aspirin and Ischemic Stroke studies

Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5)
acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.
acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.

Ischemic Stroke: Stroke due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA resulting in interruption or reduction of blood flow to a part of the brain. When obstruction is due to a BLOOD CLOT formed within in a cerebral blood vessel it is a thrombotic stroke. When obstruction is formed elsewhere and moved to block a cerebral blood vessel (see CEREBRAL EMBOLISM) it is referred to as embolic stroke. Wake-up stroke refers to ischemic stroke occurring during sleep while cryptogenic stroke refers to ischemic stroke of unknown origin.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"We compared the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke, vascular events, and major bleeding between DAPT with cilostazol plus aspirin or clopidogrel and aspirin or clopidogrel alone in patients with ischemic stroke between 8 and 180 days before starting trial treatment and ECAS or without arterial stenosis."	9.69	Dual antiplatelet therapy with cilostazol in stroke patients with extracranial arterial stenosis or without arterial stenosis: A subgroup analysis of the CSPS.com trial. ( Hoshino, H; Kimura, K; Kitagawa, K; Minematsu, K; Okamura, S; Omae, K; Toyoda, K; Uchiyama, S; Yamaguchi, T, 2023)
"This trial investigates the efficacy and safety of tirofiban compared with aspirin for acute ischemic stroke within 24 h after symptom onset."	9.69	RESCUE BT 2, a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy trial of intravenous tirofiban in acute ischemic stroke: Study rationale and design. ( Hu, J; Huang, J; Kong, W; Li, F; Li, L; Liu, S; Luo, W; Nogueira, RG; Qiu, Z; Sang, H; Saver, JL; Song, J; Tian, Y; Yang, J; Yang, Q; Zi, W, 2023)
" Its efficacy may exceed aspirin in improving clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke who are ineligible for rt-PA."	9.69	A randomized pilot study of the efficacy and safety of loading ticagrelor in acute ischemic stroke. ( Aref, HM; El-Khawas, H; Elbassiouny, A; Roushdy, TM; Shokri, HM; Zeinhom, MG, 2023)
"Low-dose intravenous tirofiban is superior to intravenous aspirin in avoiding in-stent thrombosis in patients undergoing MT plus carotid stenting in the setting of AIS due to TL."	9.69	Safety and efficacy of tirofiban in acute ischemic stroke due to tandem lesions undergoing mechanical thrombectomy: A multicenter randomized clinical trial (ATILA) protocol. ( Aguilar-Pérez, M; Ainz-Gómez, L; Amaya Pascasio, L; Baena-Palomino, P; Bravo Rey, I; Cabezas-Rodríguez, JA; Castellanos Rodrigo, MDM; de Albóniga-Chindurza, A; Delgado-Acosta, F; Díaz Pérez, J; Escudero-Martínez, I; Fernandez Prudencio, L; Freijo Guerrero, MDM; Gamero-García, MÁ; González Díaz, E; González García, A; Hidalgo, C; Jiménez Jorge, S; Jiménez-Gómez, E; Medina-Rodríguez, M; Moniche, F; Montaner, J; Morales Caba, L; Mosteiro, S; Ortega-Quintanilla, J; Oteros Fernández, R; Pardo-Galiana, B; Ramirez Moreno, JM; Rosso Fernández, C; Sanz-Fernandez, G; Vielba-Gomez, I; Zamora, A; Zapata-Arriaza, E, 2023)
"Aspirin is recommended for secondary stroke prevention in patients with moderate-to-severe ischaemic stroke but can lead to gastrointestinal intolerance and bleeding."	9.69	Indobufen versus aspirin in patients with acute ischaemic stroke in China (INSURE): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, active control, non-inferiority trial. ( Bath, PM; Dong, Q; Feng, Y; Huang, X; Jiang, Y; Jin, A; Jing, J; Johnston, SC; Li, H; Li, X; Li, Z; Lin, J; Liu, B; Liu, L; Liu, Q; Meng, X; Pan, Y; Suo, Y; Wang, Y; Xie, X; Xiong, Y; Xu, A; Yang, H; Yuan, B; Zhao, J; Zhao, X; Zhou, Y; Zhu, H, 2023)
"The Clopidogrel With Aspirin in High-Risk Patients With Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events II (CHANCE-2) trial showed that ticagrelor-aspirin combination therapy reduced the risk of stroke compared with a clopidogrel-aspirin combination among carriers of CYP2C19 loss-of-function (LOF) alleles after a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor ischemic stroke."	9.69	Association of CYP2C19 Loss-of-Function Metabolizer Status With Stroke Risk Among Chinese Patients Treated With Ticagrelor-Aspirin vs Clopidogrel-Aspirin: A Prespecified Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Bath, PM; Jiang, Y; Jing, J; Johnston, SC; Li, H; Li, Z; Lin, J; Liu, L; Meng, X; Pan, Y; Wang, A; Wang, Y; Xie, X; Xu, A; Xu, Q; Zhao, X, 2023)
"In this secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial involving patients with minor ischemic stroke or TIA, compared with clopidogrel-ASA, patients with obesity received more clinical benefit from ticagrelor-ASA therapy than those without obesity."	9.69	Impact of body mass index on efficacy and safety of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with minor stroke or transient ischemic attack. ( Jiang, Y; Jing, J; Li, H; Li, Z; Lin, J; Liu, L; Meng, X; Tian, X; Wang, A; Wang, Y; Xie, X; Zhang, J; Zhao, X, 2023)
"To establish the risks of ischemic stroke and intracranial bleeding among healthy older people receiving daily low-dose aspirin."	9.69	Low-Dose Aspirin and the Risk of Stroke and Intracerebral Bleeding in Healthy Older People: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Cloud, GC; Donnan, GA; Eaton, CB; Fitzgerald, SM; Lockery, J; McNeil, JJ; Murray, AM; Nelson, MR; Newman, AB; Reid, CM; Shah, RC; Thao, LTP; Tran, C; Williamson, JD; Wolfe, R; Woods, RL, 2023)
"The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of gradual dipyridamole titration and the incidence of dipyridamole-induced headache in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)."	9.51	Effects of Dose Titration on Dipyridamole-Induced Headache: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. ( Cha, JK; Chang, DI; Chang, JY; Chung, JW; Hong, KS; Jung, KH; Kang, MK; Kim, BK; Kim, HY; Lee, KY; Lee, SJ; Park, JM; Park, MS; Rha, JH; Shin, DI; Yoon, BW, 2022)
"In the Platelet-Oriented Inhibition in New TIA and Minor Ischemic Stroke (POINT) trial, acute treatment with clopidogrel-aspirin was associated with significantly reduced risk of recurrent stroke."	9.51	Infarct on Brain Imaging, Subsequent Ischemic Stroke, and Clopidogrel-Aspirin Efficacy: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. ( de Havenon, A; Easton, JD; Henninger, N; Johnston, SC; Kim, AS; Kvernland, A; Liberman, AL; Mac Grory, B; Rostanski, SK; Yaghi, S, 2022)
"In this prospective cohort study, we randomly assigned patients with PFO who had a cryptogenic stroke, in a 1:1 ratio, to dabigatran or aspirin group."	9.51	Dabigatran versus aspirin for stroke prevention after cryptogenic stroke with patent foramen ovale: A prospective study. ( Cai, D; Chen, S; He, J; Huang, P; Lai, Y; Sun, H; Wu, Q; Zhou, L, 2022)
"To test whether indobufen is non-inferior to aspirin in reducing the risk of new stroke at 3 months in patients with moderate to severe ischaemic stroke."	9.51	Indobufen versus aspirin in acute ischaemic stroke (INSURE): rationale and design of a multicentre randomised trial. ( Bath, PM; Chen, W; Dong, Q; Jiang, Y; Jing, J; Johnston, SC; Li, H; Lin, J; Meng, X; Pan, Y; Wang, Y; Xu, AD, 2022)
"This trial will investigate the efficacy and safety of lumbrokinase plus aspirin as compared to aspirin alone in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke."	9.51	Efficacy and safety of lumbrokinase plus aspirin versus aspirin alone for acute ischemic stroke (LUCENT): study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial. ( Chen, Y; Dai, H; Liu, Y; Shang, H; Yang, B; Zhang, J; Zhang, X; Zhou, K, 2022)
"Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with ticagrelor and aspirin has been found to be effective for secondary prevention after minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) in individuals who carry CYP2C19 loss-of-function (LOF) alleles; however, uncertainties remain about the time course of benefit and risk with ticagrelor and aspirin in these patients."	9.51	Time Course for Benefit and Risk With Ticagrelor and Aspirin in Individuals With Acute Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Who Carry CYP2C19 Loss-of-Function Alleles: A Secondary Analysis of the CHANCE-2 Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Bath, PM; Cheng, J; Jiang, Y; Jin, A; Jing, J; Johnston, SC; Li, H; Li, Z; Lin, J; Liu, L; Meng, X; Pan, Y; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Xie, X; Yang, H; Zhao, X, 2022)
"In patients with acute mild-moderate ischemic stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack, the THALES trial (Acute Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Treated With Ticagrelor and Aspirin for Prevention of Stroke and Death) demonstrated that when added to aspirin, ticagrelor reduced stroke or death but increased risk of severe hemorrhage compared with placebo."	9.41	Ischemic Benefit and Hemorrhage Risk of Ticagrelor-Aspirin Versus Aspirin in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack. ( Amarenco, P; Aunes, M; Denison, H; Evans, SR; Himmelmann, A; Jahreskog, M; James, S; Johnston, SC; Knutsson, M; Ladenvall, P; Molina, CA; Nylander, S; Röther, J; Wang, Y, 2021)
"Ticagrelor is slightly better than clopidogrel and aspirin in preventing stroke, especially ischemic stroke, with significant safety risks."	9.41	Efficacy and Safety of Ticagrelor versus Aspirin and Clopidogrel for Stroke Prevention in Patients with Vascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ( Chen, Y; Li, D; Liu, S; Ma, X; Zhong, P, 2023)
"Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and clopidogrel was recommended as the secondary prevention of minor ischemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA)."	9.41	Ticagrelor plus aspirin in patients with minor ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack: a network meta-analysis. ( Ge, F; Li, M; Lin, H; Shi, J; Yang, Q; Zhang, X, 2023)
"Tirofiban can be used to treat patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tirofiban combined with heparin in the treatment of mild to moderate AIS."	9.41	Tirofiban combined with heparin's effect and safety in the treatment of mild to moderate acute ischemic stroke. ( Chen, M; Dai, X; Deng, X; Fu, S; Gong, Q; He, W; Huang, L; Li, C; Luo, Q; Qiu, T; Wang, J; Wang, M; Xiao, H, 2021)
"To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor plus aspirin in patients with moderate ischemic stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score of 4 to 5)."	9.41	Efficacy and Safety of Ticagrelor and Aspirin in Patients With Moderate Ischemic Stroke: An Exploratory Analysis of the THALES Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Amarenco, P; Birve, F; Denison, H; Evans, SR; Himmelmann, A; James, S; Johnston, SC; Ladenvall, P; Li, H; Molina, CA; Pan, Y; Wang, Y, 2021)
"Clopidogrel and aspirin are key intervention for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and transient ischemic attack (TIA)."	9.41	Personalized antiplatelet therapy based on clopidogrel/aspirin resistance tests in acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack: Study protocol of a multi-center, single-blinded and randomized controlled trial. ( Chen, J; Gao, P; Han, M; Jia, W; Kuang, J; Peng, C; Starcevich, K; Tu, J; Wang, J; Wu, Y; Yi, Y; Yin, S; Zhang, X, 2021)
"Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with clopidogrel and aspirin is effective in preventing recurrent strokes after minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)."	9.22	Comparison of Ticagrelor vs Clopidogrel in Addition to Aspirin in Patients With Minor Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Network Meta-analysis. ( Dhaliwal, S; Dowlatshahi, D; Hutton, B; Lun, R; Roy, DC; Zitikyte, G, 2022)
"To evaluate the difference between low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and aspirin in preventing early neurological deterioration (END) and recurrent ischemic stroke (RIS), post-recovery independence, and safety outcomes in acute ischemic stroke."	9.22	Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Versus Aspirin in Early Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ( Liu, Z; Tian, M; Wang, Z; Xia, H; Zhou, Z, 2022)
"This systematic review aimed to compare early use of P2Y12 inhibitors (clopidogrel/ticagrelor) plus aspirin to aspirin alone for acute treatment and secondary prevention in acute non-cardioembolic minor ischemic stroke or TIA."	9.22	P2Y12 inhibitors plus aspirin for acute treatment and secondary prevention in minor stroke and high-risk transient ischemic attack: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Bellesini, M; Galli, E; Maroni, L; Pomero, F; Squizzato, A, 2022)
"P2Y12 receptor inhibitor plus aspirin vs aspirin given within 24 h after acute noncardioembolic ischemic stroke or TIA reduces the risk of subsequent stroke."	9.22	P2Y12 receptor inhibitor plus aspirin versus aspirin treated within 24 hours of acute noncardioembolic ischemic stroke or TIA: Meta-analysis. ( Huang, WY; Lee, M; Ovbiagele, B, 2022)
"gov databases, main international conference proceedings were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing DAPT versus aspirin monotherapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke or TIA not eligible for thrombolysis or thrombectomy presenting in the first 24 hours after the acute event."	9.12	Clinical Effects of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy or Aspirin Monotherapy after Acute Minor Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack, a Meta-Analysis. ( Condello, F; Ferrante, G; Liccardo, G, 2021)
"To evaluate the effect of using acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) together with lansoprazole in the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke."	8.31	Does proton pump inhibitor reduce the antiaggregant efficacy of aspirin in ischemic stroke? ( Dora, B; Özdem, S; Özel, T; Ünal, A, 2023)
"A retrospective analysis was performed on 75 patients with cancer and mild to moderate ischemic stroke, 34 of whom received tirofiban treatment and 41 aspirin treatment."	8.31	Tirofiban in the treatment of cancer-associated ischemic stroke. ( Lin, ZH; Zhang, ZM; Zhu, GL, 2023)
"Every year, there is a large number of people take aspirin and atorvastatin to prevent ischemic stroke, but the effect of these drugs on gut microbiota remains unknown."	8.31	Effects of long-term regular oral aspirin combined with atorvastatin to prevent ischemic stroke on human gut microbiota. ( Chen, C; Chen, G; Cui, J; Liao, Y; Ming, J; Song, W; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Xu, K, 2023)
" Patients with diagnosis codes for ischemic stroke without cardiac disease were included and divided into two groups, those receiving cilostazol and those receiving clopidogrel."	8.31	Long-term effectiveness and safety of cilostazol versus clopidogrel in secondary prevention of noncardioembolic ischemic stroke. ( Je, NK; Lee, YJ, 2023)
"In AMI patients with a history of acute ischemic stroke, the risks of cardiovascular events were comparable between ticagrelor plus aspirin and clopidogrel plus aspirin."	8.31	Ticagrelor vs Clopidogrel in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients With a History of Ischemic Stroke. ( Huang, HY; Katz, AJ; Lin, FJ; Lin, SY; Wang, CC; Wu, CH, 2023)
"Among patients with TIA or mild ischemic stroke, the combination of cinnamon and aspirin could be superior to aspirin alone for reducing the risk of 90-day recurrent stroke."	8.12	Cinnamon and Aspirin for Mild Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Pilot Trial. ( Fan, Y; He, P; He, Z; Li, Z; Liang, J; Wu, Y; Zhang, L, 2022)
"The goal of this work was to investigate the short-term time-course benefit and risk of ticagrelor with aspirin in acute mild-moderate ischemic stroke or high-risk TIA in The Acute Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Treated with Ticagrelor and ASA for Prevention of Stroke and Death (THALES) trial."	8.12	Time Course for Benefit and Risk of Ticagrelor and Aspirin in Acute Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack. ( Amarenco, P; Denison, H; Evans, SR; Himmelmann, A; James, S; Johnston, SC; Knutsson, M; Ladenvall, P; Li, H; Molina, CA; Pan, Y; Wang, Y, 2022)
"Among the 3456 patients included, a total of 10 patients in the Clopidogrel Discontinuation Group and 11 patients in the non-Clopidogrel Discontinuation Group presented ischemic stroke recurrence during the 90-180-day period."	8.12	No rebound effect after a course of clopidogrel in patients with acute TIA or minor stroke. ( Jing, J; Johnston, SC; Liu, L; Meng, X; Pan, Y; Wang, A; Wang, D; Wang, Y; Zhang, X; Zhao, X, 2022)
"Bleeding is the most common adverse reaction to aspirin and can lead to drug discontinuation or even be life-threatening in the secondary prevention of stroke or transient ischemic attack."	8.12	Effect of body weight on bleeding events of aspirin in ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack patients. ( Cheng, J; Deng, X; Li, H; Ma, Y; Shi, T; Wang, X; Wu, Y; Zhang, Z; Zhu, Q, 2022)
" Patients aged 80 years or older who received monotherapy with clopidogrel or aspirin following hospitalization for primary acute ischemic stroke between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2018, were included."	8.12	Effectiveness and Safety of Clopidogrel vs Aspirin in Elderly Patients With Ischemic Stroke. ( Huang, HY; Katz, AJ; Lin, FJ; Lin, SY; Sheu, JJ; Wang, CC; Wu, CH, 2022)
"This prospective, observational study assessed TIA/ischaemic stroke patients before (baseline; N = 60), at 14 ±7 days (14d, N = 39) and ≥ 90 days (90d, N = 31) after adding dipyridamole to aspirin."	8.12	Assessment of on-treatment platelet reactivity at high and low shear stress and platelet activation status after the addition of dipyridamole to aspirin in the early and late phases after TIA and ischaemic stroke. ( Collins, DR; Coughlan, T; Cox, D; Egan, B; Lim, ST; Lim, SY; McCabe, DJH; McCarthy, AJ; Murphy, SJX; Murphy, SM; O'Neill, D; Smith, DR; Tierney, S, 2022)
