atrial-natriuretic-factor and Acute-Coronary-Syndrome

B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are the gold standard biomarkers in determining heart failure (HF) diagnosis and prognosis. These natriuretic peptides may also be useful in guiding HF management, but further studies are needed before they can be routinely recommended for that purpose. A novel natriuretic peptide biomarker, mid-regional pro atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), shows promise in determining diagnosis and prognosis in HF patients. BNP and NT-proBNP may be of use in excluding myocardial infarction and to assist in determining prognosis in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Therapeutic implication of natriuretic peptides in ACS is unclear.

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Heart Failure; Humans; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Natriuretic Peptides; Peptide Fragments; Prognosis

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Acute Disease; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Biomarkers; Critical Care; Dyspnea; Heart Diseases; Heart Failure; Humans; Immunoassay; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Pulmonary Embolism; Reference Values; Risk Assessment

The production and release of natriuretic peptides (NPs) into the bloodstream are stimulated by increased left ventricular wall tension during volume overload. In ischemia, NPs are secreted by myocardial cells in response to stress or overload, particularly in the development of myocardial systolic dysfunction. The review details the time course of changes in amino acid N-terminal proBNP in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with and without ST-segment elevation and discusses the role of the index in defining the tactics of treatment and prognosis in patients with ACS.

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Humans; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis

The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic performance of C-terminal provasopressin (copeptin), midregional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM), and midregional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) in a large prospective cohort of patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS).. Copeptin, MR-proADM, and MR-proANP are emerging biomarkers of hemodynamic stress that have been associated with adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in heart failure (HF) and stable ischemic disease.. We measured copeptin, MR-proADM, and MR-proANP concentrations in 4,432 patients with NSTE-ACS who were randomized to treatment with ranolazine or placebo in the MERLIN-TIMI 36 (Metabolic Efficiency With Ranolazine for Less Ischemia in Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes-Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 36) trial and followed up for 1 year.. A high concentration (quartile 4 vs. quartiles 1 to 3) of each biomarker identified an increased risk of CV death or HF(copeptin: 13.2% vs. 5.0%, p < 0.001; MR-proADM: 15.8% vs. 4.1%, p < 0.001; MR-proANP: 17.7% vs. 3.5%, p < 0.001)as well as CV death, HF, and myocardial infarction individually (all p ≤ 0.001). After adjustment for important covariates, each biomarker remained associated with CV death or HF at 1 year (adjusted hazard ratio: copeptin, 1.71; MR-proADM, 1.96; MR-proANP, 2.20; all p ≤ 0.001).These biomarkers improved prognostic discrimination and patient re-classification for CV death or HF at 1 year(all categorical NRI >10%, p < 0.001), and maintained independent association with composite CV death or HF when concurrently assessed in a model with clinical indicators plus BNP, cTnI, ST2, PAPP-A, and MPO (each p≤0.01) [corrected].. Copeptin, MR-proADM, and MR-proANP are complementary prognostic markers for CV death and HF in patients with NSTE-ACS that perform as well as or better than established and other emerging biomarkers and warrant further investigation of application for therapeutic decision making. (Metabolic Efficiency With Ranolazine for Less Ischemia in Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes; NCT00099788).

Topics: Acetanilides; Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Biomarkers; Electrocardiography; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glycopeptides; Humans; Male; Piperazines; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Protein Precursors; Ranolazine; Risk Factors; Sodium Channel Blockers; Thrombolytic Therapy; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome

Recently, vasodilators have been increasingly being recognized as useful for the treatment of acute heart failure syndromes (AHFS). Although carperitide (alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide) has vasodilatory, diuretic and organ-protective effects, its efficacy and safety for the first-line drug treatment of AHFS have not been reported.. A prospective observational study was performed in AHFS patients with preserved systolic blood pressure (SBP >or=120 mmHg), pulmonary congestion and dyspnea who were receiving carperitide monotherapy. The analysis was conducted in 1,832 patients (male: 52.7%; mean age: 75.1+/-12.7 years). The initial SBP was 151.1+/-25.7 mmHg; 62.0% were diagnosed as having acutely decompensated chronic heart failure and 78.8% were assessed as functional class III-IV according to New York Heart Association classification. Carperitide was administered at an initial dosage of 0.025-0.05 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) in 50.4% of patients. In 1,524 patients (83.2%), carperitide monotherapy restored the acute phase and improved the degree of dyspnea as assessed using the modified Borg scale. The incidence of adverse drug reactions was 4.64%; the most frequently reported adverse reaction was hypotension (3.55%).. In the present study, following carperitide monotherapy, 83.2% of AHFS patients recovered from the acute phase. Based on these findings, carperitide seems useful for the first-line drug treatment of AHFS in patients with pulmonary congestion and preserved blood pressure.

