azathioprine has been researched along with Brain Disorders in 37 studies
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "She developed an encephalopathy which resolved after discontinuation of ganciclovir." | 5.43 | Ganciclovir-induced ataxia and encephalopathy. ( Kramer, MH; Möhlmann, MC; Stiksma, J, 2016) |
| "She developed an encephalopathy which resolved after discontinuation of ganciclovir." | 1.43 | Ganciclovir-induced ataxia and encephalopathy. ( Kramer, MH; Möhlmann, MC; Stiksma, J, 2016) |
| "Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is a rare neurological disorder." | 1.40 | Hashimoto's encephalopathy: South Korean experiences. ( Kang, K; Kim, BK; Kim, J; Kwon, O; Lee, JJ; Park, JM; Shin, H, 2014) |
| "HE is a rare disorder characterized by encephalopathy and central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, elevated antithyroid antibodies, the absence of infection or structural abnormalities in the CNS, and a response to treatment with steroids." | 1.39 | Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of Hashimoto's encephalopathy. ( Kirshner, H; Lagrange, AH; Moses, H; Olmez, I; Pawate, S; Sriram, S, 2013) |
| "The authors report a case of systemic lupus erythematosus with posterior leukoencephalopathy who presented with headache, tonic-clonic seizure, loss of consciousness and bilateral loss of vision, after taking azathioprine for three weeks." | 1.33 | Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy caused by azathioprine in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Chamadol, N; Foocharoen, C; Sawanyawisuth, K; Srinakarin, J; Tiamkao, S, 2006) |
| "The treatment of human African sleeping sickness is complicated by a post-treatment meningoencephalitis that may be fatal." | 1.28 | The use of azathioprine to ameliorate post-treatment encephalopathy associated with African trypanosomiasis. ( Hunter, CA; Jennings, FW; Kennedy, PG; Murray, M, 1992) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 15 (40.54) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 7 (18.92) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 8 (21.62) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 7 (18.92) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Whittaker, K | 1 |
| Guggenberger, K | 1 |
| Venhoff, N | 1 |
| Doostkam, S | 1 |
| Schaefer, HE | 1 |
| Fritsch, B | 1 |
| James, A | 1 |
| Blagojevic, J | 1 |
| Benham, SW | 1 |
| Cornall, R | 1 |
| Frater, J | 1 |
| Olmez, I | 1 |
| Moses, H | 1 |
| Sriram, S | 1 |
| Kirshner, H | 1 |
| Lagrange, AH | 1 |
| Pawate, S | 1 |
| Kim, J | 1 |
| Shin, H | 1 |
| Kang, K | 1 |
| Kwon, O | 1 |
| Park, JM | 1 |
| Kim, BK | 1 |
| Lee, JJ | 1 |
| Möhlmann, MC | 1 |
| Stiksma, J | 1 |
| Kramer, MH | 1 |
| Zamvar, V | 1 |
| Sugarman, ID | 1 |
| Tawfik, RF | 1 |
| Macmullen-Price, J | 1 |
| Puntis, JW | 1 |
| Gabilondo, I | 1 |
| Saiz, A | 1 |
| Graus, F | 1 |
| Villoslada, P | 1 |
| Molloy, A | 1 |
| Cassidy, E | 1 |
| Ryan, A | 1 |
| O' Toole, O | 1 |
| Fatemi, S | 1 |
| Bedri, J | 1 |
| Nicoloff, JT | 1 |
| Foocharoen, C | 1 |
| Tiamkao, S | 1 |
| Srinakarin, J | 1 |
| Chamadol, N | 1 |
| Sawanyawisuth, K | 1 |
| Shimizu, Y | 1 |
| Yokoyama, K | 1 |
| Misu, T | 1 |
| Takahashi, T | 1 |
| Fujihara, K | 1 |
| Kikuchi, S | 1 |
| Itoyama, Y | 1 |
| Iwata, M | 1 |
| Krämer, M | 1 |
| Baumgärtel, MW | 1 |
| Neuen-Jacob, E | 1 |
| Berlit, P | 1 |