"Uncertainty remains regarding the impact of enteric-coated aspirin (EC-ASA) on secondary prevention of ischemic stroke compared to plain aspirin (P-ASA)."	8.12	The impact of enteric coating of aspirin on aspirin responsiveness in patients with suspected or newly diagnosed ischemic stroke: prospective cohort study: results from the (ECASIS) study. ( Abdallah, IM; Abdelmoneim, MS; Akhtar, N; Ali, M; Alsaud, AE; Ayadathil, R; Chandra, P; Danjuma, MI; Elshafei, MN; Imam, Y; Mohamed, MFH; Mohammed, S; Obeidat, K; Parray, A; Saeid, R, 2022)
"Many older patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke were already taking aspirin before admission."	8.02	Antithrombotic Therapy for Stroke Prevention in Patients With Ischemic Stroke With Aspirin Treatment Failure. ( Bhatt, DL; Fonarow, GC; Lusk, JB; Matsouaka, R; Peterson, ED; Schwamm, LH; Smith, EE; Xian, Y; Xu, H, 2021)
"We recruited 293 ischemic stroke patients, taking aspirin for more than seven days, and performed LTA to classify them."	8.02	Serum thromboxane B2 but not soluble P-selectin levels identify ischemic stroke patients with persistent platelet reactivity while on aspirin therapy. ( Chandra, SR; Christopher, R; Ramanujam, N; Sundaravadivel, P, 2021)
"Patients with ischemic stroke receiving aspirin (100 mg/day) for three months were recruited for a multicenter, prospective, cohort study."	8.02	Safety and efficacy of low-dose aspirin in ischemic stroke patients with different G6PD conditions. ( Chen, Y; Deng, W; Huang, W; Jiang, H; Li, J; Liang, Z; Liu, Q; Ou, Z; Ouyang, F; Wu, Z; Xing, S; Zeng, J; Zhang, Y, 2021)
" Here we assessed the contribution of clopidogrel versus aspirin to the development of pneumonia during an acute ischemic stroke admission."	8.02	Clopidogrel increases risk of pneumonia compared with aspirin in acute ischemic minor stroke patients. ( Feng, Q; Fu, J; Jin, X; Shan, B; Shen, R; Yu, Z; Zhou, H; Zhu, H, 2021)
"Background Because of a nonresponse to aspirin (aspirin resistance), patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are at increased risk of developing recurrent event."	8.02	Low miR-19b-1-5p Expression Is Related to Aspirin Resistance and Major Adverse Cardio- Cerebrovascular Events in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome. ( Chan, MY; Creemers, EE; de Ronde, MWJ; Hwee Tan, S; Mark Richards, A; Meijering, R; Pinto-Sietsma, SJ; Singh, S; Tang Chin, C; Troughton, RW; Van der Made, I; Yan, BP; Yean Yip Fong, A, 2021)
"This study assessed the efficacy and safety of tirofiban in combination with dual-antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in progressive ischemic stroke."	8.02	Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Tirofiban in Combination With Dual-antiplatelet Therapy in Progressive Ischemic Stroke Patients. ( Chang, W; Li, L; Lin, F; Liu, H; Yin, J; Zhang, H; Zhao, Y, 2021)
"In total, 279 patients (40 G6PD-deficient and 239 G6PD-normal) with acute ischemic stroke treated with aspirin 100 mg/day from a cohort study were examined."	8.02	Association between aspirin-induced hemoglobin decline and outcome after acute ischemic stroke in G6PD-deficient patients. ( Chen, Y; Deng, W; Huang, W; Li, J; Liang, Z; Ou, Z; Ouyang, F; Xing, S; Yu, J; Zeng, J; Zhang, Y, 2021)
"In this observational analysis of patients with atrial fibrillation and flutter, the concomitant use of direct oral anticoagulants and aspirin was associated with an increased risk of both major adverse cardiac and bleeding events when compared to the use of direct oral anticoagulants alone."	7.96	Concomitant use of direct oral anticoagulants and aspirin versus direct oral anticoagulants alone in atrial fibrillation and flutter: a retrospective cohort. ( George, J; Hafeez, A; Halalau, A; Keeney, S; Matka, M; Said, A, 2020)
"The current study compared the efficacy and safety of clopidogrel vs aspirin in the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke (IS)."	7.96	Efficacy and safety of clopidogrel and aspirin do not differ in patients with stable ischemic stroke. ( Chi, NF; Chien, LN; Chiou, HY; Liu, HY, 2020)
"The patients with high body weight, the CYP2C19 phenotypes, and P2Y12 receptor (52 G >T) variant alleles are at risk of CR during clopidogrel treatment in Chinese IS patients with aspirin intolerance."	7.96	Body weight, CYP2C19, and P2Y12 receptor polymorphisms relate to clopidogrel resistance in a cohort of Chinese ischemic stroke patients with aspirin intolerance. ( Dong, W; He, X; Hu, H; Kong, Y; Li, Y; Li, Z; Sun, L; Wang, C; Wang, Y; Yang, D; Zhang, J; Zhao, M, 2020)
"This study compared the effectiveness of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with clopidogrel-aspirin with that of aspirin monotherapy (AM) in mild-to-moderate acute ischemic stroke considering the risk of recurrent stroke using the Stroke Prognosis Instrument II (SPI-II) score."	7.96	Comparative Effectiveness of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Aspirin and Clopidogrel Versus Aspirin Monotherapy in Mild-to-Moderate Acute Ischemic Stroke According to the Risk of Recurrent Stroke: An Analysis of 15 000 Patients From a Nationwide, Multicent ( Bae, HJ; Cha, JK; Cho, KH; Cho, YJ; Choi, JC; Choi, KH; Hong, JH; Hong, KS; Kang, K; Kim, BJ; Kim, DE; Kim, DH; Kim, JG; Kim, JT; Kim, WJ; Kwon, JH; Lee, BC; Lee, HL; Lee, J; Lee, JS; Lee, KB; Lee, SJ; Park, HK; Park, JM; Park, MS; Park, SS; Park, TH; Ryu, WS; Shin, DI; Sohn, SI; Sun Oh, M; Yu, KH, 2020)
" Our aim was to test the hypothesis that apixaban enhances endogenous fibrinolysis in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF)."	7.91	Apixaban enhances endogenous fibrinolysis in patients with atrial fibrillation. ( Arachchillage, DRJ; Farag, M; Gorog, DA; Gue, Y; Lip, GYH; Spinthakis, N; Srinivasan, M; Wellsted, D, 2019)
"We recruited 131 patients with minor ischaemic stroke, within less than 7 days of stroke onset and a CYP2C19 loss-of-function allele, who had moderate-to-severe cerebral artery stenosis."	6.94	Effectiveness and safety of high dose clopidogrel plus aspirin in ischemic stroke patients with the single CYP2C19 loss-of-function allele: a randomized trial. ( Chen, Q; Chu, W; Dong, M; Dou, L; Gao, B; Li, B; Li, J; Liu, C; Pan, Y; Song, H; Song, L; Wu, H, 2020)
"Patients with minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack represent a high-risk population for recurrent stroke."	6.72	Ticagrelor vs Clopidogrel in addition to Aspirin in minor ischemic stroke/ transient ischemic attack-Protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis. ( Dhaliwal, S; Dowlatshahi, D; Hutton, B; Lun, R; Roy, DC; Shorr, R; Zitikyte, G, 2021)
"Main outcomes were stroke recurrence and major bleeding."	6.66	Aspirin or anticoagulation after cryptogenic stroke with patent foramen ovale: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( Calabresi, P; Cupini, LM; Eusebi, P; Giannandrea, D; Ricci, S; Romoli, M, 2020)
"We compared the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke, vascular events, and major bleeding between DAPT with cilostazol plus aspirin or clopidogrel and aspirin or clopidogrel alone in patients with ischemic stroke between 8 and 180 days before starting trial treatment and ECAS or without arterial stenosis."	5.69	Dual antiplatelet therapy with cilostazol in stroke patients with extracranial arterial stenosis or without arterial stenosis: A subgroup analysis of the CSPS.com trial. ( Hoshino, H; Kimura, K; Kitagawa, K; Minematsu, K; Okamura, S; Omae, K; Toyoda, K; Uchiyama, S; Yamaguchi, T, 2023)
"This trial investigates the efficacy and safety of tirofiban compared with aspirin for acute ischemic stroke within 24 h after symptom onset."	5.69	RESCUE BT 2, a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy trial of intravenous tirofiban in acute ischemic stroke: Study rationale and design. ( Hu, J; Huang, J; Kong, W; Li, F; Li, L; Liu, S; Luo, W; Nogueira, RG; Qiu, Z; Sang, H; Saver, JL; Song, J; Tian, Y; Yang, J; Yang, Q; Zi, W, 2023)
"In Chinese patients with negative cardiac troponin undergoing drug-eluting stent implantation, indobufen plus clopidogrel DAPT compared with aspirin plus clopidogrel DAPT significantly reduced the risk of 1-year net clinical outcomes, which was driven mainly by a reduction in bleeding events without an increase in ischemic events."	5.69	Indobufen or Aspirin on Top of Clopidogrel After Coronary Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation (OPTION): A Randomized, Open-Label, End Point-Blinded, Noninferiority Trial. ( Chen, M; Cheng, K; Ge, J; Huang, J; Lan, J; Li, G; Qian, J; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Wei, G; Wu, H; Xu, L; Zhang, C; Zhang, H; Zhao, X, 2023)
" Its efficacy may exceed aspirin in improving clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke who are ineligible for rt-PA."	5.69	A randomized pilot study of the efficacy and safety of loading ticagrelor in acute ischemic stroke. ( Aref, HM; El-Khawas, H; Elbassiouny, A; Roushdy, TM; Shokri, HM; Zeinhom, MG, 2023)
"In this pilot study, there were no significant differences in any outcome assessed; however, recurrent thromboembolic events and minor bleeding events occurred numerically less frequently in the rivaroxaban plus aspirin group."	5.69	Rivaroxaban plus aspirin versus acenocoumarol to manage recurrent venous thromboembolic events despite systemic anticoagulation with rivaroxaban. ( Erika, MH; Jaime, GC; Maximiliano, CL, 2023)
"The optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with clopidogrel-aspirin for the large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke subtype has been debated."	5.69	Dual antiplatelet Use for extended period taRgeted to AcuTe ischemic stroke with presumed atherosclerotic OrigiN (DURATION) trial: Rationale and design. ( Bae, HJ; Cha, JK; Cho, KH; Cho, YJ; Choi, JC; Choi, JK; Choi, KH; Gorelick, PB; Gwak, DS; Han, MK; Hong, JH; Hong, KS; Jeong, HB; Kang, CH; Kang, J; Kang, K; Kim, BJ; Kim, C; Kim, DE; Kim, DH; Kim, JG; Kim, JT; Kim, JY; Kim, WJ; Kim, YS; Kwon, DH; Kwon, JH; Lee, BC; Lee, J; Lee, K; Lee, M; Lee, SH; Lee, SJ; Norrving, B; Oh, MS; Park, H; Park, HK; Park, JM; Park, KY; Park, MS; Park, SS; Park, TH; Shin, DI; Sohn, SI; Yu, KH; Yum, KS, 2023)
"The aim of this study was to determine the effect of smoking status on subsequent stroke risk in patients with minor ischemic stroke or TIA and to determine whether smoking modifies the effect of clopidogrel-based DAPT on subsequent stroke risk."	5.69	Subsequent ischemic stroke and tobacco smoking: A secondary analysis of the POINT trial. ( de Havenon, A; Easton, JD; Furie, KL; Henninger, N; Johnston, SC; Kim, A; Lang, AE; Mac Grory, B; Shu, L; Yaghi, S, 2023)
"Low-dose intravenous tirofiban is superior to intravenous aspirin in avoiding in-stent thrombosis in patients undergoing MT plus carotid stenting in the setting of AIS due to TL."	5.69	Safety and efficacy of tirofiban in acute ischemic stroke due to tandem lesions undergoing mechanical thrombectomy: A multicenter randomized clinical trial (ATILA) protocol. ( Aguilar-Pérez, M; Ainz-Gómez, L; Amaya Pascasio, L; Baena-Palomino, P; Bravo Rey, I; Cabezas-Rodríguez, JA; Castellanos Rodrigo, MDM; de Albóniga-Chindurza, A; Delgado-Acosta, F; Díaz Pérez, J; Escudero-Martínez, I; Fernandez Prudencio, L; Freijo Guerrero, MDM; Gamero-García, MÁ; González Díaz, E; González García, A; Hidalgo, C; Jiménez Jorge, S; Jiménez-Gómez, E; Medina-Rodríguez, M; Moniche, F; Montaner, J; Morales Caba, L; Mosteiro, S; Ortega-Quintanilla, J; Oteros Fernández, R; Pardo-Galiana, B; Ramirez Moreno, JM; Rosso Fernández, C; Sanz-Fernandez, G; Vielba-Gomez, I; Zamora, A; Zapata-Arriaza, E, 2023)
"Aspirin is recommended for secondary stroke prevention in patients with moderate-to-severe ischaemic stroke but can lead to gastrointestinal intolerance and bleeding."	5.69	Indobufen versus aspirin in patients with acute ischaemic stroke in China (INSURE): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, active control, non-inferiority trial. ( Bath, PM; Dong, Q; Feng, Y; Huang, X; Jiang, Y; Jin, A; Jing, J; Johnston, SC; Li, H; Li, X; Li, Z; Lin, J; Liu, B; Liu, L; Liu, Q; Meng, X; Pan, Y; Suo, Y; Wang, Y; Xie, X; Xiong, Y; Xu, A; Yang, H; Yuan, B; Zhao, J; Zhao, X; Zhou, Y; Zhu, H, 2023)
"The effects of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor tirofiban in patients with acute ischemic stroke but who have no evidence of complete occlusion of large or medium-sized vessels have not been extensively studied."	5.69	Tirofiban for Stroke without Large or Medium-Sized Vessel Occlusion. ( Cai, T; Cao, M; Chen, X; Chen, Z; Cheng, D; Geng, W; Guo, C; He, P; He, W; Hu, J; Huang, F; Huang, J; Huang, W; Huang, X; Kong, W; Li, B; Li, F; Li, H; Li, L; Li, Z; Liang, H; Liu, C; Liu, J; Liu, S; Liu, W; Liu, Z; Luo, J; Miao, J; Mu, J; Nogueira, RG; Peng, Y; Qiu, Z; Saver, JL; Shi, Q; Shi, Z; Song, J; Tan, X; Tang, M; Tang, Y; Tian, Y; Wan, Y; Wang, D; Wang, M; Wang, P; Wu, Y; Xie, S; Xie, W; Yang, D; Yang, J; Yang, Q; Yang, S; Yao, L; Yu, Y; Yu, Z; Yue, C; Zhang, B; Zhao, H; Zheng, J; Zi, W, 2023)
"The Clopidogrel With Aspirin in High-Risk Patients With Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events II (CHANCE-2) trial showed that ticagrelor-aspirin combination therapy reduced the risk of stroke compared with a clopidogrel-aspirin combination among carriers of CYP2C19 loss-of-function (LOF) alleles after a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor ischemic stroke."	5.69	Association of CYP2C19 Loss-of-Function Metabolizer Status With Stroke Risk Among Chinese Patients Treated With Ticagrelor-Aspirin vs Clopidogrel-Aspirin: A Prespecified Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Bath, PM; Jiang, Y; Jing, J; Johnston, SC; Li, H; Li, Z; Lin, J; Liu, L; Meng, X; Pan, Y; Wang, A; Wang, Y; Xie, X; Xu, A; Xu, Q; Zhao, X, 2023)
"In this secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial involving patients with minor ischemic stroke or TIA, compared with clopidogrel-ASA, patients with obesity received more clinical benefit from ticagrelor-ASA therapy than those without obesity."	5.69	Impact of body mass index on efficacy and safety of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with minor stroke or transient ischemic attack. ( Jiang, Y; Jing, J; Li, H; Li, Z; Lin, J; Liu, L; Meng, X; Tian, X; Wang, A; Wang, Y; Xie, X; Zhang, J; Zhao, X, 2023)
"To establish the risks of ischemic stroke and intracranial bleeding among healthy older people receiving daily low-dose aspirin."	5.69	Low-Dose Aspirin and the Risk of Stroke and Intracerebral Bleeding in Healthy Older People: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Cloud, GC; Donnan, GA; Eaton, CB; Fitzgerald, SM; Lockery, J; McNeil, JJ; Murray, AM; Nelson, MR; Newman, AB; Reid, CM; Shah, RC; Thao, LTP; Tran, C; Williamson, JD; Wolfe, R; Woods, RL, 2023)
"Our study suggested that tirofiban use appears to be safe as monotherapy in AIS treatment compared with common dual antiplatelet therapy, however, no improvement in functional outcomes was found."	5.62	Association between tirofiban monotherapy and efficacy and safety in acute ischemic stroke. ( Chen, C; Hu, W; Liu, D; Liu, J; Liu, T; Luo, W; Song, J; Tao, C; Yuan, X; Zhang, C; Zhu, Y, 2021)
"The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of gradual dipyridamole titration and the incidence of dipyridamole-induced headache in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)."	5.51	Effects of Dose Titration on Dipyridamole-Induced Headache: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. ( Cha, JK; Chang, DI; Chang, JY; Chung, JW; Hong, KS; Jung, KH; Kang, MK; Kim, BK; Kim, HY; Lee, KY; Lee, SJ; Park, JM; Park, MS; Rha, JH; Shin, DI; Yoon, BW, 2022)
"In the Platelet-Oriented Inhibition in New TIA and Minor Ischemic Stroke (POINT) trial, acute treatment with clopidogrel-aspirin was associated with significantly reduced risk of recurrent stroke."	5.51	Infarct on Brain Imaging, Subsequent Ischemic Stroke, and Clopidogrel-Aspirin Efficacy: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. ( de Havenon, A; Easton, JD; Henninger, N; Johnston, SC; Kim, AS; Kvernland, A; Liberman, AL; Mac Grory, B; Rostanski, SK; Yaghi, S, 2022)
"In this prospective cohort study, we randomly assigned patients with PFO who had a cryptogenic stroke, in a 1:1 ratio, to dabigatran or aspirin group."	5.51	Dabigatran versus aspirin for stroke prevention after cryptogenic stroke with patent foramen ovale: A prospective study. ( Cai, D; Chen, S; He, J; Huang, P; Lai, Y; Sun, H; Wu, Q; Zhou, L, 2022)
"To test whether indobufen is non-inferior to aspirin in reducing the risk of new stroke at 3 months in patients with moderate to severe ischaemic stroke."	5.51	Indobufen versus aspirin in acute ischaemic stroke (INSURE): rationale and design of a multicentre randomised trial. ( Bath, PM; Chen, W; Dong, Q; Jiang, Y; Jing, J; Johnston, SC; Li, H; Lin, J; Meng, X; Pan, Y; Wang, Y; Xu, AD, 2022)
"Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with ticagrelor and aspirin has been found to be effective for secondary prevention after minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) in individuals who carry CYP2C19 loss-of-function (LOF) alleles; however, uncertainties remain about the time course of benefit and risk with ticagrelor and aspirin in these patients."	5.51	Time Course for Benefit and Risk With Ticagrelor and Aspirin in Individuals With Acute Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Who Carry CYP2C19 Loss-of-Function Alleles: A Secondary Analysis of the CHANCE-2 Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Bath, PM; Cheng, J; Jiang, Y; Jin, A; Jing, J; Johnston, SC; Li, H; Li, Z; Lin, J; Liu, L; Meng, X; Pan, Y; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Xie, X; Yang, H; Zhao, X, 2022)