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Blood Pressure; Dyspnea; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Vasodilator Agents

Low-dose continuous human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) administration during cardiac surgery has been reported on previously. In the present study, the efficacy of the therapy during emergent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is investigated.. One hundred and twenty-four patients patients undergoing emergent CABG for ACS were divided into 2 groups; a group receiving administration of hANP (hANP group) and a group not receiving hANP infusion (non-hANP group). The postoperative peak levels of creatine kinase-MB were significantly lower in the hANP group as compared with those in the non-hANP group. The incidence of postoperative arrhythmias was also significantly lower in the hANP group as compared with that in the non-hANP group. The postoperative brain natriuretic peptide was significantly lower in the hANP group as compared with that in the non-hANP group until 1 year after the operation. The free-rate of cardiac events after the operation was also significantly higher in the hANP group as compared with that in the non-hANP group.. It is therefore considered that hANP might not only be effective for overcoming some major shortcomings of cardiopulmonary bypass, but also might be effective to attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury, protect the myocardium, have an anti-arrhythmic effect, and suppress left ventricular remodeling.

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Coronary Artery Bypass; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Ventricular Remodeling

It is difficult to differentiate whether coronary or non-coronary causes in patients with elevated troponin I (TnI) in emergency department (ED). The aim of this study was to develop a clinical decision tool for differentiating a coronary cause in the patients with elevated TnI.. This was a retrospective observational study that enrolled consecutive ED patients. Patients were included in the study if they were ≥16 years of age, had admitted through ED with a medical illness, and TnI levels at initial evaluation in the ED were ≥0.2 ng/mL. Patients diagnosed with ST elevation myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure were excluded. Coronary angiography, electrocardiogram, laboratory results, echocardiography, and clinical characteristics were analyzed.. Among the included 1441 patients, 603 and 838 patients were categorized into an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) group and non-acute coronary syndrome (non-ACS) group, respectively. The ratio of N-terminal pro-Btype natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) to TnI was significantly higher in the non-ACS group compared to the ACS group. The AUC of NT-proBNP/TnI (0.805, 95% CI, 0.784-0.826) was significantly superior to that of NT-proBNP/creatinine kinase-MB, TnI, and NT-proBNP. The patients of the non-ACS group with high levels of TnI and BNP showed more critically ill manifestation at the time of presentation and higher mortality.. NT-proBNP/TnI may help to distinguish medical patients with elevated TnI whether the elevated TnIs were caused from ACSs or from conditions other than ACS.

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Biomarkers; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Protein Precursors; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Troponin I

Mr-proANP is a biomarker produced in atrial and left ventricular myocardium. We investigated the effect of combined measurement of mr-proANP and high-sensitive cardiac Troponin I assay of the penultimate generation (s-cTnI) for an early type-1 and type-2 NSTE-ACS rule-out with emphasis on the very early presenters' subgroup with symptom onset time (SOT) ≤ 2 h.. This was a prospective cohort study of 311 consecutive patients admitted to ER with symptoms suggestive of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). All patients had baseline mr-proANP and s-cTnI measurements.. Of the total cohort, 17.6% (n = 55) had final diagnosis of NSTE-ACS: 9.6% (n = 30) had an angiographically-confirmed type-1 infarction and 8.0% (n = 25) had type-2 infarction. In the subgroup of very early presenters (SOT ≤ 2 h) the negative predictive value (NPV) of s-cTnI for type-1 NSTE-ACS was 96.7% (95%-CI: 87.5-99.4) and the NPV of mr-proANP was 100% (95%-CI: 87.1-100). The dual biomarker strategy yielded an NPV of 100% (95%-CI: 86.7-100). In the same time-related subgroup, the NPV of s-cTnI alone for type-2 was 98.3% (95%-CI: 89.8-99.9) and the NPV of mr-proANP was 97.0% (95%-CI: 82.5-100). The combination of biomarker increased the NPV to 100% (95%-CI: 86.7-100).. Our study demonstrated an immediate release pattern of mr-proANP in NSTE-ACS that may bridge the silent troponin time phenomenon when highest-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays are not used. This concept performed best in the very early presenters' subgroup with an excellent NPV of 100% and might result in an early rule-out of NSTE-ACS thus accelerating the diagnostic work-up.