| Reder, AT | 1 |
| Antel, JP | 1 |
| Krüger, KW | 1 |
| Cohen, JA | 1 |
| Raps, EC | 1 |
| Shihab, F | 1 |
| Barry, JM | 2 |
| Bennett, WM | 1 |
| Meyer, MM | 1 |
| Norman, DJ | 2 |
| Shihab, FS | 1 |
| Nakamura, M | 1 |
| Fuchinoue, S | 1 |
| Sato, S | 1 |
| Hoshino, T | 1 |
| Sawada, T | 1 |
| Sageshima, J | 1 |
| Kitajima, K | 1 |
| Tojinbara, T | 1 |
| Fujita, S | 1 |
| Nakajima, I | 1 |
| Agishi, T | 1 |
| Tanaka, K | 1 |
| Pearson, ER | 1 |
| D'Souza, RJ | 1 |
| Hamilton-Wood, C | 1 |
| Nicholls, AJ | 1 |
| Beaman, M | 1 |
| Ferriby, D | 1 |
| de Seze, J | 1 |
| Stojkovic, T | 1 |
| Hachulla, E | 1 |
| Wallaert, B | 1 |
| Blond, S | 1 |
| Destée, A | 1 |
| Hatron, PY | 1 |
| Decoulx, M | 1 |
| Vermersch, P | 1 |
| Lai, YH | 1 |
| Wang, HZ | 1 |
| Tsai, RK | 1 |
| Hoyt, WF | 1 |
| Lee, BF | 1 |
| Studler, U | 1 |
| Lyrer, P | 1 |
| Kaim, A | 1 |
| Hughes, GR | 1 |
| Murray, HW | 1 |
| Hammer, GS | 1 |
| Bottone, EJ | 1 |
| Hirschman, SZ | 1 |
| Hunter, CA | 1 |
| Jennings, FW | 1 |
| Kennedy, PG | 1 |
| Murray, M | 1 |
| Nicolle, MW | 1 |
| McLachlan, RS | 1 |
| Haar, D | 1 |
| Kinoshita, M | 1 |
| Nishina, M | 1 |
| Koya, N | 1 |
| Black, JR | 1 |
| Herrington, DA | 1 |
| Hadfield, TL | 1 |
| Wear, DJ | 1 |
| Margileth, AM | 1 |
| Shigekawa, B | 1 |
| Schneck, SA | 1 |
| Bennahum, DA | 1 |
| Messner, RP | 1 |
| Shoop, JD | 1 |
| Baker, M | 2 |
| Hadler, NM | 1 |
| Whitaker, JN | 1 |
| Dunner, DL | 1 |
| Gerwin, RD | 1 |
| Decker, JL | 1 |
| Cooley, DA | 1 |
| Bloodwell, RD | 1 |
| Hallman, GL | 1 |
| Leachman, RD | 1 |
| Nora, JJ | 1 |
| Milam, JD | 1 |
| Williams, R | 1 |
| Nyhan, WL | 1 |
| Sweetman, L | 1 |
| Carpenter, DG | 1 |
| Carter, CH | 1 |
| Hoefnagel, D | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Fatigue Treatment in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Obstructive Sleep Apnea[NCT01563900] | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-02-29 | Withdrawn (stopped due to Was unable to recruit subjects) | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
2 reviews available for azathioprine and Brain Disorders
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Critical neurologic illness in the immunocompromised patient.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; Brai | 1995 |
Systemic lupus erythematosus: treatment and prognosis.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Glucocor | 1979 |
2 trials available for azathioprine and Brain Disorders
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Psychopathology in systemic lupus erythematosus. II. Relation to clinical observations, corticosteroid administration, and cerebrospinal fluid C4.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Affective Symptoms; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Centra | 1973 |
Psychopathology in systemic lupus erythematosus. I. Psychiatric observations.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Affective Symptoms; Aspirin; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Clinical Trials as Top | 1973 |
33 other studies available for azathioprine and Brain Disorders
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Cerebral granulomatosis as a manifestation of Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Crohn Disease; Disease Progression; Fe | 2018 |
Azathioprine hypersensitivity presenting as septic shock with encephalopathy.
