azathioprine has been researched along with Bronchiolitis Obliterans in 25 studies
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.
Bronchiolitis Obliterans: Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES leading to an obstructive lung disease. Bronchioles are characterized by fibrous granulation tissue with bronchial exudates in the lumens. Clinical features include a nonproductive cough and DYSPNEA.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "Everolimus is a proliferation signal inhibitor with immunosuppressive activity that may reduce the rate of progression of chronic rejection, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), after lung transplantation." | 5.12 | Everolimus versus azathioprine in maintenance lung transplant recipients: an international, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. ( Aris, R; Glanville, AR; Hmissi, A; Loyd, JE; McGiffin, DC; Pirron, U; Roman, A; Snell, GI; Sole, A; Valentine, VG; Vitulo, P, 2006) |
| "Tacrolimus is associated with a lower burden of acute rejection and lymphocytic bronchitis and a trend to a greater freedom from BOS stage 0-p than cyclosporine after lung transplantation." | 5.12 | A randomized controlled trial of tacrolimus versus cyclosporine after lung transplantation. ( Aloush, AA; Chakinala, MM; Hachem, RR; Lynch, JP; Meyers, BF; Patterson, GA; Trulock, EP; Yusen, RD, 2007) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 9 (36.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 11 (44.00) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 5 (20.00) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Bellon, H | 1 |
| Vandermeulen, E | 1 |
| Verleden, SE | 1 |
| Heigl, T | 1 |
| Vriens, H | 1 |
| Lammertyn, E | 1 |
| Verlinden, L | 1 |
| Vanhove, T | 1 |
| Verstuyf, M | 1 |
| Hoet, P | 1 |
| Vos, R | 1 |
| Verleden, GM | 1 |
| Vanaudenaerde, BM | 1 |
| Giménez, AR | 1 |
| Pastrana, DB | 1 |
| Huaranga, MAR | 1 |
| Izquierdo, JR | 1 |
| Cabrera, B | 1 |
| García, AN | 1 |
| Rodríguez, CCR | 1 |
| Dogra, S | 1 |
| Saini, AG | 1 |
| Suri, D | 1 |
| Rawat, A | 1 |
| Sodhi, KS | 1 |
| Singh, S | 1 |
| Speich, R | 2 |
| Schneider, S | 1 |
| Hofer, M | 1 |
| Irani, S | 1 |
| Vogt, P | 1 |
| Weder, W | 1 |
| Boehler, A | 1 |
| Bhorade, S | 1 |
| Ahya, VN | 1 |
| Baz, MA | 1 |
| Valentine, VG | 2 |
| Arcasoy, SM | 1 |
| Love, RB | 1 |
| Seethamraju, H | 1 |
| Alex, CG | 1 |
| Bag, R | 1 |
| Deoliveira, NC | 1 |
| Husain, A | 1 |
| Vigneswaran, WT | 1 |
| Charbeneau, J | 1 |
| Krishnan, JA | 1 |
| Durazo-Arvizu, R | 1 |
| Norwick, L | 1 |
| Garrity, E | 1 |
| Azzola, A | 1 |
| Havryk, A | 1 |
| Chhajed, P | 1 |
| Hostettler, K | 1 |
| Black, J | 1 |
| Johnson, P | 1 |
| Roth, M | 1 |
| Glanville, A | 2 |
| Tamm, M | 1 |
| Sarahrudi, K | 1 |
| Estenne, M | 1 |
| Corris, P | 1 |
| Niedermayer, J | 1 |
| Knoop, C | 2 |
| Chaparro, C | 1 |
| Verleden, G | 1 |
| Gerbase, MW | 1 |
| Venuta, F | 1 |
| Böttcher, H | 1 |
| Aubert, JD | 1 |
| Levvey, B | 1 |
| Reichenspurner, H | 1 |
| Auterith, A | 1 |
| Klepetko, W | 1 |
| Päiväniemi, OE | 1 |
| Maasilta, PK | 2 |
| Alho, HS | 2 |
| Wolff, CH | 1 |
| Salminen, US | 5 |
| Snell, GI | 3 |
| Vitulo, P | 2 |
| Glanville, AR | 2 |
| McGiffin, DC | 1 |
| Loyd, JE | 1 |
| Roman, A | 1 |
| Aris, R | 1 |
| Sole, A | 1 |
| Hmissi, A | 1 |
| Pirron, U | 1 |
| McNeil, K | 1 |
| Wahlers, T | 2 |
| Mamelok, RD | 1 |
| Maurer, J | 1 |
| Ives, J | 1 |
| Corris, PA | 1 |
| Cottin, V | 1 |
| Meloni, F | 1 |
| Morosini, M | 1 |
| Solari, N | 1 |
| Bini, F | 1 |
| Arbustini, E | 1 |
| Pellegrini, C | 1 |
| Fietta, AM | 1 |
| Hachem, RR | 1 |
| Yusen, RD | 1 |
| Chakinala, MM | 1 |
| Meyers, BF | 1 |
| Lynch, JP | 1 |
| Aloush, AA | 1 |
| Patterson, GA | 1 |
| Trulock, EP | 1 |
| Hsue, YT | 1 |
| Paulus, HE | 1 |
| Coulson, WF | 1 |
| Yagyu, K | 1 |
| van Breda Vriesman, PJ | 1 |
| Duijvestijn, AM | 1 |
| Bruggeman, CA | 1 |
| Steinhoff, G | 1 |
| Ross, DJ | 1 |
| Jordan, SC | 1 |
| Nathan, SD | 1 |
| Kass, RM | 1 |
| Koerner, SK | 1 |
| Esmore, DS | 1 |
| Williams, TJ | 2 |
| Ward, C | 1 |
| Wilson, JW | 1 |
| Orsida, B | 1 |