"A polypill that includes key medications associated with improved outcomes (aspirin, angiotensin-converting-enzyme [ACE] inhibitor, and statin) has been proposed as a simple approach to the secondary prevention of cardiovascular death and complications after myocardial infarction."	5.51	Polypill Strategy in Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention. ( Alonso Garcia, A; Andres, V; Barczi, G; Baviera, M; Beghi, E; Bejot, Y; Bhatt, DL; Bueno, H; Castellano, JM; Colivicchi, F; Collier, T; Cordero, A; Di Fusco, SA; Doehner, W; Domingo-Fernández, A; Ecarnot, F; Fernandez Alvira, JM; Fernandez Ferro, J; Fernandez-Ortiz, A; Foresta, A; Fuster, V; Ibañez, B; Kasprzak, M; Linhart, A; Lopez, N; Lozano, I; Lubanda, JC; Marin Ortuño, F; Merkely, B; Meyer, A; Ojeda-Fernandez, L; Owen, R; Perel, P; Pocock, SJ; Ponikowski, P; Proietti, M; Quesada, AJ; Rodriguez-Manero, M; Roncaglioni, MC; Sanchez, PL; Schiele, F; Schoos, MM; Simon, T; Van de Werf, F; Vazquez Rodriguez, JM; Vivas, D, 2022)
"In patients with acute mild-moderate ischemic stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack, the THALES trial (Acute Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Treated With Ticagrelor and Aspirin for Prevention of Stroke and Death) demonstrated that when added to aspirin, ticagrelor reduced stroke or death but increased risk of severe hemorrhage compared with placebo."	5.41	Ischemic Benefit and Hemorrhage Risk of Ticagrelor-Aspirin Versus Aspirin in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack. ( Amarenco, P; Aunes, M; Denison, H; Evans, SR; Himmelmann, A; Jahreskog, M; James, S; Johnston, SC; Knutsson, M; Ladenvall, P; Molina, CA; Nylander, S; Röther, J; Wang, Y, 2021)
"Considering MACEs, myocardial infarction, all kinds of stroke, ischemic stroke, and major bleeding, low-dose aspirin plus rivaroxaban 2."	5.41	Prophylactic Efficacy and Safety of Antithrombotic Regimens in Patients with Stable Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (S-ASCVD): A Bayesian Network Meta-Regression Analysis. ( Chen, X; Jiang, L; Liu, C; Su, J; Zheng, N; Zhong, J, 2023)
"Single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) with aspirin or clopidogrel reduces the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke in patients with non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke or TIA."	5.41	Contemporary Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Therapies for Secondary Stroke Prevention: A Narrative Review of Current Literature and Guidelines. ( Alsbrook, DL; Bhatia, K; Carr, KH; Di Napoli, M; Divani, AA; Hinduja, A; Hosseini Farahabadi, M; Jafarli, A; Ladd, LM; McCullough, LD; Ortiz Garcia, JG; Sabbagh, SY; Saver, JL, 2023)
"Ticagrelor is slightly better than clopidogrel and aspirin in preventing stroke, especially ischemic stroke, with significant safety risks."	5.41	Efficacy and Safety of Ticagrelor versus Aspirin and Clopidogrel for Stroke Prevention in Patients with Vascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ( Chen, Y; Li, D; Liu, S; Ma, X; Zhong, P, 2023)
"Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and clopidogrel was recommended as the secondary prevention of minor ischemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA)."	5.41	Ticagrelor plus aspirin in patients with minor ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack: a network meta-analysis. ( Ge, F; Li, M; Lin, H; Shi, J; Yang, Q; Zhang, X, 2023)
" The aspirin plus low-dose rivaroxaban group had a lower incidence of ischemic stroke compared to the aspirin group (OR = 0."	5.41	Comparison of Different Chronic Maintenance Antithrombotic Strategies in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. ( Cai, Y; Chen, Z; He, Y; Li, C; Zhang, J, 2023)
"Tirofiban can be used to treat patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tirofiban combined with heparin in the treatment of mild to moderate AIS."	5.41	Tirofiban combined with heparin's effect and safety in the treatment of mild to moderate acute ischemic stroke. ( Chen, M; Dai, X; Deng, X; Fu, S; Gong, Q; He, W; Huang, L; Li, C; Luo, Q; Qiu, T; Wang, J; Wang, M; Xiao, H, 2021)
"Incident composite of myocardial infarction, stroke or cardiovascular death was estimated per 100 person-years (py) during randomised treatment (n=18 278) and after study treatment discontinuation to non-study aspirin (n=14 068)."	5.41	Cardiovascular consequences of discontinuing low-dose rivaroxaban in people with chronic coronary or peripheral artery disease. ( Aboyans, V; Berkowitz, SD; Bhatt, DL; Bosch, JJ; Connolly, SJ; Dagenais, GR; Dyal, L; Eikelboom, JW; Fox, KAA; Leong, DP; Muehlhofer, E; Probstfield, JL; Widimsky, P; Winkelmann, BR; Yusuf, S, 2021)
"To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor plus aspirin in patients with moderate ischemic stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score of 4 to 5)."	5.41	Efficacy and Safety of Ticagrelor and Aspirin in Patients With Moderate Ischemic Stroke: An Exploratory Analysis of the THALES Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Amarenco, P; Birve, F; Denison, H; Evans, SR; Himmelmann, A; James, S; Johnston, SC; Ladenvall, P; Li, H; Molina, CA; Pan, Y; Wang, Y, 2021)
"Clopidogrel and aspirin are key intervention for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and transient ischemic attack (TIA)."	5.41	Personalized antiplatelet therapy based on clopidogrel/aspirin resistance tests in acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack: Study protocol of a multi-center, single-blinded and randomized controlled trial. ( Chen, J; Gao, P; Han, M; Jia, W; Kuang, J; Peng, C; Starcevich, K; Tu, J; Wang, J; Wu, Y; Yi, Y; Yin, S; Zhang, X, 2021)
"Although dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and clopidogrel reduces the recurrence of ischemic stroke while significantly increasing the bleeding events compared with monotherapy, the CSPS."	5.41	Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Using Cilostazol With Aspirin or Clopidogrel: Subanalysis of the CSPS.com Trial. ( Hoshino, H; Houkin, K; Ishida, N; Isobe, M; Kimura, K; Matsumoto, M; Minematsu, K; Naritomi, H; Okada, Y; Omae, K; Origasa, H; Sakai, N; Tanaka, K; Terayama, Y; Tomimoto, H; Tominaga, T; Toyoda, K; Uchiyama, S; Yamaguchi, K; Yamaguchi, T; Yasuda, S, 2021)
"Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with clopidogrel and aspirin is effective in preventing recurrent strokes after minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)."	5.22	Comparison of Ticagrelor vs Clopidogrel in Addition to Aspirin in Patients With Minor Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Network Meta-analysis. ( Dhaliwal, S; Dowlatshahi, D; Hutton, B; Lun, R; Roy, DC; Zitikyte, G, 2022)
"Antiplatelet therapy with aspirin 160 mg to 300 mg daily, given orally (or by nasogastric tube or per rectum in people who cannot swallow) and started within 48 hours of onset of presumed ischaemic stroke, significantly decreased death and dependency, and reduced the risk of early recurrent ischaemic stroke without a major risk of early haemorrhagic complications; long-term outcomes were improved."	5.22	Oral antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke. ( Barnes, SC; Beishon, LC; Chithiramohan, T; Clough, RH; Kadicheeni, M; Minhas, JS; Robinson, T; Wang, X, 2022)
" Search terms included ischemic stroke, aspirin, clopidogrel, dipyridamole, ticagrelor, cilostazol, prasugrel, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors."	5.22	Antiplatelet Use in Ischemic Stroke. ( Ali, A; Baig, S; Bell, SM; Kamarova, M; Majid, A; Monks, K; Patel, H; Redgrave, J; Wasay, M, 2022)
"To evaluate the difference between low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and aspirin in preventing early neurological deterioration (END) and recurrent ischemic stroke (RIS), post-recovery independence, and safety outcomes in acute ischemic stroke."	5.22	Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Versus Aspirin in Early Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ( Liu, Z; Tian, M; Wang, Z; Xia, H; Zhou, Z, 2022)
"This systematic review aimed to compare early use of P2Y12 inhibitors (clopidogrel/ticagrelor) plus aspirin to aspirin alone for acute treatment and secondary prevention in acute non-cardioembolic minor ischemic stroke or TIA."	5.22	P2Y12 inhibitors plus aspirin for acute treatment and secondary prevention in minor stroke and high-risk transient ischemic attack: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Bellesini, M; Galli, E; Maroni, L; Pomero, F; Squizzato, A, 2022)
"It was found that the effectiveness of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with minor ischaemic stroke or high risk transient ischaemic attack does not significantly differ in patients with prior aspirin exposure; therefore there should be no influence on the decision to use dual antiplatelet therapy."	5.22	Does prior use of antiplatelet therapy modify the effect of dual antiplatelet therapy in transient ischaemic attack/minor ischaemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Clarke, A; Murphy, R; O'Donnell, MJ; Reddin, C, 2022)
" Cilostazol proved to be the most efficacious in reducing stroke recurrence and the risk of bleeding (RR = 0."	5.22	Antithrombotic therapy for secondary prevention in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack: A multiple treatment network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( Bálint, A; El Abdallaoui, OEA; Komócsi, A; Kupó, P; Szapáry, L; Szapáry, LB; Tornyos, D, 2022)
"Long-term therapy with aspirin, clopidogrel, or aspirin plus extended-release dipyridamole is recommended for secondary stroke prevention in patients with noncardioembolic ischemic stroke."	5.22	Navigating Antiplatelet Treatment Options for Stroke: Evidence-Based and Pragmatic Strategies. ( Moustafa, B; Testai, FD, 2022)
"P2Y12 receptor inhibitor plus aspirin vs aspirin given within 24 h after acute noncardioembolic ischemic stroke or TIA reduces the risk of subsequent stroke."	5.22	P2Y12 receptor inhibitor plus aspirin versus aspirin treated within 24 hours of acute noncardioembolic ischemic stroke or TIA: Meta-analysis. ( Huang, WY; Lee, M; Ovbiagele, B, 2022)
" Randomized clinical trials that compared cilostazol to aspirin and reported the endpoints of ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage and any bleeding were included."	5.12	Cilostazol Versus Aspirin for Secondary Stroke Prevention: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ( Barrett, KM; Brott, TG; Ertekin-Taner, N; Gopal, N; Lin, MP; Meschia, JF; Ross, OA, 2021)
"gov databases, main international conference proceedings were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing DAPT versus aspirin monotherapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke or TIA not eligible for thrombolysis or thrombectomy presenting in the first 24 hours after the acute event."	5.12	Clinical Effects of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy or Aspirin Monotherapy after Acute Minor Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack, a Meta-Analysis. ( Condello, F; Ferrante, G; Liccardo, G, 2021)
"Aspirin was associated with a slight decrease in AMI and ischemic stroke in absolute terms, with no differences in cardiovascular mortality."	5.05	Aspirin in primary prevention. Meta-analysis stratified by baseline cardiovascular risk. ( Lobo, M; Masson, G; Masson, W; Molinero, G, 2020)
"Dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin is effective for secondary prevention after minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)."	5.01	Outcomes Associated With Clopidogrel-Aspirin Use in Minor Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Pooled Analysis of Clopidogrel in High-Risk Patients With Acute Non-Disabling Cerebrovascular Events (CHANCE) and Platelet-Oriented Inhibition in New TIA and ( Dietrich, D; Easton, JD; Elm, JJ; Farrant, M; Johnston, SC; Kim, AS; Li, H; Liu, L; Meng, X; Meurer, WJ; Pan, Y; Wang, Y; Zhao, X, 2019)
"Considering the 11 trials that reported > 10 ischemic strokes during follow-up (97,578 participants, 1195 ischemic strokes), 1 tested apixaban (57 strokes), 1 betrixaban (52 strokes), and 9 rivaroxaban (1086 strokes)."	4.31	Are Factor Xa Inhibitors Efficacious for Ischemic Stroke Prevention in Patients Without Atrial Fibrillation? Evidence From Randomized Clinical Trials. ( Eikelboom, JW; Hart, RG; Katsanos, AH; Perera, KS, 2023)
"To evaluate the effect of using acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) together with lansoprazole in the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke."	4.31	Does proton pump inhibitor reduce the antiaggregant efficacy of aspirin in ischemic stroke? ( Dora, B; Özdem, S; Özel, T; Ünal, A, 2023)
"Aspirin is widely used as secondary prophylaxis for acute ischemic stroke."	4.31	In-Hospital Aspirin Dose as a Risk Factor for Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients Not Treated With Thrombolysis. ( Clares de Andrade, JB; de Abreu, GQ; de Carvalho, JJF; Lima, FO; Maia Barros, LC; Mohr, JP; Pontes-Neto, OM; Silva, GS, 2023)
"A retrospective analysis was performed on 75 patients with cancer and mild to moderate ischemic stroke, 34 of whom received tirofiban treatment and 41 aspirin treatment."	4.31	Tirofiban in the treatment of cancer-associated ischemic stroke. ( Lin, ZH; Zhang, ZM; Zhu, GL, 2023)
"Every year, there is a large number of people take aspirin and atorvastatin to prevent ischemic stroke, but the effect of these drugs on gut microbiota remains unknown."	4.31	Effects of long-term regular oral aspirin combined with atorvastatin to prevent ischemic stroke on human gut microbiota. ( Chen, C; Chen, G; Cui, J; Liao, Y; Ming, J; Song, W; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Xu, K, 2023)
"Many patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) have reduced the effect of aspirin, which may partly be explained by immature platelets."	4.31	Immature platelets and cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary artery disease. ( Grove, EL; Hvas, AM; Kristensen, SD; Larsen, SB; Pedersen, OB, 2023)
"This study investigated the efficacy of antiplatelet therapy with ASA and clopidogrel using optical and impedance aggregometry in 42 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke."	4.31	Monitoring the Antiplatelet Therapy Efficacy in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. ( Bultasova, L; Rohan, V; Slavik, L; Ulehlova, J, 2023)
" Patients with diagnosis codes for ischemic stroke without cardiac disease were included and divided into two groups, those receiving cilostazol and those receiving clopidogrel."	4.31	Long-term effectiveness and safety of cilostazol versus clopidogrel in secondary prevention of noncardioembolic ischemic stroke. ( Je, NK; Lee, YJ, 2023)
"To compare the effectiveness of aspirin-clopidogrel dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin or clopidogrel antiplatelet monotherapy (AM) in patients with ischemic stroke."	4.31	Comparative effectiveness of dual antiplatelet therapy versus monotherapy in patients with ischemic stroke. ( Algarni, RA; Alshargi, O; Alshehri, S; Alshibani, M; Althagafi, AA, 2023)
"In AMI patients with a history of acute ischemic stroke, the risks of cardiovascular events were comparable between ticagrelor plus aspirin and clopidogrel plus aspirin."	4.31	Ticagrelor vs Clopidogrel in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients With a History of Ischemic Stroke. ( Huang, HY; Katz, AJ; Lin, FJ; Lin, SY; Wang, CC; Wu, CH, 2023)
"In this study based on high-intensity statin therapy, clopidogrel-aspirin reduced the risk of compound vascular events and did not increase the risk of hemorrhage during patients' hospitalization after mild-to-moderate ischemic stroke within 72 h."	4.12	Dual versus mono antiplatelet therapy in mild-to-moderate stroke during hospitalization. ( Fan, H; Li, J; Li, X; Li, Y; Liu, T; Niu, X; Ren, J; Wang, Y; Wu, X; Zhang, K, 2022)
"Among patients with TIA or mild ischemic stroke, the combination of cinnamon and aspirin could be superior to aspirin alone for reducing the risk of 90-day recurrent stroke."	4.12	Cinnamon and Aspirin for Mild Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Pilot Trial. ( Fan, Y; He, P; He, Z; Li, Z; Liang, J; Wu, Y; Zhang, L, 2022)
"The goal of this work was to investigate the short-term time-course benefit and risk of ticagrelor with aspirin in acute mild-moderate ischemic stroke or high-risk TIA in The Acute Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Treated with Ticagrelor and ASA for Prevention of Stroke and Death (THALES) trial."	4.12	Time Course for Benefit and Risk of Ticagrelor and Aspirin in Acute Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack. ( Amarenco, P; Denison, H; Evans, SR; Himmelmann, A; James, S; Johnston, SC; Knutsson, M; Ladenvall, P; Li, H; Molina, CA; Pan, Y; Wang, Y, 2022)
"Among the 3456 patients included, a total of 10 patients in the Clopidogrel Discontinuation Group and 11 patients in the non-Clopidogrel Discontinuation Group presented ischemic stroke recurrence during the 90-180-day period."	4.12	No rebound effect after a course of clopidogrel in patients with acute TIA or minor stroke. ( Jing, J; Johnston, SC; Liu, L; Meng, X; Pan, Y; Wang, A; Wang, D; Wang, Y; Zhang, X; Zhao, X, 2022)
"Bleeding is the most common adverse reaction to aspirin and can lead to drug discontinuation or even be life-threatening in the secondary prevention of stroke or transient ischemic attack."	4.12	Effect of body weight on bleeding events of aspirin in ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack patients. ( Cheng, J; Deng, X; Li, H; Ma, Y; Shi, T; Wang, X; Wu, Y; Zhang, Z; Zhu, Q, 2022)
