azathioprine has been researched along with Abnormalities, Drug-Induced in 46 studies
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced: Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "Azathioprine (AZA) is used during pregnancy by women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), other autoimmune disorders, malignancy, and organ transplantation." | 7.75 | Early pregnancy azathioprine use and pregnancy outcomes. ( Cleary, BJ; Källén, B, 2009) |
| "Data on birth outcome after exposure to azathioprine or mercaptopurine during pregnancy is sparse." | 7.74 | Birth outcome in women treated with azathioprine or mercaptopurine during pregnancy: A Danish nationwide cohort study. ( Gislum, M; Langagergaard, V; Nørgard, B; Pedersen, L; Sørensen, HT, 2007) |
| "Pregnancy should be avoided in women treated with methotrexate because of its known abortifacient effects and risk of causing typical malformations." | 4.82 | Inflammatory bowel disease: management issues during pregnancy. ( Ferrero, S; Ragni, N, 2004) |
| "Azathioprine (AZA) is used during pregnancy by women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), other autoimmune disorders, malignancy, and organ transplantation." | 3.75 | Early pregnancy azathioprine use and pregnancy outcomes. ( Cleary, BJ; Källén, B, 2009) |
| "Data on birth outcome after exposure to azathioprine or mercaptopurine during pregnancy is sparse." | 3.74 | Birth outcome in women treated with azathioprine or mercaptopurine during pregnancy: A Danish nationwide cohort study. ( Gislum, M; Langagergaard, V; Nørgard, B; Pedersen, L; Sørensen, HT, 2007) |
| "Data on the safety of azathioprine and mercaptopurine during pregnancy are very sparse." | 3.72 | Azathioprine, mercaptopurine and birth outcome: a population-based cohort study. ( Fonager, K; Nørgård, B; Pedersen, L; Rasmussen, SN; Sørensen, HT, 2003) |
| "A boy with microcephaly, unusual facial features, micropenis, and growth retardation was born to a 30-year-old woman who took azathioprine and prednisone before and during pregnancy for systemic lupus erythematosus." | 3.67 | Two chromosome aberrations in the child of a woman with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with azathioprine and prednisone. ( Ostrer, H; Perinchief, P; Stamberg, J, 1984) |
| "An infant born with preaxial polydactyly to a mother taking azathioprine throughout pregnancy is described." | 3.66 | Azathioprine teratogenicity: review of the literature and case report. ( Karp, LE; Williamson, RA, 1981) |
| "Pregnancy has a major effect on maternal thiopurine metabolism." | 2.79 | Intrauterine exposure and pharmacology of conventional thiopurine therapy in pregnant patients with inflammatory bowel disease. ( de Boer, NK; de Jong, DJ; Dijkstra, G; Hommes, DW; Jharap, B; Mulder, CJ; Oldenburg, B; Stokkers, P; van Bodegraven, AA; van der Woude, CJ; van Elburg, RM, 2014) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 28 (60.87) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 1 (2.17) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 11 (23.91) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 5 (10.87) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 1 (2.17) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Hammad, I | 1 |
| Porter, TF | 1 |
| Garritsen, FM | 1 |
| van den Broek, MPH | 1 |
| van Zuilen, AD | 1 |
| Fidder, HH | 1 |
| de Bruin-Weller, MS | 1 |
| Spuls, PI | 1 |
| Jharap, B | 1 |
| de Boer, NK | 1 |
| Stokkers, P | 1 |
| Hommes, DW | 1 |
| Oldenburg, B | 1 |
| Dijkstra, G | 1 |
| van der Woude, CJ | 1 |
| de Jong, DJ | 1 |
| Mulder, CJ | 1 |
| van Elburg, RM | 1 |
| van Bodegraven, AA | 1 |
| Bejan-Angoulvant, T | 1 |
| Beau-Salinas, F | 1 |
| Lengellé, C | 1 |
| Cissoko, H | 1 |
| Jonville-Béra, AP | 1 |
| Brar, H | 1 |
| Einarson, A | 1 |
| Cleary, BJ | 1 |
| Källén, B | 1 |
| Meggitt, SJ | 1 |
| Anstey, AV | 1 |
| Mohd Mustapa, MF | 1 |
| Reynolds, NJ | 1 |
| Wakelin, S | 1 |
| Hutson, JR | 1 |
| Matlow, JN | 1 |
| Moretti, ME | 1 |
| Koren, G | 3 |
| Bar, J | 1 |
| Stahl, B | 1 |
| Hod, M | 1 |
| Wittenberg, C | 1 |
| Pardo, J | 1 |
| Merlob, P | 1 |
| Nørgård, B | 3 |
| Pedersen, L | 3 |
| Fonager, K | 1 |