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Biomarkers; Cohort Studies; Early Diagnosis; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Troponin I

The role of C2238/atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) minor allele, at the T2238C ANP gene variant, as a predisposing risk factor for acute cardiovascular events, has been previously reported. We aimed at evaluating, by a retrospective approach, the long-term impact of C2238/ANP-minor allele carrier status toward the risk of recurrent acute coronary syndromes (re-ACS) in an Italian cohort of ischemic heart disease patients.. A total of 379 patients (males = 80.5%; mean age = 62.5 ± 9.2 years) presenting with ACS were retrospectively analyzed. Mean follow-up was 5.1 ± 3.5 years (range 1-26 years). Occurrence of new episodes of unstable angina, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and STE myocardial infarction over the years was recorded and compared between subjects not carrying and carrying C2238/ANP-minor allele.. At univariate analysis, C2238/ANP-minor allele carrier status and treatment with beta-blocker, aspirin and statin were associated with risk of re-ACS. Multivariate analysis confirmed that hypercholesterolemia (P < 0.0001) and C2238/ANP-minor allele carrier status (P < 0.05) were both significantly and independently associated with increased risk of re-ACS. Both treatments with beta-blocker and with statin were significantly associated with reduced risk of re-ACS (P = 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). Age above 55 years was associated with recurrence of ACS in C2238/ANP-minor allele carriers (hazard ratio 1.427, 95% confidence interval 1.066-1.911, P = 0.017). Kaplan-Meier curves confirmed highest risk of new events occurrence in C2238/ANP-minor allele carriers (P = 0.035).. The present results demonstrate that C2238/ANP-minor allele carrier status is an independent risk factor for ACS recurrence in an Italian cohort of ischemic heart disease patients over the long term, and they support the role of C2238/ANP-minor allele as a negative prognostic factor in coronary artery disease patients.

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Alleles; Angina, Unstable; Aspirin; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Female; Humans; Italy; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Myocardial Infarction; Proportional Hazards Models; Recurrence; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors

Currently, there are no studies addressing the influence of age on the prognostic information of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in Asian population with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic performance of NT-proBNP in Chinese patients with ACS across different age groups. A total of 1512 ACS patients with venous blood NT-proBNP measured were enrolled. Patients were divided into tertiles based on their ages (<61, 61-71, ≥72 years). The median NT-proBNP concentrations in the three groups (T1-T3) were 406, 573, and 1288 pg/ml (p < 0.001), respectively. During a median follow-up of 23 months, 150 all-cause deaths occurred, and 88 (58.7 %) were attributed to cardiovascular cause. NT-proBNP levels are independently associated with mortality in each age group [1st group: HR 2.19 95 % CI (1.17-4.10); 2nd group: HR 1.82 95 % CI (1.04-3.20); 3rd group: HR 1.48 95 % CI (1.09-2.01), P interaction = 0.062]. NT-proBNP improves discrimination and reclassification for mortality beyond thrombolysis in myocardial infarction score in patients of all ages. The optimal NT-proBNP cutoff points for predicting mortality in three age groups are 1511, 2340, and 2883 pg/ml, respectively. In conclusion, NT-proBNP is a valuable biomarker in predicting long-term mortality and provides an improvement in discrimination and reclassification for prognosis in ACS patients of all ages.

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asian People; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Biomarkers; Chi-Square Distribution; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Protein Precursors; Risk Factors

In the present study, we investigated the prognostic value of MR-proANP (mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide). We consecutively evaluated a catheterization laboratory cohort of 2700 patients with symptomatic CAD (coronary artery disease) [74.1% male; ACS (acute coronary syndrome), n=1316; SAP (stable angina pectoris), n=1384] presenting to the Cardiology Department of a large primary care hospital, all of whom underwent coronary angiography. Serum MR-proANP and other laboratory markers were sampled at the time of presentation or in the catheterization laboratory. Clinical outcome was assessed by hospital chart analysis and telephone interviews. The primary end point was all-cause death at 3 months after enrolment. Follow-up data were complete in 2621 patients (97.1%). Using ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curves, the AUC (area under the curve) of 0.73 [95% CI (confidence interval), 0.67-0.79] for MR-proANP was significantly higher compared with 0.58 (95% CI, 0.55-0.62) for Tn-I (troponin-I; DeLong test, P=0.0024). According to ROC analysis, the optimal cut-off value of MR-proANP was at 236 pmol/l for all-cause death, which helped to find a significantly increased rate of all-cause death (n=76) at 3 months in patients with elevated baseline concentrations (≥236 pmol/l) compared with patients with a lower concentration level in Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (log rank, P<0.001). The predictive performance of MR-proANP was independent of other clinical variables or cardiovascular risk factors, and superior to that of Tn-I or other cardiac biomarkers (all: P<0.0001). MR-proANP may help in the prediction of all-cause death in patients with symptomatic CAD. Further studies should verify its prognostic value and confirm the appropriate cut-off value.

