azathioprine has been researched along with Brain Diseases in 37 studies
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.
Brain Diseases: Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "She developed an encephalopathy which resolved after discontinuation of ganciclovir." | 5.43 | Ganciclovir-induced ataxia and encephalopathy. ( Kramer, MH; Möhlmann, MC; Stiksma, J, 2016) |
| "She developed an encephalopathy which resolved after discontinuation of ganciclovir." | 1.43 | Ganciclovir-induced ataxia and encephalopathy. ( Kramer, MH; Möhlmann, MC; Stiksma, J, 2016) |
| "Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is a rare neurological disorder." | 1.40 | Hashimoto's encephalopathy: South Korean experiences. ( Kang, K; Kim, BK; Kim, J; Kwon, O; Lee, JJ; Park, JM; Shin, H, 2014) |
| "HE is a rare disorder characterized by encephalopathy and central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, elevated antithyroid antibodies, the absence of infection or structural abnormalities in the CNS, and a response to treatment with steroids." | 1.39 | Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of Hashimoto's encephalopathy. ( Kirshner, H; Lagrange, AH; Moses, H; Olmez, I; Pawate, S; Sriram, S, 2013) |
| "The authors report a case of systemic lupus erythematosus with posterior leukoencephalopathy who presented with headache, tonic-clonic seizure, loss of consciousness and bilateral loss of vision, after taking azathioprine for three weeks." | 1.33 | Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy caused by azathioprine in systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Chamadol, N; Foocharoen, C; Sawanyawisuth, K; Srinakarin, J; Tiamkao, S, 2006) |
| "The treatment of human African sleeping sickness is complicated by a post-treatment meningoencephalitis that may be fatal." | 1.28 | The use of azathioprine to ameliorate post-treatment encephalopathy associated with African trypanosomiasis. ( Hunter, CA; Jennings, FW; Kennedy, PG; Murray, M, 1992) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 15 (40.54) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 7 (18.92) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 8 (21.62) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 7 (18.92) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Whittaker, K | 1 |
| Guggenberger, K | 1 |
| Venhoff, N | 1 |
| Doostkam, S | 1 |
| Schaefer, HE | 1 |
| Fritsch, B | 1 |
| James, A | 1 |
| Blagojevic, J | 1 |
| Benham, SW | 1 |
| Cornall, R | 1 |
| Frater, J | 1 |
| Olmez, I | 1 |
| Moses, H | 1 |
| Sriram, S | 1 |
| Kirshner, H | 1 |
| Lagrange, AH | 1 |
| Pawate, S | 1 |
| Kim, J | 1 |
| Shin, H | 1 |
| Kang, K | 1 |
| Kwon, O | 1 |
| Park, JM | 1 |
| Kim, BK | 1 |
| Lee, JJ | 1 |
| Möhlmann, MC | 1 |
| Stiksma, J | 1 |
| Kramer, MH | 1 |
| Zamvar, V | 1 |
| Sugarman, ID | 1 |
| Tawfik, RF | 1 |
| Macmullen-Price, J | 1 |
| Puntis, JW | 1 |
| Gabilondo, I | 1 |
| Saiz, A | 1 |
| Graus, F | 1 |
| Villoslada, P | 1 |
| Molloy, A | 1 |
| Cassidy, E | 1 |
| Ryan, A | 1 |
| O' Toole, O | 1 |
| Fatemi, S | 1 |
| Bedri, J | 1 |
| Nicoloff, JT | 1 |
| Foocharoen, C | 1 |
| Tiamkao, S | 1 |
| Srinakarin, J | 1 |
| Chamadol, N | 1 |
| Sawanyawisuth, K | 1 |
| Shimizu, Y | 1 |
| Yokoyama, K | 1 |
| Misu, T | 1 |
| Takahashi, T | 1 |
| Fujihara, K | 1 |
| Kikuchi, S | 1 |
| Itoyama, Y | 1 |
| Iwata, M | 1 |
| Krämer, M | 1 |
| Baumgärtel, MW | 1 |