| Rasmussen, SN | 2 |
| Sørensen, HT | 3 |
| Ferrero, S | 1 |
| Ragni, N | 1 |
| TUCHMANN-DUPLESSIS, H | 7 |
| MERCIER-PAROT, L | 5 |
| GITHENS, JH | 2 |
| ROSENKRANTZ, JG | 2 |
| TUNNOCK, SM | 1 |
| Jacobsen, J | 1 |
| Cohen, RD | 1 |
| Langagergaard, V | 1 |
| Gislum, M | 1 |
| Goldstein, LH | 1 |
| Dolinsky, G | 1 |
| Greenberg, R | 1 |
| Schaefer, C | 1 |
| Cohen-Kerem, R | 1 |
| Diav-Citrin, O | 1 |
| Malm, H | 1 |
| Reuvers-Lodewijks, ME | 1 |
| Rost van Tonningen-van Driel, MM | 1 |
| Arnon, J | 1 |
| Ornoy, A | 1 |
| Clementi, M | 1 |
| Di Gianantonio, E | 1 |
| Braunstein, R | 1 |
| Berkovitch, M | 1 |
| Chambers, C | 1 |
| Tutuncu, ZN | 1 |
| Johnson, D | 1 |
| Jones, KL | 1 |
| Cox, SM | 1 |
| Kellum, DL | 1 |
| Syrop, CH | 1 |
| Varner, MW | 1 |
| Gabbe, SG | 1 |
| Schmid, BP | 1 |
| Ostrer, H | 1 |
| Stamberg, J | 1 |
| Perinchief, P | 1 |
| Gebhardt, DO | 1 |
| Williamson, RA | 1 |
| Karp, LE | 1 |
| Bermas, BL | 1 |
| Hill, JA | 1 |
| Polifka, JE | 1 |
| Friedman, JM | 1 |
| Symington, GR | 1 |
| Mackay, IR | 1 |
| Lambert, RP | 1 |
| Puget, A | 1 |
| Cros, S | 1 |
| Oreglia, J | 1 |
| Tollon, Y | 1 |
| Neubert, D | 1 |
| Lessmöllmann, U | 1 |
| Hinz, N | 1 |
| Dillmann, I | 1 |
| Fuchs, G | 1 |
| Holm, O | 1 |
| Lau, RJ | 1 |
| Scott, JR | 1 |
| Shepard, TH | 1 |
| Skinner, MD | 1 |
| Schwartz, RS | 1 |
| Sharon, E | 1 |
| Jones, J | 1 |
| Diamond, H | 1 |
| Kaplan, D | 1 |
| Tallent, MB | 1 |
| Simmons, RL | 1 |
| Najarian, JS | 1 |
| Zeuthen, E | 1 |
| Friedrich, U | 1 |
| Leb, DE | 1 |
| Weisskopf, B | 1 |
| Kanovitz, BS | 1 |
| Kutsch Lojenga, JC | 1 |
10 reviews available for azathioprine and Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
An Update on Biologic Agents During Pregnancy.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humani | 2020 |
Pregnancy and fetal outcomes after paternal exposure to azathioprine, methotrexate or mycophenolic acid: a critically appraised topic.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppre | 2017 |
The fetal safety of thiopurines for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in pregnancy.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Animals; Azathioprine; Birth Weight; Case-Contro | 2013 |
Inflammatory bowel disease: management issues during pregnancy.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; A | 2004 |
Are new agents used to treat rheumatoid arthritis safe to take during pregnancy? Organization of Teratology Information Specialists (OTIS) study.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Antimalarials; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprin | 2007 |
Systemic lupus erythematosus.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abortion, Therapeutic; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aspirin; Azathioprine; | 1983 |
Drug therapy in autoimmune diseases.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Acetaminophen; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathiopri | 1983 |
Effects of immunosuppressive drugs during pregnancy.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Animals; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Cyclophos | 1995 |
Immunosuppressive therapy. 2.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Chlorambucil; Clin | 1972 |
[Immunosuppressive agents].
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Antigens; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Chemical Phenom | 1971 |
3 trials available for azathioprine and Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Intrauterine exposure and pharmacology of conventional thiopurine therapy in pregnant patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Neonatal; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Female; | 2014 |
Pregnancy outcome of women exposed to azathioprine during pregnancy.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Azathioprine; Case-Control Studies; Female; Gestational Age; H | 2007 |
Immunosuppressive therapy. 2.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Chlorambucil; Clin | 1972 |
34 other studies available for azathioprine and Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
[Drugs news].