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angina, Stable; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Biomarkers; Coronary Artery Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Prognosis; ROC Curve; Survival Analysis; Troponin I

Compared to troponin alone, a dual-marker strategy with natriuretic peptides may improve acute coronary syndrome (ACS) diagnosis with a single blood draw and provide physiologic information regarding underlying heart disease. We evaluate the value of adding natriuretic peptides (myocyte stress markers) to troponins (myocardial injury markers) for diagnosing ACS in emergency department patients with chest pain.. In 328 patients (53 ± 12 years, 63% men) with an initially negative conventional troponin and nonischemic electrocardiogram who underwent 64-slice cardiac computed tomography (CT), we measured conventional troponin-T (cTnT), high-sensitivity troponin-T (hsTnT), N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide, and mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide. ACS was defined as myocardial infarction or unstable angina. CT was evaluated for coronary plaque, stenosis, and regional wall motion abnormality.. Patients with ACS (n = 29, 9%) had higher concentrations of each biomarker compared to those without (all P < .01). Adding natriuretic peptides, especially N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide, to both cTnT or hsTnT improved the C-statistics and net reclassification index for ACS, largely driven by correctly reclassifying events. Dual-negative marker results improved sensitivity (cTnT 38% to 83%-86%, hsTnT 59% to 86%-90%; all P < .01) and negative predictive value (cTnT 94% to 97%-98%, hsTnT 96% to 97%-98%) for ACS. Patients with dual-negative markers had the lowest percentage of CT coronary plaque, stenosis, and regional wall motion abnormality (all P-trend <.001).. Among emergency department patients with low-intermediate likelihood of ACS, combining natriuretic peptides with either conventional or highly-sensitive troponin improved discriminatory capacity and allowed for better reclassification of ACS, findings supported by structural and functional CT results.

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Adult; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Biomarkers; Chest Pain; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Natriuretic Peptides; Peptide Fragments; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Troponin T

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Americas; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Biomarkers; Dyspnea; Early Diagnosis; Emergency Service, Hospital; Europe; Heart Diseases; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Intensive Care Units; Japan; Myocardial Infarction; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Patient Discharge; Peptide Fragments; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Survival Rate; Troponin; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left

We assessed the long-term prognostic value of an easy-to-do multiple cardiac biomarkers score after a revascularized acute myocardial infarction (MI) in order to evaluate a multimarker approach to risk stratification, based on routine biomarkers.. Blood samples from 138 patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction and successfully treated by primary coronary intervention (with TIMI 3 flow) were subsequently tested for creatinin level at admittance and then BNP, hsCRP, troponin I from Day 0 to day 7. The primary endpoint was a clinical evaluation comprising: new hospitalization for cardiac reasons, acute coronary events (acute coronary syndrome), and death.. During the median follow-up period of 11.01 months [9.44-12.59], 47 events were recorded. All the following markers were able to predict events: creatinemia on admission (p=0.0057), CRP on day 3 (p, troponin I on day 1 (p<0.001), BNP (p<0.0001) and biological multimarker score (p<0.0001). Clinical events were predicted with a hazard ratio (HR) of respectively 3.30 [2.88-12.30] in BNP Q4 as compared to the three lower quartiles (Q1-3), and 3.15 [2.75-21.00] for the Multimarker approach. The multimarker score was not significantly better than BNP on day 1 alone (p=0.77), troponin on day 1 alone (p=0.43), creatininemia on admission (p=0.19) or CRPhs on day 3 alone (p=0.054). Nevertheless, the Multimarker approach leads to the selection of a smaller, hence more manageable, high-risk population (13% versus 25%).. Among 138 subjects admitted for acute MI, and all successfully revascularized, a routinely multimarker approach with BNP, hsCRP, creatininemia, troponin I, is feasible. BNP is the most powerful marker, and this multimarker approach renders additional prognostic information helping to identify patients with high-risk to clinical events.

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Confidence Intervals; Creatinine; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Prospective Studies; Stroke Volume; Time Factors; Troponin I

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Biomarkers; Humans; Myocardial Infarction; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Peptide Fragments; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors