astaxanthine and Ototoxicity

Aminoglycoside antibiotics are used for treating certain acute infections. However, these drugs cause ototoxicity by inducing inner ear hair cell death.. We investigated the protective effect of a nanoemulsion of the carotenoid astaxanthin on mammalian inner ear hair cells against neomycin-induced ototoxicity.. Dose-response relationship, quantification of hair cell loss, and reactive oxygen species production were assayed in response to neomycin with and without astaxanthin in cultured utricles of CBA/N mice. In addition, auditory brain response (ABR) and hair cell loss after exposure to the nanoformulation and loud noise were examined in vivo in guinea pigs.. Astaxanthin suppressed neomycin-induced reduction of hair cells by reducing the production of hydroxy radicals. Furthermore, hair cell loss in the second rotation of the cochlea was significantly lower in the astaxanthin group than in the noise-only group.. The blood-labyrinth barrier limits the successful delivery of drugs for inner ear complications. However, in the nanoemulsion form, astaxanthin can penetrate the round window (fenestra ovale) membrane, enabling topical administration. Thus, astaxanthin nanoemulsion could be useful in treating ototoxicity in individuals with inner ear complications.

Topics: Alopecia; Animals; Ear, Inner; Guinea Pigs; Mammals; Mice; Mice, Inbred CBA; Neomycin; Ototoxicity

Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity is related to oxidative stress. Astaxanthin is one of the most powerful antioxidants in nature.. To investigate the protective effect of astaxanthin on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.. Thirty-five Sprague Dawley female rats were divided into 5 groups: control, cisplatin, and cisplatin with 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg astaxanthin groups. Cisplatin group received a single intraperitoneal injection of 14 mg/kg cisplatin. While saline was administered in the control group, in the other 3 groups, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg daily doses of astaxanthin were administered through orogastric cannula before administration of cisplatin. Baseline and 10th day otoacoustic emission tests were administered. An intracardiac blood sample was taken to measure total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and the cochleas of the animals were investigated histopathologically.. Hearing level of astaxanthin 40 mg/kg + cisplatin group was higher at 24 kHz and 32 kHz frequencies compared to the cisplatin group. The TAC value of the cisplatin group was lower than both the control and astaxanthin + cisplatin groups (. Astaxanthin showed protective effect at high frequencies when it was administered at high dose. Thus, astaxanthin may have protective effect against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cisplatin; Cochlea; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous; Ototoxicity; Oxidative Stress; Protective Agents; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Xanthophylls

Promising studies have been conducted with many substances to reduce the ototoxic effects of cisplatin, but there is no treatment that completely eliminates the ototoxic effect.. To determine the effectiveness of astaxanthin (ASX) as a protective agent against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.. Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. Group 1 received no drug injections except for anesthetics; group 2 received intraperitoneal (IP) olive oil only for 8 days; group 3 received only IP ASX 75 mg/kg dissolved in olive oil for 8 days; group 4 received a single dose of only IP 16 mg/kg cisplatin on the 5th day; group 5 received 25 mg/kg ASX IP daily for 8 days and a single 16 mg/kg dose of cisplatin on the 5th day; group 6 received 75 mg/kg ASX IP daily for 8 days and a single 16 mg/kg dose of cisplatin on the 5th day. The animals were tested for distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) before and 3 days after cisplatin treatment. The animals in all groups were sacrificed under anesthesia on the 10th day. Before sacrifice, inferior vena cava blood samples were drawn into commercial tubes for biochemical analysis and their cochlea were prepared for histological analysis.. The ASX+cisplatin groups demonstrated significantly higher DPOAE thresholds when compared to the cisplatin-only group (p < 0.05). The ASX 25 mg/kg/day+cisplatin group showed a significant increase in total antioxidant capacity compared to the cisplatin-only group, whereas the ASX 75 mg/kg/day+cisplatin group had significantly lower total oxidative stress and oxidative stress index. Histologic results showed that the cortical organ was better preserved in the ASX+cisplatin groups compared to the cisplatin-only group, and the degeneration in the spiral ganglion and inner and outer hair cells was less visible in the ASX groups.. Astaxanthin can protect hearing from cisplatin-induced ototoxicity, prevent cellular degeneration and significantly reduce oxidative stress.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cisplatin; Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous; Ototoxicity; Rats; Xanthophylls