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; | 2015 |
Effects and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease during pregnancy.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Infective Ag | 2008 |
Early pregnancy azathioprine use and pregnancy outcomes.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Congenital Abnormalities | 2009 |
British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the safe and effective prescribing of azathioprine 2011.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow Diseases; Chemical and Drug Indu | 2011 |
Is immunosuppression therapy in renal allograft recipients teratogenic? A single-center experience.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Female; Graft Rejection; Humans; Imm | 2003 |
Azathioprine, mercaptopurine and birth outcome: a population-based cohort study.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Denmark; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressiv | 2003 |
[PRODUCTION OF LIMB MALFORMATIONS IN THE RABBIT BY ADMINISTRATION OF AN ANTIMETABOLITE: AZATHIOPRINE].
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Antimetabolites; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Ectromelia; Extre | 1964 |
TERATOGENIC EFFECTS OF AZATHIOPRINE (IMURAN).
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Mice; Pregnancy | 1965 |
[CONSIDERATIONS ON TERATOGENIC TESTS. DIFFERENCES IN REACTION OF 3 ANIMAL SPECIES WITH RESPECT TO AN ANTITUMOR AGENT].
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abortion, Induced; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Mice; Pathology | 1964 |
The risk of congenital abnormalities in children fathered by men treated with azathioprine or mercaptopurine before conception.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Denmark; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents | 2004 |
Sperm, sex, and 6-MP: the perception on conception.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Azathioprine; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine | 2004 |
Birth outcome in women treated with azathioprine or mercaptopurine during pregnancy: A Danish nationwide cohort study.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Denmark; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressiv | 2007 |
[Reactions induced in the embryo by 2 chemically similar antimetabolites].
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Azathioprine; Cysteine; Embryo, Mammalian; Female; Glutathione | 1966 |
Azathioprine (Imuran) and pregnancy.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Azathioprine; Cleft Palate; Female; Male; Mice; Pregnancy; Pre | 1967 |
Monitoring of organ formation in rat embryos after in vitro exposure to azathioprine, mercaptopurine, methotrexate or cyclosporin A.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Azathioprine; Brain; Cyclosporins; Dose-Response Relationship, | 1984 |
Two chromosome aberrations in the child of a woman with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with azathioprine and prednisone.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abnormalities, Multiple; Adult; Azathioprine; Chromosome Aberrations; C | 1984 |
Azathioprine teratogenicity: review of the literature and case report.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Azathioprine; Female; Fingers; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Mice; | 1983 |
Azathioprine.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Azathioprine; Carcinogens; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Drug | 1981 |
Azathioprine teratogenicity: review of the literature and case report.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Animals; Azathioprine; Female; Fingers; Humans; Infant, Newborn; | 1981 |
Teratogen update: azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Cricetinae; Fem | 2002 |
Cancer and teratogenesis: infrequent occurrence after medical use of immunosuppressive drugs.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous C | 1977 |
[The effect of two teratogens, azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine, on the embryo of the Afghan pika (Ochotona rufescens-rufescens)].
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Animals, Laboratory; Azathioprine; Bone and Bones; Female; Fet | 1975 |
Interference of 6-mercaptopurine riboside, 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside and azathioprine with the morphogenetic differentiation of mouse extremities in vivo and in organ culture.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Azathioprine; Depression, Chemical; Drug Interactions; Extremi | 1977 |
[Immunologic tissue damage and immunosuppression].
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Azathioprine; Cortisone; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Immunosuppre | 1976 |
Pregnancy following renal transplantation.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Animals; Azathioprine; Child; Cyclophosphamide | 1985 |
[Production in rabbits of malformations of the extremities by administration of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine].
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Azathioprine; Female; Mercaptopurine; Pregnancy; Rabbits | 1966 |
Teratogenicity from drugs--an increasing problem.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminopterin; Amniocentesis; Animals; Anti-Bact | 1974 |
Pregnancy and azathioprine in systemic lupus erythrmatosus.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Azathioprine; Birth Weight; Female; Fetus; Humans; Lupus Erythem | 1974 |
Birth defects in child of male recipient of kidney transplant.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abnormalities, Multiple; Azathioprine; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Hip | 1970 |
[The teratogenic risk].
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Azathioprine; Busulfan; Carbutamide; Congenital Abnormalities; | 1968 |
[Chromosome examination in children of parents treated with Imuran].
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Azathioprine; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosomes; Female; Human | 1971 |
Chromosome aberrations in the child of a kidney transplant recipient.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Azathioprine; Cadaver; Chromosome Aberrations; Female; Fetus; Hu | 1971 |
Teratogenic drug screening. Present procedures and requirements.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abnormalities, Multiple; Animals; Animals, Laboratory; Azathioprine; Ca | 1972 |
[Therapeutic fetopathy: experimental production of deformities of the extremities].
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Azathioprine; Extremities; Female; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Pregn | 1968 |