| Walters, EH | 1 |
| Uusitalo, M | 2 |
| Ikonen, T | 3 |
| Taskinen, E | 3 |
| Morris, RE | 1 |
| Harjula, AL | 4 |
| Wiebe, K | 1 |
| Harringer, W | 2 |
| Franke, U | 1 |
| Strüber, M | 1 |
| Krug, N | 1 |
| Korff, F | 1 |
| Cremer, J | 1 |
| Haverich, A | 2 |
| Korpela, A | 1 |
| Maasilta, P | 2 |
| Alho, H | 1 |
| Taskinen, EI | 1 |
| Ikonen, TS | 1 |
| Hoffmeyer, F | 1 |
| Hoeper, MM | 1 |
| Spiekerkötter, E | 1 |
| Fabel, H | 1 |
| Niedermeyer, J | 1 |
| Streichenberger, N | 1 |
| Peyrol, S | 1 |
| Philit, F | 1 |
| Loire, R | 1 |
| Sommer, P | 1 |
| Cordier, JF | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comparison of a Tacrolimus/Sirolimus/Prednisone Regimen Versus Tacrolimus/Azathioprine/Prednisone Immunosuppressive Regimen in Lung Transplantation[NCT00321906] | Phase 4 | 181 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2002-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Randomized, Open-label, Multi-Center Study Comparing Tacrolimus With Cyclosporin, Both Arms in Combination With Mycophenolate Mofetil and Corticosteroids for Prevention of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome in Lung Transplant Patients[NCT01429844] | Phase 3 | 274 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2001-01-31 | Completed | ||
| The Role Of Endoscopic Alveoscopy by Confocal Endomicroscopy in Diagnosing Acute and Chronic Rejection in Lung Transplant Recipients, Diagnosis of End Stage Lung Disease, and Other Pulmonary Pathologies in Vivo[NCT01033201] | 71 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2008-04-30 | Completed | |||
| Prospective and Retrospective Study to Develop a Multi-center Randomized Study, to Determine if Prevention of GERD Related Aspiration by Surgical Fundoplication Improves Lung Allograft Function[NCT01406210] | 647 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2011-09-30 | Completed | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
Raw proportion of patients that experienced acute rejection at or before 12 months. (NCT00321906)
Timeframe: 12mos
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Azathioprine | 48 |
| Sirolimus | 39 |
"Kaplan-Meier estimate of proportion of patients that had not experienced acute rejection by 12 months. Acute rejection is defined as rejection at any of the following grades.~Grade A0 - None With/Without Grade A1 - Minimal Grade A2 - Mild Grade A3 - Moderate" (NCT00321906)
Timeframe: 12 mos
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Azathioprine | 56 |
| Sirolimus | 58 |
Kaplan-Meier estimate of proportion of patients that had not experienced BOS by 24 months. (NCT00321906)
Timeframe: 24 mos
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Azathioprine | 81 |
| Sirolimus | 78 |
Kaplan-Meier estimate of proportion of patients that had not experienced BOS by 36 months. (NCT00321906)
Timeframe: 36 mos
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Azathioprine | 76 |
| Sirolimus | 72 |
Kaplan-Meier estimate of proportion of patients that survived to (i.e., had not died by) 12 months. (NCT00321906)
Timeframe: 12 mos
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Azathioprine | 97 |
| Sirolimus | 97 |
Kaplan-Meier estimate of proportion of patients that survived to (i.e., had not died by) 24 months. (NCT00321906)
Timeframe: 24 mos
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Azathioprine | 89 |
| Sirolimus | 94 |
Kaplan-Meier estimate of proportion of patients that survived to (i.e., had not died by) 36 months. (NCT00321906)
Timeframe: 36 mos
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Azathioprine | 84 |
| Sirolimus | 87 |
"Raw proportion of patients that experienced rejection at or above grade A2 by 12 months.~Grade A0 - None With/Without Grade A1 - Minimal Grade A2 - Mild Grade A3 - Moderate" (NCT00321906)
Timeframe: 12 mos
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Azathioprine | 24 |
| Sirolimus | 18 |
1 review available for azathioprine and Bronchiolitis Obliterans
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
[Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: treatment].