| Neuen-Jacob, E | 1 |
| Berlit, P | 1 |
| Reder, AT | 1 |
| Antel, JP | 1 |
| Krüger, KW | 1 |
| Cohen, JA | 1 |
| Raps, EC | 1 |
| Shihab, F | 1 |
| Barry, JM | 2 |
| Bennett, WM | 1 |
| Meyer, MM | 1 |
| Norman, DJ | 2 |
| Shihab, FS | 1 |
| Nakamura, M | 1 |
| Fuchinoue, S | 1 |
| Sato, S | 1 |
| Hoshino, T | 1 |
| Sawada, T | 1 |
| Sageshima, J | 1 |
| Kitajima, K | 1 |
| Tojinbara, T | 1 |
| Fujita, S | 1 |
| Nakajima, I | 1 |
| Agishi, T | 1 |
| Tanaka, K | 1 |
| Pearson, ER | 1 |
| D'Souza, RJ | 1 |
| Hamilton-Wood, C | 1 |
| Nicholls, AJ | 1 |
| Beaman, M | 1 |
| Ferriby, D | 1 |
| de Seze, J | 1 |
| Stojkovic, T | 1 |
| Hachulla, E | 1 |
| Wallaert, B | 1 |
| Blond, S | 1 |
| Destée, A | 1 |
| Hatron, PY | 1 |
| Decoulx, M | 1 |
| Vermersch, P | 1 |
| Lai, YH | 1 |
| Wang, HZ | 1 |
| Tsai, RK | 1 |
| Hoyt, WF | 1 |
| Lee, BF | 1 |
| Studler, U | 1 |
| Lyrer, P | 1 |
| Kaim, A | 1 |
| Hughes, GR | 1 |
| Murray, HW | 1 |
| Hammer, GS | 1 |
| Bottone, EJ | 1 |
| Hirschman, SZ | 1 |
| Hunter, CA | 1 |
| Jennings, FW | 1 |
| Kennedy, PG | 1 |
| Murray, M | 1 |
| Nicolle, MW | 1 |
| McLachlan, RS | 1 |
| Haar, D | 1 |
| Kinoshita, M | 1 |
| Nishina, M | 1 |
| Koya, N | 1 |
| Black, JR | 1 |
| Herrington, DA | 1 |
| Hadfield, TL | 1 |
| Wear, DJ | 1 |
| Margileth, AM | 1 |
| Shigekawa, B | 1 |
| Schneck, SA | 1 |
| Bennahum, DA | 1 |
| Messner, RP | 1 |
| Shoop, JD | 1 |
| Baker, M | 2 |
| Hadler, NM | 1 |
| Whitaker, JN | 1 |
| Dunner, DL | 1 |
| Gerwin, RD | 1 |
| Decker, JL | 1 |
| Cooley, DA | 1 |
| Bloodwell, RD | 1 |
| Hallman, GL | 1 |
| Leachman, RD | 1 |
| Nora, JJ | 1 |
| Milam, JD | 1 |
| Williams, R | 1 |
| Nyhan, WL | 1 |
| Sweetman, L | 1 |
| Carpenter, DG | 1 |
| Carter, CH | 1 |
| Hoefnagel, D | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Fatigue Treatment in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Obstructive Sleep Apnea[NCT01563900] | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-02-29 | Withdrawn (stopped due to Was unable to recruit subjects) | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
2 reviews available for azathioprine and Brain Diseases
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Critical neurologic illness in the immunocompromised patient.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; Brai | 1995 |
Systemic lupus erythematosus: treatment and prognosis.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Glucocor | 1979 |
2 trials available for azathioprine and Brain Diseases
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Psychopathology in systemic lupus erythematosus. II. Relation to clinical observations, corticosteroid administration, and cerebrospinal fluid C4.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Affective Symptoms; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Centra | 1973 |
Psychopathology in systemic lupus erythematosus. I. Psychiatric observations.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Affective Symptoms; Aspirin; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Clinical Trials as Top | 1973 |
33 other studies available for azathioprine and Brain Diseases
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Cerebral granulomatosis as a manifestation of Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Crohn Disease; Disease Progression; Fe | 2018 |
Azathioprine hypersensitivity presenting as septic shock with encephalopathy.