Topics: Aged; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Drug Hypersensitivity; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; S | 2013 |
Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of Hashimoto's encephalopathy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Electroencephalo | 2013 |
Hashimoto's encephalopathy: South Korean experiences.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Brain; Brain Diseases; Electroencephalograph | 2014 |
Ganciclovir-induced ataxia and encephalopathy.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Ataxia; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Crohn Disease; Cytomegalovirus Infections; F | 2016 |
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome following infliximab infusion.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adolescent; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Brain Di | 2009 |
Response to immunotherapy in CLIPPERS syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Brain; Brain Diseases; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunoglobulins, Intrav | 2011 |
VGKC positive autoimmune encephalopathy mimicking dementia.
Topics: Antibodies; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Bipolar Disorder; Brain Diseases; Dementia; Diagnosis | 2011 |
Encephalopathy associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis: use of serum immunoglobulin G as a marker of disease activity.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Brain Diseases; Electroencephal | 2003 |
Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy caused by azathioprine in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, | 2006 |
Development of extensive brain lesions following interferon beta therapy in relapsing neuromyelitis optica and longitudinally extensive myelitis.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Brain; Brain Diseases; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Interferon Typ | 2008 |
[Myalgia in Neuro-Behçet's disease. Medication side effects or expression of underlying disease].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Behcet Syndrome; Biopsy; Brain Diseases; Cyclosporine; Dose-Response Relationsh | 2008 |
Clinical spectrum of multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Age Factors; Azathioprine; Brain Diseas | 1983 |
[Lupus erythematosus and the central nervous system].
Topics: Azathioprine; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Brain Diseases; Cyclophosphamide; Diagnosis, Differential; | 1984 |
Cytokine-related encephalopathy induced by OKT3: incidence and predisposing factors.
Topics: Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Coma; Confusion; Cyclosporine; Cytokines; Female; Follow-Up Studies; H | 1993 |
Encephalopathy following the use of OKT3 in renal allograft transplantation.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Cytokines; Female; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Kidney Tr | 1993 |
Clinical and radiological features of two cases of tacrolimus-related posterior leukoencephalopathy in living related liver transplantation.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Cyclosporine; Demyelinating Diseases; Drug Therapy, Combination | 1998 |
Hypertensive encephalopathy and nephrotic syndrome: a possible link?
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antihypertensive Agents; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Calcium Channel Blo | 1999 |
[Clinical manifestations and therapeutic approach in neurosarcoidosis].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Brain; Brain Diseases; Cyclophospha | 2000 |
Bilateral orbital pseudotumor with suprasellar and pulmonary involvement: report of a case.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exophthalmos; Glucocorticoids; Granu | 2000 |
[Basal meningitis with brain stem infarction in Boeck's disease].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Brain Stem Infarctions; Diagnosis, Dif | 2001 |
Letter: Roentgenographically atypical Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
Topics: Aspergillosis; Aspergillus fumigatus; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Humans; Immunosuppression Therap | 1975 |
Mucormycosis in a transplant recipient.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Amphotericin B; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Flucy | 1975 |
The use of azathioprine to ameliorate post-treatment encephalopathy associated with African trypanosomiasis.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Diminazene; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Mice; Mice, Inbre | 1992 |
Microangiopathy with retinopathy, encephalopathy, and deafness (RED-M) and systemic features.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Cardiolipins; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Imm | 1991 |
Binswanger's disease after prednisolone and azathioprine therapy.
Topics: Aged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Female; Humans; Prednisolone; Tomography, | 1988 |
Ten years follow up study of steroid therapy for congenital encephalomyopathy.
Topics: Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Creatine Kinase; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; I | 1986 |
Life-threatening cat-scratch disease in an immunocompromised host.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Cat-Scratch Disease; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Prednisone | 1986 |
Neurology and neuropathology of immunosuppressive therapy and acquired immunological deficiency.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Agammaglobulinemia; Aspergillus; Azathioprine; Brain; Brain Diseases; Candida; Ce | 1971 |
Brain scan findings in central nervous system involvement by lupus erythematosus.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Lupus | 1974 |
Cardiac transplantation: general considerations and results.
Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Child, Preschool; Electrocardiography; Female; H | 1969 |
[Liver transplantation in man].
Topics: Acidosis; Adult; Azathioprine; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Brain Death; Brain Diseases; Electroencephalogra | 1970 |
Effects of azathiprine in a disorder of uric acid metabolism and cerebral function.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Blood Platelets; Brain Diseases; Child; Gout; Hematocrit; Hemoglobinometry; Hum | 1968 |