Page last updated: 2024-10-23

azathioprine and Bacteremia

azathioprine has been researched along with Bacteremia in 11 studies

Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.

Bacteremia: The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"We describe a case of 36-year-old Japanese man with Crohn's disease, complicated by Bacillus cereus bacteremia on maintenance azathioprine therapy."7.75[Bacillus cereus bacteremia in Crohn's disease with multiple ileal stricture on maintenance azathioprine therapy]. ( Hizawa, K; Iida, M; Matsumoto, T; Nagata, Y; Nakamori, M; Taniguchi, M, 2009)
"We describe a case of 36-year-old Japanese man with Crohn's disease, complicated by Bacillus cereus bacteremia on maintenance azathioprine therapy."3.75[Bacillus cereus bacteremia in Crohn's disease with multiple ileal stricture on maintenance azathioprine therapy]. ( Hizawa, K; Iida, M; Matsumoto, T; Nagata, Y; Nakamori, M; Taniguchi, M, 2009)
"In an open-label study, 6 patients with moderately active SLE (4 with nephritis and 3 with arthritis refractory to other therapies) were given 4 300-mg doses of infliximab, a chimeric anti-TNFalpha antibody, in addition to immunosuppression with azathioprine or methotrexate."3.72Safety and efficacy of tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade in systemic lupus erythematosus: an open-label study. ( Aringer, M; Graninger, WB; Smolen, JS; Steiner, G, 2004)
"All p values were less than 0."1.48Invasive aspergillosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective study on clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality. ( Chang, DM; Chen, MH; Chen, WS; Hung, ML; Lai, CC; Liao, HT; Tsai, CY, 2018)

Research

Studies (11)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's2 (18.18)18.2507
2000's4 (36.36)29.6817
2010's5 (45.45)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Hung, ML1
Liao, HT1
Chen, WS1
Chen, MH1
Lai, CC1
Tsai, CY1
Chang, DM1
Jones, N1
Hizawa, K1
Nagata, Y1
Taniguchi, M1
Nakamori, M1
Matsumoto, T1
Iida, M1
Rubia, MF1
Chozas, N1
García-Martos, P1
Reyes, F1
Tschudin, S1
Laifer, G1
Orasch, C1
Nüesch, R1
Baumgart, DC1
Kassalik, M1
Fry, LC1
Didowacz-Grollmann, A1
Mousalli, S1
Mönkemüller, K1
Foster, JD1
Hartmann, FA1
Moriello, KA1
Aringer, M1
Graninger, WB1
Steiner, G1
Smolen, JS1
Ko, KS1
Cho, DO1
Ahn, JH1
Lee, TW1
Ihm, CG1
Chang, SG1
Chai, SE1
Park, HC1
Hong, SH1
Joo, HZ1
Klauser, R1
Zlabinger, GJ1
Traindl, O1
Franz, M1
Watschinger, B1
Pohanka, E1
Kudlacek, S1
Kovarik, J1

Clinical Trials (2)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II, Multi-Center Study for Treatment of Lupus Nephritis by Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Using Etanercept[NCT00447265]Phase 21 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-02-29Terminated (stopped due to The perceived risk-benefit ratio for individuals with early active RA)
A Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Multi-Center Trial of Anti-TNF-alpha Chimeric Monoclonal Antibody (Infliximab) and Azathioprine in Patients Suffering From Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) With WHO Class V Glomerulonephritis[NCT00368264]Phase 2/Phase 31 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-09-30Terminated (stopped due to Failure to recruit patients with membranous lupus nephritis not previously treated with azathioprine .)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Number of Adverse Events (AEs)Grade 3 or Higher Experienced by Participant During Treatment Phase of Study

"Number of adverse events (AEs) or serious adverse events (SAEs) Grade 3 or higher experienced by participant over the duration of the treatment period. [1]~[1] This study graded the severity of AEs experienced by the study participant according to the criteria set forth in the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 3.0." (NCT00447265)
Timeframe: 24 Weeks

InterventionEvents (Number)
Etanercept0

Number of Participant Adverse Events (AEs) From Baseline to Early Study Withdrawal Visit