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Acute Disease; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Azathioprine; Benz | 2006 |
6 trials available for azathioprine and Bronchiolitis Obliterans
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Comparison of sirolimus with azathioprine in a tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive regimen in lung transplantation.
Topics: Azathioprine; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Drug Therapy, Combination; Graft Rejection; Humans; Immunosu | 2011 |
Everolimus versus azathioprine in maintenance lung transplant recipients: an international, randomized, double-blind clinical trial.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Cyclosporine; Double-Blind M | 2006 |
Comparison of mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine for prevention of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in de novo lung transplant recipients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Drug Therapy, Combination; Graft Re | 2006 |
A randomized controlled trial of tacrolimus versus cyclosporine after lung transplantation.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Bronchitis; Cyclosporine; Diabetes Mellitus; Drug The | 2007 |
A randomized controlled trial of tacrolimus versus cyclosporine after lung transplantation.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Bronchitis; Cyclosporine; Diabetes Mellitus; Drug The | 2007 |
A randomized controlled trial of tacrolimus versus cyclosporine after lung transplantation.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Bronchitis; Cyclosporine; Diabetes Mellitus; Drug The | 2007 |
A randomized controlled trial of tacrolimus versus cyclosporine after lung transplantation.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Bronchitis; Cyclosporine; Diabetes Mellitus; Drug The | 2007 |
FK506 rescue therapy in lung transplantation.
Topics: Azathioprine; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Graft Rejection; He | 1998 |
Azathioprine withdrawal in stable lung and heart/lung recipients receiving cyclosporine-based immunosuppression.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Azathioprine; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Cyclosporine; Cytomegalovirus Infectio | 2000 |
18 other studies available for azathioprine and Bronchiolitis Obliterans
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
The Effect of Immunosuppression on Airway Integrity.
Topics: Azathioprine; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Cyclosporine; Dexamethasone; Endothelial Cells; Epithelial C | 2017 |
Belimumab in refractory organizing pneumonia associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report.
Topics: Antibodies, Antinuclear; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; | 2019 |
Bronchiolitis obliterans associated with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and response to azathioprine.
Topics: Azathioprine; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Child; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Remission Ind | 2014 |
Mycophenolate mofetil reduces alveolar inflammation, acute rejection and graft loss due to bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Female; Graft Rejection | 2010 |
Everolimus and mycophenolate mofetil are potent inhibitors of fibroblast proliferation after lung transplantation.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Bronchi; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Cyclos | 2004 |
International experience with conversion from cyclosporine to tacrolimus for acute and chronic lung allograft rejection.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Australia; Azathioprine; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Canada; Chronic Disease; Cy | 2004 |
Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in experimental post-transplant obliterative bronchiolitis.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Bronchi; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Chondrocytes; Cyclooxygenase 2; Cyclospori | 2004 |
Peripheral CD4+ CD25+ Treg cell expansion in lung transplant recipients is not affected by calcineurin inhibitors.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; Azathioprine; Bronchiolitis Obli | 2006 |
Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia in polymyositis. A case report with longterm survival.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bronchi; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Female; Humans; Lung; Pneumonia; Polymyositi | 1993 |
Reactivation of cytomegalovirus with acute rejection and cytomegalovirus infection with obliterative bronchiolitis in rat lung allografts.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Cyclosporine; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Graft Rej | 1993 |
Delayed development of obliterative bronchiolitis syndrome with OKT3 after unilateral lung transplantation. A plea for multicenter immunosuppressive trials.
Topics: Acute Disease; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Bronchoscopy; C | 1996 |
Cytolytic therapy for the bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome complicating lung transplantation.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Bronchi | 1996 |
Immunopathological changes in the airways of stable lung transplant recipients.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Bronchiolitis; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Cycl | 1997 |
Effect of immunosuppression on obliterative lesions in a heterotopic large-animal bronchial allograft model.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Bronchi; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Cartilage; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Com | 1997 |
Obliterative lesions in small airways in an immunosuppressed porcine heterotopic bronchial allograft model.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Bronchi; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Cyclosporine; Disease Models, Animal; Immu | 1998 |
Effects of rapamycin analogue SDZ RAD on obliterative lesions in a porcine heterotopic bronchial allograft model.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Bronchi; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Cartilage; Cyclosporine; Epithelium; Evero | 1998 |
Prevention of small airway obliteration in a swine heterotopic lung allograft model.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Bronchi; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Disease Models, Animal; Epithelium; Everol | 2000 |
Constrictive bronchiolitis obliterans. Characterisation of fibrogenesis and lysyl oxidase expression patterns.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Drug Therapy | 2001 |