"After the publication of the CHANCE (Clopidogrel in High Risk Patients With Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events) and POINT (Platelet-Oriented Inhibition in New Transient Ischemic Attack and Minor Ischemic Stroke) clinical trials, the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA) issued a new class 1, level of evidence A, recommendation for dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT; aspirin plus clopidogrel) for secondary prevention in patients with minor ischemic stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score ≤3)."	4.12	Analysis of Prescriptions for Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Acute Ischemic Stroke. ( Bhatt, DL; Feng, W; Fonarow, GC; Fosbøl, EL; Hannah, D; Johnson, M; Laskowitz, DT; Mac Grory, B; Maisch, L; Matsouaka, R; Peterson, ED; Schwamm, LH; Smith, EE; Xian, Y; Xu, H, 2022)
" Patients aged 80 years or older who received monotherapy with clopidogrel or aspirin following hospitalization for primary acute ischemic stroke between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2018, were included."	4.12	Effectiveness and Safety of Clopidogrel vs Aspirin in Elderly Patients With Ischemic Stroke. ( Huang, HY; Katz, AJ; Lin, FJ; Lin, SY; Sheu, JJ; Wang, CC; Wu, CH, 2022)
"This prospective, observational study assessed TIA/ischaemic stroke patients before (baseline; N = 60), at 14 ±7 days (14d, N = 39) and ≥ 90 days (90d, N = 31) after adding dipyridamole to aspirin."	4.12	Assessment of on-treatment platelet reactivity at high and low shear stress and platelet activation status after the addition of dipyridamole to aspirin in the early and late phases after TIA and ischaemic stroke. ( Collins, DR; Coughlan, T; Cox, D; Egan, B; Lim, ST; Lim, SY; McCabe, DJH; McCarthy, AJ; Murphy, SJX; Murphy, SM; O'Neill, D; Smith, DR; Tierney, S, 2022)
"Uncertainty remains regarding the impact of enteric-coated aspirin (EC-ASA) on secondary prevention of ischemic stroke compared to plain aspirin (P-ASA)."	4.12	The impact of enteric coating of aspirin on aspirin responsiveness in patients with suspected or newly diagnosed ischemic stroke: prospective cohort study: results from the (ECASIS) study. ( Abdallah, IM; Abdelmoneim, MS; Akhtar, N; Ali, M; Alsaud, AE; Ayadathil, R; Chandra, P; Danjuma, MI; Elshafei, MN; Imam, Y; Mohamed, MFH; Mohammed, S; Obeidat, K; Parray, A; Saeid, R, 2022)
"Many older patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke were already taking aspirin before admission."	4.02	Antithrombotic Therapy for Stroke Prevention in Patients With Ischemic Stroke With Aspirin Treatment Failure. ( Bhatt, DL; Fonarow, GC; Lusk, JB; Matsouaka, R; Peterson, ED; Schwamm, LH; Smith, EE; Xian, Y; Xu, H, 2021)
"We recruited 293 ischemic stroke patients, taking aspirin for more than seven days, and performed LTA to classify them."	4.02	Serum thromboxane B2 but not soluble P-selectin levels identify ischemic stroke patients with persistent platelet reactivity while on aspirin therapy. ( Chandra, SR; Christopher, R; Ramanujam, N; Sundaravadivel, P, 2021)
"Patients with ischemic stroke receiving aspirin (100 mg/day) for three months were recruited for a multicenter, prospective, cohort study."	4.02	Safety and efficacy of low-dose aspirin in ischemic stroke patients with different G6PD conditions. ( Chen, Y; Deng, W; Huang, W; Jiang, H; Li, J; Liang, Z; Liu, Q; Ou, Z; Ouyang, F; Wu, Z; Xing, S; Zeng, J; Zhang, Y, 2021)
" Here we assessed the contribution of clopidogrel versus aspirin to the development of pneumonia during an acute ischemic stroke admission."	4.02	Clopidogrel increases risk of pneumonia compared with aspirin in acute ischemic minor stroke patients. ( Feng, Q; Fu, J; Jin, X; Shan, B; Shen, R; Yu, Z; Zhou, H; Zhu, H, 2021)
"Background Because of a nonresponse to aspirin (aspirin resistance), patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are at increased risk of developing recurrent event."	4.02	Low miR-19b-1-5p Expression Is Related to Aspirin Resistance and Major Adverse Cardio- Cerebrovascular Events in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome. ( Chan, MY; Creemers, EE; de Ronde, MWJ; Hwee Tan, S; Mark Richards, A; Meijering, R; Pinto-Sietsma, SJ; Singh, S; Tang Chin, C; Troughton, RW; Van der Made, I; Yan, BP; Yean Yip Fong, A, 2021)
"We selected newly diagnosed ischemic stroke patients aged ≥20years who were newly treated with aspirin or clopidogrel from 2003-2010 Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort, a random sample of 2."	4.02	Non-persistence with anti-platelet therapy and long-term mortality after ischemic stroke: A nationwide study. ( Cho, B; Choi, HC; Kim, SJ; Kwon, OD; Lee, EJ, 2021)
" Anticipated bleeding event rates (including both minor and major bleeds) with aspirin, dabigatran 150 mg, and rivaroxaban 20 mg were sourced from published meta-analyses, whilst a 30% ischaemic stroke reduction for both DOACs was assumed."	4.02	Burden of oral anticoagulation in embolic stroke of undetermined source without atrial fibrillation. ( de Brouwer, B; Egea, M; Eggington, S; Franco, N; Huynh, M; Ismyrloglou, E; Joglekar, R; Liu, S; Lyon, J; Reynolds, MR; Rosemas, SC; Thijs, V; Tsintzos, SI; Tsivgoulis, G; Witte, KK; Ziegler, PD, 2021)
"This study assessed the efficacy and safety of tirofiban in combination with dual-antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in progressive ischemic stroke."	4.02	Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Tirofiban in Combination With Dual-antiplatelet Therapy in Progressive Ischemic Stroke Patients. ( Chang, W; Li, L; Lin, F; Liu, H; Yin, J; Zhang, H; Zhao, Y, 2021)
"In total, 279 patients (40 G6PD-deficient and 239 G6PD-normal) with acute ischemic stroke treated with aspirin 100 mg/day from a cohort study were examined."	4.02	Association between aspirin-induced hemoglobin decline and outcome after acute ischemic stroke in G6PD-deficient patients. ( Chen, Y; Deng, W; Huang, W; Li, J; Liang, Z; Ou, Z; Ouyang, F; Xing, S; Yu, J; Zeng, J; Zhang, Y, 2021)
" This large, multicenter trial enrolled 19,435 adult patients with suspected acute ischemic stroke from 36 countries, and reported a modest average benefit of aspirin (vs."	3.96	Counterfactual clinical prediction models could help to infer individualized treatment effects in randomized controlled trials-An illustration with the International Stroke Trial. ( Collins, GS; Landais, P; Le Manach, Y; Nguyen, TL, 2020)
"In this observational analysis of patients with atrial fibrillation and flutter, the concomitant use of direct oral anticoagulants and aspirin was associated with an increased risk of both major adverse cardiac and bleeding events when compared to the use of direct oral anticoagulants alone."	3.96	Concomitant use of direct oral anticoagulants and aspirin versus direct oral anticoagulants alone in atrial fibrillation and flutter: a retrospective cohort. ( George, J; Hafeez, A; Halalau, A; Keeney, S; Matka, M; Said, A, 2020)
"The current study compared the efficacy and safety of clopidogrel vs aspirin in the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke (IS)."	3.96	Efficacy and safety of clopidogrel and aspirin do not differ in patients with stable ischemic stroke. ( Chi, NF; Chien, LN; Chiou, HY; Liu, HY, 2020)
"The patients with high body weight, the CYP2C19 phenotypes, and P2Y12 receptor (52 G >T) variant alleles are at risk of CR during clopidogrel treatment in Chinese IS patients with aspirin intolerance."	3.96	Body weight, CYP2C19, and P2Y12 receptor polymorphisms relate to clopidogrel resistance in a cohort of Chinese ischemic stroke patients with aspirin intolerance. ( Dong, W; He, X; Hu, H; Kong, Y; Li, Y; Li, Z; Sun, L; Wang, C; Wang, Y; Yang, D; Zhang, J; Zhao, M, 2020)
"This study compared the effectiveness of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with clopidogrel-aspirin with that of aspirin monotherapy (AM) in mild-to-moderate acute ischemic stroke considering the risk of recurrent stroke using the Stroke Prognosis Instrument II (SPI-II) score."	3.96	Comparative Effectiveness of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Aspirin and Clopidogrel Versus Aspirin Monotherapy in Mild-to-Moderate Acute Ischemic Stroke According to the Risk of Recurrent Stroke: An Analysis of 15 000 Patients From a Nationwide, Multicent ( Bae, HJ; Cha, JK; Cho, KH; Cho, YJ; Choi, JC; Choi, KH; Hong, JH; Hong, KS; Kang, K; Kim, BJ; Kim, DE; Kim, DH; Kim, JG; Kim, JT; Kim, WJ; Kwon, JH; Lee, BC; Lee, HL; Lee, J; Lee, JS; Lee, KB; Lee, SJ; Park, HK; Park, JM; Park, MS; Park, SS; Park, TH; Ryu, WS; Shin, DI; Sohn, SI; Sun Oh, M; Yu, KH, 2020)
" Our aim was to test the hypothesis that apixaban enhances endogenous fibrinolysis in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF)."	3.91	Apixaban enhances endogenous fibrinolysis in patients with atrial fibrillation. ( Arachchillage, DRJ; Farag, M; Gorog, DA; Gue, Y; Lip, GYH; Spinthakis, N; Srinivasan, M; Wellsted, D, 2019)
"Among patients with minor nondisabling acute ischemic stroke presenting within 4."	3.30	Dual Antiplatelet Therapy vs Alteplase for Patients With Minor Nondisabling Acute Ischemic Stroke: The ARAMIS Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Chen, HS; Cui, Y; Dong, YL; Guo, LY; Han, J; Huang, SM; Jiang, CH; Li, J; Li, JY; Li, YS; Li, Z; Lin, YZ; Lu, J; Ma, GB; Nguyen, TN; Piao, XY; Shen, LY; Wan, LS; Wang, DL; Wang, EQ; Wang, J; Wang, LX; Wang, RX; Wang, WZ; Xia, L; Yang, KH; Yang, QC; Zhang, H; Zhang, L; Zhou, ZH, 2023)
"Bleeding was defined using the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis five-level ordered categorical scale: fatal, major, moderate, minor, none."	3.30	Bleeding with intensive versus guideline antiplatelet therapy in acute cerebral ischaemia. ( Appleton, JP; Bath, PM; Christensen, H; Dineen, RA; England, TJ; James, M; Krishnan, K; Montgomery, AA; Ranta, A; Robinson, TG; Sprigg, N; Woodhouse, LJ, 2023)
" Many randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trials suggest that NBP is a safe and effective treatment for ischemic stroke."	3.11	Efficacy and safety of butylphthalide in secondary prevention of stroke: study protocol for a multicenter, real world trial based on Internet. ( Lv, J; Xie, Z; Zhao, D; Zhao, G, 2022)
" We aimed to evaluate the dose-response relationship of milvexian in participants treated with dual antiplatelets."	3.11	Rationale and design of the AXIOMATIC-SSP phase II trial: Antithrombotic treatment with factor XIa inhibition to Optimize Management of Acute Thromboembolic events for Secondary Stroke Prevention. ( Amarenco, P; Bereczki, D; Czlonkowska, A; Diener, HC; Donovan, M; Endres, M; Gailani, D; Hankey, GJ; Kahl, A; Kasner, SE; Li, D; Lutsep, HL; Molina, CA; Ntaios, G; Perera, V; Sharma, M; Shuaib, A; Toyoda, K; Tsivgoulis, G, 2022)
"Asymptomatic carotid stenosis is when this narrowing occurs in people without a history or symptoms of this disease."	3.01	Pharmacological interventions for asymptomatic carotid stenosis. ( Cassola, N; Clezar, CN; Flumignan, CD; Flumignan, RL; Nakano, LC; Trevisani, VF, 2023)
"Keyword: antiplatelet therapy, acute ischemic stroke, secondary prevention, transient ischemic attack."	3.01	Clinical Updates on Antiplatelet Therapy for Secondary Prevention in Acute Ischemic Stroke. ( Chang, YM; Lee, TL; Sung, PS, 2023)
"Cancer is a frequent finding in ischaemic stroke patients."	2.94	Rivaroxaban versus aspirin for secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke in patients with cancer: a subgroup analysis of the NAVIGATE ESUS randomized trial. ( Berkowitz, SD; Chamorro, A; Demchuk, A; Hart, RG; Joensuu, H; Kasner, SE; Liu, YY; Marti-Fabregas, J; Martinez-Majander, N; Mundl, H; Ntaios, G; Perera, KS; Prats-Sanchez, L; Rudilosso, S; Saarinen, J; Tatlisumak, T; Themeles, E; Tiainen, M; Ylikotila, P, 2020)
"The concept of embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) unifies a subgroup of cryptogenic strokes based on neuroimaging, a defined minimum set of diagnostic tests, and exclusion of certain causes."	2.94	Characteristics of Recurrent Ischemic Stroke After Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Ameriso, SF; Arauz, A; Berkowitz, SD; Chamorro, Á; Connolly, SJ; Hankey, GJ; Hart, RG; Kasner, SE; Korompoki, E; Lindgren, A; Muir, KW; Mundl, H; Ozturk, S; Pearce, LA; Perera, K; Rudilosso, S; Sharma, M; Shoamanesh, A; Shuaib, A; Tatlisumak, T; Toni, D; Veltkamp, R, 2020)
"We recruited 131 patients with minor ischaemic stroke, within less than 7 days of stroke onset and a CYP2C19 loss-of-function allele, who had moderate-to-severe cerebral artery stenosis."	2.94	Effectiveness and safety of high dose clopidogrel plus aspirin in ischemic stroke patients with the single CYP2C19 loss-of-function allele: a randomized trial. ( Chen, Q; Chu, W; Dong, M; Dou, L; Gao, B; Li, B; Li, J; Liu, C; Pan, Y; Song, H; Song, L; Wu, H, 2020)
"However, acute mild-moderate ischaemic stroke (4≤NIHSS≤10) still needs aggressive antiplatelet intervention to prevent deterioration and recurrence of stroke."	2.87	Antiplatelet Therapy in Acute Mild-Moderate Ischemic Stroke (ATAMIS): a parallel, randomised, open-label, multicentre, prospective study. ( Chen, H; Hou, X; Li, X; Wang, X, 2018)
"Ischemic stroke is a disease related to abnormal blood flow that leads to brain dysfunction."	2.82	The Importance of Platelets Response during Antiplatelet Treatment after Ischemic Stroke-Between Benefit and Risk: A Systematic Review. ( Bugieda, J; Karczmarska-Wódzka, A; Sikora, J; Sobczak, P, 2022)
"Ischaemic strokes have traditionally been classified according to the TOAST criteria, in which strokes with unclear aetiology are classified as cryptogenic strokes."	2.82	Review and update of the concept of embolic stroke of undetermined source. ( Diener, HC; Easton, JD; Hart, RG; Kamel, H; Kasner, S; Ntaios, G, 2022)
"Cardiovascular diseases are currently among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in many developed countries."	2.72	The Role of Thromboxane in the Course and Treatment of Ischemic Stroke: Review. ( Brodowski, J; Drozd, A; Kotlęga, D; Kozioł, I; Szczuko, M, 2021)
"Hemorrhagic stroke is the most common type of obstetric stroke."	2.72	Stroke in Pregnancy: A Multidisciplinary Approach. ( Camargo, EC; Singhal, AB, 2021)
"Patients with minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack represent a high-risk population for recurrent stroke."	2.72	Ticagrelor vs Clopidogrel in addition to Aspirin in minor ischemic stroke/ transient ischemic attack-Protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis. ( Dhaliwal, S; Dowlatshahi, D; Hutton, B; Lun, R; Roy, DC; Shorr, R; Zitikyte, G, 2021)
"Main outcomes were stroke recurrence and major bleeding."	2.66	Aspirin or anticoagulation after cryptogenic stroke with patent foramen ovale: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( Calabresi, P; Cupini, LM; Eusebi, P; Giannandrea, D; Ricci, S; Romoli, M, 2020)
"Ischaemic stroke is a major cause of neurological morbidity and mortality."	2.55	Review of acute ischaemic stroke in Pakistan: progress in management and future perspectives. ( Ahmed, S; Badshah, M; Nabi, S; Nomani, AZ, 2017)
"The therapeutic outcomes for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with early neurological deterioration (END) are adverse."	1.91	Efficacy and Prognosis of Adjuvant Argatroban Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients with Early Neurological Deterioration. ( Wu, T; Xu, S; Xu, Z; Zhang, W; Zhang, Y, 2023)
"Although acute stroke is also relatively common in this population, two thirds of strokes are already evident on admission."	1.72	Imaging analysis of ischemic strokes due to blunt cerebrovascular injury. ( Abraham, MN; Abraham, PJ; Black, JA; Griffin, RL; Harrigan, MR; Holcomb, JB; Jansen, JO; Kerby, JD; Liptrap, EJ; Thaci, B, 2022)
" Dose-response and therapeutic window were investigated."	1.72	Synergistic Neuroprotection by a PAF Antagonist Plus a Docosanoid in Experimental Ischemic Stroke: Dose-Response and Therapeutic Window. ( Bazan, NG; Belayev, L; Khoutorova, L; Mukherjee, PK; Obenaus, A; Oria, RB; Petasis, NA; Reid, MM; Roque, CR, 2022)
"We report a case of ischaemic stroke in a 34-year-old male recreational bodybuilder following a 3-month period of anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) use and 1-month period of 'post-cycle therapy' (tamoxifen and clomiphene citrate), the latter treatments aimed at restoring normal endogenous testosterone production after initial AAS use."	1.62	Anabolic steroid use and ischaemic stroke in a young fitness enthusiast. ( Choulerton, J; Guha, N; Squires, R, 2021)
"Following an acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, 2 rates of stroke recurrence are suggested by data from trials of acute secondary prevention treatments: a transient rapid rate followed by a persisting slower rate of stroke."	1.62	Two-State Kinetic Model of Rates of Stroke Recurrence in the POINT Study Population. ( Brorson, JR; Bulwa, ZB, 2021)
"In Western European countries, acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains the third leading cause of death."	1.62	Risk factors among stroke subtypes and its impact on the clinical outcome of patients of Northern Portugal under previous aspirin therapy. ( Freitas-Silva, M; Medeiros, R; Nunes, JPL, 2021)
"Our study suggested that tirofiban use appears to be safe as monotherapy in AIS treatment compared with common dual antiplatelet therapy, however, no improvement in functional outcomes was found."	1.62	Association between tirofiban monotherapy and efficacy and safety in acute ischemic stroke. ( Chen, C; Hu, W; Liu, D; Liu, J; Liu, T; Luo, W; Song, J; Tao, C; Yuan, X; Zhang, C; Zhu, Y, 2021)

Research

Studies (168)

Authors

Clinical Trials (18)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Bleeding Event That Fulfils Serious Adverse Event Criteria and is Categorised as GUSTO Moderate/Severe

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	0 (0.00)	29.6817
2010's	7 (4.17)	24.3611
2020's	161 (95.83)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Johnston, SC	16
Amarenco, P	5
Aunes, M	1
Denison, H	3
Evans, SR	3
Himmelmann, A	3
Jahreskog, M	1
James, S	3
Knutsson, M	2
Ladenvall, P	3
Molina, CA	4
Nylander, S	1
Röther, J	1
Wang, Y	35
Burattini, M	1
Falsetti, L	1
Potente, E	1
Rinaldi, C	1
Bartolini, M	1
Buratti, L	1
Silvestrini, M	1
Viticchi, G	1
Cheng, Y	2
Shao, T	2
Huang, L	2
Xu, H	4
Shao, P	1
Yang, D	3
Ge, W	1
Xu, Y	2
Zhang, M	2
Lusk, JB	1
Peterson, ED	3
Bhatt, DL	5
Fonarow, GC	3
Smith, EE	3
Matsouaka, R	2
Schwamm, LH	3
Xian, Y	5
Meng, X	14
Wang, A	6
Xie, X	6
Pan, Y	13
Li, H	19
Bath, PM	9
Dong, Q	3
Xu, A	3
Jing, J	10
Lin, J	7
Niu, S	1
Zhao, X	12
Li, Z	11
Jiang, Y	7
Li, W	1
Liu, L	12
Xu, J	1
Chang, L	1
Wang, L	1
Zhuang, X	1
Zhao, J	2
Feng, Y	2
Man, H	1
Li, G	2
Wang, B	1
Sundaravadivel, P	1
Christopher, R	1
Ramanujam, N	1
Chandra, SR	1
Szczuko, M	1
Kozioł, I	1
Kotlęga, D	1
Brodowski, J	1
Drozd, A	1
Lun, R	2
Dhaliwal, S	2
Zitikyte, G	2
Roy, DC	2
Hutton, B	2
Dowlatshahi, D	2
Tian, X	2
Zuo, Y	1
Wang, F	1
Li, Y	5
Liu, J	3
Zhang, S	1
Zhu, J	1
Li, F	4
Zhu, B	1
Li, T	1
Fang, S	1
Qin, S	1
Minhas, JS	1
Chithiramohan, T	1
Wang, X	6
Barnes, SC	1
Clough, RH	1
Kadicheeni, M	1
Beishon, LC	1
Robinson, T	1
Kang, MK	1
Cha, JK	3
Chang, DI	1
Kim, HY	1
Chung, JW	1
Jung, KH	1
Hong, KS	3
Chang, JY	1
Rha, JH	1
Park, JM	3
Kim, BK	1
Lee, SJ	3
Park, MS	3
Lee, KY	2
Shin, DI	3
Yoon, BW	1
Rostanski, SK	2
Kvernland, A	1
Liberman, AL	1
de Havenon, A	3
Henninger, N	2
Mac Grory, B	4
Kim, AS	2
Easton, JD	5
Yaghi, S	3
Piccini, JP	1
Poli, S	1
Weiss, M	1
Feng, W	2
Abraham, PJ	1
Black, JA	1
Griffin, RL	1
Abraham, MN	1
Liptrap, EJ	1
Thaci, B	1
Holcomb, JB	1
Kerby, JD	1
Harrigan, MR	1
Jansen, JO	1
Kamarova, M	1
Baig, S	1
Patel, H	1
Monks, K	1
Wasay, M	1
Ali, A	1
Redgrave, J	1
Majid, A	1
Bell, SM	1
Sikora, J	1
Karczmarska-Wódzka, A	1
Bugieda, J	1
Sobczak, P	1
Chen, S	1
Cai, D	1
Lai, Y	1
He, J	1
Wu, Q	1
Huang, P	1
Zhou, L	1
Sun, H	1
Fan, H	2
Liu, T	4
Zhang, K	3
Ren, J	2
Li, J	6
Wu, X	2
Li, X	5
Niu, X	3
Xia, H	1
Wang, Z	4
Tian, M	1
Liu, Z	2
Zhou, Z	1
Ma, L	2
Pomero, F	1
Galli, E	1
Bellesini, M	1
Maroni, L	1
Squizzato, A	1
Zhang, L	2
Wu, Y	5
Fan, Y	1
He, Z	1
He, P	2
Liang, J	1
Al-Rubaish, AM	1
Al-Muhanna, FA	1
Alshehri, AM	1
Alsulaiman, AA	1
Alabdulali, MM	1
Alkhamis, F	1
Alamri, AS	1
Alali, RA	1
Akhtar, MS	1
Cyrus, C	1
Claassens, DMF	1
Asselbergs, FW	1
Al-Ali, AK	1
Shah, J	1
Liu, S	5
Yu, W	1
Chen, W	4
Xu, AD	1
Chen, Y	6
Liu, Y	2
Zhang, J	5
Zhou, K	1
Zhang, X	7
Dai, H	1
Yang, B	1
Shang, H	1
Venketasubramanian, N	1
Diener, HC	3
Hart, RG	4
Kasner, S	1
Kamel, H	2
Ntaios, G	3
Feler, J	1
Chuck, C	1
Anderson, M	1
Poggi, J	1
Sweeney, J	1
Moldovan, K	1
Jayaraman, MV	1
McTaggart, R	1
Torabi, R	1
Hu, JX	1
Ma, WJ	1
He, LY	1
Zhang, CH	1
Zhang, C	5
Chen, CN	1
Shen, DY	1
Gao, HM	1
Guo, RR	1
Ning, QQ	1
Ye, XC	1
Cui, GY	1
Li, L	4
Clarke, A	1
Reddin, C	1
Murphy, R	1
O'Donnell, MJ	1
Wang, D	3
Reid, MM	1
Obenaus, A	1
Mukherjee, PK	1
Khoutorova, L	1
Roque, CR	1
Petasis, NA	1
Oria, RB	1
Belayev, L	1
Bazan, NG	1
Jin, A	2
Yang, H	2
Cheng, J	2
Zhu, Q	1
Deng, X	2
Zhang, Z	1
Ma, Y	1
Shi, T	1
Uchiyama, S	2
Toyoda, K	3
Okamura, S	1
Omae, K	2
Hoshino, H	2
Kimura, K	2
Kitagawa, K	1
Minematsu, K	2
Yamaguchi, T	2
Zheng, F	1
Stavrinou, P	1
Hu, W	2
Kostev, K	1
Tanislav, C	1
Laskowitz, DT	1
Maisch, L	1
Hannah, D	1
Fosbøl, EL	1
Johnson, M	1
Huang, HY	2
Lin, SY	2
Katz, AJ	2
Sheu, JJ	1
Lin, FJ	2
Wang, CC	2
Wu, CH	2
Tornyos, D	1
Komócsi, A	1
Bálint, A	1
Kupó, P	1
El Abdallaoui, OEA	1
Szapáry, L	1
Szapáry, LB	1
Lv, J	1
Zhao, D	2
Zhao, G	1
Xie, Z	1
Zi, W	2
Song, J	3
Qiu, Z	2
Kong, W	2
Huang, J	3
Luo, W	2
Sang, H	1
Yang, J	2
Tian, Y	3
Hu, J	2
Saver, JL	3
Nogueira, RG	2
Yang, Q	3
Castellano, JM	1
Pocock, SJ	1
Quesada, AJ	1
Owen, R	1
Fernandez-Ortiz, A	1
Sanchez, PL	1
Marin Ortuño, F	1
Vazquez Rodriguez, JM	1
Domingo-Fernández, A	1
Lozano, I	1
Roncaglioni, MC	1
Baviera, M	1
Foresta, A	1
Ojeda-Fernandez, L	1
Colivicchi, F	1
Di Fusco, SA	1
Doehner, W	1
Meyer, A	1
Schiele, F	1
Ecarnot, F	1
Linhart, A	1
Lubanda, JC	1
Barczi, G	1
Merkely, B	1
Ponikowski, P	1
Kasprzak, M	1
Fernandez Alvira, JM	1
Andres, V	1
Bueno, H	1
Collier, T	1
Van de Werf, F	1
Perel, P	1
Rodriguez-Manero, M	1
Alonso Garcia, A	1
Proietti, M	1
Schoos, MM	1
Simon, T	1
Fernandez Ferro, J	1
Lopez, N	1
Beghi, E	1
Bejot, Y	1
Vivas, D	1
Cordero, A	1
Ibañez, B	1
Fuster, V	1
Lim, ST	1
Murphy, SJX	1
Murphy, SM	1
Coughlan, T	1
O'Neill, D	1
Tierney, S	1
Egan, B	1
Collins, DR	1
McCarthy, AJ	1
Lim, SY	1
Smith, DR	1
Cox, D	1
McCabe, DJH	1
Scalia, L	1
Calderone, D	1
Capodanno, D	1
Sharma, M	2
Bereczki, D	1
Kasner, SE	3
Lutsep, HL	1
Tsivgoulis, G	2
Czlonkowska, A	1
Shuaib, A	2
Endres, M	1
Gailani, D	1
Kahl, A	1
Donovan, M	1
Perera, V	1
Li, D	3
Hankey, GJ	2
Pîrlog, BO	1
Grotta, JC	1
Mele, F	1
Gendarini, C	1
Pantoni, L	1
Elshafei, MN	1
Imam, Y	1
Alsaud, AE	1
Chandra, P	1
Parray, A	1
Abdelmoneim, MS	1
Obeidat, K	1
Saeid, R	1
Ali, M	1
Ayadathil, R	1
Mohamed, MFH	1
Abdallah, IM	1
Mohammed, S	1
Akhtar, N	1
Danjuma, MI	1
Katsanos, AH	1
Perera, KS	2
Eikelboom, JW	2
Moustafa, B	1
Testai, FD	1
Chang, R	1
Zhou, W	1
Ye, Y	1
Wu, J	2
Liu, H	2
Yang, T	1
Wang, H	3
Zhang, T	1
Wu, H	3
Xu, L	2
Zhang, H	3
Cheng, K	1
Chen, M	2
Lan, J	1
Wei, G	1
Qian, J	1
Ge, J	1
Marnat, G	1
Finistis, S	1
Moreno, R	1
Sibon, I	1
Pop, R	1
Mazighi, M	2
Clarençon, F	1
Rosso, C	1
Dargazanli, C	1
Darcourt, J	1
Olivot, JM	2
Boulouis, G	1
Janot, K	1
Moulin, S	1
Bourcier, R	1
Consoli, A	1
Richard, S	1
Arquizan, C	1
Vannier, S	1
Richter, S	1
Gentric, JC	1
Papagiannaki, C	1
Naggara, O	1
Eker, OF	1
Lapergue, B	1
Caroff, J	1
Gory, B	1
Aref, HM	3
El-Khawas, H	3
Elbassiouny, A	3
Shokri, HM	3
Zeinhom, MG	3
Roushdy, TM	3
Özel, T	2
Ünal, A	2
Özdem, S	2
Dora, B	2
Gorenflo, MP	2
Davis, PB	2
Kendall, EK	2
Olaker, VR	2
Kaelber, DC	2
Xu, R	2
Maximiliano, CL	1
Jaime, GC	1
Erika, MH	1
Chen, C	3
Lv, H	1
Shan, L	1
Long, X	1
Guo, C	2
Huo, Y	1
Lu, L	1
Zhou, Y	2
Liu, M	1
Zhu, D	1
Han, Y	1
Gao, Y	3
Han, S	1
Wang, C	2
Yang, Y	1
Wang, T	1
Chen, X	3
Wang, R	1
Pang, H	1
Wang, J	4
Zheng, N	1
Zhong, J	2
Su, J	1
Liu, C	3
Jiang, L	1
Kim, JT	2
Kang, J	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, International, Multicentre, Phase III Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Ticagrelor and ASA Compared With ASA in the Prevention of Stroke and Death in Patients With Acute Ischaemic Stroke or Tra[NCT03354429]	Phase 3	11,016 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-01-22	Completed
Clopidogrel With Aspirin in High-risk Patients With Acute Non-disabling Cerebrovascular Events II[NCT04078737]	Phase 3	6,412 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-09-23	Completed
Platelet-Oriented Inhibition in New TIA and Minor Ischemic Stroke (POINT) Trial[NCT00991029]	Phase 3	4,881 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-05-28	Terminated (stopped due to The trial was halted by the DSMB.)
INdobufen Versus aSpirin in acUte Ischemic stRokE,INSURE[NCT03871517]	Phase 4	5,438 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-06-03	Completed
Randomized, Double-blind, Evaluation in Secondary Stroke Prevention Comparing the EfficaCy and Safety of the Oral Thrombin Inhibitor Dabigatran Etexilate (110 mg or 150 mg, Oral b.i.d.) Versus Acetylsalicylic Acid (100 mg Oral q.d.) in Patients With Embol[NCT02239120]	Phase 3	5,390 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-11-27	Completed
A Randomised, Double-Blind, Multinational Study to Prevent Major Vascular Events With Ticagrelor Compared to Aspirin (ASA) in Patients With Acute Ischaemic Stroke or TIA.[NCT01994720]	Phase 3	13,307 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-01-07	Completed
Randomized,Double-blind Trial Comparing the Effects of a 3-month Clopidogrel Regimen,Combined With ASA During the First 21days,Versus ASA Alone for the Acute Treatment of TIA or Minor Stroke[NCT00979589]	Phase 3	5,100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-12-31	Completed
Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly Trial[NCT02596126]	Phase 3	2,499 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-07-31	Completed
Developing a Heart Failure Polypill to Improve Outcomes at a Safety Net Hospital: A Pilot Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT06029712]	Phase 2	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-31	Not yet recruiting
An Investigation Into The Impact Of Enteric Coated Of Aspirin In Patients With Newly Diagnosed Ischemic Stroke. Non-randomized Interventional Controlled Clinical Trial.[NCT04330872]	Phase 4	42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-08-26	Completed
Predictors of the Unfavourable Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated With Alteplase, a Multi-centre Prospective Study[NCT06058884]	Phase 4	592 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-01-03	Completed
GLOBAL LEADERS: A Clinical Study Comparing Two Forms of Anti-platelet Therapy After Stent Implantation[NCT01813435]	Phase 3	15,991 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-07-01	Completed
Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Active-comparator, Event-driven, Superiority Phase III Study of Secondary Prevention of Stroke and Prevention of Systemic Embolism in Patients With a Recent Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source (ESUS),[NCT02313909]	Phase 3	7,213 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-12-23	Terminated (stopped due to Study halted early due to no efficacy improvement over aspirin at an interim analysis and very little chance of showing overall benefit if study were completed)
CRYptogenic STroke And underLying AF Trial[NCT00924638]	Phase 4	447 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-06-30	Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Rivaroxaban for the Prevention of Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Coronary or Peripheral Artery Disease (COMPASS - Cardiovascular OutcoMes for People Using Anticoagulation StrategieS).[NCT01776424]	Phase 3	27,395 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-02-28	Completed
Cilostazol Stroke Prevention Study for Antiplatelet Combination[NCT01995370]	Phase 4	1,884 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-12-13	Completed
The Impact of App-based Cognitive Training on Post-stroke Upper Extremity Rehabilitation[NCT05951530]		38 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-05-10	Completed
Antiplatelet Therapy in Acute Mild-Moderate Ischemic Stroke (ATAMIS): a Parallel Randomized, Open-label, Multicenter, Prospective Study[NCT02869009]	Phase 3	3,000 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-11-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Participants with bleeding event that fulfils serious adverse event criteria and is categorised as GUSTO Moderate/Severe. GUSTO is a bleeding scale (GUSTO = Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue plasminogen activator for Occluded coronary arteries). GUSTO Severe bleeding is defined as any of the following: (1) fatal bleeding, (2) intracranial bleeding, or (3) bleeding that caused haemodynamic compromise requiring intervention. GUSTO Moderate bleeding is a bleeding requiring transfusion of whole blood or packed red blood cells without haemodynamic compromise (NCT03354429)
Timeframe: From randomisation (day 1) to visit 3 (day 30-34)

Bleeding Event That Fulfils Serious Adverse Event Criteria and is Categorised as GUSTO Severe

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
TICAGRELOR	36
PLACEBO	11

Participants with bleeding event that fulfils serious adverse event criteria and is categorised as GUSTO Severe. GUSTO is a bleeding scale (GUSTO = Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue plasminogen activator for Occluded coronary arteries). GUSTO Severe bleeding is defined as any of the following: (1) fatal bleeding, (2) intracranial bleeding, or (3) bleeding that caused haemodynamic compromise requiring intervention (NCT03354429)
Timeframe: From randomisation (day 1) to visit 3 (day 30-34)

Composite of Subsequent Stroke or Death

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
TICAGRELOR	28
PLACEBO	7

Participants with subsequent stroke or death (NCT03354429)
Timeframe: From randomisation (day 1) to visit 3 (day 30-34)

ICH or Fatal Bleeding Event

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
TICAGRELOR	303
PLACEBO	362

Participants with ICH or fatal bleeding event (NCT03354429)
Timeframe: From randomisation (day 1) to visit 3 (day 30-34)

Ischaemic Stroke

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
TICAGRELOR	22
PLACEBO	6

Number of participants with ischaemic stroke (NCT03354429)
Timeframe: From randomisation (day 1) to visit 3 (day 30-34)

Number of Participants With Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) Score >1 at Visit 3

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
TICAGRELOR	276
PLACEBO	345

The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is a scale for measuring the degree of disability or dependence in the daily activities of people who have suffered a stroke or other causes of neurological disability. The scale runs from 0-6, running from perfect health without symptoms to death.0 - No symptoms,1 - No significant disability. Able to carry out all usual activities, despite some symptoms. 2 - Slight disability. Able to look after own affairs without assistance, but unable to carry out all previous activities. 3 - Moderate disability. Requires some help, but able to walk unassisted. 4 - Moderately severe disability. Unable to attend to own bodily needs without assistance, and unable to walk unassisted. 5 - Severe disability. Requires constant nursing care and attention, bedridden, incontinent. 6 - Dead. (NCT03354429)
Timeframe: Visit 3 (day 30-34)