Number of participant AEs during the trial. This study graded the severity of AEs experienced by the study participant according to the criteria set forth in the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 3.0. (NCT00447265)
Timeframe: 39 Weeks

InterventionEvents (Number)
Etanercept3

Number of Participants With a B to D Change From Baseline to Week 24 in the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) Musculoskeletal Score

Reported here is the number of participants with a change in their BILAG Musculoskeletal Score from B (at baseline) to D (at week 24). A single alphabetic score (A through E) is used to denote disease severity. The BILAG score is a converted numerical score (A=9, B=3, C=1, D=0, E=0).A maximum musculoskeletal score of 9 signifies higher disease activity and a score of 0 is indicative of inactive systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the specified organ system. (NCT00447265)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Etanercept1

Number of Participants With a C to B Score Change From Baseline to Week 24 in the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) Mucocutaneous Score

Reported here is the number of participants with a change in their BILAG Mucocutaneous Score from C (at baseline) to B (at week 24). A single alphabetic score (A through E) is used to denote disease severity. The BILAG score is a converted numerical score (A=9, B=3, C=1, D=0, E=0). A maximum mucocutaneous score of 9 signifies higher disease activity and a score of 0 is indicative of inactive systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the specified organ system. (NCT00447265)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Etanercept1

Number of Participants With an A to B Score Change From Baseline to Week 24 in the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) Renal Score

Reported here is the number of participants with a change in their BILAG Renal Score from A (at baseline) to B (at week 24). A single alphabetic score (A through E) is used to denote disease severity. The BILAG score is a converted numerical score (A=9, B=3, C=1, D=0, E=0).A maximum renal score of 9 signifies higher disease activity and a score of 0 is indicative of inactive systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the specified organ system (NCT00447265)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Etanercept1

Percent of Participants Who Achieved a Renal Response at Week 24

"Percent of study participants who achieved a renal response at 24 weeks.[1]~[1]A renal response is defined as: 1) 50% reduction in proteinuria compared to baseline as measured by urinary protein: creatinine ratio; and 2) stable or improving renal function as defined by the Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) calculated based on the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation (Levy, AS, Coresh J, Galk E et al, National Kidney Foundation practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Ann Intern Med, 139(2): 137-47, 2003)" (NCT00447265)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionPercent of Participants (Number)
Etanercept100

Time to Participant's Renal Response

"Time to when participant achieved a renal response[1]~[1]A renal response is defined as: 1) 50% reduction in proteinuria compared to baseline as measured by urinary protein: creatinine ratio; and 2) stable or improving renal function as defined by the Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) calculated based on the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation (Levy, AS, Coresh J, Galk E et al, National Kidney Foundation practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Ann Intern Med, 139(2): 137-47, 2003)" (NCT00447265)
Timeframe: First 24 Weeks of Study Period

InterventionWeeks (Number)
Etanercept24

Participant Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) Mental Component Score at Baseline and Week 24

"Reported here are the participant SF-36 Mental Component scores at baseline and week 24. The SF-36 measures 8 domains: physical functioning, role limitations due to physical health, bodily pain, social functioning, mental health, role limitations due to emotional problems, vitality, and general health perceptions.[1] The Mental Component score of the SF-36 ranges from 0 to 100; 0 equals worst health state. Higher numbers reported here indicate more improvement in condition from baseline.~[1]Ref: Ware JE, Sherbourne CD. The MOS36-item short-form health survey. Med Care. 1992; 30:473-483" (NCT00447265)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

InterventionScore on a scale (Number)
Baseline SF-36 Mental Component ScoreWeek 24 SF-36 Mental Component Score
Etanercept31.452.3

Participant Medical Outcome Study Short-Form 36 (SF-36) Physical Component Score at Baseline and Week 24

