue:4

    Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cranial Nerve Neoplasms; Diplopia; Drug T

2016
Azathioprine-induced microsatellite instability is not observed in skin carcinomas of organ transplant recipients.
    The Journal of investigative dermatology, 2009, Volume: 129, Issue:5

    Topics: Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; DNA, Neoplasm; Graft Rejection; Human

2009
Nodular malignant melanoma and multiple cutaneous neoplasms under immunosuppression with azathioprine.
    Melanoma research, 2009, Volume: 19, Issue:4

    Topics: Aged; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Ce

2009
Immunosuppressive treatment after solid organ transplantation and risk of post-transplant cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
    Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 2010, Volume: 25, Issue:8

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Case-Control Studies; Child; Cohort

2010
Expression of DNA mismatch repair proteins and MSH2 polymorphisms in nonmelanoma skin cancers of organ transplant recipients.
    The British journal of dermatology, 2010, Volume: 162, Issue:4

    Topics: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Azathioprine; Base Pair Mismatch; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma

2010
Subsequent squamous- and basal-cell carcinomas in kidney-transplant recipients after the first skin cancer: cumulative incidence and risk factors.
    Transplantation, 2010, May-27, Volume: 89, Issue:10

    Topics: Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Age

2010
Cancer after heart transplant: implications for practice.
    Progress in transplantation (Aliso Viejo, Calif.), 2012, Volume: 22, Issue:4

    Topics: Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fatal Outcome; Glucocorticoids; H

2012
Increased incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin after long-term treatment with azathioprine in patients with auto-immune inflammatory rheumatic diseases.
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV, 2014, Volume: 28, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous

2014
[A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the breast in a patient with Crohn's disease taking azathioprine].
    The Korean journal of gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe chi, 2012, Volume: 60, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Colonoscopy; Combined Modality Ther

2012
[Invasive cancer of the cervix in a patient undergoing chronic treatment with 6-mercaptopurine for Crohns disease].
    Gastroenterologia y hepatologia, 2003, Volume: 26, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Crohn Disease; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Immunosu

2003
Dermatomyositis and malignancy of the pharynx in Caucasian patients: report of two observations.
    Rheumatology international, 2003, Volume: 23, Issue:6

    Topics: Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Combin

2003
[Recurrent polychondritis: apropos of a case].
    Acta otorrinolaringologica espanola, 2003, Volume: 54, Issue:10

    Topics: Aspirin; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Conjunctivitis; Cyclos

2003
Skin cancer in renal allograft recipients--experience in different ethnic groups residing in the same geographical region.
    Clinical transplantation, 2005, Volume: 19, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cyclosporine; Female; Humans;

2005
Immunosuppression, skin cancer, and ultraviolet A radiation.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Dec-22, Volume: 353, Issue:25

    Topics: Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; DNA Damage; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppres

2005
Azathioprine-induced squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney.
    Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology, 2007, Volume: 41, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Neoplasms; M

2007
Evidence that oxidative stress is a risk factor for the development of squamous cell carcinoma in renal transplant patients.
    Free radical biology & medicine, 2007, Nov-01, Volume: 43, Issue:9

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Case-Control Studies; Deoxyguan

2007
More epidermal p53 patches adjacent to skin carcinomas in renal transplant recipients than in immunocompetent patients: the role of azathioprine.
    Experimental dermatology, 2008, Volume: 17, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Clone

2008
Azathioprine induction of lymphomas and squamous cell carcinomas in rats.
    Cancer research, 1983, Volume: 43, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Ear Neoplasms; Female; Lymphoma; Rats; Rats, Inbred

1983
Aggressive squamous cell carcinomas in organ transplant recipients.
    Transplantation proceedings, 1995, Volume: 27, Issue:2

    Topics: Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cyclosporine; Heart Transplantation; Humans; Immunosuppressi

1995
Squamous cell carcinoma in localized scleroderma following immunosuppressive therapy with azathioprine.
    Acta dermato-venereologica, 1993, Volume: 73, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Male; Risk Factors; Scleroderma, Localized; S