Topics: Aged; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Drug Hypersensitivity; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; S | 2013 |
Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of Hashimoto's encephalopathy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Electroencephalo | 2013 |
Hashimoto's encephalopathy: South Korean experiences.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Brain; Brain Diseases; Electroencephalograph | 2014 |
Ganciclovir-induced ataxia and encephalopathy.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Ataxia; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Crohn Disease; Cytomegalovirus Infections; F | 2016 |
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome following infliximab infusion.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adolescent; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Brain Di | 2009 |
Response to immunotherapy in CLIPPERS syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Brain; Brain Diseases; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunoglobulins, Intrav | 2011 |
VGKC positive autoimmune encephalopathy mimicking dementia.
Topics: Antibodies; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Bipolar Disorder; Brain Diseases; Dementia; Diagnosis | 2011 |
Encephalopathy associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis: use of serum immunoglobulin G as a marker of disease activity.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Brain Diseases; Electroencephal | 2003 |
Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy caused by azathioprine in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, | 2006 |
Development of extensive brain lesions following interferon beta therapy in relapsing neuromyelitis optica and longitudinally extensive myelitis.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Brain; Brain Diseases; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Interferon Typ | 2008 |
[Myalgia in Neuro-Behçet's disease. Medication side effects or expression of underlying disease].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Behcet Syndrome; Biopsy; Brain Diseases; Cyclosporine; Dose-Response Relationsh | 2008 |
Clinical spectrum of multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Age Factors; Azathioprine; Brain Diseas | 1983 |
[Lupus erythematosus and the central nervous system].
Topics: Azathioprine; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Brain Diseases; Cyclophosphamide; Diagnosis, Differential; | 1984 |
Cytokine-related encephalopathy induced by OKT3: incidence and predisposing factors.
Topics: Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Coma; Confusion; Cyclosporine; Cytokines; Female; Follow-Up Studies; H | 1993 |
Encephalopathy following the use of OKT3 in renal allograft transplantation.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Cytokines; Female; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Kidney Tr | 1993 |
Clinical and radiological features of two cases of tacrolimus-related posterior leukoencephalopathy in living related liver transplantation.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Cyclosporine; Demyelinating Diseases; Drug Therapy, Combination | 1998 |
Hypertensive encephalopathy and nephrotic syndrome: a possible link?
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antihypertensive Agents; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Calcium Channel Blo | 1999 |
[Clinical manifestations and therapeutic approach in neurosarcoidosis].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Brain; Brain Diseases; Cyclophospha | 2000 |
Bilateral orbital pseudotumor with suprasellar and pulmonary involvement: report of a case.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exophthalmos; Glucocorticoids; Granu | 2000 |
[Basal meningitis with brain stem infarction in Boeck's disease].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Brain Stem Infarctions; Diagnosis, Dif | 2001 |
Letter: Roentgenographically atypical Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
Topics: Aspergillosis; Aspergillus fumigatus; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Humans; Immunosuppression Therap | 1975 |
Mucormycosis in a transplant recipient.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Amphotericin B; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Flucy | 1975 |
The use of azathioprine to ameliorate post-treatment encephalopathy associated with African trypanosomiasis.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Diminazene; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Mice; Mice, Inbre | 1992 |
Microangiopathy with retinopathy, encephalopathy, and deafness (RED-M) and systemic features.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Cardiolipins; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Imm | 1991 |
Binswanger's disease after prednisolone and azathioprine therapy.
Topics: Aged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Female; Humans; Prednisolone; Tomography, | 1988 |
Ten years follow up study of steroid therapy for congenital encephalomyopathy.
Topics: Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Creatine Kinase; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; I | 1986 |
Life-threatening cat-scratch disease in an immunocompromised host.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Cat-Scratch Disease; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Prednisone | 1986 |
Neurology and neuropathology of immunosuppressive therapy and acquired immunological deficiency.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Agammaglobulinemia; Aspergillus; Azathioprine; Brain; Brain Diseases; Candida; Ce | 1971 |
Brain scan findings in central nervous system involvement by lupus erythematosus.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Lupus | 1974 |
Cardiac transplantation: general considerations and results.
Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Child, Preschool; Electrocardiography; Female; H | 1969 |
[Liver transplantation in man].
Topics: Acidosis; Adult; Azathioprine; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Brain Death; Brain Diseases; Electroencephalogra | 1970 |
Effects of azathiprine in a disorder of uric acid metabolism and cerebral function.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Blood Platelets; Brain Diseases; Child; Gout; Hematocrit; Hemoglobinometry; Hum | 1968 |