atosiban and Acute-Disease

To compare the efficacy and safety of atosiban with those of ritodrine in preterm labour.. Multicentre, single-blind, randomised, controlled trial.. Obstetric units in six referral centres in Korea.. Women with singleton pregnancies with preterm labour, between 24 and 33 + 6 weeks of gestation.. One hundred and twenty-eight women were randomised to receive intravenous atosiban (n= 63) or ritodrine (n= 65) and were stratified by gestational age (<28 weeks and >or=28 weeks). Atosiban or ritodrine was administered for up to 48 hours. Progression of labour was assessed by the frequency of contractions and cervical dilatation and effacement. Alternative tocolysis could be given as rescue therapy.. Efficacy was assessed as the proportion of women in each group who did not deliver and did not need alternative tocolytic therapy at 48 hours and 7 days after therapy initiation. Safety was assessed as the numbers of maternal adverse events and neonatal morbidity.. Tocolytic efficacy after 7 days was significantly better in the atosiban group than in the ritodrine group (60.3 versus 34.9%), but not at 48 hours (68.3 versus 58.7%). Maternal adverse events related to therapy were reported less frequently in the atosiban group (7.9 vs 70.8%; P= 0.0001), resulting in fewer early drug terminations due to adverse events (0 versus 20.0%; P= 0.0001). This, however, was not accompanied by a concurrent improvement in perinatal outcomes.. The efficacy and safety of atosiban in the treatment of preterm labour were superior to those of ritodrine.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Maternal Age; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Pregnancy; Ritodrine; Single-Blind Method; Tocolytic Agents; Treatment Outcome; Vasotocin

The effect of oxytocin (1 mg/kg s.c) on gastric acid secretion and on different experimentally induced gastric and duodenal ulcers was studied. The acute gastric ulcer models used were pylorus ligation, indomethacin, ethanol and histamine induced acute gastric ulcers. Chronic gastric ulcers were induced using acetic acid and duodenal ulcers by cysteamine hydrochloride. Oxytocin showed significant antisecretory and antiulcer activity in pylorus ligated rats. Similarly oxytocin reduced the ulcer index in histamine induced gastric ulcers in guinea pigs and cysteamine induced duodenal ulcers in rats. The antiulcer and antisecretory effect was comparable to that of ranitidine (50mg/kg, i.p) though less in intensity. However, it did not show any gastric cytoprotective effect in ethanol and indomethacin induced ulcer models but ranitidine showed protection (p<0.05) in later model. Oxytocin enhanced gastric ulcer healing in acetic acid induced chronic gastric ulcer model. The reversal of oxytocin effect by atosiban, an oxytocin receptor antagonist indicates a role for oxytocin receptors. The antiulcer activity of oxytocin can be attributed to its antisecretory effect.

Topics: Acetic Acid; Acute Disease; Animals; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Chronic Disease; Cysteamine; Disease Models, Animal; Duodenal Ulcer; Duodenum; Ethanol; Female; Gastric Acid; Gastric Mucosa; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Indomethacin; Male; Oxytocin; Pylorus; Ranitidine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Stomach; Stomach Ulcer; Vasotocin