1993
[Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and esophageal cancer developed in a renal allograft recipient].
    [Rinsho ketsueki] The Japanese journal of clinical hematology, 1993, Volume: 34, Issue:7

    Topics: Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Esophageal Neoplasms; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Kid

1993
Aggressive squamous cell carcinomas developing in patients receiving long-term azathioprine.
    The British journal of dermatology, 1995, Volume: 133, Issue:3

    Topics: Aged; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cocarcinogenesis; Ear Neoplasms; Head and Neck Neoplas

1995
Immunosuppression and risk of non-melanoma skin cancer in renal transplant recipients.
    Lancet (London, England), 1997, Feb-08, Volume: 349, Issue:9049

    Topics: Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Follow-Up Studies;

1997
Fulminant course of a microinvasive vulvar carcinoma in an immunosuppressed woman.
    Gynecologic oncology, 1997, Volume: 65, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Carcinogens; Carcinoma in Situ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Condylomata Acuminata

1997
Cardiac transplant-related cutaneous malignancies in an Australian recipient: immunosuppression, friend or foe?
    Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain)), 1998, Volume: 10, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Australia; Azathioprine; Bowen's Disease; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cy

1998
[Rapidly progressive irradiated cervical cancer that metastasized to the liver during therapy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura].
    [Rinsho ketsueki] The Japanese journal of clinical hematology, 1999, Volume: 40, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressiv

1999
Skin cancer in heart transplant recipients: risk factor analysis and relevance of immunosuppressive therapy.
    Circulation, 2000, Nov-07, Volume: 102, Issue:19 Suppl 3

    Topics: Age Distribution; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Comorbidity; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, C

2000
Are heart transplant recipients more likely to develop skin cancer than kidney transplant recipients?
    Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation, 2000, Volume: 13 Suppl 1

    Topics: Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Heart Transplantati

2000
[Azathioprine and cavum carcinoma in a patient with autoimmune hepatitis and Crohn's disease].
    Gastroenterologia y hepatologia, 2001, Volume: 24, Issue:2

    Topics: Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Crohn Disease; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Hepatitis, Autoimmun

2001
Oral lichen planus: patient profile, disease progression and treatment responses.
    Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), 2001, Volume: 132, Issue:7

    Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Ce

2001
Neoplasia in kidney transplant recipients.
    American journal of surgery, 1975, Volume: 130, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Small Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Huma

1975
Cancer and teratogenesis: infrequent occurrence after medical use of immunosuppressive drugs.
    Australian and New Zealand journal of medicine, 1977, Volume: 7, Issue:4

    Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous C

1977
Effects of immunosuppression on the rejection of methylcholanthrene tumor isografts.
    Journal of surgical oncology, 1977, Volume: 9, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Antigens, Neoplasm; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Graft Rejection; Immunosuppress

1977
Intraepithelial vaginal neoplasia following immunosuppressive therapy treated with topical 5-Fu.
    Obstetrics and gynecology, 1975, Volume: 46, Issue:3

    Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cervix Uteri; Female

1975
Accelerated induction of skin cancers by ultraviolet radiation in hairless mice treated with immunosuppressive agents.
    Surgical forum, 1975, Volume: 26

    Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Mice; Mice, Nude; Prednisone; Skin Neoplasm

1975
Human papillomavirus type 11 in multiple squamous cell carcinomas in a patient with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus.
    Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 1992, Volume: 26, Issue:5 Pt 2

    Topics: Acute Disease; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cocarcinogenesis; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus

1992
Living on borrowed time.
    The Nurse practitioner, 1992, Volume: 17, Issue:7

    Topics: Attitude to Health; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Heart Transplantation; Humans; Male; Nur

1992
Paraneoplastic pemphigus, cicatricial conjunctivitis, and acanthosis nigricans with pachydermatoglyphy in a patient with bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma.
    Ophthalmology, 1992, Volume: 99, Issue:1

    Topics: Acanthosis Nigricans; Aged; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Chronic