Premature Permanent Discontinuation of IP Due to Bleeding

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
TICAGRELOR	1282
PLACEBO	1284

Participants with premature permanent discontinuation of IP due to bleeding (NCT03354429)
Timeframe: From randomisation (day 1) to visit 3 (day 30-34)

Composite of Ischemic Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, Death From Ischemic Vascular Causes, or Major Hemorrhage

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
TICAGRELOR	152
PLACEBO	32

Secondary efficacy outcome: Number of participants with ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, death from ischemic vascular causes, or major hemorrhage (NCT00991029)
Timeframe: Up to 90 days

Composite of Ischemic Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, or Death From Ischemic Vascular Causes

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Clopidogrel	141
Placebo	167

Primary efficacy outcome: Number of Participants with Ischemic Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, or Death From Ischemic Vascular Causes (NCT00991029)
Timeframe: Up to 90 days

Death From Any Cause

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Clopidogrel	121
Placebo	160

Other safety outcome: Number of Participants with Death from any cause (NCT00991029)
Timeframe: up to 90 days

Death From Ischemic Vascular Causes

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Clopidogrel	18
Placebo	12

Secondary efficacy outcome: Number of participants with Death from ischemic vascular causes (NCT00991029)
Timeframe: Up to 90 days

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Clopidogrel	6
Placebo	4

Other safety outcome: Number of participants with Hemorrhagic stroke (NCT00991029)
Timeframe: up to 90 days

Ischemic or Hemorrhagic Stroke

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Clopidogrel	5
Placebo	3

Secondary efficacy outcome: Number of participants with Ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke (NCT00991029)
Timeframe: Up to 90 days

Ischemic Stroke

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Clopidogrel	116
Placebo	156

Secondary efficacy outcome:Number of participants with Ischemic stroke (NCT00991029)
Timeframe: Up to 90 days

Major Hemorrhage

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Clopidogrel	112
Placebo	155

Primary safety outcome: Number of Participants with major hemorrhage (NCT00991029)
Timeframe: Up to 90 days

Major Hemorrhage Other Than Intracranial Hemorrhage

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Clopidogrel	23
Placebo	10

Other safety outcome: Number of Participants with Major hemorrhage other than intracranial hemorrhage (NCT00991029)
Timeframe: up to 90 days

Minor Hemorrhage

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Clopidogrel	17
Placebo	7

Other safety outcome:Number of Participants with Minor hemorrhage (NCT00991029)
Timeframe: up to 90 days

Myocardial Infarction

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Clopidogrel	40
Placebo	13

Secondary efficacy outcome: Number of participants with Myocardial infarction (NCT00991029)
Timeframe: Up to 90 days

Other Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Clopidogrel	10
Placebo	7

Other safety outcome: Number of participants with other symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (NCT00991029)
Timeframe: up to 90 days

Symptomatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Clopidogrel	2
Placebo	0

Other safety outcome: Number of participants with Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (NCT00991029)
Timeframe: up to 90 days

Adjudicated Composite of Non-fatal Stroke, Non-fatal Myocardial Infarction, or Cardiovascular Death

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Clopidogrel	2
Placebo	2

Adjudicated composite of non-fatal stroke, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), or cardiovascular death is a key secondary endpoint. The annualised event rate represents the average number of events per patient during a 1-year period. (NCT02239120)
Timeframe: From randomisation until full follow up period, up to 43 months

Adjudicated Fatal Bleed

Intervention	Annualised event rate (%/ year) (Number)
Dabigatran Etexilate 110 or 150 Milligram (mg)	4.80
Acetylsalicylic Acid, Aspirin (ASA) 100 mg	5.40

Adjudicated fatal bleeding was defined as a bleeding event which the Independent Event Adjudication Committee (IAC) determined as the primary cause of death or contributed directly to death. The annualised event rate represents the average number of events per patient during a 1-year period. Because there were 0 events in one treatment group, the hazard ratio is unable to be calculated. (NCT02239120)
Timeframe: Between the first trial medication intake up to 6 days after the last trial medication intake, approximately 42 months.

Adjudicated Intracranial Hemorrhage

Intervention	Annualised event rate (%/ year) (Number)
Dabigatran Etexilate 110 or 150 Milligram (mg)	0.00
Acetylsalicylic Acid, Aspirin (ASA) 100 mg	0.05

"Adjudicated intracranial haemorrhage comprised the subtypes of intracerebral bleeds, intraventricular bleeds, subdural bleeds, epidural bleeds, and subarachnoid bleeds. Microbleeds did not qualify as intracranial haemorrhage, except when they were symptomatic.~The annualised event rate represents the average number of events per patient during a 1-year period." (NCT02239120)
Timeframe: Between the first trial medication intake up to 6 days after the last trial medication intake, approximately 42 months.

Adjudicated Ischaemic Stroke

Intervention	Annualised event rate (%/ year) (Number)
Dabigatran Etexilate 110 or 150 Milligram (mg)	0.67
Acetylsalicylic Acid, Aspirin (ASA) 100 mg	0.63

Adjudicated ischaemic stroke is a key secondary endpoint. The annualised event rate represents the average number of events per patient during a 1-year period. (NCT02239120)
Timeframe: From randomisation until full follow up period, up to 43 months

Adjudicated Life-threatening Bleed

Intervention	Annualised event rate (%/ year) (Number)
Dabigatran Etexilate 110 or 150 Milligram (mg)	3.97
Acetylsalicylic Acid, Aspirin (ASA) 100 mg	4.71

"Major bleeds were to be classified as life-threatening if they met one or more of the following criteria: fatal bleed, symptomatic intracranial bleed, reduction in haemoglobin of at least 5 grams/ deciliter (g/dL), transfusion of at least 4 units of packed red blood cells (equivalent to 9 units in Japan), associated with hypotension requiring the use of intravenous inotropic agents, or necessitated surgical intervention.~The annualised event rate represents the average number of events per patient during a 1-year period." (NCT02239120)
Timeframe: Between the first trial medication intake up to 6 days after the last trial medication intake, approximately 42 months.

Adjudicated Recurrent Stroke

Intervention	Annualised event rate (%/ year) (Number)
Dabigatran Etexilate 110 or 150 Milligram (mg)	0.76
Acetylsalicylic Acid, Aspirin (ASA) 100 mg	0.91

Adjudicated recurrent stroke (ischemic, hemorrhagic, or unspecified) is presented. The annualised event rate represents the average number of events per patient during a 1-year period. (NCT02239120)
Timeframe: From randomisation until full follow up period, approximately 43 months.

All-cause Death

Intervention	Annualised event rate (%/ year) (Number)
Dabigatran Etexilate 110 or 150 Milligram (mg)	4.09
Acetylsalicylic Acid, Aspirin (ASA) 100 mg	4.80

All-cause death is presented. The annualised event rate represents the average number of events per patient during a 1-year period. (NCT02239120)
Timeframe: From randomisation until full follow up period, up to 43 months

Any Bleed (Investigator-reported)

Intervention	Annualised event rate (%/ year) (Number)
Dabigatran Etexilate 110 or 150 Milligram (mg)	1.24
Acetylsalicylic Acid, Aspirin (ASA) 100 mg	1.28

"This was the sum of all major and minor bleeds (Minor bleeds were clinical bleeds that did not fulfil the criteria for major bleeds), regardless of severity.~The annualised event rate represents the average number of events per patient during a 1-year period." (NCT02239120)
Timeframe: Between the first trial medication intake up to 6 days after the last trial medication intake, approximately 42 months.

Disabling Stroke

Intervention	Annualised event rate (%/ year) (Number)
Dabigatran Etexilate 110 or 150 Milligram (mg)	15.21
Acetylsalicylic Acid, Aspirin (ASA) 100 mg	11.64

Disabling stroke (modified Rankin Scale greater than or equal to 4, as determined 3 months after recurrent stroke) is presented. The annualised event rate represents the average number of events per patient during a 1-year period. (NCT02239120)
Timeframe: From randomisation until full follow up period, up to 43 months

First Major Bleed (Adjudicated)

Intervention	Annualised event rate (%/ year) (Number)
Dabigatran Etexilate 110 or 150 Milligram (mg)	0.55
Acetylsalicylic Acid, Aspirin (ASA) 100 mg	0.93

"First major bleed is primary safety endpoint. Major bleeds were defined according to the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) definition as follows:~Symptomatic bleeding in a critical area or organ, such as intracranial, intraspinal, intraocular, retroperitoneal, intra-articular or pericardial, or intramuscular with compartment syndrome and/or,~Bleeding (which should be overt) associated with a reduction in haemoglobin of at least 2 grams/ decilitre (g/dL) (1.24 millimoles Per Litre (mmol/L)), or leading to transfusion of ≥2 units of blood or packed cells (equivalent to ≥4.5 units in Japan); the haemoglobin drop should be considered to be due to and temporally related to the bleeding event and/or,~Fatal bleed. The annualised event rate represents the average number of events per patient during a 1-year period." (NCT02239120)
Timeframe: Between the first trial medication intake up to 6 days after the last trial medication intake, approximately 42 months.

EQ-5D (EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire) at End of Treatment Visit

Intervention	Annualised event rate (%/ year) (Number)
Dabigatran Etexilate 110 or 150 Milligram (mg)	1.84
Acetylsalicylic Acid, Aspirin (ASA) 100 mg	1.33

"EQ-5D index score using the UK tariff.~EQ-5D is a self assessment of 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain and discomfort, and anxiety and depression. For each dimension responders are asked to state their status on a three level ordinal scale; whether they experience no problems (Level 1), some problems (Level 2) or severe problems (Level 3). Health states defined by the 5 dimensions can be converted into a weighted health state index (health state utility) by applying scores from the EQ-5D value sets elicited from general population samples.~The higher the index score the better the health state. In this study index scores ran from -0.59 to 1." (NCT01994720)
Timeframe: End of treatment visit (Day 90+-7d)

EQ-5D (EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire) at Premature Treatment Discontinuation Visit

Intervention	Index score (Mean)
Ticagrelor 90 mg	0.85
ASA 100 mg	0.84

EQ-5D at Visit 1 (Enrolment)

Intervention	Index score (Mean)
Ticagrelor 90 mg	0.72
ASA 100 mg	0.68

"EQ-5D (EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire) index score using the UK tariff.~EQ-5D is a self assessment of 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain and discomfort, and anxiety and depression. For each dimension responders are asked to state their status on a three level ordinal scale; whether they experience no problems (Level 1), some problems (Level 2) or severe problems (Level 3). Health states defined by the 5 dimensions can be converted into a weighted health state index (health state utility) by applying scores from the EQ-5D value sets elicited from general population samples.~The higher the index score the better the health state. In this study index scores ran from -0.59 to 1." (NCT01994720)
Timeframe: Visit 1 (Enrolment)

EQ-5D at Visit 2 (Day 7+-2d)

Intervention	Index score (Mean)
Ticagrelor 90 mg	0.70
ASA 100 mg	0.70

Net Clinical Outcome

Intervention	Index score (Mean)
Ticagrelor 90 mg	0.80
ASA 100 mg	0.79

Participants with stroke, MI, death or life-threatening bleeding. If no event, censoring occures at the minimum of (last date of event assessment, end of treatment date, day 97). (NCT01994720)
Timeframe: From randomization up to 97 days

Number of Participants by Severity of Stroke and Overall Disability

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Ticagrelor 90 mg	457
ASA 100 mg	508

"Analysis of severity of stroke and overall disability of patients, using the modified Rankin Score, mRS.~Modified Rankin Score:~0 - No symptoms.~- No significant disability. Able to carry out all usual activities, despite some symptoms.~- Slight disability. Able to look after own affairs without assistance, but unable to carry out all previous activities.~- Moderate disability. Requires some help, but able to walk unassisted.~- Moderately severe disability. Unable to attend to own bodily needs without assistance, and unable to walk unassisted.~- Severe disability. Requires constant nursing care and attention, bedridden, incontinent.~- Dead.~Disability defined as mRS > 1.~Odds ratio and p-value are calculated for ticagrelor versus ASA from a logistic regression model with treatment group, history of stroke and NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) at baseline as explanatory variables." (NCT01994720)
Timeframe: From randomization up to 97 days

Number of Participants With All-Cause Death

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Ticagrelor 90 mg	1107
ASA 100 mg	1194

Participants with all-cause death. If no event, censoring at the minimum of (last date of event assessment, end of treatment date, day 97). (NCT01994720)
Timeframe: From randomization up to 97 days

Number of Participants With Composite of Ischaemic Stroke, MI and CV Death

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Ticagrelor 90 mg	68
ASA 100 mg	58

Participants with ischaemic stroke, MI or CV death. If no event, censoring at the minimum of (last date of event assessment, date of death from non-CV causes, end of treatment date, day 97). (NCT01994720)
Timeframe: From randomization up to 97 days

Number of Participants With Composite of Stroke/MI/Death

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Ticagrelor 90 mg	423
ASA 100 mg	475

Participants with stroke, MI or death. If no event, censoring occures at the minimum of (last date of event assessment, end of treatment date, day 97). (NCT01994720)
Timeframe: From randomization up to 97 days

Number of Participants With CV Death

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Ticagrelor 90 mg	442
ASA 100 mg	497

Participants with CV death. If no event, censoring at the minimum of (last date of event assessment, date of death from non-CV causes, end of treatment date, day 97). (NCT01994720)
Timeframe: From randomization up to 97 days

Number of Participants With Disabling Stroke

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Ticagrelor 90 mg	41
ASA 100 mg	35

Participants with disabling stroke. If no event, censoring at the minimum of (last date of event assessment, date of death, end of treatment date, day 97). (NCT01994720)
Timeframe: From randomization up to 97 days

Number of Participants With Fatal Stroke

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Ticagrelor 90 mg	277
ASA 100 mg	307

Participants with fatal stroke. If no event, censoring at the minimum of (last date of event assessment, date of death from non-CV causes, end of treatment date, day 97). (NCT01994720)
Timeframe: From randomization up to 97 days

Number of Participants With Ischaemic Stroke

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Ticagrelor 90 mg	18
ASA 100 mg	17

Participants with ischaemic stroke. If no event, censoring occures at the minimum of (last date of event assessment, date of death, end of treatment date, day 97). (NCT01994720)
Timeframe: From randomization up to 97 days

Number of Participants With MI

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Ticagrelor 90 mg	385
ASA 100 mg	441

Participants with MI. If no event, censoring at the minimum of (last date of event assessment, date of death, end of treatment date, day 97) (NCT01994720)
Timeframe: From randomization up to 97 days

Number of Participants With PLATO Major Bleeding Event

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Ticagrelor 90 mg	25
ASA 100 mg	21

"Participants with PLATO Major bleeding. If no event, censoring occures at the minimum of (last date of event assessment, date of death, end of treatment date, day 97).~PLATO Major bleeding is defined as a bleed that is any one of:~Fatal~Intracranial (excluding asymptomatic haemorrhagic transformations of ischemic brain infarctions and excluding micro-hemorrhages <10 mm evident only on gradient-echo MRI)~Intrapericardial bleed with cardiac tamponade~Hypovolaemic shock or severe hypotension due to bleeding and requiring pressors or surgery~Significantly disabling (eg. intraocular with permanent vision loss)~Clinically overt or apparent bleeding associated with a decrease in Hb of more than 30 g/L (1.9 mmol/L; 0.465 mmol/L)~Transfusion of 2 or more units (whole blood or packed red blood cells [PRBCs]) for bleeding." (NCT01994720)
Timeframe: From randomization up to 97 days

Number of Participants With Premature Discontinuation of Study Drug Due to Any Bleeding Adverse Event

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Ticagrelor 90 mg	31
ASA 100 mg	38

Participants discontinuation of study drug due to any bleeding adverse event. If no event, censoring occures at the minimum of (last date of event assessment, date of death, end of treatment date, day 97). (NCT01994720)
Timeframe: Time from first dose and up to and including 7 days following the date of last dose of the study

Number of Participants With Stroke

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Ticagrelor 90 mg	82
ASA 100 mg	37

Participants with stroke. If no event, censoring at the minimum of (last date of event assessment, date of death, end of treatment date, day 97) (NCT01994720)
Timeframe: From randomization up to 97 days

Change in NIHSS

"Change from baseline to end of treatment visit in NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale):~0 No stroke symptoms 1-4 Minor stroke 5-15 Moderate stroke 16-20 Moderate to severe stroke 21-42 Severe stroke." (NCT01994720)
Timeframe: From randomization up to 97 days

Number of Participants With a Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) 3 or 5 Bleeding

"BARC definition. We only considered BARC 3 or 5 for this secondary safety endpoint.~Type 3: Clinical, laboratory, and/or imaging evidence of bleeding with:~Type 3a:~Overt bleeding + Hb drop of 3 to < 5 g/dL (provided Hb drop is related to bleed)~Any transfusion with overt bleeding~Type 3b:~Overt bleeding + Hb drop ≥5 g/dL (provided Hb drop is related to bleed)~Cardiac tamponade~Bleeding requiring surgical intervention (excluding dental/nasal/skin/haemorrhoid)~Bleeding requiring intravenous vasoactive agents~Type 3c:~Intracranial haemorrhage (does not include microbleeds or haemorrhagic transformation, does include intraspinal)~Subcategories confirmed by autopsy or imaging or lumbar puncture~Intraocular bleed compromising vision. Type 5: Fatal bleeding~Type 5a:~• Probable fatal bleeding; no autopsy or imaging confirmation but clinically suspicious~Type 5b:~Definite fatal bleeding; overt bleeding or autopsy or imaging confirmation" (NCT01813435)
Timeframe: 2 year

Number of Participants With a Composite of All-cause Mortality or Non-fatal New Q-wave Myocardial Infarction (MI)

Number of Participants with a composite of all-cause mortality or non-fatal new Q-wave MI up to 2 years post randomisation. (NCT01813435)
Timeframe: 2 year

Number of Participants With a Composite of All-cause Mortality, Stroke, or New Q-wave Myocardial Infarction

shown are the first event per event type for each patient only. Multiple events of the same type within the same patient are disregarded (NCT01813435)
Timeframe: 2-year