"Reported here is the participant baseline and week 24 SF-36 Physical Component scores. The SF-36 measures 8 domains: physical functioning, role limitations due to physical health, body pain, social functioning, mental health, role limitations due to emotional problems, vitality, and general health perceptions[1]. The Physical Component scores of the SF-36 range from 0 to 100; 0 equals worst health state. Higher numbers reported here indicate more improvement in condition from baseline.~[1]Ref: Ware JE, Sherbourne CD. The MOS36-item short-form health survey Med Care. 1992; 30:473-483." (NCT00447265)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

InterventionScore on a scale (Number)
Baseline SF-36 Physical Component ScoreWeek 24 SF-36 Physical Component Score
Etanercept44.442.3

Participant Systematic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) Score at Baseline and at Early Study Withdrawal Visit

Reported here is the baseline and week 39 Systematic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) scores. The SLEDAI is a concise measure of lupus disease activity with excellent test-retest reliability and high responsiveness to clinically important changes in the disease. The total score is derived from ratings on 24 conditions plus the Physician's Global Assessment; 0 indicates inactive disease and the maximum theoretical score is 105, with higher scores representing increased disease activity. (NCT00447265)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 39 (Early Study Withdrawal Visit)

InterventionPoints on a scale (Number)
Baseline SLEDAI ScoreWeek 39 SLEDAI score
Etanercept228

Trials

1 trial available for azathioprine and Bacteremia

ArticleYear
Influence of immunosuppressive therapy on infectious complications in renal transplant recipients.
    Transplantation proceedings, 1992, Volume: 24, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Bacteremia; Cyclosporine; Female; Graft Rejection; Humans

1992

Other Studies

10 other studies available for azathioprine and Bacteremia

ArticleYear
Invasive aspergillosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective study on clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality.
    Lupus, 2018, Volume: 27, Issue:12

    Topics: Adult; Aspergillosis; Azathioprine; Bacteremia; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Female; Humans; Logistic

2018
Sepsis During Immunosuppression for Sight-threatening Uveitis: The Flip side.
    Ocular immunology and inflammation, 2018, Volume: 26, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Bacteremia; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immu

2018
[Bacillus cereus bacteremia in Crohn's disease with multiple ileal stricture on maintenance azathioprine therapy].
    Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai zasshi = The Japanese journal of gastro-enterology, 2009, Volume: 106, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bacillus cereus; Bacteremia; Crohn Disease; Humans; Ileal Diseases; Ileum; Immu

2009
[Mycobacterium neoaurum bacteremia in an immunodepressed patient].
    Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica, 2009, Volume: 27, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bacteremia; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Immuno

2009
[Headaches and aphasia in an immunocompromised patient].
    Praxis, 2009, Jul-08, Volume: 98, Issue:14

    Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Aphasia; Atrophy; Azathioprine; Bacteremia; Brain; Brain Abscess; Colitis, Ulcera

2009
How many lives does an ulcerative colitis patient have?
    Lancet (London, England), 2010, Sep-11, Volume: 376, Issue:9744

    Topics: Abscess; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Atriove

2010
Listeria monocytogenes sepsis in ulcerative colitis.
    Endoscopy, 2012, Volume: 44 Suppl 2 UCTN

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azathioprine; Bacteremia; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agen

2012
A case of apparent canine erysipeloid associated with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae bacteraemia.
    Veterinary dermatology, 2012, Volume: 23, Issue:6

    Topics: Amoxicillin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azathioprine; Bacteremia; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Erysipelo

2012
Safety and efficacy of tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade in systemic lupus erythematosus: an open-label study.
    Arthritis and rheumatism, 2004, Volume: 50, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Bacter

2004
Safety and efficacy of tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade in systemic lupus erythematosus: an open-label study.
    Arthritis and rheumatism, 2004, Volume: 50, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Bacter

2004
Safety and efficacy of tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade in systemic lupus erythematosus: an open-label study.
    Arthritis and rheumatism, 2004, Volume: 50, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Bacter

2004
Safety and efficacy of tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade in systemic lupus erythematosus: an open-label study.
    Arthritis and rheumatism, 2004, Volume: 50, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Bacter

2004
Infections after renal transplantation.
    Transplantation proceedings, 1994, Volume: 26, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bacteremia; Bacteria; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-U

1994