1992
An exceptional 18-year follow-up after cardiac transplantation. How can malignancies occur during immunosuppressive therapy?
    Cancer, 1989, May-01, Volume: 63, Issue:9

    Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Papillary; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Follow-Up

1989
Resistant discoid lupus erythematosus of palms and soles: successful treatment with azathioprine.
    Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 1988, Volume: 19, Issue:5 Pt 2

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Drug Resistance; Female; Foot Dermatoses; Hand Dermat

1988
Cancer incidence in renal transplant patients treated with azathioprine or cyclosporine.
    Transplantation proceedings, 1987, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Pt 3

    Topics: Australia; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cyclosporins; Female; Humans; Kidney Transplantat

1987
Intranasal squamous cell carcinoma in a renal transplant recipient on long term immunosuppression.
    Postgraduate medical journal, 1987, Volume: 63, Issue:745

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Tran

1987
Effect of immunosuppressive agents and sunscreens on UV carcinogenesis in the hairless mouse.
    The Australian journal of experimental biology and medical science, 1985, Volume: 63 ( Pt 6)

    Topics: 4-Aminobenzoic Acid; Animals; Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; Carcinoma in Situ; Carcinoma, Squamo

1985
Skin cancer in renal transplant recipients is associated with increased concentrations of 6-thioguanine nucleotide in red blood cells.
    The British journal of dermatology, 1985, Volume: 113, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Drug Administration Schedule; Erythrocytes; Female; G

1985
Incidence of cancer in rheumatoid arthritis and other disorders after immunosuppressive treatment.
    The American journal of medicine, 1985, Jan-21, Volume: 78, Issue:1A

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squa

1985
Florid keratoacanthomas in a kidney transplant recipient. Case report.
    Scandinavian journal of plastic and reconstructive surgery, 1974, Volume: 8, Issue:3

    Topics: Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Dactinomycin; Graft Rejection; Humans; Immunosuppression The

1974
Skin cancer and immunosuppression.
    Lancet (London, England), 1971, Dec-11, Volume: 2, Issue:7737

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Humans; Immunosuppress

1971
Five years' experience in renal transplantation with immunosuppressive drugs: survival, function, complications, and the role of lymphocyte depletion by thoracic duct fistula.
    Annals of surgery, 1968, Volume: 168, Issue:3

    Topics: Azaserine; Azathioprine; Cadaver; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Dactinomycin; Female; Fistula; Humans; H

1968
Cutaneous complications in immunosuppressed renal homograft recipients.
    JAMA, 1974, Jul-22, Volume: 229, Issue:4

    Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Adult; Alopecia; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous

1974
Chronic immunosuppression and occult lymphoma: a case report.
    Transplantation, 1972, Volume: 14, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bone Neoplasms; Cadaver; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cytomegalovirus Infections;

1972
Multiple cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas during immunosuppressive therapy.
    Archives of dermatology, 1973, Volume: 107, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Fluorouracil; Humans; Hyperplasia; Immunosuppressive

1973
Premalignant and malignant skin tumours in immunosuppressed patients.
    Transplantation, 1974, Volume: 17, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Cadaver; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cyc

1974
Skin tumours in immunosuppressed patients.
    The Australian and New Zealand journal of surgery, 1973, Volume: 43, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Allopurinol; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinom

1973
Intra-epithelial carcinoma of the vagina following immunosuppression treated with topical 5-fluorouracil.
    Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1974, Volume: 67, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Fluorouracil; Humans; Prednisolone; Vaginal N

1974
Antimitotic drugs and aggressive squamous cell tumors.
    Archives of dermatology, 1972, Volume: 105, Issue:6

    Topics: Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cyclophosphamide; Humans; Kerat

1972
Azathioprine effects on the development of hamster pouch carcinomas.
    Archives of pathology, 1971, Volume: 91, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Benz(a)Anthracenes; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell

1971
Lack of Increased Risk of Lymphoma by Thiopurines or Biologics in Japanese Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Large-Scale Administrative Database Analysis.
    Journal of Crohn's & colitis, 2020, Jun-19, Volume: 14, Issue:5

    Topics: Adalimumab; Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn

2020