Number of Participants With a Definite Stent Thrombosis

Number of Participants With a Myocardial Revascularisation

Number of Participants With a Stroke

Number of Participants With All-cause Mortality

Number of Participants With Myocardial Infarction

Number of Participants With New Q-wave Myocardial Infarction

Incidence Rate of a Major Bleeding Event According to the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) Criteria (Adjudicated)

Major bleeding event (as per ISTH), defined as bleeding event that met at least one of following: fatal bleeding; symptomatic bleeding in a critical area or organ (intraarticular, intramuscular with compartment syndrome, intraocular, intraspinal, pericardial, or retroperitoneal); symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage; clinically overt bleeding associated with a recent decrease in the hemoglobin level of greater than or equal to (>=) 2 grams per decilitre (g/dL) (20 grams per liter [g/L]; 1.24 millimoles per liter [mmol/L]) compared to the most recent hemoglobin value available before the event; clinically overt bleeding leading to transfusion of 2 or more units of packed red blood cells or whole blood. The results were based on classification of events that have been positively adjudicated as major bleeding events. Incidence rate estimated as number of subjects with incident events divided by cumulative at-risk time, where subject is no longer at risk once an incident event occurred. (NCT02313909)
Timeframe: From randomization until the efficacy cut-off date (median 326 days)

Incidence Rate of All-Cause Mortality

All-cause mortality includes all deaths of participants due to any cause. (NCT02313909)
Timeframe: From randomization until the efficacy cut-off date (median 326 days)

Incidence Rate of Any of the Following: Cardiovascular Death, Recurrent Stroke, Systemic Embolism and Myocardial Infarction

Incidence rate estimated as number of participants with incident events divided by cumulative at-risk time, where participant is no longer at risk once an incident event occurred. Cardiovascular death includes death due to hemorrhage and death with undetermined/unknown cause. Systemic embolism is defined as abrupt vascular insufficiency associated with clinical or radiological evidence of arterial occlusion in the absence of other likely mechanisms. The diagnosis of myocardial infarction requires the combination of: 1)evidence of myocardial necrosis (either changes in cardiac biomarkers or post-mortem pathological findings); and 2)supporting information derived from the clinical presentation, electrocardiographic changes, or the results of myocardial or coronary artery imaging. (NCT02313909)
Timeframe: From randomization until the efficacy cut-off date (median 326 days)

Incidence Rate of Clinically Relevant Non-Major Bleeding Events

Non-major clinically relevant bleeding was defined as non-major overt bleeding but required medical attention (example: hospitalization, medical treatment for bleeding), and/or was associated with the study drug interruption of more than 14 days. The results were based on the outcome events at or after randomization until the efficacy cut-off date. Incidence rate estimated as number of participants with incident events divided by cumulative at-risk time, where participant is no longer at risk once an incident event occurred. (NCT02313909)
Timeframe: From randomization until the efficacy cut-off date (median 326 days)

Incidence Rate of Intracranial Hemorrhage

Intracranial hemorrhage included all bleeding events that occurred in intracerebral, sub arachnoidal as well as subdural or epidural sites. The below table displays results for all randomized participants and the outcomes at or after randomization until the efficacy cut-off date. Incidence rate estimated as number of participants with incident events divided by cumulative at-risk time, where participant is no longer at risk once an incident event occurred. (NCT02313909)
Timeframe: From randomization until the efficacy cut-off date (median 326 days)

Incidence Rate of Life-Threatening Bleeding Events

Life-threatening bleeding was defined as a subset of major bleeding that met at least one of the following criteria: 1) fatal bleeding; 2) symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage; 3) reduction in hemoglobin of at least 5 g/dl (50 g/l; 3.10 mmol/L); 4) transfusion of at least 4 units of packed red cells or whole blood; 5) associated with hypotension requiring the use of intravenous inotropic agents; 6) necessitated surgical intervention. Incidence rate estimated as number of participants with incident events divided by cumulative at-risk time, where participant is no longer at risk once an incident event occurred. (NCT02313909)
Timeframe: From randomization until the efficacy cut-off date (median 326 days)

Incidence Rate of the Composite Efficacy Outcome (Adjudicated)

Components of composite efficacy outcome (adjudicated) includes stroke (ischemic, hemorrhagic, and undefined stroke, TIA with positive neuroimaging) and systemic embolism. Incidence rate estimated as number of participants with incident events divided by cumulative at-risk time, where participant is no longer at risk once an incident event occurred. (NCT02313909)
Timeframe: From randomization until the efficacy cut-off date (median 326 days)

Incidence Rate of the Following: Stroke, Ischemic Stroke, Disabling Stroke, Cardiovascular (CV) Death, Myocardial Infarction

"Disabling stroke is defined as stroke with modified Rankin score (mRS) greater than or equal to (>=) 4 as assessed by investigator. mRS spans 0-6, running from perfect health to death. A score of 0-3 indicates functional status ranging from no symptoms to moderate disability (defined in the mRS as requiring some help, but able to walk without assistance); mRS 4-6 indicates functional status ranging from moderately severe disability (unable to walk or to attend to own bodily needs without assistance)through to death. CV death includes death due to hemorrhage and death with undetermined/unknown cause. Diagnosis of myocardial infarction requires combination of: 1) evidence of myocardial necrosis either changes in cardiac biomarkers or post-mortem pathological findings); 2) supporting information derived from clinical presentation, electrocardiographic changes, or results of myocardial or coronary artery imaging." (NCT02313909)
Timeframe: From randomization until the efficacy cut-off date (median 326 days)

AF Detection Rate Within 12 Months

Percentage of subjects with AF detected within 12 months of follow-up (NCT00924638)
Timeframe: 12 months

AF Detection Rate Within 6 Months

Percentage of subjects with AF detected within 6 months of follow-up (NCT00924638)
Timeframe: 6 months

Clinical Disease Burden and Care Pathway

Incidence of cardiovascular (CV) or stroke/TIA related hospitalizations within 12 months (NCT00924638)
Timeframe: 12 months

Health Outcome as Evaluated by EQ-5D Questionnaire

EQ-5D VAS (visual analog scale) quality of life score, which is a continuous measure of quality of life ranging from 0 (worst) to 100 (perfect health). (NCT00924638)
Timeframe: 12 months

Incidence of Recurrent Stroke or TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack)

Percentage of subjects with recurrent stroke or TIA within 12 months of follow-up (NCT00924638)
Timeframe: 12 months

Use of Antiarrhythmic Drugs

Percentage of subjects who were using antiarrhythmic drugs at the 12 months follow-up visit (NCT00924638)
Timeframe: 12 months

Use of Oral Anticoagulation (OAC) Drugs

Percentage of subjects who were using OAC drugs at the 12 months follow-up visit (NCT00924638)
Timeframe: 12 months

Impact of Patient Assistant Use on AF Diagnosis

AF detection lag (days from AF occurrence to AF diagnosis) characterized by patient assistant (PA) use frequency (NCT00924638)
Timeframe: Follow-up closure

All-cause Mortality

Count of participants and time from randomization to death by all cause were evaluated. Hazard ratios were calculated and reported as statistical analysis. (NCT01776424)
Timeframe: For each participants, death by any cause after randomization up until the global rivaroxaban/aspirin outcomes cut-off date (06 FEB 2017) was considered. The mean time in follow-up until that date was 702 days.

All-cause Mortality in LTOLE Part

Count of participants from COMPASS LTOLE initiation visit to death by all cause were evaluated. LTOLE: long-term open-lable extension (NCT01776424)
Timeframe: For each participants, death by any cause after COMPASS LTOLE initiation visit up until the the last LTOLE part contact date was considered. The mean time in follow-up until that date was 428 days.

The First Occurrence of MI, Ischemic Stroke, ALI, or Cardiovascular (CV) Death

Count of participants and time from randomization to the first occurrence of MI, ischemic stroke, ALI, or CV death were evaluated. Hazard ratios were calculated and reported as statistical analysis. (NCT01776424)
Timeframe: For each participant, the first occurrence of MI, ischemic stroke, ALI, or CV death after randomization up until the global rivaroxaban/aspirin outcomes cut-off date (06 FEB 2017) was considered. The mean time in follow-up until that date was 702 days.

The First Occurrence of Myocardial Infarction (MI), Ischemic Stroke, Acute Limb Ischemia (ALI), or Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Death

Count of participants and time from randomization to the first occurrence of MI, ischemic stroke, ALI, or CHD death were evaluated. Hazard ratios were calculated and reported as statistical analysis. (NCT01776424)
Timeframe: For each participant, the first occurrence of MI, ALI, or CHD death after randomization up until the global rivaroxaban/aspirin outcomes cut-off date (06 FEB 2017) was considered. The mean time in follow-up until that date was 702 days.

The First Occurrence of the Composite Primary Efficacy Outcome, Myocardial Infarction (MI), Stroke, or Cardiovascular (CV) Death

Count of participants and time from randomization to the first occurrence of the composite primary efficacy outcome, MI, stroke, or CV death were evaluated. Hazard ratios were calculated and reported as statistical analysis. (NCT01776424)
Timeframe: For each participant, the first occurrence of the composite primary efficacy outcome after randomization up until the global rivaroxaban/aspirin outcomes cut-off date (06 FEB 2017) was considered. The mean time in follow-up until that date was 702 days.

The First Occurrence of the Composite Primary Efficacy Outcome, Myocardial Infarction (MI), Stroke, or Cardiovascular (CV) Death in LTOLE Part

Count of participants from COMPASS LTOLE initiation visit to the first occurrence of the composite primary efficacy outcome, MI, stroke, or CV death were evaluated. LTOLE: long-term open-lable extension (NCT01776424)
Timeframe: For each participant, the first occurrence of the composite primary efficacy outcome after from COMPASS LTOLE initiation visit up until last LTOLE part contact date was considered. The mean time in follow-up was 428 days.

The First Occurrence of the Primary Safety Outcome Major Bleeding Based on a Modification of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) Criteria

"Modified ISTH major bleeding is defined as: i) Fatal bleeding, or ii) Symptomatic bleeding in a critical area or organ, such as intraarticular, intracranial, intramuscular with compartment syndrome, intraocular, intraspinal, liver, pancreas, pericardial, respiratory, retroperitoneal, adrenal gland or kidney; or bleeding into the surgical site requiring reoperation, or iii) Bleeding leading to hospitalization (major bleeding also includes presentation to an acute care facility with discharge on the same day).~Count of participants and time from randomization to the first occurrence of the primary safety outcome major bleeding were evaluated. Hazard ratios were calculated and reported as statistical analysis." (NCT01776424)
Timeframe: For each participant, the first occurrence of modified ISTH major bleeding after randomization up until the global rivaroxaban/aspirin outcomes cut-off date (06 FEB 2017) was considered. The mean time in follow-up until that date was 702 days.

The First Occurrence of the Primary Safety Outcome Major Bleeding Based on a Modification of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) Criteria in LTOLE Part

"Modified ISTH major bleeding is defined as: i) Fatal bleeding, or ii) Symptomatic bleeding in a critical area or organ, such as intraarticular, intracranial, intramuscular with compartment syndrome, intraocular, intraspinal, liver, pancreas, pericardial, respiratory, retroperitoneal, adrenal gland or kidney; or bleeding into the surgical site requiring reoperation, or iii) Bleeding leading to hospitalization (major bleeding also includes presentation to an acute care facility with discharge on the same day).~Count of participants from COMPASS LTOLE initiation visit to the first occurrence of the primary safety outcome major bleeding was evaluated. LTOLE: long-term open-lable extension" (NCT01776424)
Timeframe: For each participant, the first occurrence of modified ISTH major bleeding from COMPASS LTOLE initiation visit up until 2 days after the last treatment in LTOLE part was considered. The mean time in follow-up was 421 days.

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	<=-5	-4	-3	-2	-1	0	1	2	3	4	5	>5	Missing
ASA 100 mg	127	438	810	1073	1131	683	79	31	16	11	6	14	450
Ticagrelor 90 mg	132	403	779	1088	1099	681	67	28	18	13	6	10	474

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Experimental Treatment Strategy	163
Reference Treatment Strategy	169

Intervention	event/100 participant-years (Number)
	Stroke	Ischemic stroke	Disabling stroke	CV death(includes death due to hemorrhage)	Myocardial infarction
Acetylsalicylic Acid 100 mg OD	4.71	4.56	0.84	0.66	0.67
Rivaroxaban 15 mg OD	5.11	4.71	1.20	0.99	0.49

Intervention	days from AF occurrence to AF diagnosis (Mean)
	PA used everyday	PA used most of the time (5-6 days/week)	PA used sometimes (3-4 days/week)	PA used rarely (1-2 days/week)	PA never used	PA use frequency not reported
Continuous Monitoring	14.0	25.0	174.8	15.3	92.0	20.0

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Rivaroxaban 2.5mg + Aspirin 100mg	313
Rivaroxaban 5mg + Aspirin Placebo	366
Rivaroxaban Placebo + Aspirin 100mg	378

Article	Year
Ischemic stroke as a presenting manifestation of polycythemia vera: a narrative review. Reviews in the neurosciences, 2022, 04-26, Volume: 33, Issue:3 Topics: Aspirin; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Janus Kinase 2; Polycythemia Vera; Thrombosis	2022
The Role of Thromboxane in the Course and Treatment of Ischemic Stroke: Review. International journal of molecular sciences, 2021, Oct-28, Volume: 22, Issue:21 Topics: Animals; Aspirin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Fibrinolytic Agents; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Thromboxane	2021
Comparison of Ticagrelor vs Clopidogrel in Addition to Aspirin in Patients With Minor Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Network Meta-analysis. JAMA neurology, 2022, 02-01, Volume: 79, Issue:2 Topics: Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy; Humans; Ischemic Attack	2022
Oral antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2022, 01-14, Volume: 1 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Randomized Contro	2022
Antiplatelet Use in Ischemic Stroke. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 2022, Volume: 56, Issue:10 Topics: Aspirin; Cilostazol; Clopidogrel; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Platelet Aggre	2022
The Importance of Platelets Response during Antiplatelet Treatment after Ischemic Stroke-Between Benefit and Risk: A Systematic Review. International journal of molecular sciences, 2022, Jan-18, Volume: 23, Issue:3 Topics: Aspirin; Blood Platelets; Drug Resistance; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Plate	2022
Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Versus Aspirin in Early Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in immunology, 2022, Volume: 13 Topics: Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Hemorrhage; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; Humans; Ischemic Stroke	2022
P2Y12 inhibitors plus aspirin for acute treatment and secondary prevention in minor stroke and high-risk transient ischemic attack: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of internal medicine, 2022, Volume: 100 Topics: Aspirin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Ischemic Stroke; Platelet Ag	2022
Contemporary antiplatelet therapy for secondary stroke prevention: a narrative review of current literature and guidelines. Stroke and vascular neurology, 2022, Volume: 7, Issue:5 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Cilostazol; Clopidogrel; Dipyridamole; Humans; Ischemic Attack, Transient;	2022
Review and update of the concept of embolic stroke of undetermined source. Nature reviews. Neurology, 2022, Volume: 18, Issue:8 Topics: Administration, Oral; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Embolic Stroke; Humans; Intracranial Embolism; Ischem	2022
Review and update of the concept of embolic stroke of undetermined source. Nature reviews. Neurology, 2022, Volume: 18, Issue:8 Topics: Administration, Oral; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Embolic Stroke; Humans; Intracranial Embolism; Ischem	2022
Review and update of the concept of embolic stroke of undetermined source. Nature reviews. Neurology, 2022, Volume: 18, Issue:8 Topics: Administration, Oral; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Embolic Stroke; Humans; Intracranial Embolism; Ischem	2022
Review and update of the concept of embolic stroke of undetermined source. Nature reviews. Neurology, 2022, Volume: 18, Issue:8 Topics: Administration, Oral; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Embolic Stroke; Humans; Intracranial Embolism; Ischem	2022
Review and update of the concept of embolic stroke of undetermined source. Nature reviews. Neurology, 2022, Volume: 18, Issue:8 Topics: Administration, Oral; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Embolic Stroke; Humans; Intracranial Embolism; Ischem	2022
Review and update of the concept of embolic stroke of undetermined source. Nature reviews. Neurology, 2022, Volume: 18, Issue:8 Topics: Administration, Oral; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Embolic Stroke; Humans; Intracranial Embolism; Ischem	2022
Review and update of the concept of embolic stroke of undetermined source. Nature reviews. Neurology, 2022, Volume: 18, Issue:8 Topics: Administration, Oral; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Embolic Stroke; Humans; Intracranial Embolism; Ischem	2022
Review and update of the concept of embolic stroke of undetermined source. Nature reviews. Neurology, 2022, Volume: 18, Issue:8 Topics: Administration, Oral; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Embolic Stroke; Humans; Intracranial Embolism; Ischem	2022
Review and update of the concept of embolic stroke of undetermined source. Nature reviews. Neurology, 2022, Volume: 18, Issue:8 Topics: Administration, Oral; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Embolic Stroke; Humans; Intracranial Embolism; Ischem	2022
Comparison of Aspirin and P2Y Current reviews in clinical and experimental pharmacology, 2023, Volume: 18, Issue:3 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Hemorrhage; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Secon	2023
Does prior use of antiplatelet therapy modify the effect of dual antiplatelet therapy in transient ischaemic attack/minor ischaemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of neurology, 2022, Volume: 29, Issue:9 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Ischemic Str	2022
Antithrombotic therapy for secondary prevention in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack: A multiple treatment network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PloS one, 2022, Volume: 17, Issue:8 Topics: Aspirin; Cilostazol; Fibrinolytic Agents; Hemorrhage; Humans; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Ischemic S	2022
Antiplatelet therapy after noncardioembolic ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Expert review of clinical pharmacology, 2022, Volume: 15, Issue:9 Topics: Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Dipyridamole; Drug Therapy, Combination; Factor XI; Fibrinolyt	2022
The Applicability of Thromboelastography in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Literature Review. Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis, 2022, Volume: 48, Issue:7 Topics: Aspirin; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Factor Xa Inhibitors; Fibrinolytic Agents; Humans; Ischemic St	2022
The use of dual antiplatelet therapy for ischemic cerebrovascular events. Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2023, Volume: 44, Issue:1 Topics: Aspirin; Atherosclerosis; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Ischemic St	2023
Navigating Antiplatelet Treatment Options for Stroke: Evidence-Based and Pragmatic Strategies. Current neurology and neuroscience reports, 2022, Volume: 22, Issue:11 Topics: Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hemorrhage; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Platelet Aggre	2022
Prophylactic Efficacy and Safety of Antithrombotic Regimens in Patients with Stable Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (S-ASCVD): A Bayesian Network Meta-Regression Analysis. American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions, 2023, Volume: 23, Issue:3 Topics: Aspirin; Atherosclerosis; Bayes Theorem; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clopidogrel; Drug Therapy, Combina	2023
Contemporary Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Therapies for Secondary Stroke Prevention: A Narrative Review of Current Literature and Guidelines. Current neurology and neuroscience reports, 2023, Volume: 23, Issue:5 Topics: Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hemorrhage; Humans; Ischemic Attack	2023
Efficacy and Safety of Ticagrelor versus Aspirin and Clopidogrel for Stroke Prevention in Patients with Vascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. European neurology, 2023, Volume: 86, Issue:4 Topics: Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hemorrhage; Humans; Intracranial Hemorrhages; Ische	2023
Pharmacological interventions for asymptomatic carotid stenosis. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2023, 08-04, Volume: 8 Topics: Aspirin; Atherosclerosis; Atorvastatin; Carotid Stenosis; Chlorthalidone; Fluvastatin; Hemorrhage; H	2023
Ticagrelor plus aspirin in patients with minor ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack: a network meta-analysis. BMC neurology, 2023, Aug-14, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hemorrhage; Humans; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Isc	2023
Comparison of Different Chronic Maintenance Antithrombotic Strategies in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Cardiovascular therapeutics, 2023, Volume: 2023 Topics: Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Coronary Artery Disease; Fibrinolytic Agents; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Network	2023
Clinical Updates on Antiplatelet Therapy for Secondary Prevention in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Acta neurologica Taiwanica, 2023, Sep-30, Volume: 32(3) Topics: Aspirin; Cerebral Infarction; Clopidogrel; Humans; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Ischemic Stroke; Plat	2023
Outcomes Associated With Clopidogrel-Aspirin Use in Minor Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Pooled Analysis of Clopidogrel in High-Risk Patients With Acute Non-Disabling Cerebrovascular Events (CHANCE) and Platelet-Oriented Inhibition in New TIA and JAMA neurology, 2019, 12-01, Volume: 76, Issue:12 Topics: Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy; Humans; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Ischemic Strok	2019
Aspirin or anticoagulation after cryptogenic stroke with patent foramen ovale: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2020, Volume: 41, Issue:10 Topics: Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Foramen Ovale, Patent; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Middle Aged; Randomized Con	2020
Antiplatelet therapy for transient ischaemic attack and minor ischaemic stroke. British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005), 2020, Jun-02, Volume: 81, Issue:6 Topics: Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy; Early Medical Intervention; Humans; Ischemic Attac	2020
Aspirin after Acute Ischemic Stroke. American family physician, 2020, 09-01, Volume: 102, Issue:5 Topics: Aspirin; Hemorrhage; Humans; Intracranial Hemorrhages; Ischemic Stroke; Mortality; Odds Ratio; Plate	2020
Aspirin in primary prevention. Meta-analysis stratified by baseline cardiovascular risk. Archivos de cardiologia de Mexico, 2020, Volume: 90, Issue:3 Topics: Aspirin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Hemorrhage; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; M	2020
Antiplatelet Therapy for Transient Ischemic Attack and Minor Stroke. Stroke, 2020, Volume: 51, Issue:11 Topics: Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Drug Resistance; Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy; Hemorrhage; Humans; Ischemic Atta	2020
Cilostazol Versus Aspirin for Secondary Stroke Prevention: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association, 2021, Volume: 30, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Aspirin; Cilostazol; Female; Humans; Intracranial Hemorrhages; Ische	2021
Multifactorial Background for a Low Biological Response to Antiplatelet Agents Used in Stroke Prevention. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2021, Jan-10, Volume: 57, Issue:1 Topics: Aspirin; Biological Availability; Clopidogrel; Drug Interactions; Drug Resistance; Humans; Ischemic	2021
Stroke in Pregnancy: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America, 2021, Volume: 48, Issue:1 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Diseases; Cardiomyopathies; Cesarean Section; Eclampsia; Embolism, Paradoxical; Femal	2021
Ticagrelor vs Clopidogrel in addition to Aspirin in minor ischemic stroke/ transient ischemic attack-Protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis. PloS one, 2021, Volume: 16, Issue:4 Topics: Aspirin; Bayes Theorem; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dual Anti-Platelet T	2021
Meta-Analysis of Usefulness of Antiplatelet Therapy in Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack. The American journal of cardiology, 2021, 08-15, Volume: 153 Topics: Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy; Early Medical Intervention; Hemorrhage; Humans; Is	2021
Clinical Effects of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy or Aspirin Monotherapy after Acute Minor Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack, a Meta-Analysis. Current pharmaceutical design, 2021, Volume: 27, Issue:40 Topics: Aspirin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Ischemic Stroke; Platelet Ag	2021
P2Y12 receptor inhibitor plus aspirin versus aspirin treated within 24 hours of acute noncardioembolic ischemic stroke or TIA: Meta-analysis. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi, 2022, Volume: 121, Issue:6 Topics: Aspirin; Cerebral Infarction; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hemorrhage; Humans; Intracranial Hemorrhage	2022
Review of acute ischaemic stroke in Pakistan: progress in management and future perspectives. Stroke and vascular neurology, 2017, Volume: 2, Issue:1 Topics: Aspirin; Diffusion of Innovation; Endovascular Procedures; Forecasting; Health Services Accessibilit	2017

Article	Year
Ischemic Benefit and Hemorrhage Risk of Ticagrelor-Aspirin Versus Aspirin in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack. Stroke, 2021, Volume: 52, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspirin; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; H	2021
Ticagrelor versus Clopidogrel in The New England journal of medicine, 2021, 12-30, Volume: 385, Issue:27 Topics: Aged; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination	2021
Bleeding Risk of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy after Minor Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack. Annals of neurology, 2022, Volume: 91, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Alleles; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Ge	2022
Effects of Dose Titration on Dipyridamole-Induced Headache: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 2022, Volume: 51, Issue:4 Topics: Aspirin; Dipyridamole; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Headache; Humans; Ischemic At	2022
Infarct on Brain Imaging, Subsequent Ischemic Stroke, and Clopidogrel-Aspirin Efficacy: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA neurology, 2022, Mar-01, Volume: 79, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Aspirin; Cerebral Infarction; Clopidogrel; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Ischemic	2022
Dabigatran versus aspirin for stroke prevention after cryptogenic stroke with patent foramen ovale: A prospective study. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 2022, Volume: 215 Topics: Aspirin; Dabigatran; Foramen Ovale, Patent; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Prospective Studies; Recurrence	2022
Indobufen versus aspirin in acute ischaemic stroke (INSURE): rationale and design of a multicentre randomised trial. Stroke and vascular neurology, 2022, Volume: 7, Issue:5 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Hemorrhage; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Strok	2022
Efficacy and safety of lumbrokinase plus aspirin versus aspirin alone for acute ischemic stroke (LUCENT): study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Trials, 2022, Apr-11, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aspirin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Endopeptidases; Humans; Ischemic	2022
Time Course for Benefit and Risk With Ticagrelor and Aspirin in Individuals With Acute Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Who Carry CYP2C19 Loss-of-Function Alleles: A Secondary Analysis of the CHANCE-2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA neurology, 2022, 08-01, Volume: 79, Issue:8 Topics: Aged; Alleles; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; He	2022
Dual antiplatelet therapy with cilostazol in stroke patients with extracranial arterial stenosis or without arterial stenosis: A subgroup analysis of the CSPS.com trial. International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society, 2023, Volume: 18, Issue:4 Topics: Aspirin; Cerebral Infarction; Cilostazol; Clopidogrel; Constriction, Pathologic; Drug Therapy, Combi	2023
Efficacy and safety of butylphthalide in secondary prevention of stroke: study protocol for a multicenter, real world trial based on Internet. BMC neurology, 2022, Aug-19, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Aspirin; Benzofurans; Clopidogrel; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Internet; Ischemic Stroke; Multicent	2022
RESCUE BT 2, a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy trial of intravenous tirofiban in acute ischemic stroke: Study rationale and design. International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society, 2023, Volume: 18, Issue:5 Topics: Aspirin; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Prospective	2023
Polypill Strategy in Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention. The New England journal of medicine, 2022, 09-15, Volume: 387, Issue:11 Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Aspirin; Atorvastatin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Hy	2022
Polypill Strategy in Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention. The New England journal of medicine, 2022, 09-15, Volume: 387, Issue:11 Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Aspirin; Atorvastatin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Hy	2022
Polypill Strategy in Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention. The New England journal of medicine, 2022, 09-15, Volume: 387, Issue:11 Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Aspirin; Atorvastatin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Hy	2022
Polypill Strategy in Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention. The New England journal of medicine, 2022, 09-15, Volume: 387, Issue:11 Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Aspirin; Atorvastatin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Hy	2022
Rationale and design of the AXIOMATIC-SSP phase II trial: Antithrombotic treatment with factor XIa inhibition to Optimize Management of Acute Thromboembolic events for Secondary Stroke Prevention. Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association, 2022, Volume: 31, Issue:10 Topics: Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Factor XIa; Fibrinolytic Agent	2022
Indobufen or Aspirin on Top of Clopidogrel After Coronary Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation (OPTION): A Randomized, Open-Label, End Point-Blinded, Noninferiority Trial. Circulation, 2023, 01-17, Volume: 147, Issue:3 Topics: Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drug-Eluting Stents; Hemorrhage; Humans; Ischemic S	2023
A randomized pilot study of the efficacy and safety of loading ticagrelor in acute ischemic stroke. Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2023, Volume: 44, Issue:2 Topics: Aspirin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Ischemic Stroke; Pilot Proje	2023
A randomized pilot study of the efficacy and safety of loading ticagrelor in acute ischemic stroke. Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2023, Volume: 44, Issue:2 Topics: Aspirin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Ischemic Stroke; Pilot Proje	2023
A randomized pilot study of the efficacy and safety of loading ticagrelor in acute ischemic stroke. Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2023, Volume: 44, Issue:2 Topics: Aspirin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Ischemic Stroke; Pilot Proje	2023
A randomized pilot study of the efficacy and safety of loading ticagrelor in acute ischemic stroke. Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2023, Volume: 44, Issue:2 Topics: Aspirin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Ischemic Stroke; Pilot Proje	2023
Rivaroxaban plus aspirin versus acenocoumarol to manage recurrent venous thromboembolic events despite systemic anticoagulation with rivaroxaban. Thrombosis research, 2023, Volume: 222 Topics: Acenocoumarol; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Hemorrhage; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Pilot Projects; Pulmona	2023
Antiplatelet effect of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine injection in acute ischemic stroke: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2023, Volume: 37, Issue:5 Topics: Aspirin; Ginkgo biloba; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Stroke	2023
Rationale and design of a randomised double-blind 2×2 factorial trial comparing the effect of a 3-month intensive statin and antiplatelet therapy for patients with acute mild ischaemic stroke or high-risk TIA with intracranial or extracranial atherosclero Stroke and vascular neurology, 2023, Volume: 8, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aspirin; Atherosclerosis; Atorvastatin; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel;	2023
Dual antiplatelet Use for extended period taRgeted to AcuTe ischemic stroke with presumed atherosclerotic OrigiN (DURATION) trial: Rationale and design. International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society, 2023, Volume: 18, Issue:8 Topics: Aspirin; Atherosclerosis; Clopidogrel; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hemorrhage; Humans; Ischemic Strok	2023
Subsequent ischemic stroke and tobacco smoking: A secondary analysis of the POINT trial. European stroke journal, 2023, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Hemorrhage; Humans; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Ischemic Stroke; Neoplasm Recu	2023
Safety and efficacy of tirofiban in acute ischemic stroke due to tandem lesions undergoing mechanical thrombectomy: A multicenter randomized clinical trial (ATILA) protocol. European stroke journal, 2023, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Clinical Trials, Phase IV as Topic; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Multicenter St	2023
Indobufen versus aspirin in patients with acute ischaemic stroke in China (INSURE): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, active control, non-inferiority trial. The Lancet. Neurology, 2023, Volume: 22, Issue:6 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Male; Middle Aged; St	2023
Tirofiban for Stroke without Large or Medium-Sized Vessel Occlusion. The New England journal of medicine, 2023, Jun-01, Volume: 388, Issue:22 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Arterial Diseases; Fibrinolytic Agents; Humans; Intracranial Hemor	2023
Association of CYP2C19 Loss-of-Function Metabolizer Status With Stroke Risk Among Chinese Patients Treated With Ticagrelor-Aspirin vs Clopidogrel-Aspirin: A Prespecified Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA network open, 2023, 06-01, Volume: 6, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; East Asian People; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans;	2023
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy vs Alteplase for Patients With Minor Nondisabling Acute Ischemic Stroke: The ARAMIS Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA, 2023, 06-27, Volume: 329, Issue:24 Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Aged; Aspirin; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Clopidogrel; Drug Therapy, Combinat	2023
Impact of body mass index on efficacy and safety of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with minor stroke or transient ischemic attack. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 2023, 07-10, Volume: 195, Issue:26 Topics: Aspirin; Body Mass Index; Clopidogrel; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hemorrhage; Humans; Ischemic Attac	2023
Bleeding with intensive versus guideline antiplatelet therapy in acute cerebral ischaemia. Scientific reports, 2023, 07-20, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Acute Disease; Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel; Dipyridamole; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female	2023
Low-Dose Aspirin and the Risk of Stroke and Intracerebral Bleeding in Healthy Older People: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA network open, 2023, 07-03, Volume: 6, Issue:7 Topics: Aged; Aspirin; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Female; Humans; Intracranial Hemorrhages; Ischemic Stroke; Plate	2023
In healthy older adults, low-dose aspirin did not differ from placebo for ischemic stroke but increased intracranial bleeding. Annals of internal medicine, 2023, Volume: 176, Issue:11 Topics: Aged; Aspirin; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Stroke	2023
Association of Sex With Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Subgroup Analysis of the GLOBAL LEADERS Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA cardiology, 2020, 01-01, Volume: 5, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Aspirin; Coronary Artery Disease; Drug-Eluting Stents; Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy; Female; Hem	2020
Rivaroxaban versus aspirin for secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke in patients with cancer: a subgroup analysis of the NAVIGATE ESUS randomized trial. European journal of neurology, 2020, Volume: 27, Issue:5 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Double-Blind Method; Factor Xa Inhibitors; Humans; Intracranial Embolism; I	2020
Association of Black Race With Early Recurrence After Minor Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: Secondary Analysis of the POINT Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA neurology, 2020, 05-01, Volume: 77, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Aspirin; Black or African American; Clopidogrel; Female; Humans; Ischemic Attack, Transient; I	2020
Characteristics of Recurrent Ischemic Stroke After Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA neurology, 2020, 10-01, Volume: 77, Issue:10 Topics: Aged; Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Double-Blind Method; Embolic Stroke; Factor Xa Inhibitors; Female; Hu	2020
Multicenter randomized clinical trial of endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke. The effect of periprocedural medication: acetylsalicylic acid, unfractionated heparin, both, or neither (MR CLEAN-MED). Rationale and study design. Trials, 2020, Jul-14, Volume: 21, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Endovascular Procedures; Heparin; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Multicent	2020
Effectiveness and safety of high dose clopidogrel plus aspirin in ischemic stroke patients with the single CYP2C19 loss-of-function allele: a randomized trial. BMC neurology, 2020, Oct-29, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Aspirin; Carotid Stenosis; Clopidogrel; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; Dose-Response Relationship,	2020
Tirofiban combined with heparin's effect and safety in the treatment of mild to moderate acute ischemic stroke. Neurological research, 2021, Volume: 43, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Female; Heparin; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Male; Middle Aged; Plat	2021
Dabigatran or Aspirin After Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source in Patients With Patent Foramen Ovale: Results From RE-SPECT ESUS. Stroke, 2021, Volume: 52, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Dabigatran; Double-Blind Method; Embolic Stroke; Embolis	2021
Fewer Subsequent Strokes with Ticagrelor Plus Aspirin than with Aspirin Alone. American family physician, 2021, 02-15, Volume: 103, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Aspirin; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Ischemic Str	2021
Cardiovascular consequences of discontinuing low-dose rivaroxaban in people with chronic coronary or peripheral artery disease. Heart (British Cardiac Society), 2021, Volume: 107, Issue:14 Topics: Aged; Aspirin; Coronary Disease; Drug Monitoring; Drug Substitution; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dura	2021
Efficacy and Safety of Ticagrelor and Aspirin in Patients With Moderate Ischemic Stroke: An Exploratory Analysis of the THALES Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA neurology, 2021, 09-01, Volume: 78, Issue:9 Topics: Aged; Aspirin; Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy; Female; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Male; Middle Aged; Patie	2021
Personalized antiplatelet therapy based on clopidogrel/aspirin resistance tests in acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack: Study protocol of a multi-center, single-blinded and randomized controlled trial. Contemporary clinical trials, 2021, Volume: 108 Topics: Aftercare; Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel; Humans; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Ischemic Stroke	2021
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Using Cilostazol With Aspirin or Clopidogrel: Subanalysis of the CSPS.com Trial. Stroke, 2021, Volume: 52, Issue:11 Topics: Aged; Aspirin; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Cilostazol; Clopidogrel; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dual Anti-Pl	2021
Dual antiplatelet therapy may increase the risk of non-intracranial haemorrhage in patients with minor strokes: a subgroup analysis of the CHANCE trial. Stroke and vascular neurology, 2016, Volume: 1, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Aspirin; China; Clopidogrel; Double-Blind Method; Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy; Hemorrhage; Huma	2016
Risk factors associated with 90-day recurrent stroke in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy for minor stroke or high-risk TIA: a subgroup analysis of the CHANCE trial. Stroke and vascular neurology, 2017, Volume: 2, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Aspirin; China; Clopidogrel; Double-Blind Method; Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy; Female; Humans;	2017
Ginkgo biloba extract improved cognitive and neurological functions of acute ischaemic stroke: a randomised controlled trial. Stroke and vascular neurology, 2017, Volume: 2, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Aspirin; Brain; China; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Executive Function; Female; Ginkgo bilo	2017
Antiplatelet Therapy in Acute Mild-Moderate Ischemic Stroke (ATAMIS): a parallel, randomised, open-label, multicentre, prospective study. Stroke and vascular neurology, 2018, Volume: 3, Issue:4 Topics: Aspirin; China; Clopidogrel; Disability Evaluation; Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy; Ischemic Stroke; Mul	2018